Abstract: The present invention provides a display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The display substrate comprises a base substrate, and gate lines, data lines, a gate driving circuit and a source driving circuit on the base substrate, the gate lines and the data lines define pixel units, the pixel unit comprises a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode, the data lines are connected to the source driving circuit, the display substrate further comprising gate line connection wires on the base substrate, the gate lines are connected to the gate driving circuit through the gate line connection wires, the gate driving circuit and the source driving circuit are located at edge positions on the base substrate in an extending direction of the data lines, and they are opposite to each other. The widths of the bezel in the extending direction of the gate lines are reduced.

Abstract: A pixel array substrate includes a substrate, first signal lines, second signal lines, active elements, pixel electrodes, selection lines, a driving unit, and metal lines. Each selection line is intersected with the first signal lines to form a first intersection and second intersections. Each selection line is electrically connected to the first signal line at the first intersection and electrically insulated to the first signal lines at the second intersections. Each selection line has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is overlapped with the first signal line at the first intersection and separated from the second portion by a gap. The driving unit is electrically connected to the second signal lines and the first portions of the selection lines. Each metal line is overlapped with one of the gaps.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnification device for use by blind and/or low vision individuals. The device includes an X-Y table upon which an item to be magnified can be placed. A stationary camera arm and a pivotal monitor arm are oriented over the X-Y table. The monitor arm includes a video monitor pivotally mounted at its distal end. The camera arm also includes two laterally disposed lighting arms. A series of controls are provided along a lower edge of the monitor via a mounting bracket.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a display apparatus includes a substrate having wiring lines formed by a conductor film including signal and scanning lines arranged in columns and rows, and a matrix of pixels, and includes a light-emitting material interposed between an anode and cathode electrode and a first and second uneven zone are between the anode electrode of the pixel and an adjacent pixel. The first uneven zone is formed on the substrate due to level differences resulting from the presence of the scanning lines. The second uneven zone is formed on the substrate also due to level differences resulting from the presence of the scanning lines. A pattern of the conductor film of which the wiring lines are made is formed so part of recessed portions of the first uneven zone are located behind their corresponding raised portions of the second uneven zone, as viewed from inside the pixel.

Abstract: A driving method of a plasma display device according to an exemplary embodiment groups a plurality of address electrodes extending in a first direction into a plurality of groups, and logically divides each of the groups into a plurality of sub-groups. During a first period, a first pulse is sequentially applied to the plurality of groups, and a second pulse is sequentially applied to the plurality of sub-groups included in at least one of the plurality of groups during a second period following the first period. The first and second periods are address periods for sensing in a second direction crossing the first direction.

Abstract: Crosstalk between adjacent discharge cells is reduced for a stable sustain discharge. A plasma display panel has scan electrodes and sustain electrodes arranged so that the positions of the corresponding scan electrode and sustain electrode are alternately interchanged in each display electrode pair, and image signal processing circuit converts an image signal into image data indicating light emission and no light emission in each discharge cell in each subfield. The image signal processing circuit generates the image data so that a combination of image data is avoided. One of two adjacent discharge cells having side-by-side scan electrodes is lit and the other of the discharge cells is unlit in one subfield of a plurality of subfields forming one field, and the one of the discharge cells is unlit and the other of the discharge cells is lit in a subfield after the one subfield in the same field.

Abstract: A plasma display device that can utilize an energy recovery voltage regardless of whether pixels are selected. An energy recovery circuit of the plasma display device includes first and second switches serially coupled between a first voltage source and a second voltage source, a third switch coupled to a connection point between the first and second switches, a voltage recovery capacitor coupled between the third switch and a base voltage source, and a precharger for charging the voltage recovery capacitor.

Abstract: A method and a circuit for controlling a power recovery stage of a plasma display panel including a resonant circuit of at least one inductive element and one capacitive element, wherein the capacitive element is precharged to half a supply voltage of the display panel.

Abstract: A driving circuit of a data electrode is provided which includes a drive controlling unit, a first driving transistor and a second driving transistor. The drive controlling unit compares a previous data signal and a present data signal in response to an energy recovery enable signal and outputs a first driving signal and a second driving signal, which correspond to the comparison result. The first driving transistor transmits an address driving signal to an output node connected to the data electrode in response to the first driving signal. The second driving transistor transmits a reference voltage to the output node in response to the second driving signal.

Abstract: A plasma display device, which gradually increases the current to the panel capacitors is disclosed. The display uses an inductor to reduce the current spike which would otherwise occur and create large electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: The plasma display device has a display panel having first and second display electrodes and address electrodes, an electrode drive circuit, and a drive control circuit for controlling the electrode drive circuit. The drive control circuit performs a reset drive control, address drive control and sustain drive control in each subfield. The drive control circuit performs an all cell reset drive control which resets all cells in a first subfield out of the plurality of subfields, and an ON cell reset drive control which resets ON cells in a second subfield. At a first temperature T1, an ultimate potential of an slope pulse of the first display electrode is controlled to be a first potential in the ON cell reset drive control, and at a second temperature T2>T1, the ultimate potential is controlled to be a second potential higher than the first potential.

Abstract: A pixel has an outer region extending linearly along a boundary with an adjacent pixel and an inner region extending along the inner side of the outer region. Wiring lines are arranged across the outer region and the inner region. An outer uneven zone is formed along the outer region and on a substrate due to level differences resulting from the presence of the wiring lines. Similarly, an inner uneven zone is formed along the inner region and on the substrate due to level differences resulting from the presence of the wiring lines. A pattern of a conductor film of which the wiring lines are made is formed properly such that recessed portions of the outer uneven zone are located directly behind their corresponding raised portions of the inner uneven zone, as viewed from inside the pixel.

Abstract: A plasma display device having a first diode with an anode coupled to an electrode. A first switch is coupled between a cathode of the first diode and a first voltage source that supplies a first voltage. A first inductor and a second switch are coupled in series between a power recovery capacitor and the cathode of the first diode, and a third switch is coupled between the anode of the first diode and a second voltage source that supplies a second voltage lower than the first voltage.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and method of driving the plasma display apparatus are described. The plasma display apparatus has a plasma display panel that has a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The plasma display apparatus also includes a first driver, a second driver and a third driver. The first driver supplies to the first electrode a first signal that decreases gradually from a first voltage to a second voltage during a setdown period of a reset period. The third driver supplies to the third electrode a third signal that increases from a third voltage to a fourth voltage during the setdown period of the reset period.

Abstract: Sustain pulses are alternately applied to a pair of display electrodes of discharge cells provided in a plasma display panel (PDP) to generate a sustain discharge to display an image on the PDP. The sustain pulses include two-crests discharge voltage waveforms having a first maximum and second maximum values, in which discharges are generated twice in a half cycle. After applying a sustain pulse having a one-crest discharge voltage waveform to a pair of display electrodes, a predetermined number of sustain pulses of two-crests discharge voltage waveforms are consecutively applied. A time, from applying a second sustain pulse of a two-crests discharge voltage waveform to clamping a voltage of the second sustain pulse to the second maximum value, is made longer than a time, from applying a first sustain pulse of a two-crests discharge voltage waveform to clamping a voltage of the first sustain pulse to the second maximum value.

Abstract: A plasma display panel driving method and a plasma display apparatus are disclosed in which a suitable address discharge can be performed at a next scanning timing by reducing voltage changes in a sustain electrode and a scan electrode caused by a change of an address pulse when the address pulse is applied to an address electrode at a scanning timing. The plasma display panel driving method drives a plasma display panel which includes plural scan electrodes extending in a first direction and plural address electrodes extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. In the method, a negative polarity scan pulse is applied to a scan electrode, a positive polarity address pulse is applied to an address electrode from an address electrode driving circuit, and an address discharge is generated.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus, a computer readable medium and the like in which a dither effect in a neighborhood of a highlight area can be obtained easily and certainly. For this purpose, an image processing apparatus includes an inputting unit which inputs a pixel signal group representing a field image, an averaging unit (21-2 and 21-3) which performs a processing having an averaging effect among the pixel signal group input by the inputting unit, and an irregularizing unit (21-4) which irregularizes mutually continuous signal-values at least near a saturated level among the pixel signal group after having been processed by the averaging unit, into discontinuous signal-values.

Abstract: A plasma display device and a method of driving the same, capable of reducing or preventing the deterioration of components such as a switching device, due to an overcurrent. In a reset period, in order to cause the voltage of a scan electrode to ramp down from a first voltage to a second voltage, a panel driver includes a falling ramp switch that repeats turn-on/turn-off operations, alternately coupling and de-coupling a low-level power supply to the scan electrode, resulting in a gradually falling ramp waveform. A switch controller generates a switching pulse to control the falling ramp switch. Each turn-on time of the switching pulse for the initial falling ramp waveform following a power-on of the plasma display device is controlled to be shorter than each turn-on time of the switching pulse for other falling ramp waveform.

Abstract: The present invention sufficiently reduces unwanted radiation in a plasma display panel (PDP) display device. The display device includes a PDP having a pair of electrodes, a first, a second, and a third conductive member, and a pair of driving circuits used to apply a voltage to their respective electrodes. Each conductive member has substantially the same width and height as the PDP, and the first, second, third conductive members are disposed on the rear surface of the PDP, in this order on the rear side of the PDP. The PDP and the conductive members are connected electrically to one another in the end portions of these elements, either directly or via the driving circuits, so that the direction of the current flowing in the PDP during driving and discharge coincides with the direction of the current flowing in the third conductive member, and is opposite from the direction of the current flowing in the first conductive member and the second conductive member.

Abstract: A plasma display panel and a plasma display apparatus are disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate including a scan electrode and a sustain electrode positioned parallel to each other, an upper dielectric layer positioned on the scan and sustain electrodes, a rear substrate on which an address electrode is positioned to intersect the scan and sustain electrodes, a lower dielectric layer positioned on the address electrode, a barrier rib positioned between the front substrate and the rear substrate to partition a discharge cell, and a phosphor layer positioned inside the discharge cell. The upper dielectric layer includes a glass-based material and a blue pigment. The phosphor layer includes a phosphor material and MgO material.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of driving the same are disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plurality of scan electrodes, a plurality of data electrodes, a scan driver and a data driver. The scan driver scans the plurality of scan electrodes during an address period in one scanning type of a plurality of scanning types having different scanning orders. Further, the scan driver supplies a scan signal, of which the duration of a voltage rising period is different from the duration of a voltage falling period, to the scan electrodes when scanning the scan electrodes. The data driver supplies a data signal to the data electrodes depending on the scanning type selected from the plurality of scanning types.

Abstract: A panel driving method has, in one filed time period, an all-cell initializing subfield for causing initializing discharge in all discharge cells for displaying an image in the initializing period, and a selection initializing subfield for selectively causing initializing discharge in the discharge cell that has caused sustaining discharge in the last subfield in the initializing period. The number of all-cell initializing subfields can be increased and decreased, and the initializing voltage for causing initializing discharge in the all-cell initializing subfield can be varied. At least one of the number of all-cell initializing subfields and the initializing voltage of the all-cell initializing subfields in one field is controlled based on the accumulation of the panel power-on time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display apparatus including a sustain driving apparatus that supplies a sustain signal to a panel. The plasma display apparatus includes a panel in which a front substrate having formed first and second electrodes therein and a rear substrate are coalesced, a sustain driver including a first switch for applying a first voltage to any one of the first and second electrodes and a second switch for applying a second voltage, and a circuit protection unit that controls one of the first and second switches, which has a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage, at its both ends, not to turn on. According to the present invention, when a voltage at both ends of the switch included in the sustain driving apparatus in order to supply the sustain signal is higher than a reference voltage, the switch is controlled not to turn on.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for power level control of a display device and an apparatus for carrying out the method. Classically, a power level mode defining a subfield organization to be used for subfield coding is selected as a function of the average power level of the picture to be displayed for keeping constant the power consumption of the display device. According to the invention, it is proposed to select the power level mode as a function of the input frame frequency in such a way as to have as little as possible deviations from nominal peak white and full white values at the same time that an overloading of the panel power supply is prevented. More particularly, the number of sustain pulses within the video frame and selected by the power level mode is modified as a function of the input frame frequency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for power level control of a display device and an apparatus for carrying out the method. Classically, the contrast/brightness control and the power management (based on an average power level control) are made independently. These two controls can be contradictory. According to the invention, the power level mode and more particularly the number of sustain pulses within the video frame is selected as a function of the average power level (APL) of the picture to be displayed and the picture control signal representing the desired contrast and/or brightness value.

Abstract: The plasma display device includes connecting means for connecting the X/Y electrodes of the plasma display panel and the X/Y electrode drive circuits. In the X electrode pattern and the Y electrode pattern on the printed board in the connecting means, a current path connecting the center electrodes of the plasma display panel and the X electrode drive circuit or Y electrode drive circuit is longer than a current path connecting the peripheral electrodes and the X electrode drive circuit or Y electrode drive circuit. The current paths at the plasma display panel side are in the U-shape folded in the upper part and the lower part in the periphery of the plasma display panel, respectively. Also, the current paths are first connected to the upper or lower electrodes, and then sequentially connected to the center electrodes via the upper part and the lower part.

Abstract: A driving method of plasma display panels is disclosed. This method can suppress a dark belt occurring in displaying a video of a lower part of grayscale. One field includes plural sub-fields, and each one of the sub-fields has an addressing period during which a scan pulse is applied to the scan electrodes and a data pulse is applied to the data electrodes, and a sustaining period during which a sustain pulse is applied to the scan electrodes and the sustain electrodes. A time interval between a scan pulse applied lastly during the addressing period and a sustain pulse applied firstly during the sustaining period is defined as a last pulse-interval. The last pulse-interval of at least one sub-field of a lower part of grayscale, which lower part is darker than a predetermined level of the grayscale, is set longer than the last pulse-intervals of the other sub-fields.

Abstract: To provide an AC-PDP capable of achieving low power consumption and low cost, a driving method is adopted in which, during a period of sustaining light emission of the AC-PDP, an electrode of one side of the panel is fixed at a predetermined potential, and positive and negative voltages are alternately applied to an electrode of the other side of the panel. In addition, an IGBT is used as a switch element. Thus, with a half-bridge driving method using an IGBT as a switch element, it is possible to simultaneously achieve a reduction in loss of a driving circuit of the AC-PDP and a reduction in the number of components thereof, such reductions not being able to be achieved by the conventional techniques.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel including a plurality of data electrodes arranged in parallel to each other, and a data driver. The data driver applies a driving voltage to the plurality of data electrodes. The data driver includes a first connector and a second connector positioned at opposite edges of the plasma display panel, respectively. The first connector is electrically connected to some of the plurality of data electrodes, and the second connector is electrically connected to the date electrodes which are not connected to the first connector.

Abstract: A charging/discharging apparatus (602) for charging a capacitance to be charged/discharged (Cp) includes: a recovery capacitor (Cr1) for recovering electric energy which has one terminal connected to a first power supply (GND) through first switch means (SW11) and another terminal connected to a second power supply (Vs+Vo) through second switch means (SW12); first path forming means (D11) which has one terminal connected to a connection point between the second power supply and the other terminal of the recovery capacitor and another terminal connected to the capacitance to be charged/discharged, and charges the capacitance to be charged/discharged through a resonant inductor (L1) when the first switch means is turned on; second path forming means (D12) which has one terminal connected to a connection point between the first power supply and the one terminal of the recovery capacitor and another terminal connected to the capacitance to be charged/discharged, and discharges the capacitance to be charged/discha

Abstract: A method and circuit to control of a circuit for addressing at least one line electrode of a plasma display panel having, for each line, a line selection stage formed of two switches in series between two input terminals of the selection stage, the method including use of a first one of the two switches of the selection stage of each line to flow a current from or to an inductive element of the addressing circuit.

Abstract: An image processing method includes the steps of detecting a dynamic range of input image data, performing resolution conversion processing to increase the number of grayscale levels of the input image data, and performing dithering processing to reduce the number of grayscale levels of each pixel of the input image data. The number of pseudo grayscale levels in the dithering processing is determined, based on a parameter indicating the level of the dynamic range and a parameter concerning the resolution conversion processing.

Abstract: A plasma display device and a driving method thereof are provided. An input grayscale value is converted according to a peak grayscale value of an input video signal of one frame. The number of on-subfields may be increased as a result of the grayscale conversion. Therefore, a total number of sustain discharge pulses applied during the one frame is reset in order to obtain the same brightness for the input and converted grayscale values.

Abstract: A video magnifier includes a body including a base, a table on which an object to be read is placed, the table being disposed on the base, a video camera disposed over the table, an illumination lamp illuminating the object placed on the table and a pointer irradiating a part of the object photographed by the video camera, and a monitor television displaying a video image delivered from the video camera. In the video magnifier, in synchronization with irradiation of the photographed part of the object by the pointer, an illuminance of the illumination lamp is rendered lower than an illuminance of the pointer.

Abstract: An air purifier includes a main body defining an air passage therein to allow sucked air to pass therethrough prior to being discharged, and a first filter installed in the main body to be switched between a closed state and an open state. The first filter removes contaminants from the sucked air in the closed state, and allows the sucked air to pass through the air passage in the open state. The air purifier may include a main body to suck and discharge air, with a bypass passage formed in the main body so that the bypass passage is opened or closed by a door, and a first filter installed in the main body. The sucked air passes through the first filter prior to being discharged when the door is closed, and passes through the bypass passage prior to being discharged when the door is opened.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus for reducing heat generated in a data driver for supplying a driving voltage to an address electrode formed on a plasma display panel when driving the plasma display apparatus, and a driving method of the same are provided. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel including an address electrode and a driver. The driver supplies the first data pulse to the address electrode when a temperature of the plasma display panel or an ambient temperature of the plasma display panel is less than a first temperature. Further, the driver supplies the second data pulse different from the first data pulse to the address electrode when the temperature of the plasma display panel or the ambient temperature of the plasma display panel is equal to or more than the first temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for driving a plasma display panel and includes two ramp switches. The two ramp switches are used to apply a two-step falling ramp waveform to a Y electrode of the plasma display panel in a reset period, thereby lowering a withstand voltage of a switch which is formed on a main path to block the flow of current when the falling ramp waveform is applied.

Abstract: A plasma display device including first and second electrodes and a driving circuit alternately applying first and second voltages to the first and second electrodes. The driving circuit includes a power recovery unit, a sustain discharge voltage supply, and a gate voltage supply. The power recovery unit includes an inductor coupled between the first electrode and a capacitor, and increases/decreases the voltage of the first electrode by electrically coupling the inductor and the capacitor. The sustain discharge voltage supply includes a first transistor and a second transistor that couple the first electrode to a supply voltage and to ground. In case of damage to a circuit element, a current is established, through a Zener diode, coupled between the capacitor and the gate voltage supply, that disconnects the supply of voltage to gate drivers of the circuit transistors and stops the operation of the driving circuit.

Abstract: In a plasma display panel, a sustain discharge pulse voltage is applied to the scan or sustain electrodes while the address electrode is biased with a ground voltage, and a negative assistant pulse voltage is applied to an electrode that is not receiving the sustain discharge pulse. At least a part of a period for applying the negative assistant pulse is positioned prior to a period of applying the sustain discharge pulse. Discharge efficiency can be improved by applying the negative assistant voltage to the sustain electrode when the sustain discharge is applied to the scan electrode across a long discharge gap.

Abstract: When driving a plasma display panel, in a first subfield of a first frame, turn-on cells are selected among cells of a first group of electrodes by performing an address operation for the first group, and a sustain discharge is performed for selected cells, and turn-on cells are selected among cells of a second group of electrodes by performing an address operation for the second group, and a sustain discharge is performed for selected cells. In a first subfield of a second frame, turn-on cells are selected among cells of the second group by performing an address operation for the second group, and a sustain discharge is performed for selected cells, and turn-on cells are selected among cells of the first group by performing an address operation for the first group, and a sustain discharge is performed for selected cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display apparatus and driving method thereof. The plasma display apparatus according to the present invention comprises a Plasma Display Panel (PDP), an energy storage part for recovering energy from the PDP, and an energy supply and recovery controller that forms a current path so that the energy storage part can be charged or discharged. In the energy supply and recovery controller, a reference bias voltage is a negative voltage. The driving method of the plasma display apparatus according to the present invention comprises the steps of supplying energy to the PDP, and maintaining a reference bias voltage of a recovery switch part to a negative voltage when an energy storage part recovers energy from the PDP.

Abstract: There is disclosed the simultaneous addressing and sustaining of a surface discharge AC plasma display panel wherein at least one section of the panel is addressed while at least one other section of the panel is being simultaneously sustained. In one embodiment a reset voltage is applied to at least one section while at least one other section is being simultaneously addressed. In another embodiment, the reset voltage period in the one section is long enough to allow addressing in the other section followed by sustaining in the other said section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a contrast compensating apparatus for a PDP module and method thereof that can compensate for the deterioration of contrast due to the decrease of the number of sustain pulses according to an APL adjustment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma display device including: a plurality of scan electrodes sequentially scanned to be impressed with a scan pulse; an address electrode that is impressed with an address pulse corresponding to the scan pulse, for selection of a display pixel; a scan driving circuit generating the scan pulse; and an address driving circuit generating the address pulse. The address pulse rises in n stages (n is an integer equal to or larger than 2), and a period in a period during which the address pulse rises from a lowest voltage to a highest voltage overlaps a scan pulse immediately prior to the scan pulse corresponding to the address pulse.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reset waveform of a plasma display panel. A rising or falling voltage is applied rapidly enough to cause an intense discharge in a reset interval. The electrodes are then floated to reduce the voltage applied into a discharge space during the discharge to cause a self-quenching of the discharge, thereby precisely controlling wall charges.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) includes first and second substrates provided in opposition to one another, address electrodes formed on the first substrate, barrier ribs mounted between the first and second substrates so as to define a plurality of discharge cells, phosphor layers formed in the discharge cells, first and second electrodes formed on the second substrate, and third electrodes mounted between the first and second electrodes at positions corresponding to the discharge cells. The first and second electrodes are positioned further from the second substrate than the third electrodes, and a spacing is provided between the first and second electrodes. A method for driving the PDP includes (a) applying a reset waveform to the third electrodes during a reset interval, (b) applying a scan pulse to the third electrodes during an address interval, and (c) applying a sustain discharge voltage alternately to the first and second electrodes during a sustain discharge interval.

Abstract: A plasma display panel and a driving method thereof. In the plasma display panel, Y electrodes are divided into a plurality of groups according to a scanning order and a final reset voltage is established to be different for each group. The plasma display panel includes a panel including a plurality of first electrodes and second electrodes, a plurality of selection circuits that are respectively coupled to the plurality of the first electrodes, and a driving circuit coupled to the second terminals of the selection circuits. The driving circuit includes a transistor which allows the voltage at the first electrodes to be reduced in a ramp style in a reset period.

Abstract: A plasma display device determining whether to perform power recovery in address and sustain periods of each subfield according to the temperature of a plasma display panel. When the temperature is outside of a predetermined temperature range, the address voltage is applied by hard switching to the third electrode in order to select the discharge cell to be displayed among the discharge cells in the address period. The sustain discharge pulse voltage is applied by the hard switching to the first and second electrodes in a first group of the sustain period, the sustain period being divided into at least two groups. The sustain discharge pulse voltage is applied by inductor-capacitor resonance of a power recovery circuit to the first and second electrodes in a second group of the sustain period.

Abstract: Disclosed is a driver for a PDP including discharge cells with a plurality of electrodes, which may include the following: a first voltage source having a first voltage level; a first active element for intercepting a current flow in the direction of the first voltage source; a first switch coupled between the first active element and an electrode; a capacitor for storing a second voltage; and a second switch for supplying the second voltage stored in the capacitor to the electrode. The first active element and the first switch may each be transistors, and they may be coupled together, back-to-back.

Abstract: According to an exemplary driving method of a plasma display panel of the present invention, waveforms having a reset function, an address function, and a sustain discharge function are applied to a scan electrode while sustain electrodes are biased at a ground voltage. A board for driving the sustain electrodes and a switch for supplying a ground voltage is eliminated and accordingly manufacturing cost of driving boards is reduced. Various circuits for generating the desirable waveforms and simplifications that do not compromise the effectiveness of the circuits are also presented.