Abstract: An antenna for receiving radio signals of at least a first frequency band and a second frequency band includes a grounding unit for providing grounding, a connecting unit electrically connected to a first terminal of the grounding unit, a feeding terminal, formed on the connecting unit, for transmitting the radio signals of the first frequency band and the second frequency band, a first radiating element electrically connected between the connecting unit and a second terminal of the grounding unit, and a second radiating element electrically connected between the connecting unit and a third terminal of the grounding unit. Lengths of signal routes from the feeding terminal through the first radiating element and the second radiating element to the grounding unit are substantially equal to a half wavelength of the radio signals of the first frequency band and a half wavelength of the radio signals of the second frequency band, respectively.

Abstract: A modular wideband antenna element for connection to a feed network. There is a ground plane, and first and second flared fins above the ground plane. The fins each define a connection location that is relatively close to the ground plane and tapering to a free end located farther from the ground plane. The connection location of the first fin is electrically coupled to the feed network and the connection location of the second fin is electrically coupled to the ground plane. There are one or more additional first traces electrically connecting the first fin to the ground plane and one or more additional second traces electrically connecting the second fin to the ground plane.

Abstract: A diplexer may include a diplexer circuit unit including a first branch operating in a first frequency band and a second branch operating in a second frequency band, a static-electricity protection circuit unit connected to at least one of the first branch and the second branch in parallel so as to discharge static electricity flowing in the first or second branch toward an avoidance path, and a compensation circuit unit connected to at least one of the first branch and second branch so as to compensate for degradation caused by the static-electricity protection circuit unit.

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) device for a wireless communication device includes a grounding element, an antenna, a first DC blocking element for cutting off a direct-current (dc) signal route between a grounding terminal of the antenna and the grounding element, a capacitive sensing unit capable of using a radiating element of the antenna to sense an environment capacitance within a specific range, a second DC blocking element electrically connected between the radiating element and the feed-in element for blocking a dc signal path from the radiating element to the feed-in element, and a high-frequency blocking element electrically connected between the radiating element and the capacitive sensing unit for blocking a high-frequency signal path from the radiating element to the capacitive sensing unit.

Abstract: A microstrip antenna includes a substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, a ground plane disposed at the first surface of the dielectric layer, and a conductive layer disposed at the second surface of the substrate. The conductive layer includes a continuous conductive trace comprising a plurality of linear segments arranged in a near-closed polygonal chain. The near-closed polygonal chain can define a truncated square spiral shape. Alternatively, the near-closed polygonal chain can define one of a near-closed pentagonal shape, a near-closed hexagonal shape, a near-closed heptagonal shape, and a near-closed octagonal shape.

Abstract: A multi-band built-in antenna of a portable terminal is provided. The antenna includes a first antenna radiator on a front surface of a substrate (e.g., a main board), and a second antenna radiator on an opposite surface of the substrate. The substrate has ground surfaces on both sides separated from a non-ground area on which the radiators are disposed. The first radiator may be in the form of a Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA), with a first end branched off into two parts, one part used for power feeding and the other part electrically coupled to the ground surface. The first radiator has a portion that extends from the first end to an opposite end. The second radiator is continuous from the opposite end of the first radiator through a via (hole) in the main board.

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a circuit substrate on which sheets are laminated, a wireless IC element provided on the sheet, a radiator provided on the sheet, and a loop-shaped electrode defined by first planar conductors, via hole conductors, and one side of the radiator, coupled to the wireless IC element. The first planar conductors are coupled to the radiator and the second planar conductors by auxiliary electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an internal, multiband antenna element concealed within a portable communication device. The antenna element operates in at least three frequency bands and includes geometric elements arranged to define empty spaces in the antenna element to provide at least three winding current paths through the antenna element which circumvent the empty spaces, the at least three winding current paths respectively corresponding to the at least three frequency bands to provide the antenna element with multi-band behavior, wherein each of two or more of the geometric elements is traversed by the at least three winding current paths. The apparatus further includes a ground plane, with the antenna element being electrically coupled to the ground plane. The geometric elements are arranged such that the antenna element does not comprise a group of single band antennas that respectively operate in the at least three frequency bands.

Abstract: An antenna assembly for a computing device is disclosed. The antenna assembly includes a first radiating element coupled to a feed point and a first ground point of a printed circuit board, and a second radiating element coupled to a second ground point of the printed circuit board. The first radiating element is positioned adjacent to the printed circuit board so as to form a first gap that extends between the first radiating element and the printed circuit board along at least a portion of the length of the first radiating element. The second radiating element is positioned adjacent to the printed circuit board so as to form a second gap that extends between the second radiating element and the printed circuit board along at least a portion of the length of the second radiating element. The two radiating elements are spaced apart by a third gap.

Abstract: A broadband antenna is mounted aside a metal electronic element and includes a feeding portion, a first connecting portion, a second connecting portion, a coupling portion, and a ground portion. The first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are both connected perpendicular to the feeding portion. The coupling portion is spaced from the first radiating portion and the second connecting portion. The ground portion is connected perpendicular to a middle portion of the coupling portion and adjacent to the metal electronic element. These portions cooperatively use a low frequency mode and a high frequency mode. The ground portion increases an inductance performance of the broadband antenna, thereby decreasing interference caused by the metal electronic elements. A wireless communication device employing the broadband antenna is also disclosed.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a conductive ground pattern formed on a planar substrate and a linear antenna element electrically connected with the ground pattern. The antenna element includes a base end portion, a front end portion, and a feeding point. The antenna element is parallel to the substrate, and the base end portion is connected with an end portion of the ground pattern so that the antenna element is away from the ground pattern. An auxiliary ground pattern having the same potential with the ground pattern is disposed on the substrate between the ground pattern and the antenna element along a side including the end portion.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a silicon-based suspending antenna with photonic bandgap structure, which includes a silicon substrate, an electrode layer, a spacing part and an F-shaped structure. The silicon substrate has a first side surface and a second side surface oppositing to the first surface. The electrode layer has a flat part, a first base and at least one second base, in which one side of the flat part has a notch, the first base, the second base and the notch are separately disposed on the second side surface and essentially parallel to the longitudinal edge of the second side surface, the first base has a main body and an extension, and the extension extends from the main body and into the notch. The F-shaped structure has a longitudinal part disposed on the spacing part and is parallel to the second side surface.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided that contain wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and antennas. An antenna may have an antenna ground that is configured to form a cavity for the antenna. The antenna ground may be formed on a support structure. The antenna ground may have an opening. The support structure may have a planar surface on which the opening is formed. A folded monopole antenna resonating element and an L-shaped conductive antenna element may be formed in the opening and may be capacitively coupled. The folded monopole antenna resonating element may have an end at which a positive antenna feed terminal is formed. A ground antenna feed terminal may be formed on the antenna ground. A segment of the antenna ground may extend between the ground antenna feed terminal and an end of the L-shaped conductive antenna element.

Abstract: Methods and systems for radiating electromagnetic energy with a direct-feed patch antenna are described. The direct-feed patch antenna may be formed of a metal member of the user device and is grounded to the ground plane at a ground point disposed in relation to a feed location of the direct-feed patch antenna, the feed location to be directly coupled to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal. The direct-feed patch antenna is configured to radiate electromagnetic energy in response to the RF signal.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an actuating substrate and an antenna in contact with the actuating substrate, the actuating substrate configured to undergo strain during actuation, wherein the strain in the actuating substrate varies the dimensions of the in-contact antenna and causes a change in the operational characteristics of the antenna.

Abstract: A dual-band antenna including a ground plane, a first resonating plate that resonates in a first frequency band, a first shorting plate that shorts the first resonating plate to the ground plane, a second resonating plate that resonates in a second frequency band, with the second resonating plate raised above the first resonating plate with respect to the ground plane, and a second shorting plate that shorts the second resonating plate to the first resonating plate. Also, a dual-stack dual-band MIMO antenna comprising four dual-band antennas arranged in a square or rectangular pattern.

Abstract: A method of reading an RFID tag using an RFID reader includes providing an RF-blocking enclosure having a port. The RFID reader has an antenna located within the enclosure. The enclosure is positioned so that the port is adjacent to a conductive surface and the RFID tag is within the enclosure. The RFID reader is activated at a selected read power level to read the tag in the enclosure.

Abstract: A metal frame antenna includes a grounding part, a first antenna, and a second antenna. The metal frame antenna is assembled in a side of a display panel. The display panel is assembled with a metal backplane through the metal frame antenna. The assembly of a display having the metal frame antenna is easier. The volume of the display having the metal frame antenna is reduced. Moreover, the metal frame antenna having the first antenna and the second antenna is used as a multi-frequency antenna. The metal backplane is used for grounding. Therefore, the transmission efficiency of the metal frame antenna is better.

Abstract: In a microstrip antenna in which a ground conductor is provided to be opposed to patch conductors, wedge shapes angled to intersect with an antenna polarization plane are provided at edges of the ground conductor in a repeated manner.

Abstract: Handheld electronic devices are provided that contain wireless communications circuitry having at least first and second antennas. An antenna isolation element reduces signal interference between the antennas, so that the antennas may be used in close proximity to each other. A planar ground element may be used as a ground by the first and second antennas. The first antenna may be formed using. a hybrid planar-inverted-F and slot arrangement in which a planar resonating element is located above a rectangular slot in the planar ground element. The second antenna may be formed from an L-shaped strip. The planar resonating element of the first antenna may have first and second arms. The first arm may resonate at a common frequency with the second antenna and may serve as the isolation element. The second arm may resonate at approximately the same frequency as the slot portion of the hybrid antenna.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device may be provided that contains wireless communications circuitry. The handheld electronic device may have a housing and a display. The display may be attached to the housing using a conductive bezel. The handheld electronic device may have one or more antennas for supporting wireless communications. A ground plane in the handheld electronic device may serve as ground for one or more of the antennas. The ground plane and bezel may define an opening. A rectangular slot antenna or other suitable slot antenna may be formed from or within the opening. One or more antenna resonating elements may be formed above the slot. An electrical switch that bridges the slot may be used to modify the perimeter of the slot so as to tune the communications bands of the handheld electronic device.

Abstract: A radio signal receiving system for providing a signal to a transceiver includes a signal retrieving module and a signal processing module. The signal retrieving module retrieves a radio signal through one of a conducting wire in an electrical outlet, a conducting wire in a vehicular cigarette lighter, and a metallic vehicular casing. The radio signal receiving system operates without any conventional self-contained antenna and includes a radio signal receiving carrier which is either made from a conventional conducting wire or made of a metal to thereby enhance the efficiency of signal reception.

Abstract: Antenna structures of electronic devices and methods of operating the electronic devices with the antenna structures are described. One apparatus includes a RF feed coupled to a split-feed antenna element of an antenna structure. The antenna structure also includes a parasitic grounding element coupled to a ground plane. The split-feed antenna element is configured to operate as a feeding structure to the parasitic grounding element that is not conductively connected to the RF feed.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a ground plane including at least one slot, a first antenna element coupled to a first portion of the ground plane, a second antenna element coupled to a second portion of the ground plane which is spaced apart from the first portion and a tuner configured to change the influence of the slot to a current flow through the ground plane from the first portion to the second portion.

Abstract: An accessory for remote monitoring, including: a body capable of being placed on a human body; a measurement unit installed in the body and measuring a change in surroundings; a signal processing unit for processing a signal acquired from the measurement unit; and a wireless communication unit including a monopole antenna transmitting the signal processed by the signal processing unit and a ground installed along the body, corresponding to the monopole antenna. The signal processing unit and the monopole antenna are manufactured in a small size to be formed in the accessories body or periphery of the accessories body, and a space for wiring the ground may be obtained by using a band or the accessories body in an extended shape.

Abstract: Various mobile communication terminals and methods having antenna improvements are discussed. One mobile communication terminal is described which includes an outer front side with a display, an outer rear side having conductive and non-conductive parts, a battery, and an antenna including a radiation unit, part of which is located between the outer front side and the non-conductive part of the outer rear side, a feeding unit which electrically connects the radiation unit to a circuit board, and a ground part which is connected to the conductive part of the outer rear side, electrically connects the radiation unit to the conductive part of the outer rear side, and is separated from the feeding unit by a space.

Abstract: A wireless receiver including a dipole antenna and a circuit board, wherein high directivity characteristics can be acquired for wireless signals is provided. The wireless receiver includes a balanced feed antenna and a circuit board arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction of the aforementioned balanced feed antenna. A conductive pattern formed on the aforementioned circuit board is composed of two or more partial patterns arranged with a gap interposed therebetween. The gap is formed at a position in between both ends of the aforementioned balanced feed antenna.

Abstract: Handheld electronic devices are provided that contain wireless communications circuitry having at least one antenna. The antenna may have a planar ground element and a planar resonating element. The planar ground element may have a rectangular shape that matches a rectangular housing shape for a handheld electronic device. A dielectric-filled slot may be formed in one end of the planar ground element. The planar resonating element may be located above the slot. The antenna may be a hybrid antenna that contains both a slot antenna structure formed from the slot and a planar inverted-F structure formed from the planar resonating element and the planar ground element. The antenna may be fed using a single transmission line or two transmission lines. With two transmission lines, one transmission line may be associated with the slot antenna structure and one transmission line may be associated with the planar inverted-F antenna structure.

Abstract: Antennas for electronic devices are provided. First and second antennas may be mounted within an electronic device. Free-space coupling between the first and second antennas may give rise to interference. The first and second antennas may be coupled to a global ground. The global ground may be formed using a conductive member in the electronic device such as a conductive frame member. Signals that pass between the antennas through the global ground may serve as canceling signals that reduce the magnitude of free-space interference signals and thereby improve antenna isolation. The antennas may be coupled to the global ground using electrical paths or through near-field electromagnetic coupling. Coupling efficiency to the global ground may be enhanced by configuring the conductive traces of one or both of the antennas to form a resonant circuit.

Abstract: Handheld electronic devices are provided that contain wireless communications circuitry having at least first and second antennas. An antenna isolation element reduces signal interference between the antennas, so that the antennas may be used in close proximity to each other. A planar ground element may be used as a ground by the first and second antennas. The first antenna may be formed using. a hybrid planar-inverted-F and slot arrangement in which a planar resonating element is located above a rectangular slot in the planar ground element. The second antenna may be formed from an L-shaped strip. The planar resonating element of the first antenna may have first and second arms. The first arm may resonate at a common frequency with the second antenna and may serve as the isolation element. The second arm may resonate at approximately the same frequency as the slot portion of the hybrid antenna.

Abstract: An antenna for enhancing characteristic of a beam with reducing PIMD is disclosed. The antenna includes a reflection plate, at least one first choke member disposed on one side of the reflection plate, an insulated member disposed between the reflection plate and the first choke member, thereby separating the first choke member from the reflection plate, wherein the insulated member is an insulator, and a connection member configured to connect electrically the first choke member to the reflection plate through the insulated member, wherein the connection member is a conductor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of interlocking spacers that may be used for suspending transmission lines of a feed network between electrically-conducting ground planes of an antenna assembly. Also disclosed are exemplary embodiments of antenna assemblies including such interlocking spacers. An exemplary embodiment of an antenna assembly generally includes a feed network including one or more transmission lines, a first ground plane, and a second ground plane spaced apart from the first ground plane with a space therebetween. At least one pair of spacers is configured to be interlocked to one another when positioned on opposite sides of a substrate including the transmission lines of the feed network. The spacers are operable for suspending the transmission lines in the space between the ground planes.

Abstract: A wireless explosion-proof apparatus includes an antenna, an explosion-proof chamber, a communication module disposed in the explosion-proof chamber, the communication module configured to transmit and receive a wireless signal through the antenna, a connector portion having a central conductor, to which the antenna is electrically connected, the central conductor having one end connected to the communication module through a connection line and the other end exposed to the outside of the explosion-proof chamber, and a short stub module disposed in the explosion-proof chamber and disposed on the connection line, the short stub module configured to secure electric conduction between the one end of the central conductor and a ground so as to keep potential of the central conductor at certain potential.

Abstract: Antenna structures of electronic devices and methods of operating the electronic devices with the antenna structures are described. One apparatus includes a RF feed coupled to a first element and a second element of an antenna structure. The antenna structure also includes a parasitic grounding element coupled to a ground plane and is interleaved with the first element and second element to form at least a dual coupling with respect to the RF feed. The first element and second element are configured to operate as a feeding structure to a parasitic grounding element that is not conductively connected to the RF feed.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.

Abstract: A patch antenna system with improved multipath resistance includes a top antenna assembly and a bottom antenna assembly. Each antenna assembly includes a radiator patch and a ground plane separated by a dielectric medium. The radiator patch on the top antenna assembly is excited by an exciter and an excitation circuit. The bottom antenna assembly is electromagnetically coupled to the top antenna assembly. The resonant frequency of the bottom antenna assembly is approximately equal to the resonant frequency of the top antenna assembly. Electromagnetic fields induced in the bottom antenna assembly are in opposite phase to the electromagnetic fields excited in the top antenna assembly. Amplitudes of electromagnetic fields induced in the bottom antenna assembly are subtracted from amplitudes of electromagnetic fields excited in the top antenna assembly, and multipath signals are suppressed. Single band and dual band antenna systems suitable for global navigation satellite systems can be implemented.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to an antenna arrangement comprising a ground element, and a first branch comprising a first inductor loading (L1) and a second inductor loading (L2). The antenna arrangement further comprises a second branch connected to the ground element via a feeding point, a third branch comprising a third inductor loading (L3) and a first grounding pin connected to the first branch. A first conductor loading (C1) is arranged between the first branch and the second branch. A second conductor loading (C2) is arranged between the second branch and the third branch. And the second branch is connected to the first branch via the first conductor loading (C1) and the second branch is connected to the third branch via the second conductor loading (C2).

Abstract: A wideband antenna for a radio transceiver device includes a first radiating element for transmitting and receiving wireless signals of a first frequency band, a second radiating element for transmitting and receiving wireless signals of a second frequency band, a grounding unit, a shorting unit having one end electrically connected to the first radiating element and the second radiating element, and another end electrically connected to the grounding unit, and a feeding board including a first feeding metal plane for transmitting wireless signals of the first frequency band and the second frequency band, a second feeding metal plane electrically connected to the second radiating element, and a metal strip electrically connected between the first radiating element and the second radiating element.

Abstract: The Loop-Slot Antenna design provides a large range of tunable frequencies for transceiving while maintaining a small profile perfect for mounting on vehicles or other objects where a large antenna is impractical or infeasible. As compared with known vertical polarization antennas that have considerable height, for instance quarter-wave and half-wave vertical stubs of h=?/4 or h=?/2, the antenna of this invention has height of h=?/100.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible transparent heating element using graphene and a method for manufacturing the same. The heating element comprises a flexible transparent substrate; a graphene layer formed to at least one side of the flexible transparent substrate; and an electrode connected with the graphene layer.

Abstract: Array packages and methods for forming large-scale antenna arrays. One method includes aligning two or more array packages. The two or more array packages each include one or more bottom dielectric layers, an array of antennas arranged in a plane above the one or more bottom dielectric layers, a ground plane layer above the one or more bottom dielectric layers, and a conductive surface on at least a part of an outside surface of the array package and orthogonal to the plane of the array of antennas. The conductive surface is electrically connected to the ground plane layer.

Abstract: A partial discharge detection device for detecting and measuring partial discharges in electric systems or components, which delivers signals having a form much resembling that of the radiated pulse, for improved identification and analysis. The device is of small size, totally insulated and self-powered, and allows measurements to be performed with the highest safety with no need for direct connection, thereby allowing operators to stand at a distance and avoid any system shutdown while making measurements. Furthermore, it can also detect and deliver the sync signal, which is obtained by picking up the supply voltage of the discharge generating components.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems that use one or more composite left and right handed (CRLH) metamaterial structures in processing and handling electromagnetic wave signals. Antenna, antenna arrays and other RF devices can be formed based on CRLH metamaterial structures. The described CRLH metamaterial structures can be used in wireless communication RF front-end and antenna sub-systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dual band antenna, in particular for satellite navigation applications, comprising a multilayer structure that is provided with an upper first antenna element (12) for receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency in a first frequency band, a lower second antenna element (16) arranged below the first antenna element (12) for receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency in a second frequency band, two electrically conductive ground layers (20,28), a first and a second one, that are arranged one above the other and that are arranged in turn below the lower second antenna element (16), and a conducting-path layer (24) having at least one first conductive path (30,32) for electromagnetically coupling with the first antenna element (12) and having at least one second conductive path (34,36) for electromagnetically coupling with the second antenna element (16).

Abstract: A distributed comb tapped multiband antenna structure includes a PIFA-like antenna radiator having tap structures, and a counterpoise to the antenna radiator, wherein the tap structures include shunt connections to the counterpoise. A second antenna radiator is collinear and opposing the antenna radiator while sharing the counterpoise in common with the antenna radiator, such that the antenna structure is configured as a balanced dipole. The antenna structure can be contained internally within a single device housing and can operate over multiple frequency bands. The antenna provides high performance over a considerable bandwidth within each of the multiple frequency bands of operation, even where the frequency bands are not harmonically related.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal antenna providing impedance matching for a wide band where a feeding patch is placed on a substrate. The disclosed antenna may include: a substrate; an impedance matching/feeding unit including a feeding patch, which is formed on the substrate and electrically connected to a feeding point, and a ground patch, which is electrically connected to a ground and formed above the feeding patch separated at a designated distance from the feeding patch; and a radiator formed extending from the ground patch, where the impedance matching/feeding unit performs impedance matching by way of coupling between the feeding patch and the ground patch, and the radiator receives coupling feeding from the feeding patch. The disclosed antenna has the advantages of overcoming the narrow band problem of a planar inverted-F antenna, and of allowing more efficient utilization of space in an internal antenna for a wide band using coupling matching and coupling feeding.

Abstract: The dual-band MIMO antenna system includes antenna elements arranged on a printed circuit board. For the plurality of antennas on the board, the opposing antennae are arranged in mirror-image fashion. Each antenna has a first elongate vertical element connected to and extending vertically from one end of a horizontal element. A second, shorter elongate vertical element is disposed proximate an opposite end of the horizontal element and extends upward therefrom in parallel with the first elongate member. First (feed) and second (short) stubby vertical elements are disposed on the horizontal element proximate the second elongate member and extend downward from the horizontal element. A ground plane is formed on the opposite face of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A directional slot antenna comprises a radiating component coupled to a reflector. A reflector spacing gap or cavity between the radiating component and the reflector has a height which is less than a predetermined height of a free-space reflector spacing cavity associated with desired gains for frequencies of interest. A dielectric material insert is positioned within the reflector spacing cavity and fills or partially fills the cavity. The reduced-height cavity including the dielectric material insert provides an increased electrical separation between the radiating component and the reflector that corresponds to the predetermined height of the free-space reflector spacing cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an omni-directional ultra-wide band antenna including at least two metallic members (14, 15, 16) provided opposite an earth plane (11) and distributed about a symmetry axis (AA) perpendicular to the earth plane (11) and at the centre of the antenna, characterised in that the metallic members (14-16) each have a narrow quasi punctual geometry at their base that flares along the symmetry axis (BB) of said metallic members (14-16) in the direction of the upper end thereof, and in that said metallic members (14-16) are oriented in a direction extending from a common point (18) of said metallic members and opposite the earth plane (11).

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided that contain wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may include antenna structures that are formed from an internal ground plane and a peripheral conductive housing member. A conductive path may be formed that connects the peripheral conductive housing member and the internal ground plane. The conductive path may include a flex circuit. A metal structure may be welded to the peripheral conductive housing member. A solder pad and other traces in the flex circuit may be soldered to the metal structure at one end of the conductive path. At the other end of the conductive path, the flex circuit may be attached to the ground plane using a bracket, screw, and screw boss.