Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are disposed opposite each other. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer is doped with a chiral agent. In the present disclosure, the liquid crystal layer of the display panel is doped with a chiral agent and a helical twisting force generated by the chiral agent is used to drive liquid crystal molecules around a pixel to rotate, which can reduce a dark region around the pixel and increase transmittance of the display panel.

Abstract: An optical element comprising a stacked liquid crystal (LC) structure for rotating polarization (e.g., handedness) of an incident circularly polarized light over a broad wavelength and incident angle for head-mounted displays (HMD)s display application is proposed. The stacked LC structure has a dual cell structures, which includes at least a first LC cell and a second LC cell, and the stacked LC structure rotates the polarized light for a broad band of light (e.g., visible spectrum) over a given field a view. The performance of designed dual LC cells structures may be optimized for narrow band wavelength and a narrow incident angle for different application cases.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a display, a prism module and a filter layer is provided. The prism module is disposed on the display. The prism module includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of prism structures. The prism structures are located on the transparent substrate, and a plurality of tips of the prism structures is located away from the display. The filter layer is disposed between the prism module and the display, or the prism module is disposed between the filter layer and the display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes first and second substrates, first and second alignment layers, and a liquid crystal layer between the alignment layers and including liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecules on a surface of the first alignment layer have a first pretilt angle in a direction which is vertical with respect to a horizontal plane surface parallel to the first substrate, and a first alignment angle in a direction which is horizontal with respect to a horizontal line parallel to the horizontal plane surface. The liquid crystal molecules on a surface of the second alignment layer have a second pretilt angle in the direction which is vertical with respect to the horizontal plane surface and different from the first pretilt angle, and a second alignment angle in the direction which is horizontal with respect to the horizontal line and different from the first alignment angle.

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus includes a display device, a liquid crystal panel, and a lens unit. The display device is configured to output polarized lights of one or more images with a first polarization direction. The liquid crystal panel is coupled to the display device and contains a plurality of pixel display areas to receive the polarized lights. The display areas can be individually controlled by corresponding active switches to a first state in which the first polarization direction is transformed into a second polarization direction or a second state in which the first polarization direction is maintained. Further, the lens unit is coupled to the liquid crystal panel and is configured to guide the polarized lights with the second polarization direction to pass through for 2D display and to guide polarized lights with the first polarization direction into predetermined transmitting directions for 3D display.

Abstract: A method for the control of a liquid crystal display that includes a matrix of pixels arranged in crossed lines and columns. A switching of state of the liquid crystal molecules, is controlled by application of an electrical control signal between two electrodes (50, 52) framing each pixel, generates a flow according to a particular direction (18), characterized in that, to control the switching of at least some of the pixels (P). The method includes applying to at least one neighboring pixel (58), according to the direction of flow, of a pixel (P) whose switching is controlled by the electrical control signal, auxiliary electrical signals whose amplitude is less than the anchorage breaking voltage and whose rising or falling edges are temporally placed in advance or in coincidence with the active falling edge of the electrical control signal, to favor the switching of the said pixel to be controlled (P).

Abstract: A pair of polarizers having different polarization efficiencies is employed for a display device. With such a pair of polarizers, the brightness may increase without deteriorating the contrast.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display device including: a liquid crystal layer; a first substrate configured to include a first polarization film and a first retardation film; and a second substrate configured to include a second polarization film and be disposed on a side on which the first retardation film, of the first polarization film and the first retardation film, is disposed, of the first substrate, with intermediary of the liquid crystal layer, wherein an in-plane retardation value R0 of in-plane direction of the first retardation film and a thickness retardation value Rth of thickness direction of the first retardation film satisfy expression (A): R0?(?)×Rth?25??(A).

Abstract: There is provided a polarizer integrally containing view angle compensating film used in an in-plane switching liquid crystal display (IPS-LCD) filled with liquid crystal (??>0) having positive dielectric anisotropy and an in-plane switching liquid crystal display comprising the same. More particularly, there is provided an integrated polarizer capable of being used to manufacture a thin polarizer and securing a good view angle by employing a view angle compensating film as a protective film of a polarizing film forming the polarizer and an IPS-LCD comprising the same. The integrated polarizer comprises a polarizing film; a protective film attached to one surface of the polarizing film; and a +A plate coated with a +C plate attached to the other surface of the polarizing film. The +C plate is coated in the form of liquid crystals.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) display apparatus is provided. The 3D display apparatus includes a display device, a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal panel, and a lens unit. The display device is configured to output first polarized lights of an image. The TN liquid crystal panel is coupled to the display device and containing a plurality of controllable pixel display areas to receive the polarized lights with a first polarization direction from the display device. Each pixel display area is capable of being in a first state in which the first polarization direction is transformed into a second polarization direction different from the first polarization direction and a second state in which the first polarization direction is maintained.

Abstract: A super-twist nematic (STN) liquid crystal (LC) light shutter with improved contrast performance, lower power requirements and enhanced off-axis performance. Compensator components may be disposed in front of and, in some cases, behind the liquid crystal cell. In some embodiments, a STN LC cell with a twist angle of 270 degrees may be used. In other embodiments, a STN LC cell with a twist angle ranging between just greater than 270 degrees and 285 degrees may be used. Also disclosed is a system incorporating the various disclosed STN LC shutters.

Abstract: The OCB mode liquid crystal display device applies a black display voltage V(Tr) with temperature characteristic requirements expressed by: V(T)=<Vs(T), and V(Tr??T)=V(T)=<Vs(Tr), where T represents a panel temperature of the liquid crystal panel, Tr represents a sensed temperature, ?T represents a temperature difference between the panel temperature and the sensed temperature, and Vs(T) represents an optimal black display voltage.

Abstract: An elliptical polarizer is provided having excellent viewing angle improving effects. The elliptical polarizer includes a polarizer, a first optical anisotropic layer, and a second optical anisotropic layer, laminated in this order. The first optical anisotropic layer satisfies the requirements of 0.8?NZ1?1.6 and 120?Re1?250 and is disposed so that the slow axis thereof is orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizer. The second optical anisotropic layer is a liquid crystal film having a retardation value in the plane of 30 to 150 nm with respect to a 550 nm wavelength light and fixed in a nematic hybrid alignment wherein the average tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystalline polymer exhibiting a positive optical uniaxiality, and is disposed so that the aligned direction thereof is parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizer.

Abstract: A new concept of the LCD light-switching optical filter allowing for very high, electrically controlled, continuously variable light attenuation (up to ?100.000) optimized/symmetrized for the light incidence along the normal to the LCD plane is proposed. The new LCD light-switching optical filter also exhibits very low light attenuation dependence for the oblique incidence of light within a limited cone of angles off the normal incidence direction in compliance with the international safety and quality regulation EN 379 for personal protection equipment. According to the invention the problem is solved by specific, novel modification of the general principle of highly twisted nematic LCDs, allowing for the adaptation of the light transmission/driving voltage characteristics to specific requirements of the driving electronics as well as “symmetrizing” the overall optical birefringent properties, which in turn results in a high degree of their angular compensation.

Abstract: An STN liquid crystal display, wherein a twist angle of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is 155° to 210°, and a first angle between a polarizing axis direction of the first polarizer and an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in contact with the first transparent substrate and a second angle between a polarizing axis direction of the second polarizer and an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in contact with the second transparent substrate are each larger than 0° and smaller than 90°, and a sum of the first and second angles is 90°±7°. The STN liquid crystal display is provided having a high contrast ratio and good characteristics of viewing angle.

Abstract: Optical compensation elements include first phase plates and second phase plates, which have retardation in a front-plane direction. When a value ?n/?n? is set by normalizing a retardation amount ?n·d relating to light of each of wavelengths by a retardation amount ?n?·d relating to light of a predetermined wavelength ?, a normalized value ?n/?n? in the first phase plate is greater than a normalized value ?n/?n? in a liquid crystal layer, and a normalized value ?n/?n? in the second phase plate is less than the normalized value ?n/?n? in the liquid crystal layer, with respect to light of wavelengths other than the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal cell including liquid crystal operating in a twisted nematic mode; a first quartz plate optically compensating for the liquid crystal cell; a second quartz plate optically compensating for the liquid crystal cell; and a pair of polarizing elements disposed with the liquid crystal cell, the first quartz plate, and the second quartz plate interposed therebetween. Here, the thickness d [?m] of the first and second quartz plates, the polar angle ? [°] of the optical axis of the first and second quartz plates, and the cell gap CG [?m] of the liquid crystal cell satisfy the following conditional expressions: 0.7(16 cos2 ??23.6 cos ?+14.6)(1+0.32(CG?3.0))<d??(1) d<1.3(16 cos2 ??23.6 cos ?+14.6))(1+0.32(CG?3.0))??(2).

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal cell having an improved contrast ratio in an oblique direction and an improved color shift in an oblique direction is provided. A liquid crystal panel according to the present invention includes: a liquid crystal cell; a first polarizer arranged on one side of the liquid crystal cell; a second polarizer arranged on another side of the liquid crystal cell; a negative C plate and a negative A plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer; and an isotropic optical element arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer. The negative C plate is arranged between the first polarizer and the negative A plate.

Abstract: An optical element of the invention comprises at least three laminated circular-polarization-type-reflection polarizers (a) whose wavelength bands for selective reflection of polarized light overlap one another; a layer (b1) which is placed between at least a pair of the circular-polarization-type-reflection polarizers (a) and has a front retardation of substantially zero (in the normal direction) and a retardation of at least ?/8 with respect to incident light inclined by at least 30° relative to the normal direction; and a layer (b2) which is placed between at least another pair of the circular-polarization-type-reflection polarizers (a) and has a front retardation of substantially zero (in the normal direction) and a retardation of at most ?/2 with respect to incident light inclined by 60° relative to the normal direction.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device includes upper and lower substrates, first and second ferroelectric liquid crystal layers, a nematic system crystal layer, and first and second electrodes. The electrodes and liquid crystal layers are located between the substrates, with the nematic liquid crystal layer between the ferroelectric liquid crystal layers. The ferroelectric liquid crystal layers have different spontaneous polarization directions. An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layers using the electrodes. The ferroelectric liquid crystal layers react to different electric field to conduct an in-plane driving of liquid crystal molecules in the nematic liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal electro-optical device is offered which can operate at high speeds and easily oriented. The value of the surface tension of liquid crystal-orienting layers is 40 dynes/cm or more, and these layers are rubbed in antiparallel directions to each other. This reduces the pretilt angle of the molecules of a nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates. The anisotropy of the dielectric constant of the nematic liquid crystal is positive.

Abstract: A trans-reflective type In-Plane Switching (IPS)-LCD device capable of implementing a single gap and a wide viewing angle, and minimizing an occurrence area of disclination at an interface between a transmission region and a reflection region, and a method for designing the same. First and second alignment layers have characteristics to allow LC in a transmission region can be aligned in the same direction as a transmission axis of a lower polarizer. A third alignment layer is aligned so that the LC in the reflection region can be twisted from a lower side to an upper side with a predetermined twisted angle (?). Here, the twisted angle (?) of the LC in the reflection region, and an angle (?) between an alignment direction of an uppermost LC in the reflection region and the transmission axis of the upper polarizer are set so that optical reflectivity in the reflection region is ‘0’ when the LC is not driven.

Abstract: This invention relates to a transflective liquid crystal display device (11, 21), comprising a plurality of pixels, each comprising a liquid crystal layer (12, 22), being sandwiched between front and back electrode means (13, 23; 14, 24) as well as front and back polarizer means (17a, 27a; 17b, 27b). Said display device is characterized in that an optical ?/4 layer (16a, 26a) at least partly is arranged between said front polarizer (17a, 27a) and said liquid crystal layer (12, 22), and said liquid crystal layer (12, 22) is a liquid crystal layer having a twist angle essentially within a range ±80-100°, such as 90°. The invention further relates to methods for generating a quarterwave foil for use in a liquid crystal display as defined above.

Abstract: A new concept of the normally open LCD light switching element is proposed, which allows for the superior angular compensation for the light attenuation by using a single simple negative bireffingent c-plate compensation layer. The concept is based on the simultaneous use of highly angularly symmetric STN LC-configuration (preferably 180° twist) and maximal use of the single (preferably ordinary ray) light propagation mode. The solution is best suitable for various light switching applications like LCD automatic protective welding light filters, as well as for multi-segment large display panels, where it provides for excellent uniformity of the light-attenuation in the “dark” state.

Abstract: The invention provides a viewing angle control element capable of realizing high information concealment without damaging brightness of transmitted light and dynamically changing a viewing angle in accordance with need or no need of information concealment. The viewing angle control element according to the invention can include liquid crystal twist-aligned by approximately 180°, and have a liquid crystal layer being electrically controllable and a pair of polarizing layers provided at both sides of the liquid crystal layer. Optical axes of both polarizing layers can be arranged to be substantially parallel to each other, and liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer adjacent to the polarizing layers can be aligned to be substantially parallel to the optical axes of the polarizing layers.

Abstract: A polarizing element 20 has a first undulating structure in which a plurality of linear first recesses 22 are formed parallel to one another in one surface of a transparent substrate 21, and a dielectric layer 30 made from silicon dioxide is formed on the surface of the first undulating structure to produce a second undulating structure. The second undulating structure has formed therein second recesses 32 having a width W and a depth H, with second projections 33 having a width d intervening between adjacent second recesses 32. A thin-film-shaped conductive body 13 of width W and depth H is embedded in each of the second recesses 32.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with a touch panel is described. The liquid crystal display includes a front panel including an internal front polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, and a rear panel including a rear polarizer. A touch transparent panel is secured to the front surface of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A normally white supertwist nematic liquid crystal display of reflective type is provided. This display comprises a reflector, a layer of chiral nematic liquid crystal having a front aligning surface facing a light source and a rear aligning surface facing the reflector, and a front polarizer. The nematic liquid crystal has an optical retardation (?nd) of the layer and a distribution of directors, wherein the chiral nematic liquid crystal has a twist angle (?) between an alignment direction of the director at the front aligning surface and an alignment direction of the director at the rear aligning surface. The front polarizer is disposed between the layer of chiral nematic liquid crystal and the light source. The front polarizer has a transmission axis forming an angle (?) with the alignment direction of the director at the front aligning surface of the chiral nematic liquid crystal layer. The optical retardation (?nd) and the angle (?) are defined by the following formulas: ?((?)=sign(?)·(47.0?0.4936|?|+2.

Abstract: A laminated optical film comprising an optical film (1) obtained by stretching a polymer film comprising a polycarbonate resin and a styrene resin, wherein a photoelastic coefficient is 2.0×10?11 to 6.0×10?11 m2/N, and a three dimensional refractive index is controlled, an optical film (2) showing optically positive uniaxial property that satisfies a relationship of nx2>ny2?nz2, and an optical film (3) formed of a material showing optically negative uniaxial property, and the material being tilting aligned, enables inhibition of coloring of display image for observation of a display picture in a diagonal direction to normal line of a screen, and enables display of an image having little gradation inversion areas, and that has outstanding durability.

Abstract: A liquid crystal shutter comprises a liquid crystal device including a nematic liquid crystal sealed in between a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate on whose inner surfaces are formed respective transparent electrodes, the liquid crystal device having a twisted angle equal to or greater than 180°; and a pair of polarizing plates between which are sandwiched the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, the polarizing films having respective absorption axes (13, 14) which are substantially orthogonal to each other, the absorption axes (13, 14) of the polarizing films being angled within a range of ±40° to ±50°0 relative to a direction (12) in which intermediate liquid crystal molecules are orientated, the direction indicating a direction of orientation of the liquid crystal in the intermediate portion in the direction of thickness of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a d.c. voltage source for producing a common voltage such that the common voltage is substantially equal to a central voltage of a bipolar voltage signal.

Abstract: An elliptically polarizing plate, comprising a polarizer, a first optical anisotropic layer having positive refractive index anisotropy and an optical axis of the anisotropy that is tilted, and a second optical anisotropic layer having negative refractive index anisotropy and an optical axis that is tilted, have accurate retardation compensation of a liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal display maintains a display contrast having a sufficient visibility when the viewing angle is changed and which does not generate colorization.

Abstract: A liquid crystal shutter comprises a liquid crystal device including a nematic liquid crystal sealed in between a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate on whose inner surfaces are formed respective transparent electrodes, the liquid crystal device having a twisted angle equal to or greater than 180°; and a pair of polarizing plates between which are sandwiched the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, the polarizing films having respective absorption axes (13, 14) which are substantially orthogonal to each other, the absorption axes (13, 14) of the polarizing films being angled within a range of ±40° to ±50° relative to a direction (12) in which intermediate liquid crystal molecules are orientated, the direction indicating a direction of orientation of the liquid crystal in the intermediate portion in the direction of thickness of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A variable reflectance mirror employing a super-twisted nematic (STN) liquid crystal cell to control reflectivity. The STN liquid crystal cell includes a layer of STN liquid crystal material formed between a pair of transparent electrodes, where a polymer alignment layer is formed over the electrodes so as to orient the STN liquid crystal material to possess a twist angle between approximately 180° and approximately 270°. A pair of crossed polarizers are respectively positioned on the outer surfaces of the front and rear plates. A layer of reflective material is further formed adjacent to the outer surface of the polarizer adjacent to the rear plate. The transparent electrodes are connected to a voltage source to apply an electrical bias across the STN liquid crystal layer, where the transmitivity of the STN liquid crystal layer to light can be varied by varying the electrical bias applied across the transparent electrodes to vary the birefringence of the STN liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A reflection liquid crystal display comprises a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate disposed opposite to the first transparent substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and the second transparent substrate. A transparent electrode layer and an alignment layer are formed in that order on the inner surface of the first transparent substrate, a reflecting polarizing film formed by laminating a transparent scattering layer and a light absorbing layer is placed on the outer surface of the first transparent substrate, a transparent electrode layer and an alignment layer are formed in that order on the inner surface of the second transparent substrate, and a phase plate and a polarizing plate are placed in that order on the outer surface of the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: With a liquid crystal display device comprising an STN liquid crystal element (20) comprised of 200° to 260° twist aligned nematic liquid crystal (6) sandwiched between a first substrate (1) thereof, provided with a reflector (7) and first electrodes (3), and a second substrate (2) thereof, provided with second electrodes (4), a retardation film (12), and a polarizing film 11 that are disposed on the outer side of the second substrate (2) of the STN liquid crystal element, black display of low reflectance can be obtained_in all wavelength regions, thereby enabling bright display in high contrast to be effected by setting a &Dgr;nd value of the STN liquid crystal element 20 indicating a birefringent tendency thereof in a range of 0.7 to 0.8 &mgr;m, a retardation value indicating a birefringent tendency of the retardation film (12) in a range of 0.35 to 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to supertwist liquid-crystal displays (SLCDs) having very short response times and good steepnesses and angular dependences and to the novel nematic liquid-crystal mixtures employed therein, which are distinguished by the fact that they comprise at least one compound of the formula IA and at least one compound of the formula IB and/or at least one compound of the formula IC in which Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, q and p are as defined above.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the following construction. A transparent electrode is provided via color filter layer on a transparent substrate positioned at the upper side of the device. A metallic reflective electrode is provided on a substrate positioned at the lower side of the device. An alignment layer is provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode respectively. The transparent substrate positioned at the upper side and the substrate positioned at the lower side are arranged parallel to each other with alignment films provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode facing each other. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the alignment films. A scattering film is provided on a surface of the transparent substrate positioned at the upper side opposite to the surface where the transparent electrode is provided.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal display apparatus comprising: a liquid crystal cell having a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates each having at least one electrode, and liquid crystal molecules in said liquid crystal layer are oriented substantially in parallel to the surface of said substrate and twisted at an angle in the thickness direction of said liquid crystal layer when the voltage is not applied, a pair of polarizers disposed so as to sandwich said liquid crystal cell there between, wherein the angle of the polarized light transmission axis of said polarizer to the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the middle of said liquid crystal layer is less than 10.degree..

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell and a polymer film. The liquid crystal cell comprises a liquid crystal layer positioned between a pair of transparent substrates, on whose innersides transparent electrodes are provided. The polymer film is positioned at one side of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer and the polymer film are sandwiched by a pair of polarization films. A twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is set to be a predetermined value. The product of birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal, .DELTA.n.sub.LC, and a thickness of liquid crystal layer, d.sub.LC, .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC is set to be a predetermined value. The birefringence difference .DELTA.(R)=R.sub.Film -.DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC, which is defined by using the .DELTA.n.sub.LC .multidot.d.sub.LC and retardation of the polymer film, R.sub.Film, is set to be a value between 0.0 .mu.m and 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A three-dimensional stereovision imaging system (20) adapted for use with a polarizing filter (22). The inventive system (20) includes a stereovision projector (24) for generating a projection (26) of alternating left and right images. A polarizer (30) polarizes electromagnetic energy corresponding to the images (26) and provides a polarized image (34) in response thereto. A twist liquid crystal screen (28) controlled by a twist liquid crystal controller (36) rotates the plane of oscillation of the polarized image (40) by a first twist angle synchronized with the alternating left and right images. Polarizing glasses (42) direct the polarized image (40) from the twist liquid crystal (28) into alternate eyes in response to the polarization state of the polarized image (40). In a specific embodiment, the polarizing glasses (42) have first (44) and second (46) eye-pieces with first (44) and second (46) linear polarizers, respectively.

Abstract: Supertwist liquid crystal displays having very short switching times are obtained if the nematic liquid crystal mixture contains at least one component chosen from group A consisting of compounds of the formulae AI to AVI: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are each R and R is alkyl having 1-12 C atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--, and up to four other components.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device capable of being driven on a time division basis includes a liquid crystal panel sandwiching a liquid crystal layer having a twisted helical structure and preferably being disposed inside a pair of opposing polarizers, and a driving circuit for driving the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal layer if formed of a nematic liquid crystal material having a helical structure twisted by at least 180 degrees and the panel is driven on a time division driving basis in which the bias ratio is no less than 1/4 and no greater than 1/2. The driving voltage needed for operation of the liquid crystal device can thereby be substantially decreased.

Abstract: An optically anisotropic film comprising a liquid crystal composition having twisted nematic alignment, characterized in that the helical axis of twisted nematic alignment is substantially parallel to the direction normal to the film plane, and the liquid crystal composition shows a cholesteric phase, contains at least one liquid crystal oligomer selected from the linear or cyclic liquid crystal oligomers (A) such as obtained from reaction of a vinyl monomer having a specific cholesterol group and pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, and is defined by the fact that when the thickness of the film is represented by d (.mu.m) and the helical pitch of the twisted nematic phase is represented by P (.mu.m), d.gtoreq.3.times.P and P.ltoreq.0.3 .mu.m or P.gtoreq.0.8 .mu.m, wherein when the numbers of the recurring units (I) and (II) in one molecule of the liquid crystal oligomer (A) are supposed to be n and n', respectively, n and n' are each an integer of 1 to 20 and satisfy the relations of 4.ltoreq.n+n'.ltoreq.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved high-multiplexed supertwist liquid crystal displays in which each pixel is addressed by orthogonal row waver forms, the improvement wherein the nematic liquid crystal mixture consists essentially of 40-80% by weight of at least three compounds having a tolan-4,4'-diyl structure element.

Abstract: A pair of polarizing plates are disposed on two sides of an STN type liquid crystal cell constituted by a liquid crystal twist-aligned at a twist angle of 180.degree. to 270.degree.. A retardation plate is disposed between one of the polarizing plates and the liquid crystal cell in such a manner that the optical axis of the retardation plate crosses the transmission axis of the adjacent polarizing plate at 35.degree. to 55.degree.. The pair of polarizing plates are arranged such that their transmission axes are parallel to each other. The liquid crystal cell is arranged such that the optical axis of the retardation plate crosses the aligning direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate side adjacent to the retardation plate at a predetermined angle. A driving circuit is connected to the liquid crystal cell.