Abstract: A map data processing unit includes a batch update section and dynamic update section. A type of update data fed from an update data input section is decided using header information. If the update data is route search data, the batch update section collectively updates all the map data to latest version map data according to the update data from the update data input section. If the update data is not the route search data, the dynamic update section updates the map data to the latest version map data according to the update data every time the map data becomes necessary. Thus performing the collective or dynamic update according to the type of the update data enables the update to the latest map data without affecting the operation speed of a navigation function, with minimizing the time precluding the use of the navigation function.

Abstract: A system and method for tracking a position of a remote vehicle using a telematics system is provided. The system includes a communication terminal for generating and transmitting a remote position track service request signal, and informing the user of vehicle position information; a service providing center for receiving the remote position track service request signal and transmitting a remote position track service signal, and transmitting the vehicle position information; and a telematics terminal having a GPS (Global Positioning System), and receiving the remote position track service request signal, and detecting a vehicle position using the GPS to generate and transmit the vehicle position information to the service providing center.

Abstract: A management system using Global Positioning System receivers for tracking remote units from a central office and quickly and conveniently determining if those remote units have varied from a set of predetermined parameters of operation. The system also includes provisions that allows information to be sent from the remote units to the central office and vice versa. The system also has safety features that promote the rapid dispatch of law enforcement personnel when requests for emergency assistance have been made from the remote units.

Abstract: A server specifies a sending range for meteorological information that it has received, for each type of meteorological information. The server also specifies constitution and size of area meteorological data distributing for each area segment. This will enable the server to provide necessary meteorological information more efficiently. Furthermore, a vehicle-mounted navigation apparatus, or a vehicle, selects and specifies different meteorological information for a corresponding area segment based on present position and route, and specifies the constitution and the size of area meteorological data requesting distribution, by the server. It is expected that this can reduce the data size of meteorological information and prevent unnecessary information from being distributed, enabling savings in communication time and communication charges when data is received.

Abstract: A system to transmit a location of a vehicle, including: a transmission system including, a first system unit configured to determine a current location using radio signals, a first memory unit storing a database that includes a list of one or more mobile devices, a processor configured to select one of the mobile devices from the database, and a first transmission unit configured to transmit the current location to the selected one of the mobile devices in response to an engine of the vehicle being shut off.

Abstract: A management system using Global Positioning System receivers for tracking remote units from a central office and quickly and conveniently determining if those remote units have varied from a set of predetermined parameters of operation. The system also includes provisions that allows information to be sent from the remote units to the central office and vice versa. The system also has safety features that promote the rapid dispatch of law enforcement personnel when requests for emergency assistance have been made from the remote units.

Abstract: A base station is installed in a driver's house or the like where the precise position has been measured beforehand, includes a GPS antenna, a GPS receiver, and a wireless communication device, and functions to transmit various data to a vehicle serving as a moving station in a predetermined range. The vehicle has a GPS antenna, a GPS receiver, and a wireless communication device. When establishing communication between the base station and the moving station, if the current vehicle position generally matches any driving route created and stored in the storage unit earlier, automatic driving control is performed with the matching driving route serving as a target driving route. Conversely, if the current position of the vehicle matches no position on the driving routes created in the past even generally, the storage unit continuously stores the current driving route including the current position, as a new route to the destination.

Abstract: An external index detection unit (105) receives an image sensed by a camera (100), and detects an external index set in a real scene. A tachometer (110) measures the rotational velocities of two rear wheels of a vehicle. A vehicle measurement unit (120) measures the position and azimuth of the vehicle on the basis of the image coordinate position of the external index and the rotational velocities of the two rear wheels of the vehicle. A head index detection unit (135) receives an image sensed by a camera (130), and detects a head index set on the head of a passenger (132). A head measurement unit (140) measures the position of the head on the basis of the image coordinate position of the head index.

Abstract: A method is provided for improved navigation guidance in a portable navigation device (104) having a first navigation operating mode (302) for requesting (318, 324) and receiving (326, 334) routelet data and navigation route data and operating in accordance with the routelet data (332) and a second operation navigation mode (304) for operating in accordance with the navigation route data (338). The method includes in the first navigation operating mode (302), the steps of transmitting a routelet request (318) comprising location data, speed data and direction data, the location, speed and direction data determined (312, 314 316) in response to a present location, a present speed and a present direction of travel, respectively, of the portable navigation device (104), receiving routelet data (326) and operating in accordance with the received routelet data (332).

Abstract: An identification arrangement (IA1) for a vehicle (FZ1) has a vehicle-side transmitting/receiving device (SE1) for receiving an identification signal (IDS) containing an identification code (CO). The identification arrangement also has a control and evaluation device (ST1) for checking the identification code of the identification signal, as well as for outputting a control signal (LSS, ASS) for the purpose of activating a vehicle function device (BL1, HU1) such as a turn signal indicator device if the identification code was recognized as valid, or for prompting the transmitting/receiving device to retransmit the received identification signal if the identification code was recognized as invalid. In this way it is possible for an identification signal transmitted by an identification transmitter, if recognized as invalid by the identification arrangement of the vehicle, to be transmitted to one or more further vehicles in order to be checked there.

Abstract: A public transportation control system controls a suitable distance between public buses traveling on a road with traveling data of the buses through collection of the traveling data of the buses and transmission of transportation information of a target bus based on the traveling data to the target bus, and transmits the transportation information of the bus to respective bus stops on the basis of the collected traveling data of the bus in order to provide guidance of arrival schedule of the bus at the bus stops to passengers waiting for the bus, thereby preventing clumping of the buses and allowing the passengers to efficiently use a bus wait time through guidance of accurate transportation information.

Abstract: A vehicle emergency call device includes a position information receiving unit, a positioning unit, a position information storing unit, and a control unit. The position information receiving unit obtains first position information from a navigation system. The positioning unit obtains second position information by performing computation using positioning assist information received from a GPS satellite. The control unit causes the positioning unit to receive the positioning assist information while the navigation system is activated. The control unit causes the position information storing unit to store one of the first and second position information sets. The control unit transmits the one of the first and second position information sets stored in the position information storing unit through a transmitting unit to a service center for use as an emergency call when a start trigger for starting an emergency call occurs.

Abstract: A method for determining the location of a mobile unit (mobile unit) in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The illustrative embodiment provides a computationally-efficient technique for reducing the number of possible positions that have to be analyzed. In particular, the illustrative embodiment eliminates possible positions for the mobile unit from consideration by considering which signals the mobile unit can—and cannot—receive and the knowledge of where those signals can and cannot be received.

Abstract: A management system using Global Positioning System receivers for tracking remote units from a central office and quickly and conveniently determining if those remote units have varied from a set of predetermined parameters of operation. The system also includes provisions that allows information to be sent from the remote units to the central office and vice versa. The system also has safety features that promote the rapid dispatch of law enforcement personnel when requests for emergency assistance have been made from the remote units.

Abstract: A vehicular electronic key system includes an on-board device that mutually communicates with a portable device, and operates control equipment installed on a vehicle when specific information from the portable device is authenticated. The on-board device includes a distance storage section for storing travel distances of the vehicle, and a warning section for warning that the portable device disappeared when communication was stopped between the on-board device and the portable device. The on-board device communicates with the portable device each time a predetermined distance is travelled, stores the travel distance at each communication time point into the distance storage section, and drives, upon detection that a signal transmitted from the portable device was disrupted, the warning section to warn an undetected region between the last travel distance stored immediately before the transmitted signal was disrupted and a travel distance at a time point at which the transmitted signal was disrupted.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and method capable of providing location information of the other party's moving object in a form of map information. The method for guiding the location of the other party's moving object in the navigation system includes the steps of: selecting an identification information of the other party's navigation system in a user's navigation system, and transmitting a location information request message on the other party's moving object; receiving the location information request message of the other party's moving object at a traffic information center, tracking a location information of the other party's moving object, and transmitting the tracked location information message of the other party's moving object; and receiving the location information message of the other party's moving object at the user's navigation system, matching the location of the other party's moving object with a map information, and display the matched information.

Abstract: Computer-readable media, methods, and systems for computer tactical operation are provided. First computer program code to facilitate a communication with a remote station. Second computer program code to identify from the communication a position of the remote station associated with the communication. Third computer program code to present a map of an area around the position and display a symbol on the map representing the position. Fourth computer program code to present a message interface showing at least a portion of additional content of the communication associated with the position.

Abstract: An action support apparatus displays a destination specification screen for specifying a destination, and receives from the user a specification of a general destination. If a general destination is specified, then the apparatus determines a detailed destination, referencing a knowledge DB. If there is a plurality of detailed destinations with respect to the general destination, then any one of them is set to the user's destination. Next, the apparatus sets the current location as the starting point, and generates a planned route from the starting point to the destination based on a map DB and an internal clock. Furthermore, the apparatus reads a filtering rule from a filtering DB, and extracts as recommended information facility information of facilities suited to the user from a facility information DB. Depending on the filtering rule, it is also acceptable to use user information in a user DB in the extraction of the recommended information.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling access to, and especially protecting against unauthorized attempts to provide input to, e.g., program, or elicit output from, a vehicular or other mobile device (14), such as an electronic control unit (ECU), wherein a determined location of the device (14) or an inputted user acknowledgment provides a basis or an additional basis for allowing or denying the attempt at access.

Abstract: A covert activity monitoring apparatus and conditional response system having a response apparatus comprising a sensor interface and a wireless interface and one or more sensors having a predetermined conditional interrupt that can result in the response apparatus logging an activity for later download and/or transmitting an alarm condition to a remote monitoring system. In addition the remote monitoring system can initiate a locator sequence for the article incorporating the activity monitoring system.

Abstract: An automated, location-based, dynamic notification system comprises a mobile unit hardware device and a control center computer facility with communication capabilities. The mobile unit comprises a position module, a location processor, an action processor, a data module, and an I/O module. The control center comprises a system processor, a communication module, and a master database. The system provides notifications of arriving, approaching, leaving, entering, and any other types of location-related notifications, which are issued in an automatic, unattended manner. The illustrated embodiments of the invention are based on location and thus are used in a dynamic routing situation where both route patterns and stop locations change frequently while the object is moving.

Abstract: A device and method for determining the position for a working part of a machine with a position-determining apparatus is disclosed. A detector is placed at a defined place on the machine to determine the position in a fixed coordinate system. A positional relationship device determines the positional relationship of the working part in relation to the detector in a machine-based coordinate system. A calculating device calculates, with signals from the position-determining apparatus and the positional relationship device, the position of the working part in the fixed coordinate system. The position-determining apparatus comprises an inclination- and orientation-measuring device that measures the instantaneous position and orientation of the position of the machine in the fixed coordinate system.

Abstract: When receiving an incoming call, a portable telephone that receives a search request judges whether or not this incoming call is the search request sent from a second portable telephone, which is a source of the search request. When the portable telephone judges that the incoming call is the search request sent from the second portable telephone, it is judged whether or not the receiving portable telephone is capable of determining its position information. When the portable telephone is incapable of determining its position information, the portable telephone automatically switches to a response hold state and transmits a search response message to the second portable telephone based on information stored in advance. Further, when the portable telephone is capable of determining its position information, the portable telephone determines its position information and transmits the position information to the portable telephone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting conditions that indicate unauthorized usage of a vehicle and for responding to the conditions that indicate the vehicle is being used in an unauthorized or unintended way. A vehicle computer is used to monitor conditions of a driver and unintended usage. The computer is also used to respond to conditions that indicate an unauthorized or unintended vehicle usage has occurred.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for automated notification systems. A representative method, among others, can be summarized by the following steps: monitoring travel data associated with a first personal communications device (PCD); initiating a notification communication session to a plurality of PCDs, the notification communication including a message requesting a response; receiving responses from one or more of the plurality of PCDs; and producing a list of stops for the first PCD, based upon the responses, the lack of responses, or a combination thereof. A representative system, among others, comprises a computer or other automated system that is programmed or designed to perform the foregoing steps.

Abstract: A method for collecting tolls on a high occupancy toll lane includes detecting a number of driver's licenses inserted into a card reader located in a vehicle and transmitting the number of driver's licenses to a roadside transceiver for a determination of a toll amount for the vehicle based on the number of driver's licenses. A transponder for use with the method includes a card reader for reading information from one or more driver's licenses inserted into the card reader and a processor operative to generate a licensed driver count related to the number of driver's licenses inserted into the card reader. In one embodiment, the processor is operative to determine whether or not a driver's license is valid and the licensed driver count is indicative of the number of valid driver's licenses inserted into the card reader.

Abstract: A location-based and preference-based system and method for matching the profiles of the attributes and/or characteristics of persons, places and/or things with the expressed preferences of mobile users such as travelers, to alert and direct such users to any places having attributes matching the user's express preferences. In particular, the system comprises a mobile device such as a GPS-capable PDA that stores the user's preferences and communicates with a server that contains or accesses the profiles of the persons, places or things to compare the profiles and preferences. Comparison of the user's preferences with the various profiles allows the user only to be informed of those persons, places and/or things that it is likely to be interested in. The system and method thus provides for a mobile real-time point of interest exchange network.

Abstract: Response systems and methods are disclosed for communications in connection with an automated computer-based notification system. One representative response method, among others, can be summarized by the following steps: initiating a notification communication to a personal communications device device (e.g., telephone, pager, computer, PDA, etc.) associated with a party; and during the notification communication, receiving a response from the party's personal communications device, indicating that the party associated with the personal communications device has received notice. A representative response system has mechanisms for performing the foregoing steps.

Abstract: An in-vehicle system for tracking events that occur at specific locations of a transportation route and alerting a driver of an impending significant event includes a location determination unit for determining an instantaneous location of the vehicle, and an event determination unit coupled to the location determination unit and responsive to the instantaneous location of the vehicle for communicating with an events database for obtaining an impending traffic sign that the vehicle is about to confront based on the vehicle's instantaneous location. A decision module coupled to the event determination unit is responsive to current parameters of the vehicle for determining whether the current parameters of the vehicle are conducive to safe driving based on the impending event, and a warning unit coupled to the decision module is responsive to at least one current parameter of the vehicle not being conducive to safe driving for alerting the driver of the impending event.

Abstract: Upon providing information from an information center (1) to the user of a navigation apparatus (2) connected via a wireless/wired communication line, the user sets a category used to specify contents that he or she wants to receive, and a service timing of the contents to the user of the navigation apparatus (2) in advance. The information center (1) provides contents, which are extracted from many unspecified contents provided from a contents service center (6) and satisfy the category, to the navigation apparatus (2). The navigation apparatus (2) provides the acquired contents to the user in accordance with the service timing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an operating information control system of a construction machine comprising: operating information collection device for collecting operating information regarding operation of a construction machine; storage device for storing the operating information; and transmission controller for transmitting the operating information read from the storage device to a first receiving device provided except the construction machine through a wireless radio, the transmission controller capable of transmitting the operating information to the first receiving device when receiving a transmission request from outside of the construction machine, or continuously for a predetermined period. Thereby, since the operating information of the construction machine is transmitted making use of a low power wireless radio without using a communication satellite or a public circuit network, lots of communication cost can be reduced.

Abstract: Provides methods, apparatus and system for compressing a large number of continuous location data of moving objects. A large number of continuous location data of moving objects sent from a mobile unit or a locating device are received, these location data are compressed and inserted the compressed location data into a database, so as to solve the problem that the data can not work under a high insertion frequency, and reduce the storage space of continuous locations while maintaining certain location query precision. An example apparatus for compressing the location data of moving objects, comprises: input interface for receiving current location data of a moving continuously; data compressing unit for compressing the location data received via said input interface; and output interface for outputting compressed location data of the moving object.

Abstract: A method and system for sending messages that indicate position. In one embodiment, the message transmission device includes a message transmission unit that is coupled to a position determination system. A server is adapted to receive messages from the message transmission device. In operation, a first message is generated at the message transmission device. The position of the message transmission device is determined and is included in the message. The message is then sent to the server. The server then generates a second message that complies with any instruction indicated in the first message that relates to position. An instruction that relates to position can indicate routing, format, performance of a task, etc. By indicating return routing in the instruction, a user can obtain location in any of a number of desired formats without the need to store extensive databases in the message transmission device.

Abstract: A navigation information updating system G updates navigation information for use in a navigation process executed by navigation apparatus S that navigate respective vehicles. The navigation information updating system G comprises: the navigation apparatus transmitting an identifier Sid associated therewith to an updating center UC; the updating center UC that outputs updated navigation information which is generated on the basis of the transmitted identifier Sid for each associated navigation apparatus S, to a shop SP; and the shop SP that delivers the outputted updated navigation information to the associated navigation apparatus S.

Abstract: An external index detection unit (105) receives an image sensed by a camera (100), and detects an external index set in a real scene. A tachometer (110) measures the rotational velocities of two rear wheels of a vehicle. A vehicle measurement unit (120) measures the position and azimuth of the vehicle on the basis of the image coordinate position of the external index and the rotational velocities of the two rear wheels of the vehicle. A head index detection unit (135) receives an image sensed by a camera (130), and detects a head index set on the head of a passenger (132). A head measurement unit (140) measures the position of the head on the basis of the image coordinate position of the head index.

Abstract: Generally, the present invention automatically monitors the travel of vehicles in response to requests from users at remote locations. In this regard, a user at a remote location submits a vehicle indicator (such as a bus number, for example) and a location indicator (such as a bus stop number, for example) to a data manager at a vehicle tracking system. The data manager automatically retrieves travel data and location data based on the vehicle indicator and the location indicator. The travel data indicates the current location of the vehicle identified by the vehicle value, and the location data represents a location along the vehicle's route of travel. The data manager then compares the travel data and the location data in order to determine whether the vehicle is a predetermined proximity from the location represented by the location data. When the vehicle is a predetermined proximity from the location identified by the location data (i.e.

Abstract: A method for determining the location of a mobile unit (mobile unit) in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The illustrative embodiment provides a computationally-efficient technique for reducing the number of possible positions that have to be analyzed. In particular, the illustrative embodiment eliminates possible positions for the mobile unit from consideration by considering which signals the mobile unit can—and cannot—receive and the knowledge of where those signals can and cannot be received.

Abstract: A radio linked vehicle communication system for text messaging, traffic light control, resource management and traffic monitoring, designed to establish the location of emergency vehicles and related privately owned vehicles within their vicinity and have this information relayed to a third party using conventional electronic devices. Specifically to notify the privately owned vehicle or vehicles in close proximity of an emergency vehicle of their presence, so as to avoid possible accidents and to relay this information to a third party to be recorded and verified. Additional benefits of the system would be the ability of having interrogators, either mobile, aircraft of in a fixed location that could identify and personalize specific vehicles for investigation purposes and to provide a mobile repeater system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to facilitate the locating and tracking of a wireless terminal, which may be advantageously used for E-911 service. The terminal may be directed to transmit a beacon for certain events, such as in connection with a 911 call. The beacon has a specific format known by the wireless network, and may be periodically or continuously transmitted. The beacon may be transmitted using various schemes. In a first scheme, the terminal transmits the beacon only when directed to do so by a designated network entity (e.g., the PSAP). In a second scheme, the terminal transmits the beacon in conjunction with the 911 call, and is thereafter directed to terminate the beacon transmission by the designated network entity. The beacon allows the terminal to be accurately located even if it has moved or is physically located in an enclosed or “not-so-obvious” location.

Abstract: Devices, systems, functional data and methods are provided for biasing an active location to an acceptable location within a planned route of a map. The navigational device with map biasing capabilities includes a processor communicating with a memory. In biasing a map, an active position and a planned position are received, and an active score and a planned score are associated with each position, respectively. The active position is checked to ensure it falls within a second range, and if it does the active score is made to fall within a first range associated with the planned score, such that the active position is biased to appear as if it were the planned position.

Abstract: A location management method manages the location of a member which move around carrying a GPS-equipped portable telephone. The method includes inquiring of the GPS-equipped portable telephone about its current location, making the GPS-equipped portable telephone return positional information of the current location measured by the GPS function, managing the returned positional information of the current location in a file, searching a map database based on the positional information of the current location, and preparing and displaying map data linked with the positional information of the current location.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting uncoupling of a trailer outside a planned uncoupling area. A global positioning system determines the location of the trailer. A vehicle computer coupled to the global positioning system is used to determine whether the trailer has been uncoupled outside a planned uncoupling area.

Abstract: A system for reading license tags on vehicles enables a law enforcement officer to rapidly identify stolen tags, stolen vehicles and expired vehicle registrations. According to the system, law enforcement vehicles are provided with a scanner which is optimally positioned for receiving data stored in a chip which is carried in the annual registration renewal decal attached to the license tag on all automobiles. The scanner communicates with an onboard computer for processing the data captured from one or more automobiles positioned forward of the law enforcement vehicle, either in the same lane or adjacent lanes. The onboard computer communicates with a central law enforcement database server via wireless transmission, for instance by cellular communication and/or GPS satellite communication. Data captured from the license tag decals is matched with records stored on the central database to determine vehicle registration status of all automobiles within scanning view of the law enforcement vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention incorporates fixed radio beacons (TX-F), mobile and portable radio beacons (TX-M), together with vehicle receiver units (RX-M) and/or receiver units (RX-P) carried by pedestrians for all types of warning and assistance messages, or both or either with mobile transceivers (TX/RX-M) for motor cars and other transceivers (TX/RX-P) for pedestrians, the latter for transmitting and receiving similar warning and assistance messages, all being controlled by an operations center (CO) and which has a services network, with elements which are fixed, mobile or portable (SM).

Abstract: Participating vehicles and egress points communicate with each other according to an infrastructure mode. Participating vehicles communicate with other participating vehicles according to an ad-hoc mode. In an infrastructure mode packet transmitting method for a participating vehicle, beacon service table packets, vehicle service table packets, or packet bursts are created and transmitted. In an infrastructure mode packet receiving method for a participating vehicle, beacon service table packets, vehicle service table packets, packet bursts, or negative acknowledgement packets are received. In an infrastructure mode packet transmitting method for an egress point, an enhanced beacon packet or a negative acknowledgement packet is created and transmitted. In an infrastructure mode packet receiving method for an egress point, beacon service table packets, vehicle service table packets, or packets bursts are received.

Abstract: A reporting program and system whereby end users of navigation systems, or other computing platforms that use geographic data to obtain navigation-related or map-related services, can make reports about the geographic data. The reporting program can be used by end users to report perceived errors or inaccuracies in the geographic data. The end users can use their own personal computers, or other computing devices, to access the reporting program over a network, such as the Internet. When an end user accesses the reporting program, the reporting program provides a graphical map image to the end user on the end user's computing platform. The reporting program allows the end user to zoom and pan the graphical map image in order to display an image of the area about which the end user wishes to make a report.

Abstract: Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communications are established based on a database query broadcast to all stations. Stations satisfying the query respond and communications are established with the station(s) responding. The database query is preferably directed to location, status or history of the station being queried. Responding stations may be displayed on a moving map and establishing communications with a responding station can be established by touching an icon of the station on a touch screen display.

Abstract: Devices, systems, functional data and methods are provided for biasing an active location to an acceptable location within a planned route of a map. The navigational device with map biasing capabilities includes a processor communicating with a memory. In biasing a map, an active position and a planned position are received, and an active score and a planned score are associated with each position, respectively. The active position is checked to ensure it falls within a second range, and if it does the active score is made to fall within a first range associated with the planned score, such that the active position is biased to appear as if it were the planned position.

Abstract: An event finder on a remote terminal for finding events such as movies, sports, weather, news and the like through a remote terminal such as a lap top computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) and vehicle navigation system with positioning capability. The event finder includes a display, a data terminal connected to the display for processing data, a navigation system for determining position of a user and a destination, and a transceiver for receiving event data from an event data server through a public communication system. The event data server is a service provider which provides event information including schedules of events to subscribed members of unlimited number. The data terminal associates the event data from the event data server with position information from the navigation system and retrieves event information based on a selection method specified by the user.

Abstract: A system (10) for storing and using information associated with geographic locations of interest to a mobile user comprises a mobile apparatus (100) and a remote apparatus (200). The mobile apparatus accepts and transmits information associated with a mobile user's geographic position. The remote apparatus (200) receives the transmitted information, stores the information along with data indicative of the position and time as a waypoint, and allows the user to retrieve and manipulate waypoints. The system is preferably realized as a vehicle information system (20) that allows a vehicle user to store waypoints descriptive of different locations encountered during travel. Each waypoint includes the geographic position of its corresponding location, the time, and may include appended information such as a voice message or a picture. The waypoints are stored in a remote server accessible from both the vehicle and an auxiliary apparatus such as a standard telephone (310) or a personal computer (330).