Abstract: According to an aspect, a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, a plurality of reflective electrodes, a counter electrode facing the reflective electrode, and a liquid crystal layer. The reflective electrodes are provided for each of the pixels, and each of them includes a plurality of electrodes, with a combination of the areas of which area coverage modulation is performed by using n bits. The electrodes are configured such that a ratio of the sum of the perimeter(s) of electrode(s) corresponding to each bit of the n bits satisfies 1:2: . . . :2n-1. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the reflective electrode and the counter electrode. The semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device is configured to carry out reflective display using the reflective electrode and carry out transmissive display using at least a space of the reflective electrode between the pixels.

Abstract: A display capable of obtaining high contrast and an electronic unit including the display are provided. The display includes: a liquid crystal display panel including a liquid crystal layer and a light reflective layer; and an optical laminate disposed on the liquid crystal display panel, in which the optical laminate includes a first retardation layer, a light diffuser layer, a second retardation layer, and a polarization layer in order from a side closer to the liquid crystal display panel, the first retardation layer is a negative C-plate, and the second retardation layer is a ?/4 plate or a combination of a ?/4 plate and a ?/2 plate arranged in order from a side closer to the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a reflective layer, a common electrode and a pixel electrode. The base substrate includes a pixel area having a transmissive area and a reflective area. The reflective layer is disposed in the reflective area of the base substrate. The common electrode includes a first sub-common electrode formed in the reflective area and a second sub-common electrode formed in the transmissive area. The pixel electrode includes a first sub-pixel electrode spaced apart from the first sub-common electrode by a first distance in the reflective area, and a second sub-pixel electrode spaced apart from the second sub-common electrode by a second distance less than the first distance in the transmissive area.

Abstract: A volumetric display for displaying three dimensional (3D) images. The volumetric display uses a flat panel display to output light into a volumetric diffuser, and an array of electrowetting lenses between the flat panel display and the volumetric diffuser to direct light emitted by one or more of the pixels of the flat panel display toward a location within the display volume such that the location is illuminated brighter than other locations within the display volume.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a display system includes a subpixelated display panel and a backlight array of individually controllable multi-color light emitters. When the display panel comprises a multi-primary subpixel arrangement having a white (clear) subpixel, the backlight control techniques allows the white subpixel to function as a saturated primary display color. In another embodiment, the display system may calculate a set of virtual primaries for a given image and process the image using a novel field sequential control employing the virtual primaries. In another embodiment, a display system comprises a segmented backlight comprising: a plurality of N+M light guides, said light guides forming a N×M intersections; a plurality of N+M individually addressable light emitter units, each of said N+M light emitter unit being associated with and optically connected to one of said N+M light guide respectively.

Abstract: A hard coating film is provided and includes a transparent plastic substrate film, and a hard coating layer. The transparent plastic substrate film has mutually independent microscopic pits in at least one surface thereof, the microscopic pits each independently have a depth of 3 ?m or below, the microscopic pits have an average length of major diameters of from 0.5 ?m to 20 ?m, and the number of the microscopic pits is from 25 to 3,000 per mm2.

Abstract: There is provided an extremely thin light diffusing film, which has strong light diffusibility, has suppressed backscattering, and is excellent in productivity. The light diffusing film includes: a first region having a first refractive index; a substantially spherical shell-shaped refractive index modulation region surrounding the first region; and a second region having a second refractive index, the region being positioned on a side of the refractive index modulation region opposite to the first region. The light diffusing film has a light diffusion half-value angle of 30° or more and a thickness of 4 ?m to 25 ?m, and satisfies the following expressions (1) and (2): y?0.011x (30?x?60)??(1) y?0.0275x?0.99 (60<x)??(2) where x represents the light diffusion half-value angle (°) and y represents a backscattering ratio (%), the expressions (1) and (2) each representing a relationship between a numerical value for the light diffusion half-value angle and a numerical value for the backscattering ratio.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display device including a reflection type image display portion having a sheet-like anisotropic scattering member. In an area, in an in-plane direction, of the anisotropic scattering member, a low-refractive index area and a high-refractive index area are disposed in a mixture style. The anisotropic scattering member is disposed in such a way that a light is scattered when an outside light is made incident from a surface side on which a degree of a change in a refractive index in a vicinity of a boundary between the low-refractive index area and the high-refractive index area is relatively large, and is emitted from a surface side on which the degree of the change in the refractive index in the vicinity of the boundary between the low-refractive index area and the high-refractive index area is relatively small.

Abstract: Manufacture of a liquid crystal display is disclosed. The liquid crystal display includes a backlight unit, a backlight unit-side polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal cell held by two glass plates, the liquid crystal cell having an electrode, a liquid crystal layer, an alignment layer, and a color filter arranged between the glass plates. The liquid crystal display also includes a transparent front plate arranged at a side of the liquid crystal cell opposite to the backlight unit, a polarizing plate attached to the liquid crystal cell, and a transparent organic medium layer arranged between the front plate and the liquid crystal cell. Since the front plate is provided at the outermost surface of an image display portion, and the transparent organic medium is filled between the front plate and the liquid crystal module, it is possible to achieve an improvement in wear resistance and a reduction in reflectance.

Abstract: A method for producing a single-layer diffractive combiner for a head-up display having a projection unit with n light sources of ?i wavelength(s), where i=1 to n sending light towards the combiner at an angle ?p. The method includes forming interference fringes for each ?i wavelength on a photosensitive layer with an interference of two light beams from a single laser source of wavelength ?e, where the forming step is repeated n times, and each time the forming step is repeated an angle ?i between the two beams is determined according to ?i=arcsin ((?e/?i)*sin(?p)), one of the interfering beams being divergent and having a spherical wave front and the other being a plane wave, the interference of the beams generating a diffractive network with an adjustable pitch and curved contour fringe lines.

Abstract: A conventional liquid crystal display comprises a number of components, so that a manufacturing cost cannot be reduced. Furthermore, a large-area substrate has problems in shipping. According to this invention, a liquid-crystal panel is prepared by forming individual optically functional films, a TFT device and a light-emitting device on a long thin film and then laminating the film by a transfer process. A base film to be a substrate in a liquid-crystal panel preferably has a thickness of 10 ?m to 200 ?m, a curvature radius of 40 mm or less as a measure of flexibility and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 50 ppm/° C. or less. Furthermore, it more preferably gives a variation of ±5% or less in mechanical and optical properties to a thermal history at 200° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film having polarization selectivity and diffusibility, and a means for easily producing the film. The polarizing diffuser film is composed of substantially one kind of crystalline resin having an intrinsic birefringence of not less than 0.1, has a total light transmittance to visible light of 50-90%, a transmission haze to visible light of 15-90% and a transition polarization degree to visible light of 20-90%.

Abstract: An optical sheet is structured to have a translucent substrate 12, an optical element 16 provided on one surface S1 of the translucent substrate 12, on which a plurality of unit prisms 14 or unit lenses are arranged, and a light diffusion layer provided between the one surface S1 and the optical element 16 and/or on another surface S2 of the translucent substrate 12, and at least one of the light diffusion layer 18 includes gap parts 22 as a light diffusion element. At this time, the gap parts 22 is preferably in an approximately oval shape oriented in a uniaxial direction in plan view.

Abstract: A symmetric diffusion film (SDF) and a flat panel display applied with the same are provided. The SDF comprises at least two different materials of a first material having a first refractive index mixed with a second material having a second refractive index, and the first refractive index is different from the second refractive index. The flat panel display comprises a symmetric diffusion film (SDF) disposed at one side of the upper polarizer, and the upper polarizer adapting no compensation film.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and method for collecting and directing light from a source via a light guide and modulated display assembly in an efficient manner through the design and use of prismatic optical structures, diffusers and/or light redirectors.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-glare film which has not only <1> sufficient anti-reflection property but also <2> a high level of contrast and <3> strong anti-glare properties and can be applied on a surface of various display devices such as a note PC, a desktop PC and a TV monitor. The anti-glare film of the present invention includes an anti-glare layer which has concavities and convexities on the surface, a haze according to JIS-7105-1981 in the range of 1.0-5.0%, and an average interval between concavities and convexities on the anti-glare layer surface Sm according to JIS-B0601-1994 in the range of 10-150 ?m.

Abstract: A display for presenting a stereoscopic image includes multiple layers of image forming devices configured to provide the stereoscopic image and an etched substrate configured to diffuse light projected through or from the multiple layers of image forming devices. The etched substrate is laminated or bonded to a front surface of the multiple layers of image forming devices.

Abstract: A display device comprising a light source and having an optical waveguide, a louver, an anisotropic scattering sheet, and a transmissive liquid crystal panel disposed along the path of light emitted from the light source. The light-restricting direction of the louver is tilted at an angle ? from the Y-axis direction. The value of the angle ? is set so that the arrangement direction of moiré created between the louver and the liquid crystal panel approaches the X-axis direction. A plurality of belt-shaped convex portions extending in the Y-axis direction are formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet, and are configured so that the scattering direction of the light has anisotropy. Specifically, scattering in the X-axis direction is increased, and scattering in the Y-axis direction is reduced. Moiré can thereby be reduced in a display device having increased directivity of the display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of an embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid crystal layer, a specular reflection layer, the polarization layer disposed on the viewer's side, a retardation layer interposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarization layer, and a light scattering layer disposed on the viewer's side of the polarization layer. The light scattering layer has a scattering surface. The scattering surface includes a macro uneven structure which has light scatterability and a micro uneven structure which is superimposedly formed over the macro uneven structure and which is smaller than visible light wavelengths.

Abstract: An object is to provide a highly reliable liquid crystal display device which includes a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a more stable blue phase. Another object is to provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device with high yield. Polymer stabilization treatment is performed as follows: a photocurable resin is added to a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase, and the photocurable resin is selectively polymerized by scanning a liquid crystal layer provided between a first substrate and a second substrate with light in a certain direction. Thus, a first region where the light irradiation treatment is performed and a second region where the light irradiation treatment is not performed are formed in the liquid crystal layer. Since polymerization of the photocurable resin proceeds in the first region, the polymerization degree of the photocurable resin in the first region is higher than that in the second region.

Abstract: A display device having a display panel for displaying an image by spatial light modulation includes a plurality of pixel groups, each pixel group including a first pixel having a first type of luminance against viewing angle response, and a second pixel having a second type of luminance against viewing angle response, wherein the first and second luminance against viewing angle responses are different from one another. The display device further includes a controller operatively coupled to each of the plurality of pixel groups, wherein the controller is configured to drive each of the plurality of pixel groups such that on average the plurality of pixel groups simultaneously provide a predetermined on-axis luminance and an predetermined off-axis luminance for a region of the image corresponding to each pixel group.

Abstract: An optical sheet having a single sheet structure for an edge-lighting backlight unit using a printless light guide plate, a method of manufacturing the same, and a liquid crystal display apparatus using the same are provided. The optical sheet having a single sheet structure includes a first prism sheet having a prism pattern formed on the upper surface thereof, and a second prism sheet having a prism pattern formed on the upper surface thereof. Further, prism ridges of the first prism sheet are attached to the bottom surface of the second prism sheet by means of an adhesive so that the prism pattern of the first prism sheet and the prism pattern of the second prism sheet are directed in the same direction.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having high impact resistance and good display properties. In the present invention, the above-described object is attained by providing a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal panel, a transparent substrate having rigidity, and a fusion bonding layer comprising a thermoplastic resin, characterized in that the transparent substrate is bonded to a viewing-side surface of the liquid crystal display panel with the fusion bonding layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: An optical element covering member includes one or more optical elements, a support medium for supporting the one or more optical elements, and a covering member for covering the one or more optical elements and the support medium. At least one out of the one or more optical elements is a reflective polarizer, and the covering member has at least a region, through which the light inputted from a light source is emitted to a liquid crystal panel, the region having a phase difference lag of not more than 1/50 ? of a measured wavelength, with respect to an optical axis of the reflective polarizer.

Abstract: A 2D and 3D switchable display device includes an organic light emitting diode display unit, a polarization activated microlens, a polarization switching unit and a polarizer. The organic light emitting diode display unit includes a top substrate, a bottom substrate and an organic light emitting diode display array disposed between the top substrate and the bottom substrate. The polarization activated microlens is disposed between the top substrate and the organic light emitting diode display array, and the polarization activated microlens directly contacts both the top substrate and the organic light emitting diode display array. The polarization switching unit is disposed on the top substrate, and the polarizer is disposed on the polarization switching unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel in the pixel electrode and common electrodes formed within a pixel comprise repeating structures. The angular range of light incident from the light source is narrower along a direction of the repeating structures than along an orthogonal direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided that comprises a rearward LCD substrate sheet that has an array of vias formed, where the vias provide electrical conduction between both sides of the rearward LCD substrate sheet. The number of vias in the array is substantially equal to or at least equivalent to a combination of a number of column drive lines and a number of row drive lines. The respective drive lines are connected to a corresponding via, such as on one side of the rearward LCD substrate sheet, and respective patterned conductors are connected to a corresponding via, such as on the other side of the rearward LCD substrate sheet. The patterned conductors provide a connection between respective drive lines and one or more corresponding drivers. In one example, this allows a “full bleed” display to be generated.

Abstract: In a display device 10 according to the present invention, a display panel 11 and an optical sheet 15 are adjacent to each other without any other members therebetween. A chassis 14 housing a light source 17 has a sheet supporting portion 21b for supporting the optical sheet 15 at an outer-edge part thereof. A panel supporting member 250 for supporting the display panel 11 is arranged on the sheet supporting portion 21b. The optical sheet 15 has a cutout 151 and a tab 152 at an outer-edge part thereof. The tab 152 is supported by the sheet supporting portion 21b. The panel supporting member 250 is inserted in the cutout 151 and supports the display panel 11.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a liquid crystal display panel; and first and second light diffusing layers, each of which has a first major surface and a second major surface and each of which is arranged such that the first major surface opposes a viewer side surface of the liquid crystal display panel. Each of the first and second light diffusing layers includes a first region formed of a first substance which has a first refractive index N1 and a plurality of second regions formed of a second substance which has a second refractive index N2(<N1). The plurality of second regions are arranged in the first region at a predetermined pitch P in one direction in a plane parallel to the second major surface. Each of the plurality of second regions forms a plurality of interfaces with the first region, the interfaces being inclined by ?° from the normal of the second major surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes, among others, a light diffusion layer comprising a color conversion media layer and a non-conversion layer arranged on the second substrate and a backlight assembly to supply light to the first substrate and the second substrate. The backlight assembly supplies various wavelengths of lights, including blue light or UV ray. The blue rights through the liquid crystal layer enters the color conversion media layers and may generates red lights and green lights. In this case, blue lights go through non-conversion layer and diffuse and scatter out blue lights. The UV rays through the liquid crystal layer enters the color conversion media layers and may generates red light, green lights and blue lights.

Abstract: An electrically adjustable optical diffusion panel for use in film or video production having a frame, diffusion material affixed to the frame, where the transparency of the material is continuously and variably changeable between a substantially transparent state and a substantially opaque state in response to an electric potential applied to electrodes of the material and a controller and battery. The electrically adjustable diffusion panel eliminates the need for manually changing diffusion papers or other filters and provides a continuous range of selectable levels of transparency/diffusion.

Abstract: Thermochromic filters are constructed using absorptive, reflective, or fluorescent dyes, molecules, polymers, particles, rods, or other orientation-dependent colorants that have their orientation, order, or director influenced by carrier materials, which are themselves influenced by temperature. These order-influencing carrier materials include thermotropic liquid crystals, which provide orientation to dyes and polymers in a Guest-Host system in the liquid-crystalline state at lower temperatures, but do not provide such order in the isotropic state at higher temperatures. The varying degree to which the absorptive, reflective, or fluorescent particles interact with light in the two states can be exploited to make many varieties of thermochromic filters. Thermochromic filters can control the flow of light and radiant heat through selective reflection, transmission, absorption, and/or re-emission.

Abstract: An optical laminate film, a backlight unit, and a liquid crystal display module, the optical laminate film including a multilayer film composed of multiple layers including at least two polymers having different refractive indexes, the multilayer film transmitting only a light component vibrating in a direction parallel to one transmittance axis while reflecting other light components; an embossed diffusing film laminated on one side of the multilayer film, the embossed diffusing film having roughness on a surface thereof; and a microlens film laminated on another side of the multilayer film, the microlens film having microlenses arranged on a surface thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of high image quality is provided at a low cost, in which the viewing angle is restricted only in a specific direction. A liquid crystal display device of the present invention, which has a plurality of pixels in a matrix arrangement, includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a plurality of microlenses provided on a surface of the first substrate which is opposite to the liquid crystal layer, the microlenses being arranged so as to correspond to the plurality of pixels, and each of the microlenses having a curved surface configured to collect incoming light, wherein d satisfies the following relationship: d>p.((2n)2?1)½ where d is a thickness of the first substrate, p is an arrangement pitch of the plurality of pixels, and n is a refractive index of the major material of the first substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which can be manufactured at a low cost is provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a TFT substrate, a CF substrate of a size smaller than a size of the TFT substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the TFT substrate and the CF substrate. A ground pad is formed on a portion of the TFT substrate where the CF substrate does not overlap with the TFT substrate. A transparent conductive film is formed on an upper surface of the CF substrate. The transparent conductive film of the CF substrate and the ground pad formed on the TFT substrate are electrically connected with each other via a thermocompression bonding conductive tape. A double-sided adhesive tape is arranged between the thermocompression bonding conductive tape and an upper surface of the CF substrate and between the thermocompression bonding conductive tape and the TFT substrate.

Abstract: A diffuser prism sheet, an LCD back light unit including the same, and an LCD device including the same, the diffuser prism sheet including a base film made of a transparent material, and a light refracting part on a surface of the base film, the light refracting part including a plurality of unit prisms arranged in one direction, having a predetermined cross-sectional shape and valley regions between adjacent unit prisms, and light diffusing elements in the valley regions between the adjacent unit prisms.

Abstract: The light diffusion member includes a light diffusing body and a light diffusing layer. The light diffusing body includes a polymer mixture obtained by uniformly blending a first polymer having a first glass transition temperature and a second polymer having a second transition temperature higher than the first transition temperature. Alternatively, the light diffusing body includes a copolymer prepared from the first and the second polymer. The light diffusing body diffuses an incident light through a light exiting surface. The light diffusing layer is formed on the light exiting surface of the light diffusing body and includes a binder resin having beads. A back light assembly including the light diffusion member and a liquid crystal display device including the light diffusion member exhibit an improved luminance and an improved light diffusing efficiency.

Abstract: A display provides increased contrast and resolution via first LCD panel energized to generate an image and a second LCD panel configured to increase contrast of the image. The second panel is an LCD panel without color filters and is configured to increase contrast by decreasing black levels of dark portions of images using polarization rotation and filtration. The second LCD panel may have higher resolution than the first LCD panel. A half wave plate and/or film is placed in between the first and the second panel. The panels may be directly illuminated or edge lit, and may be globally or locally dimmed lights that may also include individual control of color intensities for each image or frame displayed.

Abstract: High-resolution, scalable multi-touch sensing display systems and processes based on frustrated total internal reflection employ an optical waveguide that receives light, such as infrared light, that undergoes total internal reflection and an imaging sensor that detects light that escapes the optical waveguide caused by frustration of the total internal reflection due to contact by a user. The optical waveguide when fitted with a compliant surface overlay provides superior sensing performance, as well as other benefits and features. The systems and processes described provide true multi-touch (multi-input) and high-spatial and temporal resolution capability due to the continuous imaging of the frustrated total internal reflection that escapes the entire optical waveguide. Among other features and benefits, the systems and processes are scalable to large installations.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and method for collecting and directing light from a source via a light guide and modulated display assembly in an efficient manner through the design and use of prismatic optical structures, diffusers and/or light redirectors.

Abstract: A backlight unit may be provided that includes a substrate, light sources, a light guide plate, at least one reflecting member, and an optical sheet. The light sources may be on the substrate. The light guide plate may include a light incident part having a light incident surface to which streaks of light respectively emitted from the light sources are laterally incident, and a light emitting part emitting the incident streaks of light upward. The reflecting member may be disposed on a lower surface of the light guide plate, and may reflect the incident light. The optical sheet may be disposed above the light guide plate. The reflecting member may include a first region having a first reflectance and a second region having a second reflectance.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to display devices with a brightness enhancement structure comprising display cells comprising partition walls, and brightness enhancement micro-structures. The present invention is also directed to processes for the manufacture of display devices. The processes enable fabricating a display device with the micro-structures aligned with the display cells of the display device.

Abstract: A flat panel display assembly and a method for constructing a flat panel display assembly are provided. The flat panel display assembly includes a substrate, a plurality of light emitting components mounted to the substrate, at least one diffusion component having concave and convex opposing surfaces. Each of the diffusion components is coupled to the substrate such that the concave surface thereof is between at least some of the plurality of light emitting components and the convex surface thereof. The at least one diffusion component is configured to diffuse light emitted from the at least some of the plurality of light emitting components as the light propagates therethough. A diffusion layer is coupled to the substrate such that the convex surface of each of the at least one diffusion component is between the concave surface thereof and the diffusion layer and configured to further diffuse the light that propagates through the at least one diffusion component.

Abstract: A white polyester film for a liquid crystal display reflective plate realizes a high level of brightness when used in side light type liquid crystal displays and direct type liquid crystal displays. The white polyester film for a light reflective plate has a thickness of 200 ?m or more, wherein, in at least one side (side A) of the white polyester film, M is M??0.0110 (%/nm) and R560?100 (%) when the wavelength dependency of spectral reflectance at a wavelength of 450 to 600 nm is approximated according to the following approximation formula R: R=M×?+B, in which R is an approximation formula by a least square method and represents a light reflectance (%), ? represents a wavelength of light (nm), M represents a wavelength coefficient (%/nm), B represents a constant (%), and R560 represents an estimated reflectance obtained by introducing ?=560 nm into the approximation formula R (%).

Abstract: An optical film for reducing color shift and an LCD having the same. The optical film is disposed in front of a display panel of the LCD. The optical film includes a background layer and a plurality of engraved or embossed lens sections formed in the background layer such that they are spaced apart from each other. When light having different colors depending on a viewing angle and a grayscale level is emitted, a portion of the light incident onto the lens sections is diffused, and is thus mixed with another portion of the light passing between adjacent lens sections. The cross-section of the lens sections includes first, second and third sides. The first and second sides face each other and are connected by the third side. The average curvature of the third side is smaller than that of the first side and than that of the second side.

Abstract: To provide a viewing-angle-enhancing film which is set in a liquid crystal display device at a position nearer to an observer than the position of a liquid crystal layer in the device, and which attains, at a high level, the compatibility of being enhanced in viewing angle with a decrease in the darkening of images at the time of observing the screen from the front thereof. A viewing-angle-enhancing film which is set in a liquid crystal display device at a position nearer to an observer than the position of a liquid crystal layer in the device, and simultaneously satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the film has a parallel ray transmittance of 5 to 90%; (2) the film has a diffusivity (A) of 1 to 20 degrees in its main diffusion direction; and (3) the film has a diffusivity ratio of 0.25 to 15% in the main diffusion direction.

Abstract: An optical film for reducing color shift in an LCD is disposed in front of a liquid crystal panel of the LCD. The optical film includes a background layer, a plurality of engraved lens sections formed in the background layer such that the engraved lens sections are spaced apart from each other, and packed portions, each of the packed portions being disposed inside a respective one of the engraved lens sections. The refractive index of the packed portions is different from that of the background layer. The packed portions are partially packed inside the engraved lens sections. The refractive index of the packed portions is greater than that of the background layer. The background layer and the packed portions are made of transparent polymer resin.

Abstract: A backlight device of the present invention includes a substrate (2), a liquid crystal layer (4), and a scattering layer (5). The substrate (2) has a surface facing the liquid crystal layer (4), on which surface two comb electrodes (3a and 3b) are provided. The comb electrode (3a) includes a plurality of comb-teeth parts (33a) meshing with a plurality of comb-teeth parts (33b) of the comb electrode (3b). Therefore, the comb electrodes (3a and 3b) can causes electric fields to be generated, in response to an applied voltage, in at least two directions each parallel to the surface of the substrate (2). Further, there is a region whose effective refractive indexes with respect to polarized light p and polarized light s become large. It is therefore possible to control emission of both the polarized light p and the polarized light s.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid-crystal display device which includes a diffuser board that does not produce striped mura on the surface of a liquid crystal panel even if point light sources are used as light sources of a backlight. A backlight apparatus 103 is provided with a diffuser board 103b having diffusion portions 103b1. At each of the diffusion portions 103b1, the light L emitted by a LED module 104 included in a light source unit 103a is reflected by prism patterns P and diffused around the LED module 104. Then, the diffused light is reflected again by a reflecting surface formed on the inner surface of a housing 103c and emitted from the backlight apparatus 103, thereby achieving illuminating light without mura.

Abstract: A light-scattering film includes a support; and a layer including a light-scattering particle and a light-transparent resin, wherein the light-scattering film satisfies following formulae (1) to (3) at the same time: nB435<nP435??Mathematical Formula (1) nB545<nP545??Mathematical Formula (2) 0.9<(nP435/nB435)/(nP545/nB545)<1.005??Mathematical Formula (3) wherein nP435 and nP545 represent refractive indexes of the light-scattering particle at wavelengths of 435 nm and 545 nm, respectively, and nB435 and nB545 represent a refractive indexes of the light-transparent resin at wavelengths of 435 nm and 545 nm, respectively.