Abstract: A color substrate and a display device including the same. The color substrate includes: a substrate including first and second pixel regions spaced apart from each other, and a light shielding region between the first and second pixel regions; a first color conversion layer over the first pixel region and configured to convert incident light into first color light; a second color conversion layer over the second pixel region and configured to convert the incident light into second color light; and a retroreflective layer over the light shielding region and configured to retroreflect incident light through the first and second color conversion layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display and a backlight module which includes a reflective sheet, a light guide plate disposed on the reflective sheet, an optical assembly and a light source assembly, the light guide plate including a light guide portion and a support portion disposed to surround the light guide portion, and the optical assembly being located on a top of the light guide portion; and the light source assembly including a plurality of LEDs which are disposed between the support portion and the light guide portion and disposed to be opposite to an incident surface of the light guide portion. The light guide plate according to the present disclosure includes a light guide portion and a support portion disposed to surround the light guide portion, wherein the support portion is used to support the display module and fix the backlight module, thereby omitting a rubber frame.

Abstract: An array substrate, a method for fabricating the same and a display device are disclosed. The array substrate includes a substrate, and a first insulating layer and a thin film transistor which are arranged on the substrate in this order. The first insulating layer includes a colored region which is configured to absorb light. An orthographic projection of the colored region on the substrate at least covers an orthographic projection of the active layer of the thin film transistor on the substrate. By arranging the colored region of the first insulating layer, the light with a short wavelength from an external light source is absorbed. Thus, a channel of the active layer is protected, stable performance of a device is realized, and a service life of the device is prolonged.

Abstract: An array substrate, a reflective liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method for an array substrate are provided, so as to enhance the overall reflectance of the reflective liquid crystal display and improve the display contrast and quality of image displayed. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a reflective pixel electrodes array on the base substrate, and an auxiliary reflector at least including a plurality of first reflective strip elements, each first reflective strip element being located between two adjacent reflective pixel electrodes.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, one surface side of a first substrate is provided with a wall portion covering a light-shielding body with an edge overlapping a pixel electrode in a plan view and a transmissive body located in a region surrounded by the wall portion. A cavity is provided between a side surface of the wall portion and the transmissive body. The cavity has a refractive index of 1, and thus, there is a significant difference in refractive index at a boundary surface between the transmissive body and the cavity. Therefore, even in a case where light travels to advance obliquely toward the wall portion, the boundary surface between the transmissive body and the cavity reflects the light toward the transmissive body with high reflection efficiency, and contributes to display. The cavity is a vacuum.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source, a light guide plate, an optical sheet, and a light blocking member. The light guide plate includes a section of a peripheral surface opposed to the light source defined as a light entering surface, a section of the peripheral surface opposite from the light entering surface defined as an opposite surface, and a light exiting plate surface through which light exits. The optical sheet is disposed over the light exiting plate surface. The light blocking member is in an outer edge area of at least one of the light guide plate and the optical sheet to block the light from the light guide plate through the light exiting plate surface. The light blocking member extends in a peripheral direction along the peripheral surface in which the light entering surface and the opposite surface are arranged.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display panel, a method of manufacturing the display panel, and a display device. The display panel comprises an array substrate, a cover plate and frame glue, wherein the array substrate comprises a first metal strip and a second metal strip arranged in a packaging area; in the packaging area on a given side of a display area, the first metal strip comprises a plurality of first metal lines, the second metal strip comprises a plurality of second metal lines, and the first metal lines and the second metal lines intersect; and the array substrate has a maximum thickness at locations where the first metal lines intercept second metal lines.

Abstract: An array substrate, a display panel and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device are disclosed. The array substrate includes a base substrate and a plurality of pixel units which are arrayed on the base substrate; the pixel unit includes a bottom electrode for storage capacitance and a pixel electrode, the pixel electrode and the bottom electrode for storage capacitance are electrically insulated from each other so as to form a storage capacitor; the pixel electrode and the bottom electrode for storage capacitance in the pixel unit are at least partially overlapped with each other in a first direction so as to form the storage capacitance of the pixel unit, in which the first direction is parallel to the base substrate.

Abstract: An image display device for displaying a composite image, includes a transparent first display panel located in front of eyes of viewers for displaying a first image and a second display panel disposed so as to be spaced apart from the first display panel for displaying a second image, the image display device being configured to display a composite image obtained by composing the first image displayed by the first display panel and the second image displayed by the second display panel, the composite image being viewed.

Abstract: A pixel array includes pixel unit sets each including a substrate having first and second pixel regions, a scan line, first and second data lines extending along a second direction, first and second active devices respectively in the first and second pixel regions, and first and second pixel electrodes respectively located in the first and second pixel regions and electrically connected to the first and second active devices, respectively. The scan line includes a main scan line and first and second branch scan lines (connected to the main scan line) extending along a first direction. The first active device is electrically connected to the first branch scan line and the first data line. The second active device is electrically connected to the second branch scan line and the second data line. At least one of the first and second data lines is overlapped with the first and second pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A pixel structure, a display panel and a display device are provided. The pixel structure includes: a base substrate; a plurality of gate lines; a plurality of data lines; a plurality of pixel units, each includes a pixel electrode and a common electrode; and a common electrode line connected with the common electrode, wherein, the common electrode line includes a first part extended along the row direction and a second part extended along the column direction; the first part is electrically connected with the second part; both the first part and the second part are arranged in a same layer with the plurality of data lines; and a projection of the first part on the base substrate is at least partially disposed between projections of a gate line among the plurality of gate lines which is closest to the first part and the pixel electrode on the base substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel and a window cover disposed on the display panel. The window cover includes an active area and a non-active area including an icon area. The window cover includes a window base substrate, a first color layer which is disposed on the window base substrate and covers the icon area, a second color layer which is disposed on the first color layer and in which a first opening overlapping with the icon area is defined, a light-blocking layer which is disposed on the second color layer and in which a second opening overlapping with the first opening is defined, and an icon layer filling the first opening and the second opening.

Abstract: A display substrate, a method of manufacturing the same and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes a base substrate, a plurality of metal particles dispersedly disposed on the base substrate and forming a discontinuous film, a light shielding layer disposed on a side of the base substrate on which the plurality of metal particles are disposed and covering the plurality of metal particles, and a thin film transistor located on a side of the light shielding layer far away from the base substrate.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display panel having a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines crossing over each other thereby defining an array of a plurality of subpixels along a first direction and a second direction in the display panel. The display panel includes a black matrix layer defining a plurality of subpixel areas corresponding to the plurality of subpixels; a plurality of pixel electrodes, each of which in one of the plurality of subpixels and having an aperture region; and an auxiliary black matrix layer dividing the aperture region into at least two aperture sub-regions separated by the auxiliary black matrix layer.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel has a display region and a peripheral region on a periphery of the display region and includes: an array substrate; an opposed substrate, opposite to the array substrate; a sealant, in the peripheral region so that the array substrate and the opposed substrate are bonded to form a cell; and a black matrix layer, between the array substrate and the opposed substrate. At least one opening in the peripheral region is provided in the black matrix layer, the at least one opening includes a first annular opening which is between the sealant and the display region and surrounds the display region, and the black matrix layer is disconnected at a position of the at least one opening.

Abstract: A touch panel having a central region and a peripheral region, including: a substrate; a touch sensing layer disposed on the substrate; a wiring layer disposed on the peripheral region of the substrate electrically connected to the touch sensing layer; a first decorative layer disposed on the peripheral region and covering the wiring layer; a transparent adhesive layer disposed on the touch sensing layer and the first decorative layer; a cover substrate disposed on the transparent adhesive layer; and a second decorative layer disposed between the cover substrate and the transparent adhesive layer, and corresponding to the peripheral region.

Abstract: An array substrate, including a first substrate, a metal shielding layer, a first black shading layer, and a data line; in which the metal shielding layer includes a first shielding metal lines, and an orthographic projection of the first black shading layer onto the first substrate partially overlaps with orthographic projections of the two first shielding metal lines arranged at the opposite sides of the data line onto the first substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an array substrate, including; a step of providing a substrate; a step of making an electrode layer on the substrate; and a step of making a spacer layer and a spacer column on the electrode layer; wherein the spacer column is made by heat-treatment while the spacer layer is being formed, and a method for manufacturing an array substrate. The method for manufacturing an array substrate provided by the present invention can not only shorten the production cycle, lower the production cost, but also avoid the threshold voltage drift of the TFT due to the irradiation of a large area of ultraviolet rays.

Abstract: A display device is provided and includes a substrate and a light converting film disposed on the substrate, the light converting film has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the light converting film has a thickness H. The light converting film has at least one first element including Ti, Zr, Al, In, Zn, Sn, Sb, Si, Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Fe, Co, Ni, or Mn. At least one first element conforms to the following condition: a content of the first element in a region between the first surface and 0.1H of the light converting film is defined as a first content. A content of the first element in a region between 0.1H of the light converting film and the second surface is defined as a second content, and a ratio of the second content to the first content is ranged from 0.1 to 0.9.

Abstract: A method of generating directional rays and apparatuses performing the method are disclosed. A backlight may include a light source configured to generate a ray, a light guide plate configured to transfer the ray to a display panel, and a directional pixel configured to generate a plurality of directional rays by scattering the ray, in which each of the directional rays may be incident at a corresponding subpixel in the display panel.

Abstract: A display device comprising an active area and a surrounding area is provided. The active area includes a common electrode for receiving a common voltage. The surrounding area is located at a side of the active area, and the surrounding area includes a shielding metal layer and a surrounding circuit. The shielding metal layer is electrically isolated from the common electrode and receives a shielding voltage. The surrounding circuit and a first shielding metal are overlapped in a vertical projection direction, and the common voltage is power-isolated from the shielding voltage.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of first brackets adhered to the rear panel. A first bracket has a recess on a first surface where an adhesive is applied, and a first protrusion extending from a second surface and a second protrusion extending from the first protrusion. A connection bracket has a side wall and a plurality of first tab portions. The tab portion is provided into an opening of the first protrusion. A second bracket is provided adjacent to the plurality of the first brackets and attached to the connection bracket. A frame is mounted to the at least one second bracket. A light source is provided between the frame and the second bracket.

Abstract: A display device and a driving method thereof are provided. The display device has a display panel and a field-sequential backlight module arranged opposite to the display panel. The display panel includes a light incident surface and a light exit surface arranged opposite to the light incident surface. The field-sequential backlight module is disposed at a side of the display panel close to the light incident surface, and includes a plurality of light sources of three different colors. The display panel include a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer is configured to enable the display device to switch between an opaque or translucent state and a transparent state without introducing any polarizers to the display device.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel having a display area and a non-display area. A window is disposed on the display panel. A bezel portion is disposed on the window. The bezel portion at least partially overlaps the non-display area. An adhesive layer is disposed between the display panel and the window. An interlayer is disposed between the bezel portion and the adhesive layer. The interlayer has at least one ultrasound transmitting area overlapping the bezel portion.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of the invention, comprising: successively forming an insulation layer and a photoresist layer on a transparent substrate; performing an exposure and a development on the photoresist layer by a back exposure process, so as to form a trench in the photoresist layer, an open area of the trench proximal to the insulation layer is larger than that of the trench distal to the insulation layer; removing a portion of insulation material in a region of the insulation layer exposed through the trench by an etching process, so as to form a slot in the insulation layer; forming a metal layer on a side of the photoresist layer distal to the insulation layer, a portion of the metal layer is embedded in the slot; removing the photoresist layer and the metal layer thereon by a stripping process, and retaining the portion of the metal layer in the slot.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, and a semiconductor layer, and a gate line disposed over the first substrate. The gate line overlaps the semiconductor layer. The display device also includes a first insulating layer disposed over the semiconductor layer, wherein a first opening is formed through the first insulating layer. The display device further includes a metal pad disposed over the first insulating layer, being electrically connected to the semiconductor layer through the first opening, and a data line disposed over the first insulating layer, wherein the data line crosses the gate line. In addition, the display device includes a second insulating layer disposed over the metal pad and the first insulating layer, wherein a second opening is formed through the second insulating layer, and the second opening at least partially overlaps the gate line.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an array substrate, a display panel and a display device. The array substrate includes a substrate, data lines, gate lines, and a pixel unit, wherein a pixel electrode and a light shielding portion are disposed in the pixel unit, and for the light shielding portion and the data line corresponding to each other, an orthographic projection on the substrate of the light shielding portion is partially overlapped with an orthographic projection on the substrate of the data line, and wherein a part of each side, that is parallel to the data line, of an orthographic projection on the substrate of the pixel electrode is only overlapped with the orthographic projection on the substrate of the data line, and the other part of the each side is only overlapped with the orthographic projection on the substrate of the light shielding portion.

Abstract: A display device having less defective alignment is provided. A display device having a high aperture ratio and including a capacitor which can increase charge capacity is also provided. A display device having a high aperture ratio, including a capacitor with large charge capacity, and having less defective alignment is also provided. A display device includes a pixel in a region defined by a scan line, a data line, and a capacitor line. The pixel includes a liquid crystal layer between a counter electrode and a pixel electrode, a spacer in the liquid crystal layer, and a transistor connected to the pixel electrode. The pixel electrode has a depressed portion, and alignment in the liquid crystal layer is controlled by the depressed portion and the spacer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate facing the lower substrate, an optical medium layer between the lower and upper substrates, a display area at which an image is displayed, and a peripheral area adjacent to the display area and at which the image is not displayed. The lower substrate includes a flexible film on a lower base substrate and including a flat portion in the display and peripheral area, and the flat portion extending from the peripheral area and along a side surface of the lower base substrate to define a bent portion in the peripheral area, a thin film transistor on the flexible film in the display area, a connecting line on the flexible film in the peripheral area and electrically connected to the thin film transistor, and a wire grid polarizer between the flexible film and the optical medium layer in the display area.

Abstract: The present invention provides a COA substrate and a fabricating method thereof as well as a display device, and relates to the field of display technology, which solves the problem of a relatively large parasitic capacitance to be generated between the data line and the common electrode layer because the common electrode layer is formed on the black matrix directly in the existing technical solution, avoids signal delay, and improves the image display quality of the display. The COA substrate comprises: a black matrix, a color filter, a common electrode layer and an organic insulating film layer formed on the black matrix, the common electrode layer is formed on the organic insulating film layer, the organic insulating film layer is arranged on the color filter and covers the position of the color filter; the material of the organic insulating film layer is an organic insulating material having a relative dielectric constant less than 10.

Abstract: A color filter substrate is provided, which includes a main body, and a touch flexible printed circuit (TFPC) and a black matrix arranged on the main body. The TFPC includes one or more light-transmissible regions, and an orthogonal projection of each light-transmissible region onto the main body does not overlap an orthogonal projection of the black matrix onto the main body.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a gate line in a first direction, a data line in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a pixel including a first region having a transistor connected to the gate and data lines, and a contact hole connecting the transistor to a pixel electrode, and a second region having the pixel electrode, wherein a length of a first width along the first direction on the first region is longer than a length of a second width along the second direction on the first region, and wherein a length of a third width along the first direction on the second region is longer than a length of a fourth width along the second direction on the second region.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a reflective liquid crystal display element includes a first substrate, an electronic circuit and an insulating layer including the electronic circuit formed on a surface of the first substrate, a plurality of reflection metal electrodes formed on a surface of the insulating layer, a plurality of spacers, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate with the plurality of spacers interposed therebetween, a plurality of color filters formed on a surface of a second substrate, the plurality of color filters corresponding to the plurality of reflection metal electrodes, a coating layer formed so as to cover the plurality of color filters, a transparent electrode formed on a surface of the coating layer, and a liquid crystal formed in a spatial area between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A display panel may include the following elements: a substrate; a first-color filter, which overlaps the substrate and may include a first-color portion and a first-color part; a second-color filter, which may include a second-color portion and a second-color part; a third-color filter, which may include a third-color portion and a third-color part; a light-blocking structure, which may be positioned between the first-color part and the second-color part in a plan view of the display panel and may include the first-color portion, the second-color portion, and the third-color portion, wherein the first-color portion, the second-color portion, and the third-color portion are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: Imaging devices and electronic apparatuses incorporating imaging devices are provided. An imaging device as disclosed can include a first pixel (2PA, 2PB) and a second pixel (2X). The first and second pixels each have a first electrode (51A, 51B, 51C), a portion of a photoelectric conversion film (81), and a portion of a second electrode (82), where the photoelectric conversion film is between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode (51A, 51B) of the first pixel has a first area, while the first electrode (51C) of the second pixel has a second area that is smaller than the first area. The first pixel can include a light shielding film (52A, 52B). Alternatively or in addition, the first pixel can be divided into first and second portions.

Abstract: A display apparatus has a display panel having a display region, a light shielding region surrounding the display region, and an outer region located outside of the light shielding region; a support frame disposed at a rear surface side of the display panel, the support frame including a panel supporting portion which supports a peripheral portion of the display panel from a rear side, and an extension beginning from the panel supporting portion and extending away from the display panel; and a light shield disposed at the rear surface side of the display panel, the light shield including a light-shielding portion which is disposed between the display panel and the support frame, the light-shielding portion extending so as to overlap at least a portion of the light shielding region and the outer region of the display panel as viewed from a normal direction of the display panel, and a fixture portion beginning from the light-shielding portion and extending away from the display panel, the fixture portion being

Abstract: A display device and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The display device includes a lower substrate, subpixels positioned on the lower substrate, and a fine alignment key positioned in at least one of the subpixels. The method of manufacturing the display device includes forming an alignment key outside a target substrate and forming a fine alignment key inside an active area defined as a display area on the target substrate, aligning the target substrate and a mask substrate using the alignment key and the fine alignment key, and performing an exposure operation using the target substrate and the mask substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes: a thin film transistor array panel through which an incident light passes; and a color conversion display panel from which wavelength-converted incident light is emitted to display an image, the color conversion display panel including: a substrate facing the thin film transistor array panel; and between the second substrate and the thin film transistor array panel: color conversion patterns which each wavelength-converts the incident light passed through the thin film transistor array panel, and a transmission pattern which transmits the incident light passed through the thin film transistor array panel; a polarization layer disposed respectively between the thin film transistor array panel, and each of the color conversion and transmission pattern; and an imprint resin layer disposed respectively between the polarization layer, and each of the color conversion and transmission pattern, the imprint resin layer defining an uneven surface thereof facing the polarization layer.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display panel LCD wherein a CF substrate S1 on which color filters are formed and a TFT substrate S2 on which thin film transistor circuits are formed are layered on top of each other with liquid crystal being sealed between the two substrates, characterized in that a black light blocking region BM is formed in a frame portion of the CF substrate S1, and an identification mark M drawn as a negative pattern is provided to a part of the light blocking region, and a metal film MT1 is provided to the TFT substrate S2 in such a location as to block light that transmits through the identification mark.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid-crystal display (LCD) device which can include a thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a sealant for attaching the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate together. The TFT array substrate may include a plurality of conductive lines extended below the sealant, and the conductive lines may have transmissive portions through which UV light irradiated to cure the sealant is allowed to pass.

Abstract: A display panel and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device are disclosed. The display panel is divided into a display area and a non-display area, and the display panel includes: a display substrate; an upper substrate which is arranged on the display side of the display substrate and cell-assembled with the display substrate; and an adhesive layer which is arranged between the upper substrate and the display substrate, and the display panel further includes a thin film layer which is arranged on the side of the upper substrate away from the display substrate, a region of which corresponding to the non-display area is an opaque area, and a region of which corresponding to the display area is a transparent area. Thus, the structure is simplified, the manufacturing method of the display panel is simplified without side curing, and the cost is also reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a color filter including a filter portion and a black mask which is arranged around the filter portion and shields light, a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal portion including a display region corresponding to the filter portion, and a protection cover which is arranged on a display side of the liquid crystal panel and is made of a translucent material. The protection cover includes an intermediate layer having a pattern in which a partial light shielding region and a partial light transmitting region are mixed corresponding to a part of the black mask arranged outside the filter portion, and a light shielding layer arranged outside the intermediate layer and having the same material and color as the partial light shielding region.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a light source which generates a first light, a display module which displays an image, a light guide plate disposed under the display module, and an optical filter disposed under the light guide plate to face the display module. The optical filter includes a filter layer which transmits a portion of the first light from the light guide plate and reflects a remaining portion of the first light except for the portion and an absorbing layer disposed under the filter layer to absorb the first light transmitted thereto through the filter layer. As an incident angle of the first light incident to the filter layer with respect to a normal line of an upper surface of the filter layer increases, an overlapping bandwidth between a reflection wavelength bandwidth of the filter layer and a wavelength bandwidth of the first light increases.

Abstract: A display device includes a bottom support plate and an opposing top support plate. A pixel region is between the bottom support plate and the top support plate. A color filter layer on an inner surface of the top support plate includes a plurality of color filters, wherein a first color filter of the plurality of color filters is positioned within the pixel region. A black matrix member is disposed between the first color filter and an adjacent second color filter of the plurality of color filters. A portion of the first color filter is disposed over the black matrix material and a portion of the second color filter is disposed over the portion of the first color filter.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments relate generally to a display device that may include: a first substrate and a second substrate, each including a transparent encapsulation area; an outer sealant along a side of the transparent encapsulation area; a pattern part disposed on the first substrate and extending in a direction parallel to the outer sealant; and a transparent sealant adjacent to the pattern part and extending in a direction parallel to the pattern part, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: A display panel including a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels includes a light blocking part configured to define a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening, a first color filter which overlaps the first opening, a second color filter which overlaps the second opening and having a green color, a third color filter which overlaps the third opening, and a wire grid polarizer including a first stitch line spaced apart from the second opening in a plan view.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a blue light blocking layer to block a blue light which is not converted by a color conversion layer, and a reflection preventing layer over the blue light blocking layer to prevent reflection of external light incident thereon.

Abstract: A VA liquid crystal display panel based on BM-less technology and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The VA liquid crystal display panel based on BM-less technology includes a color mixture prevention zone that is formed of a stacked arrangement of red color resist and blue color resist and is used in combination with a main photo spacer and a sub photo spacer that are formed of a black material as a substitute of a black matrix. Further, the color mixture prevention zone has a portion that corresponds to the main photo spacer and the sub photo spacer and includes a recess formed therein. The main photo spacer is in engagement with a bottom of the recess to increase a height difference between the main photo spacer and the sub photo spacer and thus expanding LC margin and ensuring product yield rate.

Abstract: There is provided an active matrix EL display device that can display a clear multi gray-scale color display to reduce the shift in the potential caused by the potential drop due to the wiring resistance of a power source supply line, in order to decrease the unevenness in a display region. A plurality of drawing out ports of the power source supply line are arranged. Further, in the wiring resistance between the external input terminal and the pixel portion power source supply line, potential compensation is performed by supplying potential to the power source supply line by a feedback amplifier. Further, in addition to above structure, the power source supply line may be arranged in a matrix.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with convex displays. A convex display may be used to maximize the internal volume of a device. Convex displays may be formed from one or more flexible layers. A flexible display layer may be mounted to a rigid support structure or a rigid cover layer. Flexible display layers that conform to the curved shape of a rigid structure may provide additional internal volume in which internal components of the device may be positioned.