Abstract: An errant vehicle interdiction device for stopping errant vehicles includes a transmitting unit that is line-of-sight limited. The transmitting unit emits a brake command and an engine off command. The device comprises a receiving unit that is coupled to a vehicle. The receiving unit is operationally coupled to the central processing unit of the vehicle. The receiving unit is positioned to receive the brake command and the engine off command from the transmitting unit. The receiving unit relays the commands to the central processing unit of the vehicle. The central processing unit of the vehicle issues the brake command to the braking system of the vehicle and the engine off command to the engine of the vehicle, bringing the errant vehicle to a stop.

Abstract: A seat monitoring system comprises a first layer of one or more fluid bladders packaged within a seat, a pump in fluid communication with the first layer, the pump operable to increase fluid pressure of each bladder within the first layer, an array of one or more sensors in fluid communication with the first layer and operative to sense pressure and pressure changes within each bladder within the first layer and a controller configured to: collect pressure data; determine from the pressure data a monitored parameter relevant to a subject in the seat; and change an aspect of the seat based on the monitored parameter. Methods of using the seat monitoring system can include determining a drowsiness threshold and altering a user that he or she is getting drowsy.

Abstract: A device may detect a trigger associated with a vehicle. The device may determine registration information, associated with the vehicle, based on detecting the trigger. The registration information may include information associated with a user device associated with the vehicle. The device may determine that the user device is not within a particular distance of the vehicle. The device may provide, to the user device and based on determining that the user device is not within the particular distance of the vehicle, an alert associated with the vehicle. The alert may be provided via a communications network. The device may determine, after providing the alert to the user device, that an action, associated with the vehicle, is to be performed. The device may cause the action, associated with the vehicle, to be performed.

Abstract: A drowsiness estimation device comprises an imaging unit 1, a regional temperature calculation unit 6, and a weighted subtraction unit 7. The imaging unit 1 obtains visible spectrum image data in a visible spectrum capture mode and obtains infra-red image data indicating a surface body temperature distribution for a subject's body in an infra-red capture mode. The regional temperature calculation unit 6 detects a temperature of an ocular center region within the surface body temperature distribution indicated by the infra-red image data. The weighted subtraction unit 7 applies a correction to a temperature parameter for drowsiness estimation, based on the detected ocular center region temperature. A drowsiness estimation for the user is then performed according to the corrected parameter.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a head-mounted device. The head-mounted device includes a sensing apparatus, which contains a first infrared emitter and a second infrared emitter positioned below the first infrared emitter, wherein the first and second infrared emitters alternate emission of infrared pulses at an eye of a user. The sensing apparatus also includes a first infrared detector that produces a first measurement of a reflection of the infrared pulses from the eye of the user. The head-mounted device also includes a processing apparatus that analyzes the first measurement from the first infrared detector to characterize an eyelid movement of the user.

Abstract: A device determining a biological state of a driver more accurately, including a hypnagogic symptom phenomenon detecting mechanism, an imminent sleep phenomenon detecting mechanism, a subjective sleepiness/low consciousness traveling state detecting mechanism, and a homeostasis function level determining mechanism, which are configured to function in parallel. Therefore, detection of a hypnagogic symptom phenomenon or an imminent sleep phenomenon, or detection of a period resisting a light sleepiness mild sleepiness or a strong sleepiness which occurs consciously, or the case where a low consciousness traveling state due to a decrease in consciousness level momentarily occurs or the case where it occurs longer continuously, or the like, can be determined/detected, and the driver's biological state can be accurately determined.

Abstract: The method, system, and computer-readable medium cause the monitoring of a vehicle operator during the course of vehicle operation to determine whether the vehicle operator is impaired and causes a mitigating response when an impairment is determined to exist. The vehicle operator, the environment surrounding the vehicle, or forces acting on the vehicle may be monitored using a variety of sensors, including optical sensors, accelerometers, or biometric sensors (e.g., skin conductivity, heart rate, or voice modulation). When the vehicle operator is determined to be impaired, an alert or other mitigating response is implemented, based on the sensor data. In some embodiments, mitigating actions may be taken to avoid vehicle operator impairment. In further embodiments, a training period may be used to generate a profile for the vehicle operator.

Abstract: Systems and methods of evaluating an association between a wireless sensor and a monitored patient include a plurality of peripheral electronic devices each having a wireless communication system and a sensor. A processor receives measured physiological parameter data from the peripheral electronic devices and establishes an association status between each of the peripheral electronic devices and the monitored patient based upon identified characteristics in the physiological parameter data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring hand-washing compliance can include: detecting sensor readings; calculating movement estimations based on differences between the sensor readings; counting a number of crosses based on how often the movement estimations: are calculated above an upper threshold and are calculated below a lower threshold in consecutive movement calculations, are calculated below the lower threshold and are calculated above the upper threshold in the consecutive movement calculations, or a combination thereof; decrementing a countdown timer based on the number of crosses being above a cross-threshold; and pausing the countdown timer based on the number of crosses being below the cross-threshold.

Abstract: A device for automatically detecting a change in position beyond a reference position is provided. Preferably the change in position results from a change in height of an object. In the preferred embodiment inclinometers detect a change in position resulting from an electric line or other suspended object that has descended from its reference position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of using sleep monitoring is described. The method comprises monitoring the user's state using a plurality of sensors in a sensor system and detecting when the user is falling asleep. The method further comprises turning off a wireless connection in the mobile device in response to the user falling asleep, such that the system does not synchronize between the mobile device and a display device while the user is asleep.

Abstract: In a method for detecting the drowsiness of a driver in a vehicle, a course of a circadian curve is modified as a function of the environmental brightness.

Abstract: An adaptive display system includes a display component to present an image to a user, a sensor for detecting a vision characteristic of the user and generating a sensor signal representing the vision characteristic of the user; and a processor in communication with the sensor and the display component, wherein the processor receives the sensor signal, analyzes the sensor signal based upon an instruction set to determine the vision characteristic of the user, and controls a visual output of the display component based upon the vision characteristic of the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eye searching method and an eye state detection apparatus and an eye searching apparatus using the same. The method comprises the steps of: defining each center point of two nostrils from a face image; computing a distance D between the two center points of the two nostrils and a midpoint between the two center points of the two nostrils; determining a reference point that has a horizontal distance k1×D and a vertical distance k2×D spaced apart from the midpoint, wherein k1=1.6˜1.8, k2=1.6˜1.8; and defining a rectangle around the reference point as its center, wherein the rectangle has a width and a length greater than the width, and the rectangle surrounds the eye of the face image. Accordingly, the present invention can quickly and accurately find out a certain part of the eye from the face image.

Abstract: A warning alarm apparatus for a steering wheel includes at least one piezoelectric transducer provided in the rim of the steering wheel; a current supplier; one or more sensors, equipped in the steering wheel or a motor vehicle, sense a dangerous factor; and a controller that determines whether a sensor value sensed by the sensor is included in a warning alarm range, and controls operation of the current supplier according to the sensor value.

Abstract: A vibrating pulse monitored alarm bracelet consists of control panel/display/capacitive touchscreen, a flash memory to collect and communicate data, two rechargeable batteries which serve as the power source for the device, sensors to collect pulse rate data, vibrating pads to provide silent, electric pulse stimuli, and a neoprene band to secure the device to its wearer.

Abstract: A user device may be used to prevent a driver of a vehicle from driving while drowsy. The user device may create a driver profile for the driver and collect driving data while the driver is driving the vehicle. The driver profile may include information regarding the driver's propensity to drive while drowsy and the driving data may include information regarding whether the driver is exhibiting drowsy behaviors and how long the driver has been driving continuously. The user device may determine whether the driver is drowsy based on the driver profile and the driving data, and may respond in one or more ways, such as by altering the driver with an audio signal, providing the driver with a map to a nearby rest area, activating a braking system of the vehicle, warning nearby drivers about the driver being drowsy, contacting a parent or guardian of the driver, etc.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining an inattentive state of an operator of a vehicle and for providing information to the operator of the vehicle by obtaining face images of the operator of the vehicle, obtaining images of an environment of the vehicle, determining one or more areas of interest in the environment of the vehicle based on the images of the environment, obtaining, from a relevance and priority database, relevance and priority values corresponding to the one or more areas of interest, determining a probability of attention of the operator of the vehicle to the one or more areas of interest based on the images of the environment and the relevance and priority values, determining an attention deficiency based on the determined probability of attention and the face images, and providing the information to the operator of the vehicle based on the determined attention deficiency.

Abstract: A tool for mitigating driver fatigue. The tool registers, by one or more computer processors, a profile for a driver, wherein registering the profile includes the driver in a social community. The tool receives, by one or more computer processors, a request to initiate a conversation, the request indicating the driver is suffering from driver fatigue. The tool determines, by one or more computer processors, one or more available additional drivers. The tool determines, by one or more computer processors, based, at least in part, on the registered profile, one or more strategies for mitigating driver fatigue.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing driver distraction and situation non-awareness related to a dialog of an automated dialog system in a vehicle. For a dialog policy learning session, driver distraction is introduced as an input into a penalty assigner that assesses dialog quality, and dialog acts are extended to include dialogs and dialog act presentation styles which reduce driver workload related to dialogs. The automated dialog system policy is developed during the learning process by optimizing the penalties, so that automated dialog workload is reduced in response to increased workload or anticipated workload on the driver. Methods and systems are presented for responding to both actual workload in regular vehicles as well as anticipated workload in autonomous vehicles.

Abstract: An adaptive interface, predicting a desired user function, based on user history, as well as machine internal status and context. An input is predicted, and the predictive mechanism may be is updated based on this feedback. Also provided is a pattern recognition system for a multimedia device, wherein an input is matched to a media stream on a conceptual basis, allowing inferential programming of the device. The system analyzes a data stream for correspondence with a data pattern. The data stream is subjected to adaptive pattern recognition to extract features of interest. Applications of the interface and system include a VCR, medical device, vehicle control system, audio device, environmental control system, securities trading terminal, and smart house. The system optionally includes an actuator for effecting the environment of operation, allowing closed-loop feedback operation and automated learning.

Abstract: A drowsiness detection device and method for a person (4), having a digital camera device (2) and a control unit (5). The digital camera device (2) includes a video processor (6). The digital camera device (2) is arranged to detect the eyes (3) of the person (4) in a series of images. The video processor (6) is arranged to detect eyelid movements in the images and convert images of the eyelid movements to an electric signal (s(t)) which is transferred to the control unit (5) The control unit (5) is arranged to fit a modeled signal (y(t)) against the electric signal (s(t)) and to determine whether the modeled signal (y(t)) constitutes an eyelid blink. The control unit (5) uses a number of modeled signals (y(t)) determined to constitute an eyelid blink to determine whether the level of alertness has fallen below a certain threshold.

Abstract: The method, system, and computer-readable medium causes the monitoring of a vehicle operator during the course of vehicle operation to determine whether the vehicle operator is impaired and causes a mitigating response when an impairment is determined to exist. The vehicle operator, the environment surrounding the vehicle, or forces acting on the vehicle may be monitored using a variety of sensors, including optical sensors, accelerometers, or biometric sensors (e.g., skin conductivity, heart rate, or voice modulation). When the vehicle operator is determined to be impaired, an alert or other mitigating response is implemented, based on the sensor data. In some embodiments, mitigating actions may be taken to avoid vehicle operator impairment.

Abstract: A steering wheel cover with driver alert system is an apparatus that attaches to a vehicle's steering wheel. The apparatus utilizes a driver alert system to detect when a driver is falling asleep while operating a vehicle and signal an alarm. The driver alert system accomplishes this by monitoring a driver's grip on the steering wheel. When a driver's grip loosens, the driver alert system signals an alarm to wake the driver. The steering wheel cover with integrated driver alert system is fitted to an existing vehicle's steering wheel with minimal if any modifications and utilizes an external power source to charge the apparatus when the vehicle is not in use.

Abstract: A content providing method in an electronic device includes reproducing an image of content; obtaining information regarding a posture of a user based on an image of the user; determining whether the posture of the user is acceptable based on the obtained information regarding the posture of the user; and controlling reproduction of the content according to a result of the determination.

Abstract: Devices and methods are described for timing notifications based on blinks. An example method may include (1) receiving input data that is indicative of movement of an eye; (2) detecting an occurrence of an event; in response to detection of the event: (3) determining at least one notification corresponding to the event; (4) delaying presentation of the at least one notification until the computing device determines that the input data is indicative of at least one blink by the eye; and in response to the input data that is indicative of the at least one blink, (5) causing the at least one notification to be presented.

Abstract: A display system includes a line-of-sight tracking camera to detect an eyeball of a driver, first and second stereo cameras, a controlling unit, and a storing unit. The first and second stereo camera photographs a range corresponding to a field-of-view based on stereo camera-based line-of-sight information that is changed based on line-of-sight tracking camera-based line-of-sight information, and provide a photographed image. The controlling unit converts the line-of-sight tracking camera-based line-of-sight information into first and second stereo camera-based line-of-sight information based on pre-stored position and rotation information of the tracking camera and the first and second stereo cameras, and project the converted information onto the first and second stereo cameras, such that a three-dimensional line-of-sight coordinate is calculated.

Abstract: An apparatus for assisting a user to maintain a correct posture is provided. The apparatus includes a determining unit configured to determine whether the user is using a portable terminal in a correct posture based on a user's face image captured by the portable terminal, an angle of inclination of the portable terminal, or any combination thereof, and an alarming unit configured to provide a predetermined alarm according to a result of determination by the determining unit.

Abstract: The method, system, and computer-readable medium causes the monitoring of a vehicle operator during the course of vehicle operation to determine whether the vehicle operator is impaired and causes a mitigating response when an impairment is determined to exist. The vehicle operator, the environment surrounding the vehicle, or forces acting on the vehicle may be monitored using a variety of sensors, including optical sensors, accelerometers, or biometric sensors (e.g., skin conductivity, heart rate, or voice modulation). When the vehicle operator is determined to be impaired, an alert or other mitigating response is implemented, based on the sensor data. In some embodiments, mitigating actions may be taken to avoid vehicle operator impairment.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods that facilitate eye tracking using a contact lens are provided. In some aspects, the contact lens includes: a substrate; an antenna, disposed on or within the substrate, that harvests radio frequency energy; an integrated circuit, disposed on or within the substrate, that receives power from the antenna; and electrical components, disposed on or within the substrate, that determine motion of an eye over which the contact lens is placed, and perform tracking of the eye based, at least, on the motion. For example, the motion of the eye can be determined based on telemetry components fabricated on or within a substrate of the contact lens. In some aspects, the contact lens can include light emitters that radiate light in a direction of the gaze of the wearer of the contact lens. A heads-up device can perform eye tracking based on the direction of the light beams.

Abstract: A vehicle's driving personality is adapted to a driver by determining a driver's ability to operate the vehicle by monitoring the driver's operation. The driver's operation, such as vehicle speed, lane usage, and braking, is compared to known characteristics of the road segment on which the vehicle is being driven. The driver's competency is evaluated by comparing how the driver operates a vehicle on a segment of roadway to how the vehicle could be operated and stay within limits imposed by law. A driver's ability to operate the vehicle can also be obtained from sensors that monitor a driver's heart rate, respiration rate, eye movement, and other health-indicating autonomic responses. After the driver's capabilities are determined, navigation instructions provided to the driver thereafter are modified to route the driver over roads that are either preferred or appropriate for the driver's physical abilities.

Abstract: A drowsiness-estimating device capable of improving the precision of drowsiness estimation by eliminating the effect of individual differences. In the device, a recurrence required time-calculating part (103) calculates the recurrence required time, which is the time needed, after a detection time when an action is detected, for a drowsiness estimation parameter value acquired after the detection time to return to the value of the drowsiness estimation parameter acquired before the detection time. A drowsiness-estimating part (104) estimates the level of drowsiness of the drowsiness-estimation subject on the basis of the calculated recurrence required time. To be specific, the drowsiness-estimating part (104) maintains a drowsiness level-estimating table in which each of multiple time ranges is correlated with a possible drowsiness level, and specifies a possible drowsiness level that corresponds to the time range, among the multiple time ranges, with which the recurrence required time is associated.

Abstract: A fatigue degree input unit inputs a fatigue degree of a user through use of a processing device, and writes an input value of the fatigue degree into a storage device. A recommended duration calculation unit reads the input value of the fatigue degree written by the fatigue degree input unit from the storage device. In accordance with the input value of the fatigue degree read from the storage device, the recommended duration calculation unit calculates a bath duration to be recommended to the user, as a recommended duration, through use of the processing device. A recommended duration informing unit informs the user of the recommended duration calculated by the recommended duration calculation unit, through an output device.

Abstract: A method and system for determining driving concentration which is capable of analyzing a driver's driving concentration on the basis of variation of a steering angle and driving status information of a vehicle acquired from a front camera sensor. The method includes storing output data of a steering angle sensor and a front camera sensor mounted in a vehicle at a predetermined time interval, calculating a quantitative index include a value for recognizing a vehicle status based on information stored in a storage unit, statistically processing the calculated value to output status information which is an index for determining driving concentration, and comparing the information calculated in the statistically processing to the predetermined reference data and determining the driving concentration according to the comparison result.

Abstract: A wakefulness-maintaining device capable of maintaining a driver's wakefulness by making the driver aware of changes in sound characteristics.

Abstract: A system for preventing drowsiness in a driver by employing a thermal grill. The system includes a detection module and an intervention module. The detection module monitors a driver's parameters to determine whether the driver is drowsy. If the driver is determined to be drowsy, the intervention module activates a thermal grill with interlaced hot and cold regions. This activation causes the hot regions to approach one temperature and the cold regions to approach another. Additionally, this activation leads to an uncomfortable sensation for the driver, alerts the driver, and prevents the driver from getting drowsy.

Abstract: A system for event triggering comprises an interface and a processor. An interface configured to receive a face tracking data and receive a sensor data. The processor configured to determine a degree of drowsiness based at least in part on the face tracking data and the sensor data; in the event that the degree of drowsiness is greater than a first threshold, capture data; and in the event that the degree of drowsiness is greater than a second threshold, provide a warning.

Abstract: A device that causes a driver not to feel passive task-related fatigue by performing interaction with the driver at a time when the driver feeling passive task-related fatigue, thereby promoting safe driving. In particular, phrase “the interaction with the driver” refers to a series of operations viewing quiz data or beat sequence data to the driver, receiving a response, and visually, acoustically, and tactilely informing a result according to the response, and a control of each component for the operation.

Abstract: A fatigue degree input unit inputs a fatigue degree of a user through use of a processing device, and writes an input value of the fatigue degree into a storage device. A recommended duration calculation unit reads the input value of the fatigue degree written by the fatigue degree input unit from the storage device. In accordance with the input value of the fatigue degree read from the storage device, the recommended duration calculation unit calculates a bath duration to be recommended to the user, as a recommended duration, through use of the processing device. A recommended duration informing unit informs the user of the recommended duration calculated by the recommended duration calculation unit, through an output device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to collect biometrically-verified actigraphy data, comprising: obtaining and processing a subject's measured biometric input from a biometric sensor to generate a current biometric signature of the subject; verifying the subject's identity by comparing the current biometric signature to one previously obtained from a database and evaluating a proximity metric of the current biometric signature of the subject to the previously obtained biometric signature from the database; if the subject passes identity verification, obtaining actigraphy data from an actigraphy sensor worn by the subject; at one or more times while obtaining the actigraphy data, repeating the steps of obtaining and processing a subject's measured biometric input from a biometric sensor to generate a current biometric signature of the subject, and verifying the identity of the subject to ensure that the identity of the subject passes the identity verification at the one or more times.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for reducing a vehicle driver's core temperature to offset drowsiness. In one embodiment, a temperature sensor records data describing a vehicle driver core temperature and communicates the data describing the vehicle driver core temperature to a temperature regulator. The temperature regulator determines whether the vehicle driver core temperature is similar to one or more circadian temperatures associated with wakefulness. If the vehicle driver core temperature is similar to a circadian temperature associated with sleep, the temperature regulator reduces the vehicle driver core temperature. In an embodiment the temperature regulator cools a material physically contacting the venous plexuses or arteriovenous anastomoses to cool the portions of the vehicle driver's anatomy which most efficiently cool the vehicle driver.

Abstract: A system for providing a sleep recommendation includes an apparatus for providing a sleep recommendation. The apparatus includes a preferred sleep determination module that determines a preferred sleep duration. The apparatus also includes a sleep debt module that creates and updates a sleep debt based on the preferred sleep duration and an actual sleep duration. In addition, the apparatus includes a sleep recommendation module that provides a recommended sleep duration based on the sleep debt.

Abstract: A method is provided for dismissing or altering a user-configured alarm upon detection of the user's sleep state. The method includes associating an alarm device with the user's body by securing a wearable device to the user's wrist, placing the device in a pocket, integrating the device into the user's clothing such as a belt, or otherwise placing the device in contact with or adjacent to the user. The device includes one or more sensors for detecting physiological and/or environmental parameters such as heart, respiration, or pulse rate, body movements, eye movements, ambient light, and the like. If the user is asleep, the alarm is actuated in a typical manner. If the user is awake, the alarm is suppressed. If the user is neither asleep nor fully awake, the alarm is adjusted to provide an appropriate level of stimulation.

Abstract: A configuration is adopted where elastic members made of expanded rein beads and having a size covering air cushions are disposed between a skin member and the air cushions of a human body supporting device. By arranging a plurality of elastic members made of expanded rein beads and in a stacking manner, preferably, arranging two elastic members made of expanded resin beads, spring constants of the elastic members obtained from load-deflection characteristics when they are pressed to a deflection amount of 1 mm by a pressing plate with a diameter of 30 mm being higher than that of the air cushion and being different from each other, a biological signal can be transmitted to the air cushions without damping the biological signal, though the elastic members made of expanded rein beads and are provided.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for outputting items of information regarding a vehicle, in particular regarding a vehicle function. In order to impart the driver an improved knowledge of the vehicle functions, a first storage device, with which the items of information can be retrievably stored, a first device, with which a workload of the driver can be determined, a second device with which an associated priority can be provided to each item of information, and an output device are provided. If the determined workload undershoots a predeterminable limit workload, the item of information with the highest priority is output via the output device. The second device is embodied and equipped in such a manner, that following outputting of an item of information through the output device, the priority of this item of information is reduced.

Abstract: A hands-free controller, a facial expression management system, a drowsiness detection system and methods for using them are disclosed. The controller monitors facial expressions of the user, monitors motions of the user's body, generates commands for an electronic device based on the monitored facial expressions and body motions, and communicates the commands to the electronic device. Monitoring facial expressions can include sensing facial muscle motions using facial expression sensors. Monitoring user body motions can include sensing user head motions. Facial expression management can includes monitoring user facial expressions, storing monitored expressions, and communicating monitored expressions to an electronic device. Drowsiness detection can include monitoring eye opening of the user, generating an alert when drowsiness is detected, monitoring proper usage of the device, and generating a warning when improper usage is detected.

Abstract: A method, system, device and computer readable medium for adaptively warning a driver includes detecting a behavior of the driver, the behavior including engagement in a secondary activity, which is an activity other than driving a vehicle. Based on the detected behavior, a level of engagement in the secondary activity is estimated, and, based on the estimated level of engagement in the secondary activity, the driver's level of perception of an external hazard is determined. A warning alert for the driver, when the level of perception is below a threshold is actuated. A reaction of the driver to the actuated warning alert is determined. Based on the reaction of the driver to the actuated warning alert, the warning alert is adjusted, and the warning alert is terminated when the level of perception becomes above the threshold because of the reaction of the driver to the actuated warning alert.

Abstract: An illumination device with wake-up and/or fall-asleep functionality is disclosed. The illumination devices comprises at least one controllable light source; a control device for controlling the light source, wherein in a STEADY mode, color and intensity of the output light are maintained constant at a steady colour value and a steady intensity value and in and a WAKE-UP mode, the intensity of the output light is gradually increased from zero to the steady intensity value and in a FALL-ASLEEP mode, the intensity of the output light is gradually decreased from the steady intensity value to zero.

Abstract: A sleep disrupting apparatus disposed in a vehicle includes a processor and at least one vibration generator. The vibration generator is connected to the processor and is located in the vehicle in a position proximate to a passenger such that vibrations generated by the vibration generator are transmitted to the passenger. The processor determines a time index, generates at least three vibration signals consistent with the time index, and transmits the three vibration signals to the at least one vibration generator. The three vibration signals are separated from one another by two time intervals. The two time intervals are not equal to one another.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting drowsy driving that include a controller configured to calculate basic characteristics based on steering torque information and lateral displacement information for every first time and basic thresholds based on the basic characteristics for a second time. In addition, the controller calculates a current characteristic based on the steering torque information and the lateral displacement information for every third time and calculates current thresholds based on the current characteristic for a fourth time. The controller then compares the current thresholds and the current characteristics to determine whether drowsy driving is generated.