Abstract: An anti-theft system includes a detecting device, a processing unit, and an alarm unit. The detecting device includes a first detecting unit that is operable so as to transmit a first signal, and a second detecting unit that transmits a second signal to the first detecting unit in response to the first signal. The processing unit verifies the second signal, and enables the first detecting unit to continue to transmit the first signal upon successful verification of the second signal. The alarm unit generates an alarm signal upon unsuccessful verification of the second signal. A container that is safeguarded by the anti-theft system is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an intrusion detecting system and method for precisely locating an intruder along the length of a sensor cable and for determining the intruder distance from the cable to precisely locate multiple, simultaneously occurring intrusions. The method includes the steps of: generating a TX signal and transmitting same over a first transmission line of the sensor cable, for creating an electromagnetic field; detecting an RX signal induced in a second transmission line of the cable by the electromagnetic field and identifying in the RX signal a contra-directional reflection received from a target and a co-directional reflection received from the far-end of the first transmission line, processing the contra-directional reflection for providing a first coordinate of the target, and processing the co-directional reflection for providing a second coordinate of the target.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling door-mounted or door-embedded antennas. An antenna, for example, an EAS or an RF antenna, sends interrogation signals which are received by markers located on merchandise within a range of detection, i.e., an “interrogation zone”. Antennas that are mounted on or embedded in a door move along with the motion of the door. Thus, the interrogation zone covered by the antenna's magnetic field is continually changing with the movement of the door. The system and method of the present invention control door-mounted antennas by monitoring the motion of the door upon which the antenna is mounted, and by adjusting the size and breadth of the interrogation zone generated by the antenna accordingly.

Abstract: A method for and system of intrusion detection by using ultrasonic signals are provided. The method includes a training phase and a detection phase. The training phase includes capturing multi-echo signals when no intrusion is present under surveillance. The captured ultrasonic multi-echo signals are analyzed and features are extracted, learned and modularized. The detection phase includes a continuous collection of ultrasonic multi-echo signals. The captured signals are analyzed and features are extracted to compare with the features learned during the training phase. When intrusion is present, the features will be substantially different from the features learned in the training phase. Thus, an intruder can be detected. Experimental results indicate that when MDR is less than 0.1%, the FAR would be less than 2.5% for the invention. Therefore, this invention is applicable to intrusion detection.

Abstract: A sensor having a crystal having a first face and a second face, the first face comprising a prong, wherein the sensor is adapted to track movement of an object in a medium other than vacuum and the prong has a frequency of vibration that substantially matched a frequency of vibration of the crystal is disclosed. A method to track movement of an object a method of manufacturing a system to track movement of the object is also disclosed. The method of tracking includes creating a sensor adapted to track movement of the object in medium other than vacuum and providing a spatial tracking map. The method of manufacturing the system to track movement of the object includes fabricating a plurality if sensors, arranging the plurality of sensors in a three-dimensional space and feeding data from the plurality of sensors into a mapping algorithm.

Abstract: A surveillance system can be designed to take advantage of the disruption of the electromagnetic propagation (EMP) of the radio waves as they propagate through a spatial volume from a transmitter to a receiver. This disruption is well-known in the RF field and is usually removed from becoming a problem in any bidirectional transmission by a variety of sophisticated techniques. Advantage is taken of the fact that the presence and/or movement of objects within the range of the transmission has some effect on the resultant reception. Thus, the disruption of the EMP between two points can be used to provide surveillance information over a wide area. In one embodiment, radios are used that can detect and adapt to changes in the EMP medium and thus are able to adapt to changing circumstances in real-time.

Abstract: Location of an emitter using leaky cables. A two-channel receiver determines the location of an emitter by measuring the phase and/or amplitude difference between emitter signals received by leaky cables. In one embodiment, two leaky cables having different propagation velocities are used. In a second embodiment also suitable for use with fiber optic cables, two cables having the same propagation velocity are used, but have different lengths, the extra length being taken up by serpentine patterns or loops. A single cable in a loop may also be used. The leak points on the cables may be passive, or may be controlled RF switches.

Abstract: A spatially distributed sensor system has an optical transmitter, an optical conduit optically coupled to the optical transmitter at an input position, and a sensing element optically coupled to the optical conduit at a position along the optical conduit spatially separated from the input position. The sensing element is structured to split off a fraction of light from the optical transmitter upon being coupled into the optical conduit and to return light to the optical conduit. The spatially distributed sensor system also has an optical receiver coupled to the optical conduit to receive at least a portion of light from the optical conduit that includes light returned to the optical conduit from the sensing element. An analysis of light received by the optical receiver provides information to determine a position of the sensing element.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an intrusion detection sensor includes a microwave sensor (120) that transmits microwaves toward a detection area, receives the microwaves reflected by an object present in the detection area, and outputs a reflected wave reception intensity signal according to the received intensity; a direction variable antenna device (110); a scanning measurement means (131) that provides an instruction to scan the transmission/reception direction to the direction variable antenna device (110) to determine a relationship with the output of the reflected wave reception intensity signal; a detection target object presence determination means (132) that determines whether or not a detection target object is present based on the determined relationship; and an alarm signal output control means (133) that outputs an alarm signal when it is determined that a detection target object is present.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor (8) for use with an automatic door comprising at least two detectors (10, 12) based on different technologies, a processor (14) for processing the signals generated by at least two detectors (10, 12) in that it simultaneously uses the signals in order to combine the signals and to accurately detect the situation in a surveillance area (20, 22) sensed by the sensor (8).

Abstract: An boundary monitoring apparatus comprising an object detection device arranged to transmit a signal into a detection region and to detect an object in said detection region upon receipt of a reflected signal from said object; means for defining a boundary in said detection region; means for determining a path of said object in the detection region; means for performing an evaluation of the determined path of the object with respect to the boundary; and means for causing an alarm event depending on the evaluation.

Abstract: A security system is disclosed for detecting intrusions at a plurality of predetermined locations having moveable closure members. The system comprises a plurality of intrusion sensors disposed at the locations for detecting movement of the closure members. Primary and secondary optical fiber sensor lines are routed through the intrusion sensors, and primary and secondary scanning units pulse signals along the sensor lines and receive reflected signals back from the sensor lines. A processor processes the reflected signals to determine if a reflection and/or attenuation change has occurred in a reflected pulse signal signifying a prescribed level of unauthorized intrusion activity which matches a signature intrusion signal. In the event of a cut through in the sensor lines, the primary sensor line monitors the sensors downstream of the break, and the secondary sensor line is activated to monitor the sensors downstream of the break.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments provide a method comprising sensing an intruder within a predetermined vicinity of a Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) system; and reducing an emitted power of the FSOC system. Certain exemplary embodiments provide a system comprising a Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) subsystem; a sensor adapted to detect an intruder within a predetermined vicinity of the FSOC subsystem; and a switch adapted to reduce an emitted power of the FSOC subsystem, said switch coupled to said sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive security sensor cable, a method for manufacturing of same and an overall security system for using that sensor cable. The sensor cable consists of a central conductor, an air separator, a polyethylene dielectric tube, an outer conductor and an outer protective jacket. The central conductor is loosely centered in the coaxial cable and thus freely movable relative to the dielectric tube. The sensor cable has application either in a passive sensing system or in an active ranging sensing system to determine the location of an intrusion along the cable. For the passive sensing function, when the center conductor moves, it contacts a suitable dielectric material from the triboelectric series, such as polyethylene, which can be processed to produce a charge transfer by triboelectric effect that is measurable as a terminal voltage.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, an apparatus having a first sensor having a first adjustable lens and a second sensor having a second adjustable lens is disclosed. A controller is coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor. The controller is to cause the first sensor and the second sensor to operate independently in a first mode and is to cause the first motion sensor and the second motion sensor to operate interdependently in a second mode.

Abstract: A passive microwave receiver array, operating in the one meter to sub-millimeter wavelengths range and including an internationally protected range of frequencies of varying bandwidth, may be used for fire and intrusion detection. One or more receiver array can be used to provide a plurality of frequency ranges that can be detected. In an interior installation, one or more receiver array can be placed inside a wall. In other embodiments, the receiver and array can be in the form of a hand-held or wearable device. This method and apparatus achieves high performance by exploiting conventional low noise amplification block conversion circuits and provides the detection of thermal signals through clear, smoky, misty, or environmentally untenable conditions as well as the detection of fire and intrusion events through a non-metallic wall.

Abstract: Cable crash barrier apparatus precludes unwanted ingress and egress and electronically monitors breaches. Substantial thickness of the cable provides mechanical integrity resistant to, for example, a 400 lb. vehicle traveling at speeds up to at least about 52 miles per hour, while flexibility protects a central conducting member effective for forming a low-voltage circuit, the cable being supported by a plurality of anchoring members and not detracting from overall aesthetic of the area being circumnavigated.

Abstract: An advanced technology screening checkpoint system includes a baggage screening zone, a passenger screening zone, and a secondary screening zone. The baggage screening zone may include an explosives scanning system and an imaging system, while the passenger screening zone may include an explosives detection portal and a self-divestment portal to show passengers what to divest prior to screening by a high sensitivity metal detection portal. In some implementations, a secondary screening zone includes a sealed-bottle scanning system, an enhanced explosives detection system, a weapons search routine, and a body scanning system. Centralized monitoring of screening results for individual detection and screening systems of the baggage, passenger, and secondary screening zones may be provided by a combined user interface (CUI).

Abstract: A leaky cable having radiation directivity which varies with frequency transmits electric waves in different frequency bands. A measurement apparatus outputs measurement information including signal intensity and phase of a reflected electric wave in each frequency band which is reflected by a target and is received by another leaky cable, and propagation delay time. A calculator groups the measurement information by target on the basis of signal intensities and phases of the reflected electric waves in different frequency bands, and calculates the position of the target with respect to the longitudinal direction of the leaky cables and the distance between the target and the leaky cables.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a detector device and, more particularly, to a detector device comprising a self-diagnosis means for monitoring the correct performance or otherwise of the device. During testing, the device, which normally operates using the Doppler shift principle, is arranged to influence the phase and/or amplitude of the received signal in response to an applied test signal. The received signal may be a Doppler shifted version of a transmitted signal. Combining the phase and/or amplitude shifted version of the received signal and the signal from the local oscillator produces an IF signal that is indicative of the phase and/or amplitude shift. If the device is operating correctly, that signal should have a predetermined range of characteristics. If the self-diagnosis means determines that the produced signal falls outside of the predetermined range of characteristics, an alarm is raised to alert, for example, maintenance personnel to the problem.

Abstract: The apparatus enhances the degree of freedom in communication using a quasi-electrostatic field. A card device 3 (a ticket checking and collecting machine 2) side in a communication system 1, a quasi-electrostatic field according to an identification signal S5 (a notification signal S9) modulated according to identification information S4 (notification information S8) is generated from an internal electrode 8 (a side-surface electrode 7) to electrify a human body. At the ticket checking and collecting machine 2 (the card device 3), displacement of the strength of a information-transmission quasi-electrostatic field DTD which is isotropically formed in the neighborhood of the human body is detected via the side-surface electrode 7 (the internal electrode 8) and a FET 28 (a FET 37) sequentially, and based on the detection result, the identification information S4 (the notification information S8) is demodulated.

Abstract: A position detection sensor using electromagnetic wave (1) estimates the position of a monitor object (100) in a first detection region (101), and outputs it as a first possibility distribution. A second sensor (4) estimates the position of the monitor object (100) in a second detection region (102), and outputs it as a second possibility distribution. A distribution computing means (5) outputs an integrated possibility distribution which it obtains by integrating the possibility distributions of the position of the monitor object 100 which are acquired by these sensors. An information presenting means (6) outputs the integrated possibility distribution as information about the most possible position of the monitor object (100).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automated safety system having at least one projector to direct electromagnetic energy into a region of space associated with a security, warning, or safety zone. A detector or detectors senses an interruption of the electromagnetic energy in the region of space by an object or person that may enter the space. The system includes a processor and a storage component, wherein the processor determines the interruption by comparing a current image from the detector with a previously stored image in the storage component. Upon detection, the processor triggers an event based upon the comparison, whereby the event includes such aspects as activating an output, de-energizing a machine, sounding a warning, sounding an alarm, storing data associated with the event, and sending a notification to a local or a remote system, for example.

Abstract: A motion-activated decorative lighting fixture with a PIR motion detector having an adjustable field of view hidden behind a decorative slotted wall of the fixture body. The lighting fixture includes a motion detector housing that forms an integral part of the fixture body. The housing includes a slotted vertically extending exterior wall around the housing with an array of elongate vertically extending slots horizontally spaced apart from one another and extending along at least a portion of the wall. One or more PIR sensors are disposed within the housing, and a segmented Fresnel lens array is disposed within the housing behind the slots to direct infra-red energy from a monitored field of view to a sensor. The lens array includes a plurality of columns of lenslets, which are divided into at least two sets of columns, the columns of the first set alternating with the columns of the second set so as to form an alternating sequence of columns.

Abstract: The invention provides an obstruction detection device. It comprises a light guide having at least one groove formed into one of the light-guiding surfaces of the light guide. A light emitter is provided for emitting light into the light guide, and at least one light detector is provided for detecting the intensity of light transmitted through the light guide and/or which is reflected by at least one groove inside the light guide. Further, the obstruction detection device comprises an output device for outputting an alarm signal when an absolute difference between the intensity and a reference value exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and system for use of ranging MW to decrease MW intrusion detector false alarms. A Doppler microwave system may be provided that is capable of detecting an object range and adjusting the sensitivity of an alarm stage of a MW detector to account for object size and range. Multiple range limited MW stages may be configured for different ranges to determine the general range of the moving object. Based on signal levels present on these MW stages, an approximate object range may be determined. The sensitivity of the MW alarm stage is then adjusted based on a MW alarm state sensitivity vs. object range function that is optimized to alarm on humans and ignore small animals and insects. The method and system may be used in detection systems incorporating a MW sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-frequency monitoring system comprising an emission unit (2) for emitting a high-frequency monitoring beam (16) and a reception unit (4) for receiving the same. According to the invention, said high-frequency monitoring system comprises a beam deflection means (8a-f) which is used to deflect the monitoring beam (16) and is arranged at a distance from the emission unit (2) and the reception unit (4) along at least one monitoring path (18).

Abstract: The present application describes a monitoring circuit for an aircraft. The monitoring circuit comprises an inductive system, wherein the inductive system comprises a multitude of air core inductors and capacitors. Depending on the distance between a target and the inductive system the frequency response of the inductive system is changed. The change in the frequency response is detected and displayed in a display unit. The monitoring circuit can be used to improve door monitoring in an aircraft.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a microwave sensor includes: a first directional coupler (DC1) connected on a path of a transmission antenna unit (A1); a second directional coupler (DC2) connected on a path of a reception antenna unit (A2), and a determination unit (4) that obtains, based on monitor outputs from these, a scattering parameter S11 corresponding to a reflectance property at the transmission antenna unit (A1) and a scattering parameter S21 corresponding to a transmission property from the transmission antenna unit (A1) to the reception antenna unit (A2), and outputs an alarm signal (Dout2) when at least one of the scattering parameter S11 and the scattering parameter S21 continuously exhibits a value outside its respective pre-set range over a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for automatically detecting intrusion in an off-limits zone. The system includes a transmitter transmitting a signal along a path likely to encounter an intruder to the off-limits zone and a modulating reflector for receiving the transmitted signal. The modulating reflector includes a modulator receiving the received signal and generating a modulated signal having a characteristic. The modulating reflector transmits the modulated signal to be received by a receiver located to receive the modulated signal. The system further includes a processor coupled to the transmitter and to the receiver, the processor being configured to process the received modulated signal and to initiate an action as a function of the characteristic in the received modulated signal.

Abstract: An intrusion detection system and method are provided that can utilize impulse radio technology to detect when an intruder has entered a protection zone. In addition, the intrusion detection system and method can utilize impulse radio technology to determine a location of the intruder within the protection zone and also track the movement of the intruder within the protection zone. Moreover, the intrusion detection system and method can utilize impulse radio technology to create a specially shaped protection a one before trying to detect when and where the intruder has penetrated and moved within the protection zone.

Abstract: In occupant detection systems, direct connections, such as fixed or permanent connections, are provided between the antenna and measurement circuit and between the measurement circuit and wiring harness. Multiple such arrangements may be used for capacitive, electric field, or other types of occupant detection circuits. In some embodiments, the occupant detection is split between a measurement circuit and a processor. For multiple sensors, multiple measurements circuits are provided with direction connections. The processor determines the occupancy state from data from the measurement circuits. The direction connections provide separate, unitary measurement modules to be used by the occupancy system.

Abstract: An intrusion detecting system has a transmitter transmitting radio waves in an LF band; a detector detecting an electric field intensity at least in one axis and receiving the radio waves from the transmitter; and an intrusion detecting part configured to detect an intrusion within a predetermined range based on a comparison result between a predetermined threshold and a value detected by the detector for electric field intensities of any axis.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting a warning condition and alerting a headphone wearer to the warning condition. One exemplary device includes a headphone configured to be worn by the user and a sensor in electronic communication with the headphone. The sensor is configured to monitor external signals in an external environment. The device further includes a processor in electronic communication with the sensor. The processor is configured to process the external signals monitored by the sensor; identify external signals indicative of an approaching object; and produce an alert responsive to identification of an approaching object.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus and methods, for monitoring an environment using a wireless network and sending a signal if movement is detected, are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A detector made of lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate detects intensity of ultraviolet light radiated inside of a vehicle. The detector sends ultrasonic wave to an incidence direction of ultraviolet light, and detects ultrasonic wave reflected by an object. An electrical unit determines the object to be an occupant of the vehicle or not based on the reflected ultrasonic wave. The electrical unit outputs a signal representing that a predetermined or more amount of ultraviolet light is radiated to the occupant, when the detector detects the predetermined or more amount of ultraviolet light and when the electrical unit determines the object to be the occupant.

Abstract: According to various illustrative embodiments, a motion-monitoring system comprises at least one antenna fixed within a barrier, the at least one antenna transmitting at least one first radio-frequency signal through the barrier to at least one volume outside the barrier, the at least one first radio-frequency signal reflecting from at least one object in the at least one volume to produce a plurality of second radio-frequency signals, which are received by the at least one antenna, at least one sensing circuit sensing the plurality of second radio-frequency signals and generating a plurality of time-domain output signals, and at least one processor receiving the plurality of time-domain output signals and comparing at least one successive time-domain output signal to at least one previous time-domain output signal to estimate at least one characteristic of the at least one object, including a motion of the at least one object.

Abstract: The present invention provides an intrusion detecting system and method for precisely locating an intruder along the length of a sensor cable and for determining the intruder distance from the cable to precisely locate multiple, simultaneously occurring intrusions. The method includes the steps of: generating a TX signal and transmitting same over a first transmission line of the sensor cable, for creating an electromagnetic field; detecting an RX signal induced in a second transmission line of the cable by the electromagnetic field and identifying in the RX signal a contra-directional reflection received from a target and a co-directional reflection received from the far-end of the first transmission line, processing the contra-directional reflection for providing a first coordinate of the target, and processing the co-directional reflection for providing a second coordinate of the target.

Abstract: The IR sensor is configured to be mounted proximate to a door to be monitored. The IR sensor has an IR transmitter and an IR receiver. The IR transmitter has an active period and an idle period. The IR transmitter transmits control data packets which are provided by the processor during the active period. The IR receiver has an active period for detecting IR data and reflected data packets. Each of the reflected data packets has a packet IR reflectivity. The memory stores a door IR reflectivity associated with a door surface of the door, and the processor compares the packet IR reflectivity to the door IR reflectivity to determine at least a door position of the door.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive security sensor cable, a method for manufacturing of same and an overall security system for using that sensor cable. The sensor cable consists of a central conductor, an air separator, a polyethylene dielectric tube, an outer conductor and an outer protective jacket. The central conductor is loosely centered in the coaxial cable and thus freely movable relative to the dielectric tube. The sensor cable has application either in a passive sensing system or in an active ranging sensing system to determine the location of an intrusion along the cable. For the passive sensing function, when the center conductor moves, it contacts a suitable dielectric material from the triboelectric series, such as polyethylene, which can be processed to produce a charge transfer by triboelectric effect that is measurable as a terminal voltage.

Abstract: A method of operating a passenger screening kiosk system includes operating the passenger screening kiosk system to perform a screening process that includes at least one of verify a passenger's identity, detect the presence of an explosive material, and detect the presence of a metallic material, generating a screening result, and associating the screening result with the passenger.

Abstract: Security systems, methods, and devices for monitoring a region for movement utilize a wireless network detector having a directional antenna and a transmitter for transmitting the detected wireless network signal strength to a computer. Analysis of changes in the signal strength measurements determines the presence of movement requiring a response.

Abstract: An advanced technology screening checkpoint system includes a baggage screening zone, a passenger screening zone, and a secondary screening zone. The baggage screening zone may include an explosives scanning system and an imaging system, while the passenger screening zone may include an explosives detection portal and a self-divestment portal to show passengers what to divest prior to screening by a high sensitivity metal detection portal. In some implementations, a secondary screening zone includes a sealed-bottle scanning system, an enhanced explosives detection system, a weapons search routine, and a body scanning system. Centralized monitoring of screening results for individual detection and screening systems of the baggage, passenger, and secondary screening zones may be provided by a combined user interface (CUI).

Abstract: A security system designed to be mounted adjacent a passenger entrance area of a bus or train. The security device scanning system includes a controller disposed within the bus or train, the two scanners configured in substantially a vertical manner proximate the passenger entrance area. The scanners further include a plurality of transmitters and receivers that detect materials using a plurality of detection methods including but not limited to x-ray, pulse induction and chemical sniffing. The security scanning system further includes a distress signaling system.

Abstract: A leaky cable having radiation directivity which varies with frequency transmits electric waves in different frequency bands. A measurement apparatus outputs measurement information including signal intensity and phase of a reflected electric wave in each frequency band which is reflected by a target and is received by another leaky cable, and propagation delay time A calculator groups the measurement information by target on the basis of signal intensities and phases of the reflected electric waves in different frequency bands, and calculates the position of the target with respect to the longitudinal direction of the leaky cables and the distance between the target and the leaky cables.

Abstract: An anti-theft system includes a detecting device, a processing unit, and an alarm unit. The detecting device includes a first detecting unit that is operable so as to transmit a first signal, and a second detecting unit that transmits a second signal to the first detecting unit in response to the first signal. The processing unit verifies the second signal, and enables the first detecting unit to continue to transmit the first signal upon successful verification of the second signal. The alarm unit generates an alarm signal upon unsuccessful verification of the second signal. A container that is safeguarded by the anti-theft system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensory system for determining the orientation of an object, wherein the sensory system includes a plurality of non-uniformly spaced waveguide sensors or array(s) of waveguide sensors. The non-uniformly spaced waveguide sensors are responsive to received radio frequency signals wherein the received power of the signals is dependent upon the orientation of the waveguide(s).

Abstract: The monitoring system has a monitoring apparatus and an access point that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring apparatus. The monitoring apparatus sends a wireless signal to the access point. The access point generates a Received Signal Strength Indicator of the received wireless signal. The access point checks for an entrance of an intruder between the monitoring apparatus and the access point based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator generated by the access point. The monitoring systems enables accurate detection of an entrance of an intruder using wireless communication technology.

Abstract: An ultrasonic sensor has a sensor body and a bezel having a metal spring attached on a side wall thereof for installation on a vehicle component. A free end of the metal spring is positioned to protrude from a through hole of the side wall, is pressed by a portion of the sensor body that is inserted in a hollow space of the bezel, and is pushed back by an opening face of the sensor body. In this manner, the bezel is firmly attached on the component and the sensor body is firmly attached on the bezel.

Abstract: A structure is used to prevent an ultrasonic sensor from being damaged by a spring member provided for a bezel. A metal spring is fixed in a groove in a bezel. By setting depth of the groove to be larger than thickness of the metal spring, the metal spring is positioned on the inside further than an open end of the bezel. With the configuration, the metal spring is prevented from coming into direct contact with an ultrasonic transducer. Thus, a vibration face of the ultrasonic transducer is prevented from being damaged.