Abstract: The electronic device can be used with an accessory module that is a second device attached to a device main body that is a first device. The accessory module includes a locking member that is held so as to be able to be turned. The locking member includes a ring-shaped portion that has a plurality of claw portions and an operation portion for performing a turning operation. The device main body 1 includes a plurality of claw portions corresponding to the plurality of claw portions of the locking member. The claw portions and the claw portions engage with each other in a state in which the accessory module is attached to the device main body by the turning operation of the operation portion, and the claw portions and the claw portions are not engaged in a state in which the accessory module can be removed from the device main body.

Abstract: A game system has a server managing a game to a first platform comprising a head-mounted display (HMD) and a three-axis controller, where a movement of a first avatar is made by marking a position to move and teleporting the to the marked position, and managing the same game to a second platform comprising a pointer device and a display screen, where movement of a second avatar is by the pointer device at a pre-programmed rate. Procession of the game is displayed in the HMD from viewpoint of the first avatar, and in the display of the second platform from viewpoint of the second avatar, both avatars being displayed in both displays, and wherein the game server, executing the SW, constrains teleportation at the first platform only to positions within a radius that the second avatar is enabled to attain in a single continuous move at the pre-programmed rate.

Abstract: A display control apparatus includes a plurality of image capture units, an output unit, a behavior detection unit, a situation detection unit, a display image generation unit, and a display control unit. The image capture units capture images in different directions. The output unit can be recognized visually by a person wearing the display control apparatus. The behavior detection unit or the situation detection unit detects behavior of the person or a moving situation of an image of a subject in a plurality of captured images captured by the image capture units. The display image generation unit and the display control unit execute control to produce an output so as to make a switch to any of the captured images captured by the image capture units, and display the switched captured image on the output unit in response to the behavior of the person or the moving situation of the image of the subject detected by the behavior detection unit or the situation detection unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a positioning method and a positioning system. The method comprises: obtaining a reference direction corresponding to a user; determining that an eye of the user is gazing at an auxiliary positioning object; acquiring position information of the auxiliary positioning object; acquiring a distance of the user relative to the auxiliary positioning object; acquiring an angle of a sight line direction of the user relative to the reference direction; and obtaining position information of the user according to the position information of the auxiliary positioning object, the distance of the user relative to the auxiliary positioning object, the reference direction, and the angle of the sight line direction of the user relative to the reference direction.

Abstract: A vehicular heads-up-display system includes a windshield-mountable partially reflective mirror that allows a vehicle user to view material displayed on the partially reflective mirror while, at the same time, viewing the road ahead without obstruction. A mount configured to accept a portable electronic device, such as a smartphone, may be situated to project the display of the portable electronic device to the windshield mountable partially reflective mirror when mounted in a vehicle. A tactile input device, including a wireless interface for entry of and transmission of input from a vehicle user to a smartphone may be configured for mounting on a vehicle steering wheel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mobile terminal capable of cooperating with a transparent display apparatus and a method for controlling the same, wherein the mobile terminal capable of cooperating with the transparent display apparatus includes a wireless communication unit capable of performing transmission and reception of information with the transparent display apparatus, a display unit capable of outputting path search information, and a controller capable of transmitting screen information related to the path search information to the cooperative transparent display apparatus, through the wireless communication unit such that the screen information related to the path search.

Abstract: A near eye optical display system comprising a waveguide and diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for in-coupling, exit pupil expansion, and out-coupling reduces the transmission of stray light in the system using a doubly-periodic surface relief microstructure that combines a guided-mode resonant filter with Bragg reflectance. Such resonant grating filter may be configured with grooves and/or ridges of different widths that are located on the waveguide that have respective sub-periods that match Bragg reflectance periods for particular wavelengths. The interaction of the sub-periods gives rise to a photonic band gap effect in which the resonant grating's effective refractive index is modulated to increase angular sensitivity and wavelength bandwidth of the resonant grating filter. The sub-periods define an overall period (i.e., a super period) for the resonant grating filter by which incident light is coupled into the waveguide, guided, and then coupled out of the waveguide at the side of incidence.

Abstract: A vehicle display control apparatus mounted on a vehicle includes a display control portion that controls a head-up display device displaying an image by superimposing the image on a view visible to a driver of the vehicle through a windshield of the vehicle, and a condition determination portion that determines whether a condition under which the vehicle should slow down is satisfied. The display control portion causes, based on a determination of the condition determination portion that the condition is satisfied, the head-up display device to display an object that does not actually exist on a road under circumstances where the condition is satisfied, as an illusion image that produces an optical illusion appearing that a road surface viewed from the driver flows faster than an actual speed in an opposite direction to a travel direction by superimposing the illusion image on the view.

Abstract: A handset for an entertainment system of a transportation vehicle having virtual reality (VR) goggles is provided. The handset is coupled to a seat using a cord and includes a first segment having options for controlling a passenger seat function and a second segment with a display screen for displaying VR content, when the handset operates as the VR goggles.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method executed by an electronic apparatus including storage configured to store device information including first position information indicating a position of a device installed in a particular range and risk information associated with use of the device is provided. The method includes receiving second position information indicating a position of a user wearing an eyeglasses-type wearable terminal and working within the particular range, from the eyeglasses-type wearable terminal and estimating a status of the user, based at least in part on the first position information and the risk information included in the device information, and the second position information.

Abstract: A method for in-vehicle dynamic virtual reality, including receiving vehicle data from a portable device, the portable device operably connected for computer communication to an output device, the vehicle data including vehicle dynamics data, and receiving user data from at least one of the portable device or the output device. The method including generating a virtual view based on the vehicle data, the user data and a virtual world model, the virtual world model including one or more components that define the virtual view, wherein generating the virtual view includes augmenting one or more components of the virtual world model according to at least one of the vehicle data or the user data. The method including rendering the virtual view to the output device by controlling the output device to update display of the virtual view according to at least one of the vehicle data or the user data.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a system for enabling two or more users to interact within a virtual world comprising virtual world data, comprising a computer network comprising one or more computing devices, the one or more computing devices comprising memory, processing circuitry, and software stored at least in part in the memory and executable by the processing circuitry to process at least a portion of the virtual world data; wherein at least a first portion of the virtual world data originates from a first user virtual world local to a first user, and wherein the computer network is operable to transmit the first portion to a user device for presentation to a second user, such that the second user may experience the first portion from the location of the second user, such that aspects of the first user virtual world are effectively passed to the second user.

Abstract: A head-up display device includes: a light source that emits light; a condenser that condenses the light emitted from the light source in a first direction; an adjuster that adjusts the light emitted from the condenser; a first reflector that reflects the light emitted from the adjuster in a second direction different from the first direction; a display that includes an image display surface forming a display image and emits a display light representing the display image with the image display surface transmitting the light reflected by the first reflector; a second reflector that reflects the display light being emitted from the display and being incident from above; and a third reflector that reflects the display light incident from the second reflector to the projection member. The adjuster adjusts the light emitted from the condenser according to a size of the image display surface.

Abstract: An image display device which is used by being mounted on the head or face of a user includes a display unit which displays an image; an information maintaining unit which maintains user information of the user; a region specifying unit which specifies an attention region from a field of vision of the user based on the user information; an image processing unit which performs image processing with respect to the attention region; and a display control unit which displays the attention region after being subjected to the image processing on the display unit.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a control application enables mobile control of output devices, such as speakers. In operation, the control application receives visual data from a mobile device and one or more cameras that track motions associated with the mobile device. Based on the location of the mobile device and an angle of interest indicated by the visual data transmitted from the mobile device, the control application selects one or more output devices. The control application then processes the visual data provided by the cameras in order to identify and extract gestures and transmit associated control signals to the selected output devices.

Abstract: A system, method and software for producing 3D effects in a video of a physical scene. The 3D effects can be observed when the video is viewed, either during a live stream or later when viewing the recorded video. A reference plane is defined. The reference plane has peripheral boundaries. A live event is viewed with stereoscopic video cameras. The stereoscopic camera viewpoints are calculated that enable the event to be recorded within the peripheral boundaries of the reference plane. The footage from the stereoscopic video cameras is digitally altered prior to being imaged. The altering of the footage includes bending, tapering, stretching and/or tilting a portion of the footage in real time. Once the footage is altered, a common set of boundaries are set for superimposed footage to create a final video production.

Abstract: A portable device (e.g., a wireless device such as a cell phone) is provided with a flexible keyboard and a flexible display screen. Such flexible components may be stored in the housing of the portable device when not in use. The flexible display screen and flexible keyboard may be expanded from the housing when the flexible components are utilized by a user. Non-flexible display and input components may be provided on the exterior of the portable device such that the device may be used, in some form, while the flexible components are stored. In one embodiment, a portion of the flexible display (or flexible keyboard) may be utilized when the flexible display (or flexible keyboard) is stored in said first housing.

Abstract: A backlight unit in a head-up display apparatus according to the present disclosure includes A plurality of light sources configured to emit light; a plurality of primary light collectors configured to collect the light emitted by the plurality of light sources to transmit, refract, or reflect the collected light; and a secondary light collector configured to recollect the light which is collected by the plurality of primary light collectors. At this point, an optical axis of one among the plurality of light sources, the plurality of primary light collectors, and the secondary light collector is disposed to be different from the other two.

Abstract: A sight line input apparatus includes: a display portion that displays an input item at a position where the input item is viewable from a driver seat; a setup portion that sets a virtual input region at a position displaced from a display region of the display portion toward a driving visual field of the driver, the virtual input region being associated with the input item; a detection portion that detects a sight line position of a driver; and an input controller that performs an input process in accordance with the input item associated with the virtual input region, when the sight line position is in the virtual input region set by the setup portion. When a predetermined operation of the driver is detected, the setup portion changes the virtual input region into a mode that permits the driver to gaze at the virtual input region with ease.

Abstract: A detector configuration for use in a free space optical (FSO) node for transmitting and/or receiving optical signals has a plurality of sensors for detecting received optical signals. The system may be configured to modify or alter the light at the plurality of sensor to optimize different system functions.

Abstract: Collaborative scene sharing for overcoming visual obstructions is provided. Video feeds of a scene are obtained from multiple devices viewing the scene from different angle. An obstruction obstructs portion(s) of the scene from view by a device. An aggregation grid that partitions views of the scene into cells is established and used in providing an aggregated view of the scene to the device. This includes identifying cell(s) of the aggregation grid for which the view by the device is obstructed by the obstruction, and providing to the device video portion(s) obtained from video feed(s) from the multiple devices. The video portion(s) correspond to the cell(s) for which the view by the device is obstructed, and the video feeds from which the video portions are obtained are from other device(s), of the multiple devices, for which the view for the cell(s) is unobstructed.

Abstract: A vehicle entertainment system includes a tablet unit and a cradle. The tablet unit includes a display and a touch screen input device disposed on a front surface, a first electrical connection, a first mounting mechanism, and a wireless receiver. The wireless receiver is configured to receive media data from a wireless network and the touch screen input device is configured to receive input from a user. The cradle is disposed in a headrest in a vehicle and includes a second electrical connection and a second mounting mechanism. The tablet unit is electrically connected to the cradle via the first and second electrical connections, and is physically coupled to the cradle via the first and second mounting mechanisms upon mounting the tablet unit to the cradle.

Abstract: A 3D near eye display device is provided, the display device comprising a display screen for displaying more than one 2D images, at least one focusing element for collimating the images to sub-images, a spatial multiplexing unit capable of remapping the sub-images to different depths while forcing their centers to align to form remapped sub-images, and an eye piece. The device and methods allow for a high quality, compact 3D display system that can be wearable and overcomes the vergence-accommodation conflict that leads to visual discomfort and fatigue caused by traditional 3D near eye display devices.

Abstract: Technology is provided for a facial interface assembly for use with a head mounted display. The facial interface assembly includes a contoured spacer frame and an interchangeable face gasket removably attached to the contoured spacer frame. The contoured spacer frame includes a forehead interface portion, a pair of cheek interface portions, a bridge portion extending between the pair of cheek interface portions, and one or more attachment tabs configured to mate with a housing of the head mounted display. The face gasket includes a high-density foam layer, a low-density foam layer, and a fabric layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a long distance imaging head-up display device, which includes an imaging projection module, a reflective diffuser and a concave mirror module, wherein a reflective diffuser is used with a concave mirror module to increase a reflective distance, to thereby obtain a longer optical path distance, so as to project image to a far distance under the same magnification of concave mirror, to reduce visual vertigo and obtain the best visual effects for drivers, to thereby improve driving safety.

Abstract: The invention describes augmented reality glasses (1) for medical applications configured to be worn by a user, comprising a frame (15) that supports a glasses lens (2a, 2b), wherein the frame (15) comprises an RGB lighting system comprising RGB-emitting devices (16a, 16b, 16c) configured to emit light beams (B1, B2, B3); first optical systems (17a, 17b, 17c) configured to collimate at least partially said beams (B1, B2, B3) into collimated beams (B1c; B2c; B3c); wherein the frame (15) further comprises a display (3) configured to be illuminated by the RGB lighting system (16) by means of the collimated beams (B1c; B2c; B3c); to receive first images (I) from a first processing unit (10); to emit the first images (I) as second images (IE1) towards the glasses lens (2a, 2b), wherein the lens (2a, 2b) is configured to reflect the second images (IE1) coming from the display (3) as images projected (IP) towards an internal zone (51) of the glasses corresponding to an eye position zone of the user who is wearing th

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for engineering the eyebox of a display using multiple heterogeneous exit pupils are described. The eyebox of a display includes at least two heterogeneous exit pupils that are different from one another in terms of size and/or shape. Heterogeneous exit pupils may overlap, one may encompass another, or they may be completely spatially-separated from one another. Such configurations enable specific eyebox and/or visual display configurations that can be advantageous in certain applications. An example in which a scanning laser-based wearable heads-up virtual retina display implements a holographic combiner that is engineered to provide multiple heterogeneous exit pupils is described.

Abstract: A head-mounted device, a headphone apparatus, and a separation control method for the head-mounted device, the separation control method includes following steps: detecting whether the headphone apparatus of the head-mounted device is separated from the display apparatus of the head-mounted device; if yes, controlling the head-mounted device to enter an audio playing mode; and receiving an input signal generated by an input unit of the head-mounted device in response to an input operation, and controlling to execute a corresponding audio playing control function according to the input signal. The head-mounted device may continue to use the headphone apparatus conveniently when the headphone apparatus is separated from the display apparatus.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to methods and systems for imaging, recognizing, and tracking of a user's eye that is wearing a HWC. Aspects further relate to the processing of images reflected from the user's eye and controlling displayed content in accordance therewith.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a light source device including a light source unit; a scanning optical system including an image forming unit on which an intermediate image is formed by light from the light source unit; and a virtual image optical system configured to guide light of the intermediate image by using a reflecting mirror and a curved transmissive reflection member. The scanning optical system includes an optical scanning unit configured to scan the light from the light source unit in a main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction of the image forming unit. The image forming unit is a transmissive member curved with a convex surface toward the reflecting mirror.

Abstract: A system may comprise a selectively transparent projection device for projecting an image toward an eye of a viewer from a projection device position in space relative to the eye of the viewer, the projection device being capable of assuming a substantially transparent state when no image is projected; an occlusion mask device coupled to the projection device and configured to selectively block light traveling toward the eye from one or more positions opposite of the projection device from the eye of the viewer in an occluding pattern correlated with the image projected by the projection device; and a zone plate diffraction patterning device interposed between the eye of the viewer and the projection device and configured to cause light from the projection device to pass through a diffraction pattern having a selectable geometry as it travels to the eye.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a projection unit configured to project an image and a plurality of concave reflectors in which contact surfaces with optical axes of the concave reflectors with respect to the optical axis of the projection unit are disposed at different angles from one another. A first concave reflector of the plurality of concave reflectors reflects at least a portion of an image projected by the projection unit to form a first image based on the image. A second concave reflector of the plurality of concave reflectors transmits a portion of an image projected by the projection unit and reflects a portion of the image to form a second image based on the image.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing device, information processing method, and program capable of realizing the authentication with high security using the movement of line of sight, the information processing device including: a line-of-sight movement identification unit configured to identify movement of line of sight of a user to a body of the user on a basis of an image of an eye of the user and an image of the body of the user positioned in a line-of-sight direction of the user, captured by an imaging unit; and a user authentication unit configured to authenticate the user on a basis of the identified movement of line of sight.

Abstract: A display system is a display system which is installed in a vehicle and includes a liquid crystal display unit which outputs information representing a deviation amount of the current running speed of the vehicle from a speed limit set for an area where the vehicle is currently running.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for long-range facial and ocular acquisition. One embodiment of a system for acquiring an image of a subject's facial feature(s) includes a steerable telescope configured to acquire the image of the facial feature(s), a first computational imaging element configured to minimize the effect of defocus in the image of the facial feature(s), and a second computational imaging element configured to minimize the effects of motion blur. In one embodiment, the detecting, the acquiring, the minimizing the effect of the motion, and the minimizing the effect of the defocus are performed automatically without a human input.

Abstract: A method for controlling illumination of operational controls in a motor vehicle, using a passenger-compartment camera for photographing a driver, in which a visual perception capability of the driver is determined with the aid of the passenger-compartment camera, and in which the illumination of an operational control is adjusted as a function of the visual perception capability of the driver.

Abstract: A near-eye display device comprises a left-eye optical system and a right-eye optical system. Each of the left-eye optical system and the right-eye optical system comprises a holographic optical component positioned in a field of view of a user eye, an image source configured to emit imaging light, and an alignment optical component, wherein projection beam path between the image source and the light-deflecting optical component and an alignment beam path between the alignment optical component and the light-deflecting component share a common optical path.

Abstract: Many headset devices, such as virtual reality helmets, present visuals that respond to the user's motion, such that a rotation of the user's head causes the visual to be re-rendered from a correspondingly rotated perspective. The lag between the user's motion and the updated rendering from the new perspective may be perceivable even at high framerates, and may induce unpleasant feelings such as vertigo. Instead, headset devices may respond to detected motion by identifying a displacement of the physical location of the visual that causes it to maintain a physical position relative to a stationary reference point. The display is operatively coupled with a displacer, such as actuators or a projection adjustment, that are engaged to displace the display according to the identified displacement and maintain a physical location of the visual relative to the stationary reference point (e.g., until the visual is re-rendered from the updated perspective).

Abstract: Light projection systems and methods may comprise combining light from two or more projectors. Each projector may be controlled so that the combined light output of the projectors matches a target for the projected light. In some embodiments optimization is performed to generate image data and control signals for each of the projectors. Embodiments may be applied in image projecting applications, lighting applications, and 3D stereoscopic imaging.

Abstract: Provided are a head-mounted display and an image display device. The HMD includes a first ball joint, a second ball joint and an arm member. The first ball joint is provided with a first rod portion and a first sphere portion. The second ball joint is provided with a second rod portion and a second sphere portion. The first rod portion passes through a first hole portion. The second rod portion passes through a second hole portion. A position of a half mirror in a first position of a display casing when the first rod portion is positioned at the center of the first hole portion and the second rod portion is positioned at the center of the second hole portion is farther from the mounting member than a position of the half mirror in a second position of the display casing.

Abstract: A virtual reality (VR) game platform has an input mechanism, software executing on a processor from a non-transitory medium, and a display screen displaying, under control of the software, an object at a first position in a virtual environment, the object controllable by a player interacting with the VR game platform to move in the virtual environment viewed by the player from a camera centered on the object, the display screen further displaying a symmetrical region of the environment centered on the controlled object, the symmetrical region expanding in radius at a controlled rate. The player is enabled to select, using the input mechanism, a second position within the expanding symmetrical region to move the object, after which selection the object teleports to the second position, and the camera teleports to the second position as well.

Abstract: A head-up display device includes a display unit that projects a display image to a windshield of a vehicle; a control board that has a control circuit, which controls the display unit; and a housing case that receives the control board and has a hollow space, which is in contact with the control board. The display unit is placed at an outside of the housing case. The housing case includes a communication passage that communicates between a duct and the hollow space while the duct conducts air, which is blown from an air conditioning device of the vehicle toward a vehicle cabin.

Abstract: A computer program is disclosed for performing the following method: recording images of a response of a left pupil to a stimulus thereby resulting in a first set of sequential images; recording images of a response of a right pupil to the same stimulus at the same time as the first images were recorded, thereby resulting in a second set of sequential images; displaying on a display simultaneously the first set of images and the second set of image, wherein the two sets of images are synchronized, and wherein a center of the left pupil of each image from the first set of sequential images is aligned with a center of the right pupil from the second set of sequential images on the display.

Abstract: Provided is a heads up display system having a platform having a receiver configured to removably receive and physically support a mobile phone and/or tablet having a display screen, a medium oriented at an angle with respect to the platform, and an opening defined in the platform between the receiver and the medium. The system may include a couple configured to couple the platform to a structure or surface. The coupler can be configured to enable the platform to be coupled to the surface or structure at a selected angle.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product conduct online visual searches through an augmented reality (AR) device having an optical see-through head mounted display (HMD). An apparatus identifies a portion of an object in a field of view of the HMD based on user interaction with the HMD. The portion includes searchable content, such as a barcode. The user interaction may be an eye gaze or a gesture. A user interaction point in relation to the HMD screen is tracked to locate a region of the object that includes the portion and the portion is detected within the region. The apparatus captures an image of the portion. The identified portion of the object does not encompass the entirety of the object. Accordingly, the size of the image is less than the size of the object in the field of view. The apparatus transmits the image to a visual search engine.

Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) includes an eye tracking system that determines user's eye tracking information based on depth information derived from time-of-flight methods. The eye tracking system includes an illumination source, an imaging device and a controller. The illumination source illuminates the user's eye with a temporally varying irradiance pattern. The imaging device includes a detector that captures temporal phase shifts (temporal distortions) caused by a local geometry and the illumination pattern being reflected from a portion of the eye. The detector comprises multiple pixels, each pixel having multiple units for capturing, over multiple time instants, light signals related to the temporally distorted illumination pattern. The controller determines phase differences between the temporally distorted illumination pattern and the temporally varying irradiance pattern, based on the captured light signals.

Abstract: An eye-protective shade for the AR (Augmented Reality) smart glasses is provided, including: an eye protection unit disposed in front of the AR smart glasses, wherein the eye protection unit is disposed with a pair of shading portions capable of filtering light, and the pair of the shading portions respectively correspond to a pair of semitransparent display portions disposed on the AR smart glasses, and the pair of shading portions are made of translucent material and/or opaque material; when reading digital information by use of the eye-protective shade along with the AR smart glasses, the eye-protective shade protects the user's eyeballs and the macula from direct light radiation while the peripheral retina is continuously in contact with external light sources. The present disclosure can change the user's reading habits and moderate visual fatigue when reading.

Abstract: A visual line direction sensing device communicably connected with a head-up display device, which projects an image on a screen disposed ahead of a target, includes an image capture unit capturing a target image from a front side of the target, an acquisition unit acquiring adjusted position information indicative of an image projection position by an adjustment unit of the head-up display device, an estimation unit estimating positions of pupils of the target based on the adjusted position information acquired by the acquisition unit, a setup unit setting an inspection range of the target image captured by the image capture unit with reference to the positions of the pupils estimated by the estimation unit, and a calculator calculating a visual line direction of the target based on a status of the pupils included in the inspection range of the target image set by the setup unit.

Abstract: A multi-camera vision system for a vehicle includes a plurality of cameras viewing exterior the equipped vehicle and at least one non-visual sensor sensing exterior of the equipped vehicle. Captured image data and sensor data are provided to a central data processor. At the central data processor, image data is fused with sensor data and processed in order to detect vehicles that are present external the equipped vehicle. The central data processor includes a digital signal processor operable to process data at a data processioning speed of at least 30 MIPS. Via processing at the central data processor of image data and sensor data, a potential hazard present exterior the equipped vehicle is determined to exist. The potential hazard arises from presence of rear-approaching traffic in at least one of (i) a side lane to the equipped vehicle and (ii) a rear lane to the equipped vehicle.

Abstract: An audio headphone to couple to a strap for a head-mounted display is disclosed. The audio headphone includes a headphone speaker, a strap connector, and a four-bar linkage coupled to the strap connector to provide movement of the headphone speaker with respect to a user's ear. The four-bar linkage comprises a first member coupled to the strap connector via a first joint, a second member coupled to the first member via a second joint, a third member coupled to the second member via a third joint, and a fourth member coupled to the third member. The fourth member has first and second sides that are coupled to the first member via a fourth joint.