Abstract: There are provided a data register (8) for driving an EL element (6) by a current flowing in a data line (3) via a TFT (5) while sequentially capturing input digital video data for each data line, a latch circuit (10) for holding the data received in the data register (8) during 1 H period, and n analog switches (120 to 123) provided between each data line (3) and a power supply line (11), to which n bit of digital video data for each one data line is input bit by bit as each control signal. The transistors constituting each switch are made different sizes. As the current amount flowing in each switch therefore differs, the EL element emits light with a luminance in accordance with the digital video data.

Abstract: An image display apparatus performs color adjustment such that the emission luminances of emission substances of respective colors that emit light upon reception of electrons emitted by electron-emitting devices are controlled by controlling the electron amount emitted by the electron-emitting devices. A pulse width-modulated signal corresponding to an image signal is input to the column wiring of a display panel having an electron source with a plurality of electron-emitting devices and fluorescent substances laid out in stripes in correspondence with the respective colors. A horizontal scanning signal for driving a row wiring is input to the row wiring in synchronism with image display. The pulse width-modulated signal is driven by voltages from different power sources in units of the respective colors.

Abstract: In an image display apparatus which has a multi-electron beam source in which a plurality of electron emission elements are connected in a matrix pattern using a plurality of data electrodes and a plurality of scanning electrodes, and a fluorescent screen having phosphors of three primary colors R, G, and B corresponding to the electron emission elements, natural white color emission is obtained while suppressing a decrease in G luminance, using, e.g., a checkerboard layout which has a G spatial resolution higher than the R or B spatial resolution and includes more G phosphors than the R or B phosphors.

Abstract: Method and structure for reducing crosstalk between adjacent column conductors in a field emission display (50) that has a plurality of column conductors (57, 59) on which electron emission structures (64) are disposed. The field emission display (50) also includes a plurality of row conductors (67, 68). A field termination structure (58) is formed between adjacent column conductors. The field termination structure (58) attenuates a voltage glitch created by a switching column conductor, thereby preventing the voltage glitch from affecting adjacent nonswitching column conductors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and circuit to efficiently change a present column voltage output level to a desired next column voltage output level using digital control circuitry. In one embodiment, the present column voltage output level at an intersection of an active row line and a column line is stored. In substantially the same time, a desired next column voltage level is received for the next row data line of the same column line. The difference between the present column voltage and the desired next voltage is determined and digitized. The digitized voltage difference is translated to a clock time necessary to apply a high current to column driver to attain the desired next column voltage level. The circuit providing high current is active only for the clock time. In this way, bias current and power dissipation are maintained at a low level during quiescent conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a metal insulator metal device and method for the same, which are capable of removing electric charge charged in a pixel cell inside a panel, includes a data supply unit which supplies video data to a plurality of data lines, a scan driving unit for sequentially supplying the scan pulse which is synchronized with the video data to at least one scan line among the plurality of scan lines which cross the data lines, and a switching unit for controlling the output impedance of the scan driving unit.

Abstract: An electron emission device comprises an electron emission electrode with a pointed end and a counter electrode positioned opposite to the pointed end, both formed by fine working of a conductive layer laminated on an insulating substrate.

Abstract: A method of achieving a variable resolution on a field emission display including the step of addressing a cathode half-pixel region of an emitter line of the field emission display, wherein the emitter line is segmented into a fixed number of cathode sub-pixel regions, each cathode sub-pixel region being defined as a portion of the emitter line between two adjacent gate wires of a plurality of gate wires of a gate frame that pass above the emitter line, wherein the cathode half-pixel region is defined as a portion of the emitter line occupying portions of two adjacent cathode sub-pixel regions, wherein providing the appearance of more than the fixed number of cathode sub-pixel regions.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes row wiring, a plurality of column wirings, a modulator, and a plurality of display devices. The plurality of display devices are commonly connected to the row wiring, each of the plurality of column wirings is connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of display devices, and the modulator supplies a modulated signal to the column wirings. The modulator includes a pulse width modulator for generating a pulse signal having a time width corresponding to the tone of a signal to be displayed, and a potential setting circuit for setting the potential of the pulse signal in accordance with the type of signal to be displayed.

Abstract: An active matrix display that does not require a transistor or similar current switching device at each pixel. Instead, the display employs in each pixel a temperature-controlled current source that provides to the field emitters of the pixel an amount of electrical current which varies in response to the temperature of a temperature sensor. Each pixel further includes a thermoelectric heat transfer circuit which transfers heat to or from the sensor in an amount which varies in response to the video signal. Consequently, the video signal controls the temperature of the sensor within a pixel's temperature-controlled current source, which controls the current flow through the pixel's field emitters.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for use in field emission displays includes a substrate formed from a semiconductor material, glass, soda lime, or plastic. A first layer of a conductive material is formed on the substrate. A second layer of microcrystalline silicon is formed on the first layer. This layer has characteristics that do not fluctuate in response to conditions that vary during the operation of the field emission display, particularly the varying light intensity from the emitted electrons or from the ambient. One or more cold-cathode emitters are formed on the second layer.

Abstract: A field emission display device, including data lines which are formed in a panel, scan lines which are formed in the direction crossing the data lines in the panel, a first connector which is installed at an end of the data lines and electrically connected with the data lines, a second connector which is installed at an end of the scan lines and electrically connected with the scan lines and a printed circuit board which is installed on the rear surface of the panel, can display an image of a uniform brightness regardless of the position of the screen, and manufacture the device as a large screen. Also, the present invention can maintain the brightness of the whole screen uniformly by differently supplying the driving voltage and pulse width of the driving voltage which are supplied to the data driving driver according to the position of the data line, and compensating voltage descending caused by difference in the resistance according to the position of the scan line by converting the inputted data value.

Abstract: A field emission display device includes: a reset driving unit for supplying a reset pulse to a scan line and a scan driving unit for supplying a scan pulse to the scan line. A driving method of a field emission display device includes the steps of: sequentially supplying a scan pulse to a plurality of scan lines; supplying a data pulse to a plurality of data lines in synchronization with the scan pulse; and supplying a plurality of reset pulses to the plurality of scan lines in order to remove an electric charge charged in a cell where the scan pulse and the data pulse have been supplied. By applying the lamp type reset pulse having a slope to the scan line, the displacement current of the instantaneous peak current can be reduced. Thus, a damage to the insulation layer between the data electrode and the scan electrode can be prevented. And accordingly, the life span of the cell can be prolonged and the device of the driving IC can be prevented from breaking down.

Abstract: An emissive display using an organic electroluminescent device is provided, in which the pixel circuit is simplified, the aperture ratio is increased, high resolution is achieved, and the power consumption is reduced. In the configuration, among the two sets of inverter circuits, one set of inverter circuit is formed by a circuit connecting an organic electoluminescent device and a transistor in series, and a transistor of a memory circuit is omitted. Also, in the mutual connection of the two sets of inverters, display data is inputted to a line connected to the gate of the transistor connected in series with the organic electoluminescent device, and owing to this connection, the write load is reduced, and the high resolution is achieved by enabling to write at high speed.

Abstract: In a flat panel display and an operation method thereof capable of lowering a capacitance of a pixel cell, an operation method of a flat panel display includes supplying a data pulse to first data lines of the panel, supplying a data pulse to second data lines of the panel and supplying a scan pulse to scan lines by being synchronized with the data pulse supplied to the first and the second data lines. In addition, an operation method of a flat panel display includes operating a left region of a panel after dividing the panel into two regions and operating a right region of the panel.

Abstract: A self emission display device for controlling a lit-up/non-lit-up state of a light emitting element by controlling a current flowing therethrough comprises: a plurality of light emitting elements arrayed in a matrix; and a plurality of SCRs for controlling a current flowing through the light emitting elements, corresponding to each of the light emitting elements; wherein each of the light emitting elements is connected to an anode in each of the SCRs.

Abstract: The invention concerns a flat thermionic emission screen (1) comprising a first substrate (2) on which are arranged an emission cathode (4) and an electron extraction grid (8), a second substrate (12) facing the first substrate (2) on which is arranged an anode (14) designed to collect the electrons emitted by the cathode (4), and an electronic control circuit of the anode (14) voltage comprising at least one commutation component (18, 20).

Abstract: The present application discloses a characteristic adjusting method of executing a step of changing the characteristics of display devices in an image display apparatus. In particular, the present invention discloses a configuration in which target values for changes in characteristics are obtained by reducing the high-frequency components of the spatial distribution of the characteristics of the display devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving an electron source in which a high-quality image display is presented by correcting a non-uniform effective current distribution caused in cold cathode elements by leakage current. A digital video signal enters a shift register where a serial-to-parallel conversion is made for each line of an image based upon a shift clock signal. One line of the image data that has been subjected to the serial-to-parallel conversion is latched in a latch circuit and then applied to a voltage modulating circuit. The latter voltage-modulates the input data and sends the modulated signal to a voltage/current converting circuit. The latter converts the voltage quantity to a current quantity, which is applied to each of the cold cathode elements of a display panel through respective column terminals. A voltage V1 is applied to the selected row wire, and a voltage V2 (V2≠V1) is applied to all other row wires, for controlling the leakage current.

Abstract: For decreasing hardware for correction to compensate for decrease of luminance due to decrease in drive voltage of devices, a plurality of electron-emitting devices are arranged in a matrix pattern and wired by a plurality of row and column lines, a column wiring driving unit applies voltage pulses to the column lines, and row wiring driving units apply voltages to the row lines to switch a row to be selected. The image signal processing unit divides a luminance level of an image signal into plural areas in the signal amplitude direction in response to each split timing signal. There are provided means for detecting frequencies of luminance signals included in the respective amplitude areas, a correction quantity calculating unit for outputting correction signals based on the detected values, and an adding unit for adding the correction signals and luminance signals, which outputs results of addition as electron emission requirements to the column wiring driving unit.

Abstract: A matrix-addressable device includes a number of metal column lines having a number of windows underlying locations of intersection where a number of metal row lines overlap or cross the column lines. Each of the windows has a length that is greater than the nominal width of the row line crossing the column line. A layer of a doped semiconductor overlaps each of the windows to electrically couple a number of emitters formed on the doped semiconductor to the column lines. Each of the metal row lines may include a number of windows positioned at the locations where the row and column lines overlap. Each of the windows has a length greater than a nominal width of the column line that the window overlays. A doped semiconductor layer covers each of the windows and is electrically coupled thereto. A number of apertures formed in the doped semiconductor layer aligned with the emitters to form an extraction grid. A layer of dielectric material may separate the column lines from the row lines.

Abstract: A high-resolution field emission display that applies a field emission device(or a field emission array) being an electron source element to a flat panel display device. The field emission display includes an upper plate and a lower plate that fac each other, wherein the lower plate and the upper plate are vacuum-packaged in parallel positions. A dot pixel of the lower plate includes a high-voltage amorphous silicon thin film transistor formed on the glass substrate of the lower plate, a diode type field emission film partially formed on the drain of the high-voltage amorphous silicon TFT, a passivation insulation layer formed on the high-voltage amorphous silicon TFT and the lateral side of the diode type field emission film, and an electron beam focusing electrode/light-shading film which vertically overlaps with the high-voltage amorphous silicon TFT on some parts of the passivation insulation layer and is formed on a lateral side of the diode type field emission film.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for modulating a conductive element in an FED device from a first level to a second level in which the charge on the display is conserved. In one embodiment, the apparatus has a primary modulator having a first input connected to a first signal representative of the second level, an output connected to the conductive element, and a second input connected to a first signal representative of the output; and a connector of a modifying voltage to the output, the connector having a first input connected to a second signal representative of the second level and a second input connected to a second signal responsive to the output.

Abstract: A light emission display drive apparatus used as a light emission display drive circuit includes an at least second-order &Dgr;&Sgr; modulator 3 for turning on/off a constant drive current or a constant drive voltage, thereby performing gradation control of each light emitting element. A pixel read section 2 reads the brightness value of each light emitting element in a predetermined period, the &Dgr;&Sgr; modulator 3 performs &Dgr;&Sgr; modulation in a predetermined period in response to the read brightness value, and an output change section 36 of the &Dgr;&Sgr; modulator performs operations of detecting unevenness of a list of output pulses of the &Dgr;&Sgr; modulation and dispersing the output pulses in the same light emitting element among light emitting elements, thereby performing multiple-step gradation control of the light emitting element.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an active matrix device which permits enlargement of the area and high-speed response and which serves in place of a semiconductor switch. An active matrix device 35 incorporating scanning-signal electrodes 25 and data-signal electrodes 16 disposed in a matrix configuration and structured such that at least one matrix operating means and a light function device which is operated by the matrix operating means are disposed at intersections of the scanning-signal electrodes 25 and the data-signal electrodes 16, wherein the matrix operating means is mechanically-conductive switch 33 which is operated by static electric force. The mechanically-conductive switch 33 incorporates a thin flexible film 23 which is deflected by static electric stress, a conductive film 29 formed on the thin flexible film 23, a data-signal electrode 16 and a pixel electrode 27a of the light function device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device (1) having pixel elements comprising a luminescent material (7) for emitting light when excited by, e.g. electromagnetic radiation. The pixel elements are provided with electrodes (5,9) which modulate an emission of light by the luminescent material (7) by applying an electric field.

Abstract: A method for improving life of a field emission display (100), which has a plurality of electron emitters (118) and an anode (124), includes the steps of causing plurality of electron emitters (118) to emit electrons, applying a first anode voltage to anode (124), thereafter applying a second anode voltage to anode (124), and thereafter applying a third anode voltage to anode (124). The first anode voltage and the second anode voltage are selected to cause electrons emitted by plurality of electron emitters (118) to be attracted toward anode (124). The third anode voltage is selected to cause electrons emitted by plurality of electron emitters (118) to not be attracted toward anode (124). Furthermore, the second anode voltage is selected to be less than the first anode voltage.

Abstract: A flat panel display, such as a Field Emission Display (“FED”), is disclosed having a current control circuit. Input into the display, initially, is an analog signal having an amplitude. In one embodiment, the current control circuit includes a converter for converting the analog input signal to a sawtooth signal having a height and width. Then, the level of the sawtooth signal is compared to a voltage level to establish a pulse width of an emitter current. The emitter current is thus controlled by a pulse width modulation approach. In another embodiment, the current control circuit traps a column voltage on a parasitic capacitance. The trapped voltage then controls the gate of a transistor to control current flow from the emitter set to ground.

Abstract: An image display device incorporating a quick-action electron source is disclosed. After the power source of the device is turned on, drive signals are outputted from an RGB output circuit to each of the RGB electron sources after it is detected that sufficient deflection current is flowing from horizontal/vertical deflection circuit to the deflection yoke to enable the electron beam to adequately scan the screen.

Abstract: The present invention generates a cell driving apparatus of a field emission display capable of increasing a grey level and minimizing an area problem by designing a current mode DAC which contains low voltage devices.

Abstract: A field emission display having an improved operational life. In one embodiment of the present invention, the field emission display comprises a plurality of row lines, a plurality of column lines, and a plurality of electron emissive elements disposed at intersections of the plurality of row lines and column lines, a column driver circuit, and a row driver circuit. The column driver circuit is coupled to drive column voltage signals over the plurality of column lines; and, the row driver circuit is coupled to activate and deactivate the plurality of row lines with row voltage signals. Significantly, according to the present invention, operational life of the field emission display is substantially extended when the electron emissive elements are intermittently reverse-biased by the column voltage signals and the row voltage signals. In another embodiment, the row driver circuit is responsive to a SLEEP signal.

Abstract: An image-forming device having, in an envelope, an electron-emitting element, an image-forming member for forming an image by irradiation of an electron beam emitted from the electron-emitting element, and an electroconductive supporting member for supporting the envelope. The potential of the supporting member is controlled to not be higher than the maximum potential applied to the electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element and the image-forming member can be placed in juxtaposition on the same substrate, an electroconductive substrate can be additionally provided in opposition to the face of the substrate, and the supporting member can be connected electrically to one of the electrodes and also to the electroconductive substrate.

Abstract: A method for operating a field emission device (100) having an electron emitter (115) includes the steps of providing an emitter-enhancing electrode (117) proximate to electron emitter (115), causing emitter-enhancing electrode (117) to emit electrons, and causing the electrons emitted by emitter-enhancing electrode (117) to be received by electron emitter (115). A method for fabricating a field emission device (100) includes the steps of forming a layer (126) of dielectric material, forming emitter-enhancing electrode (117) on layer (126) of dielectric material, forming an enhanced-emission structure (131) in emitter-enhancing electrode (117), removing a portion of layer (126) of dielectric material proximate to enhanced-emission structure (131) to form a well (114, 158), and forming electron emitter (115) within well (114, 158).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for programmable field emission display comprising an array of cathodoluminescent elements. Each cathodoluminescent element in the array is responsive to separate select signals to cause light to be emitted from said display at a location in the array corresponding to each separate cathodoluminescent element. In one embodiment, to account for processing variation and the like, each cathodoluminescent element is provided with a programmable element for adjusting the operating level of the associated cathodoluminescent element in response to select signals of predetermined voltage levels. Each programmable element includes a charge storage device and is initially programmed by storing a level of electric charge thereon such that uniformity of operation among the plurality of cathodoluminescent elements in the array is improved. In one embodiment the programmable element comprises a floating gate transistor.

Abstract: A current controlled field emission display includes a controller that provides a pair of pulsed clocking signals that allows current to flow from ground potential to an emitter in the field emission display during each clocking signal pulse. The number of electrons, and thus the intensity of the light will depend upon the number N of clocking signal pulses during an activation interval. In one embodiment, each of the pulsed signals includes a number N of pulses that corresponds to a desired intensity of pixels. The pulsed signals are formed by gating a clock signal in response to digital data applied to the display such that the transfer of electrons is controlled directly by the digital data. In another embodiment, the pulsed signals are produced by comparing a decoded image signal to counts from a high speed counter.

Abstract: In the field emission display device in which an electric field emission device is applied to a flat panel display device, an upper plate and a lower plate are vacuum-packaged in parallel, and the lower plate is constructed by row and column signal buses made of metal capable of performing a matrix addressing and by pixels defined by the row and column signal buses, and each pixel is constructed by a film type field emitter, a control device for controlling the film type field emitter and an addressing device for transferring scan and data signals of a display to the control device. Further, the control device is composed of a switching device for directly controlling field emission current of the film type field emitter and a memory device for maintaining the data signal of the display, and the upper plate is made up of anode electrode for accelerating, as high energy, electron emitted from the field emitter, against the field emitter, and a phosphor for performing a cathode luminescence.

Abstract: A field emission display includes electrostatic discharge protection circuits coupled to an emitter substrate and an extraction grid. In the preferred embodiment, the electrostatic discharge circuit includes diodes reverse biased between grid sections and a first reference potential or between row lines and a second reference potential. The diodes provide a current path to discharge static voltage and thereby prevent a high voltage differential from being maintained between the emitter sets and the extraction grids. The diodes thereby prevent the emitter sets from emitting electrons at a high rate that may damage or destroy the emitter sets. In one embodiment, the diodes are coupled directly between the grid sections and the row lines. In one embodiment, the diodes are formed in an insulative layer carrying the grid sections. In another embodiment, the diodes are integrated into the emitter substrate.

Abstract: A junction-based field emission display, wherein the junctions are formed by depositing a semiconducting or dielectric, low work function, negative electron affinity (NEA) silicon-based compound film (SBCF) onto a metal or n-type semiconductor substrate. The SBCF can be doped to become a p-type semiconductor. A small forward bias voltage is applied across the junction so that electron transport is from the substrate into the SBCF region. Upon entering into this NEA region, many electrons are released into the vacuum level above the SBCF surface and accelerated toward a positively biased phosphor screen anode, hence lighting up the phosphor screen for display. To turn off, simply switch off the applied potential across the SBCF/substrate. May be used for field emission flat panel displays.

Abstract: In a display device including, for each pixel, an organic EL element (60) and TFTs (30, 40) for controlling the element, a sequential circuit (350) is provided for stopping supply of power source voltages Vvdd and Hvdd to drivers (80, 90) for driving the TFTs (30, 40) which control each organic EL element (60) after stopping supply of power source voltage Pvdd to the organic EL element (60) when the device is turned off.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an image-forming device in an envelope. The image-forming device includes a member (e.g. thin film electrode) which is carried on the inner surface of the envelope and is adapted to application of electron-accelerating voltage Va. The member-carrying part, such as a transparent face plate) of the envelope also includes on its outer surface a structure for applying a voltage substantially equal to the voltage Va (e.g. electroconductive layer connected to the thin-film electrode by way of a certain resistance). The electric field across the part is significantly reduced to thereby prevent migration of sodium ions contained in the part, which can be made of soda lime glass.

Abstract: A plane type display device having a plurality of electric field emitting type cathodes (K), a high-tension electrode which fixedly gives on a surface of the plurality of cathodes (K) a strong electric field forming a Schottky barrier capable of making possible electron emission from the plurality of cathodes (K), a two-dimensional MOS gate array which is connected to the plurality of cathodes (K) and controls presence or absence of the electron emission from the plurality of cathodes (K) and a fluorescent substance layer (P) made to brighten by bombarding of the electrons selectively emitted from among the plurality of cathodes (K), whereby in a plane type displaying apparatus comprising a plurality of electric field emitting type cathodes and a fluorescent substance layer made to brighten by bombarding of electrons emitted from a cathode selected out of the plurality of electric field emitting type cathodes, a plane type displaying apparatus which is capable of making lower a driving voltage for having the

Abstract: A current controlled field emission display includes a controller that provides a pair of pulsed clocking signals that allows current to flow from ground potential to an emitter in the field emission display during each clocking signal pulse. The number of electrons, and thus the intensity of the light will depend upon the number N of clocking signal pulses during an activation interval. In one embodiment, each of the pulsed signals includes a number N of pulses that corresponds to a desired intensity of pixels. The pulsed signals are formed by gating a clock signal in response to digital data applied to the display such that the transfer of electrons is controlled directly by the digital data. In another embodiment, the pulsed signals are produced by comparing a decoded image signal to counts from a high speed counter.

Abstract: An electron emitting comprising an emitter electrode for emitting electrons when applied with an electric field, a gate electrode for extracting the electrons emitted from the emitter electrode, when applied with a voltage from a signal source, the voltage being positive with respect to the emitter electrode, an anode electrode connected to a load, for collecting the electrons extracted by the gate electrode, and for passing an anode current, and a gate resistor connected between the signal source and the gate electrode, for reducing a gate current flowing in the gate electrode, without changing an anode current flowing in the anode, and for lowering a gate voltage by utilizing a voltage drop cause by the gate current.

Abstract: A method for forming images on a display having a matrix of rows and columns of pixels is provided. Such method comprises the steps of: successively addressing the rows of pixels, each one of the rows of pixels being addressed for a predetermined addressing period of time. During each predetermined addressing period of time, a voltage level is applied to each one of the columns of pixels for a time duration in accordance with image intensity data and changing to a different voltage level during the remaining period of the addressing period of time. The voltage level changes only once during each predetermined addressing period of time. The anode of the display is coupled to a power supply adapted to couple either a relatively high voltage to the anode when such display is to operate in a relatively bright environment or a relatively low voltage when such display is to operate with relatively dim environment. The images are characterized by a gray scale level at each one of the pixels.

Abstract: An image display device incorporating a quick-action electron source is disclosed. After the power source of the device is turned on, drive signals are outputted from an RGB output circuit to each of the RGB electron sources after it is detected that sufficient deflection current is flowing from horizontal/vertical deflection circuit to the deflection yoke to enable the electron beam to adequately scan the screen.

Abstract: A magnetic matrix display device has a grid electrode in which differing first grid (G1) and second grid (G2) apertures are used. A sensor element and a second grid electrode are combined as a single structure. Other aspects of the invention relate to a deflection anode having reduced capacitance, the use of a polyimide coating for the grid electrodes, the use of a compliant mounting and adjustment for a grid assembly and the provision of an illuminated border on a magnetic matrix display.

Abstract: An electron source is constituted of a substrate, and an electron-emitting element provided on the substrate. The electron-emitting element comprises a plurality of electrode pairs having an electroconductive film between each of the electrode pairs. An electron-emitting region is formed on the electroconductive film of selected ones of the electrode pairs.

Abstract: A field emission device (10) for reducing the power dissipation of an array (14) includes video controller (12) coupled to array (14) by memory (13), column drivers (16), row drivers (20), and anode power supply (22). Column drivers (16) includes PWM circuit (17) coupled to signal conditioner (18). Signal conditioner (18) receives input digital signal (24) from PWM circuit (17) and generates output digital signal (26) that reduces the frequency of state transitions of signal (24) while maintaining the same duty cycle as that of signal (24). This reduces the power dissipation of parasitic capacitances (36) associated with array (14) pursuant to the equation P=½CV2f.

Abstract: A display apparatus employs a field emission display device with pixels which are turned on and off in accordance with different bits of video words that are being displayed. The field emission display device is driven so that its pixels emit light at different intensity levels, depending upon the rank of the bits that are being displayed.

Abstract: A transmissive display device using a micro light modulator that is capable of improving a light efficiency. In the display device, light-path converting members are provided on stationary members to change a path of a light inputted obliquely through stationary members and movable members vertically with respect to a display screen.