Abstract: A positioning device for a measuring machine wherein a measuring head is movable in a three-dimensional space with respect to a first reference system, and supports a visual sensor having a television camera and a source of a laser beam. The device displays on a monitor the two-dimensional image picked up by the camera and on which is positionable a pointer movable by manual control to select a point of interest in the displayed two-dimensional image. The device moves the measuring head automatically into a position in which the origin of a second reference system, proper to the visual sensor and having two coordinate axes in the two-dimensional image plane, is located at a point, in the three-dimensional space, corresponding to the point of interest selected on the two-dimensional image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a monitoring system (10, 20) for monitoring of at least a fixed but displaceable object in a volume, which object is provided with at least a marking means (13, 13a-13d, 23) in form of a light generating or reflecting device, which system at least comprises an optical recording unit (11, 21) for recording of an image of at least a part of the volume comprising said object provided with the marking means (13, 13a-13d, 23), device for transformation of said image to a digital representation of the same image, means (14) for comparison of the digital representation to a stored data-set, and device for generating a signal at the presence of a deviation at comparison of the digital representation to the stored data-set.

Abstract: The position of a target lying on a plane is indicated by inputting a pointing direction which is computationally projected onto a plane. If the target is known to lie on a contour, the position is specified unambiguously. Alternatively, the position of a target can be specified by inputting its axial coordinates in successive steps. In another alternative approach, the image containing the target is translated and/or rotated and the target indicated again. The two direction projections are then used to determine the position of the target in 2-space. The direction indications may be input by a camera or other method, such as one or more radio transmitters.

Abstract: The object distance display apparatus displays object distances according to actually measured object distance data entered in advance, matched with focusing lens positions acquired from a television lens device, and enables, when the apparatus is connected to the television lens device, any data entry error to be readily identified by graphically displaying the object distance data entered in advance. Actually measured object distance data entered in advance, matched with focusing lens positions, can be graphically displayed on an LCD panel with a touch panel function of the apparatus. If any abnormal datum such as an input error is detected, it can be deleted by touching a delete switch.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image capturing device has a center LED and peripheral LEDs which are arranged around the center LED. The center LED and peripheral LEDs irradiate distance measuring light beams to a measurement subject. The distance measurement light beams are reflected by a surface of the measurement subject, and the reflected light beams are received by an imaging device, so that distances from the imaging device to the measurement subject are sensed in accordance with the received light amount. The irradiation timings of the center LED and the peripheral LEDs are adjusted, in such a manner that, when the measurement subject is a flat plane parallel to the light receiving surface of the imaging device, the reflected light beams from all of the LEDs are simultaneously received by the imaging device.

Abstract: Method and device for determining one or more Z distances from an object surface to a reference plane, for example the primary plane of the primary objective of a microscope. By projecting an optical pattern onto an object, and subsequently detecting and computationally evaluating the object's reflection of this pattern by means of an image processing unit, it is possible to obtain relief-like imaging of the object and to identify the individual Z distances, irrespective of the object's contouring.

Abstract: A method for modifying a visible object shot with a television camera, in which method the object is marked by one or more marking surfaces disposed in the area of the object or in its vicinity, these marking surfaces being identifiable on the basis of radiation differing from other radiation in the area being shot. At least one of the marking surfaces differs in radiation from the environment on the basis of a property other than the color of visible light. The marking surface is identified using at least one identifying detector which is separate from the detectors of the television camera and by means of which the object is shot substantially from the same shooting direction as the picture shot by the television camera.

Abstract: A three-dimensional measuring apparatus or similar contour measuring apparatus of the present invention includes a projector for emitting light, a lattice film or similar light transmitting member, and a camera. Light issuing from the projector is transmitted through the lattice film to illuminate an object to be measured. The lattice film is movable to a plurality of projecting positions in a preselected direction. The camera shoots the object being illuminated by the light. A driving device for driving the lattice film includes a cam follower associated with the lattice film, and a cam for guiding the cam follower. The cam has a cam surface including a plurality of contiguous, insensitive portions each for causing the lattice film to remain in a halt at a particular position when the cam follower contacts the insensitive portion.

Abstract: A position detector displays a target on a given plane and adds a standard on the given plane in the vicinity of the target with the location of the standard known. An image of the given plane is formed on an image plane of an image sensor with an image of the standard included, a point in the image of the given plane which is formed at a predetermined position of the image plane corresponding to the point to be detected. An image processor identifies the image of the standard on the image plane to calculate the position of the point to be detected. The standard includes asymmetric pattern. The standard includes a first standard and a second standard sequentially added on the given plane, the difference being calculated accompanied with the plus sign or the minus sign. The image on the given plane is formed by means of a scanning, the image sensor reads out the sensed image upon the termination of at least one period of the scanning.

Abstract: A device is provided which detects image patterns which may cause photosensitive attacks, based on the contrast intensity and values of frequency bands having a peak value. A frame image constituting video is image analyzed for contrast intensity and spatial frequency, in the contrast detector and the peak seeker respectively.

Abstract: A precision motion platform carrying an imaging device under a large-field-coverage lens enables capture of high resolution imagery over the full field in an instantaneous telephoto mode and wide-angle coverage through temporal integration. The device permits automated tracking and scanning without movement of a camera body or lens. Coupled use of two or more devices enables automated range computation without the need for subsequent epipolar rectification. The imager motion enables sample integration for resolution enhancement. The control methods for imager positioning enable decreasing the blur caused by both the motion of the moving imager or the motion of an object's image that the imager is intended to capture.

Abstract: A picked-up image of an environment of the vehicle concerned is displayed. The position of an object which approaches the vehicle concerned is acquired on the basis of two picked-up images taken at times apart by a prescribed time interval. An immobile point on the approaching object is set. A display frame image is created with reference to the immobile point. The display frame image is superposed on the picked-up image. In such a configuration, since the approaching object is encircled by a display frame image, the approaching object can be easily visually recognized.

Abstract: A video camera captures image data and determines parameters indicative of a size of an image. Such data may, for example, be recorded on a recording medium or may be broadcasted. A video apparatus reproduces the recorded data from the recording medium or may receive the broadcasted data. Information indicative of a size of a display screen of a display unit is provided to the video apparatus, which then produces an actual size signal representative of an actual size of a desired object of the image in accordance with the screen size information and the image size data and may supply the same to the display unit so as to enable the desired object of the image or a portion thereof to be displayed on the display screen in actual size.

Abstract: An improved method of tracking a camera in dynamic chroma-keying of the type in which a foreground object is photographed against a multicolored chroma-key screen. The multicolor patterns are created by projection on a monochrome screen, for example by projecting light through a mask on a screen colored with the chroma-key color. The projection of multiple patterns can emulate the use of a single pattern having multiple levels of detail, and can enable lateral tracking of the camera. Sequentially projecting known transformations (for example, rotations) of a pattern adds an extra degree of freedom which further enhances the accuracy of the method.

Abstract: A bending angle detection system capable of detecting a bending angle of a workpiece with high accuracy, wherein taking into account the fact that the brightness of a linear image formed on a surface of a workpiece is higher than that of a linear image formed on other areas than the workpiece, linear images picked up from the workpiece are automatically sorted out from linear images picked up from other areas according to differences in the brightness values of the linear images so that only the data representative of the linear images formed on the workpiece can be extracted.A linear projected light image formed on the workpiece surface is picked up by a CCD camera, a representative pixel of each scanning line on the picked up, multi-valued linear image is calculated by a representative pixel detecting unit.

Abstract: An interactive desktop system for automatically adjusting pan and zoom functions to change a field of view in response to user actions relative to a feedback image projected on a source document. The interactive desktop system includes an image capture system, a display system and a processor system. The image capture system grabs an image from the source document in its field of view. The display system indicates to a user the captured image using the feedback image, which is visible to the image capture system. In response to a user adjustment of the feedback image, the processor system adjusts either the pan or zoom function of the image capture system, thus changing the field of view of the image capture system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining camber and caster of a vehicle wheel in which the camber angle is determined in a manner that accounts for the influence of any existing toe angle. This is accomplished by detecting the displacement of one or more points located fore or aft of the wheel's vertical measurement plane and then making a correction to these displacements to account for influence of the toe angle. The apparatus includes a laser that projects shaped light onto the sidewall of the tire at a location offset from the normal upper measurement position. The shaped light illuminates an offset measurement point on the tire sidewall and an optical sensor detects the reflected image. A computer then determines the location of the measurement point within the two-dimensional image space of the optical sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus which enhances the visual contrast between bright and dark features of an object by projecting an image of the object onto the object. The features of the projected object image overlay the features of the object such that an observer of the enhanced object senses that the bright features are brighter and the dark features remain the same. A light source illuminates the object, a video imaging means, such as a video camera, creates a video signal representative of the object image, and a video projector receives the video signal from the video camera and projects a visual image of the object. A filter prevents video projector light from reaching the video imaging means, thereby eliminating positive feedback. A preferred apparatus includes a beam separator which causes the image projected from the video projector to illuminate the object from the same perspective that the video imaging means views the object.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for measuring the dimensions of a parcel for use in a parcel processing application. The invention includes the placing of a parcel on a weighing scale. A movably mounted emitter apparatus projects lines of a known distance apart onto the parcel so that the number of lines may be counted by a scanner to determine a first linear dimension of the placed parcel. After the first count is performed, the emitter apparatus is rotated in place 90.sub.-- so as to project a second set of lines on the first surface of the placed parcel. The second set of lines is then counted so as to determine a second linear dimension of the placed parcel. After the second count is performed, the emitter apparatus is moved so as to project a third set of lines on a second surface of the parcel, wherein the second surface is perpendicular to the first surface. The third set of lines is counted to determine the third linear dimension of the placed parcel.

Abstract: A sensor method and apparatus for an optical wheel alignment machine utilizes one or more light sources, such as lasers, to project a laser line or other shaped light onto various locations about the sidewall of a tire undergoing measurement. The sensor includes a video camera or other light responsive receiver and a optical system that combines the reflected laser lines into a single image that is received by the camera. The optical system also rotates one or more of the reflected laser lines so that all of the reflected portions have the same general orientation upon entering the camera. The camera outputs a video data stream that is indicative of the image. The sensor has an electronic circuit that analyzes this video data stream in real time to determine the location in the image of a preselected feature of each of the laser lines. The circuit then outputs coordinate data indicative of the location of this feature.

Abstract: A line projection part provided on a distal-end part of an endoscope for projecting a light of a line toward the side of an object. A plurality of points are assigned on a line which is projected so as to pass through a recess or the like which resides in an object surface, to calculate an approximate line which expresses the line three-dimensionally. Further, a measurement point is assigned onto the line which passes through the recess, to find a three-dimensional coordinate thereof. A distance from the three-dimensional coordinate to the approximate line is found to calculate a depth of the recess or the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a pictorial illustration of a site to be mapped, such as for reconstruction of a vehicle accident site. In accordance with the method, the site is marked with visible indicia of scale, a camera is then suspended over the site and a vertically overhead photographic image of the site is taken, the photographic image is then processed and scaled utilizing the visible indicia marked on the site, and a pictorial illustration is creating by applying symbols to the photographic image. The camera is suspended over the site beneath a blimp. The photographic image can be digitized if desired. The apparatus according to the invention includes the blimp, an appropriate suspension apparatus for the camera beneath the blimp, a receiver system including a shutter control for the camera, and a remote transmitter for sending control signals to the receiver system in order to control taking of photographs by the camera.

Abstract: A magnifying lens system is fixed to the lower end of a vertically adjustable support plate to overlie a workpiece, and to project an image thereof upwardly through a beamsplitter to the image sensor of a video camera that is mounted for vertical adjustment on the support plate above the lens system. A portion of the lens system registers with the reflective surface of a mirror which is inclined to the horizontal, and which registers also with the output of a reticle projecting mechanism that is operatively connected to the video camera for vertical adjustment therewith on the support plate. During auto-focusing, an image of a reticle contained in the reticle projecting mechanism is projected via the mirror, the lens system and the beamsplitter onto the surface of the workpiece. Since the reticle projecting mechanism is coupled to the camera, magnification of the images of the workpiece surface and the reticle will occur simultaneously.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for inspecting surfaces are disclosed. The present invention provides a system which is particularly useful for inspecting the inner race of a bearing and uses two video probes to create dual displayed views of the inner surface. The bearing is slowly rotated and the entire surface of the inner race is visually inspected by viewing the images collected by the video probes. Preferably, a motorized stand and frame are provided that automatically rotate the bearing and automatically insert the video probes into the bearing respectively. The magnification provided by the video probes permits the detection of flaws invisible to the human eye, and in certain embodiments a scale on or adjacent to the video images is also provided so that the size of the defects viewed can also be accurately determined.

Abstract: A plurality of video cameras (7a-d) are mounted on a table which is adapted support a workpiece or other object to be measured, and the mounting of each camera to the table provides for controlled universal orientation of each camera via an articulating head having provision for selective rotation about each of two orthogonally related axes. The table is provided with vibration damping, whereby both the measured object, and the cameras which provide triangulation data for each measurement, can operate from the same rigid base, isolated from external sources of mechanical shock. The video signals of the cameras are fed, along with instantaneous optical-axis orientation data for each camera, to the computer of a coordinate-measuring machine.