Abstract: An anti-stress liquid crystal display structure and a manufacturing method are provided. The anti-stress liquid crystal display structure includes a first substrate, a plurality of thin film transistors, a second substrate, a plurality of pillar-shaped supporting elements, and a liquid crystal layer. The plurality of thin film transistors have a protection layer and include at least one first protruding part and at least one first concave part. One end of each of the pillar-shaped supporting elements is connected to the second substrate, and other end of each of the pillar-shaped supporting elements includes at least one second protruding part and at least one second concave part and is disposed on the protection layer of each of the thin film transistors. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A multi-state keyboard function row is provided. A plurality of representations can be formed on an insert of the multi-state keyboard function row. An assembly of the multi-state keyboard function row can be configured to cause either a first set of the representations or a second set of the representations to be visible to a user. A brightness of the representations may also be controlled based on a brightness of ambient light.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a camera, a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a liquid crystal panel, and a controller controlling the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel includes a first region and a second region. The controller controls a first opening mode of transmitting light through the first region and the second region, and a second opening mode of making a quantity of light transmitted through the first region smaller than a quantity of light transmitted through the second region.

Abstract: Processing methods may be performed to form a pixel material in a semiconductor substrate. The methods may include forming a lithographic mask overlying the semiconductor substrate. The lithographic mask may include a window. The method may include forming a via in the semiconductor substrate by a dry etch process through the window. The method may also include forming the pixel material by depositing a fill material in the via.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate; an array layer, disposed on the substrate; a light-emitting structure layer, disposed on the side of the array layer away from the substrate and including a plurality of sub-pixels, including first and second sub-pixels of a same color. The display panel includes first adjustment units and second adjustment units, disposed on the light-emitting structure layer. The first adjustment units are in one-to-one correspondence with the first sub-pixels, and vertical projections of each first adjustment unit and the corresponding first sub-pixel at least partially overlap. The second adjustment units are in one-to-one correspondence with the second sub-pixels, and vertical projections of each second adjustment unit and the corresponding second sub-pixel at least partially overlap. Light beams with a same phase, after passing through a first adjustment unit and a second adjustment unit, have a non-zero phase difference.

Abstract: Processing methods may be performed to forming a pixel material in a semiconductor structure. The methods may include forming a sacrificial hardmask overlying an uppermost layer of an optical stack of the semiconductor structure, the uppermost layer having a thickness. The methods may include forming a via through the sacrificial hardmask in the optical stack by a first etch process unselective to a metal layer of the semiconductor structure. The methods may include filling the via with a fill material, wherein a portion of the fill material extends over the sacrificial hardmask and contacts the metal layer. The methods may include removing a portion of the fill material external to the via by a removal process selective to the fill material. The methods may also include removing the sacrificial hardmask by a second etch process selective to the sacrificial hardmask while maintaining the thickness of the uppermost layer.

Abstract: A head-up display (HUD) device includes a plurality of backlight units (BLUs); a base including a base plate and a base body, the base plate being configured to support the plurality of BLUs, and the base body protruding upward from the base plate; a head detachably connected to the base; a sheet of glass disposed on an upper side of the head; and a thin film transistor disposed on a top surface of the sheet of glass, wherein the head includes a material with a higher thermal conductivity than the base.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a transistor, a light reflection layer, a first insulation layer that includes a first layer thickness part, a second layer thickness part, and a third layer thickness part, a pixel electrode that is provided on the first insulation layer, a second insulation layer that covers a peripheral section of the pixel electrode, a light emission functional layer, a facing electrode, and a conductive layer that is provided on the first layer thickness part. The pixel electrode includes a first pixel electrode which is provided in the first layer thickness part, a second pixel electrode which is provided in the second layer thickness part, and a third pixel electrode which is provided in the third layer thickness part. The first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode are connected to the transistor through the conductive layer.

Abstract: A wave plate 1 according to an embodiment includes a first birefringent substrate 10 including a first main surface and an optical axis 13 in a first direction; a second birefringent substrate 20 disposed over the first birefringent substrate 10 and including a second main surface and an optical axis 23 in a second direction; and a third birefringent substrate 30 disposed over the second birefringent substrate 20 and including a third main surface and an optical axis 33 in a third direction. The first birefringent substrate 10 and the second birefringent substrate 20 are made of the same kind of birefringent material. The first main surface, the second main surface, and the third main surface are disposed in parallel to one another. The first direction and the second direction are parallel to the first main surface and the second main surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a display panel; and a color conversion layer positioned on the display panel, wherein the color conversion layer includes a scattering layer including a color conversion media layer and scatterers.

Abstract: A display device including: a first substrate; a transflective layer disposed on a surface of the first substrate; a wavelength conversion layer disposed on the transflective layer; a capping layer disposed on the wavelength conversion layer; a first polarizing layer disposed on the capping layer; and a second polarizing layer disposed on the other surface of the first substrate. The first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer have different polarization directions.

Abstract: Embodiments of a dual-sided transparent display panel are presented herein. One embodiment comprises a first layer of electro-optic material, the first layer of electro-optic material including an outer surface and an inner surface; a second layer of electro-optic material, the second layer of electro-optic material including an outer surface and an inner surface; a waveguide disposed between the inner surface of the first layer of electro-optic material and the inner surface of the second layer of electro-optic material; one or more light sources disposed along an edge of the waveguide that is perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces of the first and second layers of electro-optic material; a first grating coating adjacent to the outer surface of the first layer of electro-optic material; and a second grating coating adjacent to the outer surface of the second layer of electro-optic material.

Abstract: A display panel includes: a substrate including a component area, and a display area surrounding the component area, the component area including a first area, and a second area surrounding the first area; a plurality of first display elements at the display area; a plurality of pixel groups spaced from each other in an island shape at the first area, each of the plurality of pixel groups including a plurality of second display elements; a plurality of transmission areas adjacent to the plurality of pixel groups at the first area; and a plurality of first wirings extending in a first direction and electrically connected to the plurality of first display elements, the plurality of first wirings detouring around the first area at the second area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a vertical alignment liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels includes a reflective region for performing display in a reflection mode. The first substrate includes a reflective electrode including a first region located within each of the plurality of pixels and a second region located between any two pixels, of the plurality of pixels, adjacent to each other, a transparent insulating layer provided to cover the reflective electrode, and a pixel electrode formed from a transparent conductive material and provided on the transparent insulating layer in each of the plurality of pixels. The second substrate includes a counter electrode provided to be opposite to the pixel electrode and the reflective electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a compensation apparatus and method of a light-emitting device and display substrate and fabrication method thereof. The apparatus of light-emitting device includes a light sensing circuit and a compensation amount computing circuit. The light sensing circuit is configured to output a first photo-generated current under a condition that the light-emitting device emits light, when the light-emitting device needs to be compensated. The compensation amount computing circuit is connected with the light sensing circuit, and configured to compute a compensation amount required to compensate the light-emitting device according to the first photo-generated current.

Abstract: An optical assembly, a liquid crystal display panel, and a display apparatus, the optical assembly including: a quarter-wave plate, a half-wave plate, and a linear polariser stacked in sequence; the direction of the absorption axis of the linear polariser, the direction of the slow axis of the half-wave plate and the quarter-wave plate are all parallel to the linear polariser; a first included angle between the direction of the absorption axis of the linear polariser and a first direction is 90°-100°; a second included angle between the direction of the slow axis of the half-wave plate and the first direction is 107°-114°; a third included angle between the direction of the slow axis of the quarter-wave plate and the first direction is 164°-176°.

Abstract: A display panel and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a base substrate and a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes a plurality of sub-pixels of different colors; each sub-pixel includes a reflection layer, a first color filter layer at a side of the reflection layer away from the base substrate, a first electrode at a side of the first color filter layer away from the base substrate, a light-emitting layer at a side of the first electrode away from the base substrate, and a second electrode at a side of the light-emitting layer away from the base substrate. In each pixel, a color of the first color filter layer of the each sub-pixel is same as a color of the respective sub-pixel; thicknesses of the first color filter layers of the plurality of sub-pixels are different from each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes pixels including a reflective region for display in a reflection mode and a transmissive region for display in a transmission mode. The liquid crystal display panel includes a liquid crystal layer including a nematic liquid crystal material having negative dielectric anisotropy and a chiral agent, a pixel electrode including a reflective conductive layer and a transparent conductive layer, a counter electrode, a light diffusing structure provided in common to the reflective region and the transmissive region, and a first vertical alignment film provided between the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal layer, and a second vertical alignment film provided between the counter electrode and the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An electrode structure includes a light reflection film, an insulating film formed on the light reflection film, and a transparent conductive film formed on the insulating film. The transparent conductive film is divided into pieces in a two-dimensional matrix at a predetermined pitch to form transparent pixel electrodes. Each of the transparent pixel electrodes is connected to a corresponding one of drive electrodes formed in a lower layer underlying the light reflection film, through a corresponding one of vias penetrating the insulating film and the light reflection film and insulated from the light reflection film.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area including a plurality of pixels; and a transmission area inside the display area and corresponding to a component which uses light or sound to perform a function relative to the display device; and a plurality of signal lines on the substrate and connected to the plurality of pixels. The plurality of signal lines pass through the transmission area of the substrate to be connected to the plurality of pixels in the display area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided with a first light shielding member, a second light shielding member, a third light shielding member, and a fourth light shielding member along an edge of a pixel electrode, and liquid crystal molecules intersect a first direction X and a second direction Y and are oriented toward a second intersection region between the third light shielding member and the fourth light shielding member. A convex portion extending along an end portion of the pixel electrode is provided at a lower layer side of the pixel electrode, and the pixel electrode overlaps with the convex portion in a region overlapping with the third light shielding member and the fourth light shielding member. The convex portion is separated from an adjacent pixel electrode in plan view, and is not linked to the convex portion that overlaps with the adjacent pixel electrode.

Abstract: A display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device are provided. The method includes: forming a thin film transistor (TFT) array layer on a base substrate; forming a planarization layer covering the TFT array layer; forming a transition layer on the planarization layer, an adhesion between the transition layer and a photoresist is weaker than an adhesion between the planarization layer and the photoresist; forming the photoresist on the transition layer, exposing and developing the photoresist to form a first photoresist pattern; by using the first photoresist pattern as a mask, etching the transition layer to form a first via hole, and etching the planarization layer through the first via hole to form a second via hole, an orthographic projection of the first via hole onto the base substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second via hole onto the base substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a vertical alignment liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels includes a reflective region for performing display in a reflection mode. The first substrate includes a reflective electrode including a first region located within each of the plurality of pixels and a second region located between any two pixels, of the plurality of pixels, adjacent to each other, a transparent insulating layer provided to cover the reflective electrode, and a pixel electrode formed from a transparent conductive material and provided on the transparent insulating layer in each of the plurality of pixels. The second substrate includes a counter electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electro-optical device includes a panel, a sealant, a liquid crystal layer, a light source and a reflective layer. The panel includes first and second transparent substrates, an electro-optical area and a peripheral area. The seal is provided in the peripheral area and adheres the substrates. The liquid crystal layer contains a polymer liquid crystal composition. The light source opposes a side surface of the first or second substrates. The reflective layer is between the substrates. The panel includes a first edge, and the reflective layer overlaps a portion of the sealant, located along the first edge.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel and a display device are provided. The liquid crystal display panel includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate disposed oppositely, and liquid crystals. The array substrate includes common electrode lines, gate electrodes, and a transparent electrode layer. In a direction parallel to a plane where the array substrate is located, spacing areas are provided between the common electrode lines and the gate electrodes; the transparent electrode layer includes shading electrodes and pixel electrodes, the shading electrodes and the pixel electrodes are electrically connected, and the shading electrodes cover the spacing areas.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a filter structure, a filter layer and a display panel. The filter structure includes a first transflective layer, a second transflective layer and a transparent film between the first transflective layer and the second transflective layer. The filter structure is configured to make light of a specific wavelength range in incident light incident from the first transflective layer into the filter structure be emergent from the second transflective layer by adjusting at least one of a thickness and the refractive index of the transparent film, a thickness and the refractive index of the first transflective layer, and a thickness and the refractive index of the second transflective layer, and make a transmittance of the light of the specific wavelength range be not less than 90%, by adjusting at least one of the thickness, the refractive index, and an extinction coefficient of the second transflective layer.

Abstract: Provided is a display device. The display device includes a data line extending in a first direction, a reflective electrode on the data line, and a transistor formed between the data line and the reflective electrode. The transistor includes a first electrode connected to the data line, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode in the first direction and connected to the reflective electrode, and a semiconductor layer connecting the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A convenient electronic device or the like is provided. The power consumption of an electronic device or the like is reduced. An electronic device or the like having high visibility regardless of the brightness of external light is provided. An electronic device or the like that can display both a smooth moving image and an eye-friendly still image is provided. Such an electronic device is an electronic device including a first display portion, a second display portion, and a control portion. The control portion is configured to make the first display portion and the second display portion individually display two or more of a first image, a second image, and a third image at a time. The first image is displayed with reflected light, the second image is displayed with emitted light, and the third image is displayed with light including both reflected light and emitted light.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a driver, a pixel circuit disposed to be apart from the driver in a plan view and to be electrically connected to the driver, a first pixel electrode disposed to overlap the pixel circuit in a plan view and to be electrically connected to the pixel circuit, a second pixel electrode disposed to overlap the driver in a plan view and to be closer to an outer edge of a display area than the first pixel electrode, and a relay line disposed between the pixel circuit and the first pixel electrode and between the driver and the second pixel electrode, the relay line electrically connecting the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A color filter substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a display panel are provided. The color filter substrate includes a first substrate, at least one spacer on a side of the first substrate, at least one electrode on a side of the at least one spacer facing away the first substrate, and at least two elastic supports on the side of the first substrate. In a plane parallel with an extending plane of the first substrate, a periphery of each spacer comprises at least two of the elastic supports, and in a direction perpendicular to the extending plane of the first substrate, a sum of a height of the spacer and a thickness of the electrode on the spacer is smaller than a height of each of the elastic supports in the periphery of the spacer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; two pixel circuits on the substrate spaced apart from each other with a transmission area therebetween, each of the two pixel circuits including a transistor and a storage capacitor; two display elements respectively electrically coupled to the two pixel circuits; a bottom metal layer between the substrate and the two pixel circuits and including a through hole at the transmission area; an encapsulation member on the two display elements; and an optical functional layer on the encapsulation member, wherein the optical functional layer includes: a first layer including a first opening, second openings, and a first slope portion, the first opening at the transmission area, the second openings corresponding to each of the two display elements, and the first slope portion being around the transmission area; and a second layer on the first layer.

Abstract: A light control member exhibits strong adhesion between an alignment layer and a bead spacer and includes: a first and second laminate with a substrate and an alignment layer, and which is arranged so that the alignment layer thereof faces the alignment layer of the first laminate; a liquid crystal layer between the first laminate and the second laminate, and the alignment is controlled by driving electrodes on at least one of the first laminate and the second laminate; and a plurality of bead spacers which are arranged within the liquid crystal layer. This light control member is also characterized in that: at least one of the alignment layer of the first laminate and the alignment layer of the second laminate has a plurality of projections that protrude toward the liquid crystal layer; and at least some of the bead spacers are held by the projections.

Abstract: A Pancharatnam Berry Phase (PBP) color corrected structure is presented that comprises a plurality of switchable gratings and a plurality of PBP active elements. Each switchable grating has an inactive mode when reflects light of a specific color channel, of a set of color channels, and transmits light of other color channels in the set of color channels, wherein the specific color channel is different for each of the plurality of switchable gratings, and to have an active mode to transmit light that is inclusive of the set of color channels. The PBP active elements receive light output from at least one of the plurality of switchable gratings. Each of the PBP active elements is configured to adjust light of a different color channel of the set of color channels by a same amount to output light corrected for chromatic aberration for the set of color channels.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a color conversion sheet, a backlight unit, and a display device, in which a reflection filter exhibiting transflection with respect to blue light may be disposed on a color conversion layer that excites blue light and then emits green light and red light and in which a reflection filter exhibiting total reflection of green light and red light may be disposed under the color conversion layer, thereby increasing the probability of exciting blue light and the amount of green light and red light emitted forwards, so that the efficiency of the color conversion sheet can be improved. In addition, it is possible to prevent a halo caused by the diffusion of light scattered backwards and to increase the brightness provided by the backlight unit by causing the light scattered backwards to be reflected forwards from the position adjacent to the color conversion layer.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, and a signal line and a pixel electrode arranged on the base substrate at different layers. The display substrate further includes a first transparent conductive pattern arranged between the pixel electrode and the signal line, a portion of the first transparent conductive pattern is arranged under the pixel electrode, a first passivation layer is arranged between the first transparent conductive pattern and the signal line, a second passivation layer is arranged between the first transparent conductive pattern and the pixel electrode, and the first transparent conductive pattern is electrically connected to a common electrode line of the display substrate.

Abstract: A pixel structure having a first gray scale display region and a second gray scale display region is provided. The first and the second gray scale display region respectively comprises two first display blocks and a second display block located therebetween. The pixel structure comprises first conductive electrodes, a second conductive electrode, a first active component and a second active component. The first conductive electrodes respectively disposed in the two first display blocks of the first gray scale display region are connected. The second conductive electrode is disposed in the second gray scale display region. The first active component is electrically connected to the first conductive electrodes by a first contact window located at one of the two first display blocks. The second active component is electrically connected to the second conductive electrode by a second contact window located at the second display block.

Abstract: A display device includes an electrode layer and a liquid crystal layer. The electrode layer has a first electrode and a second electrode. The second electrode is opposed to the first electrode and having a plurality of openings extending in a same extending direction. The liquid crystal layer is disposed on the electrode layer. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in a region in proximity to one side of the opening and liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in a region in proximity to another side of the opening, the sides of the opening being opposed to each other in a width direction of the opening, are rotated in opposite directions from each other and aligned.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitting display apparatus including at least a light emitting element and a thin film transistor (TFT) for driving the light emitting element, characterized in that a mechanism is provided in which a semiconductor constituting the TFT is irradiated with at least a part of light whose wavelength is longer than a predetermined wavelength among the light emitted by the light emitting element.

Abstract: A display screen includes a display panel, a back light system, and an optical device concealed under the display panel, where a transmission light path formed by light rays received or transmitted by the optical device passes through the display screen. The display screen includes the fill-in light system, where the fill-in light system is disposed between the back light system and the optical device. The fill-in light system includes a first light source and a light guide member configured to transmit a light ray emitted by the first light source.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel comprising a transmission area, a display area, and a middle area that includes at least one groove and is located between the transmission area and the display area; an input sensing layer stacked on the display panel, wherein a metal layer that overlaps the at least one groove in a plan view is in one of the display panel and the input sensing layer.

Abstract: The present application relates to an optical filter and an organic light-emitting display device. The optical filter of the present application has excellent omnidirectional antireflection performance and color characteristics on the side as well as the front. The optical filter can be applied to an organic light-emitting device to improve visibility.

Abstract: An array substrate, a method for manufacturing the array substrate and a display device are provided. The array substrate includes a substrate, an organic film layer and a passivation layer; the organic film layer is arranged between the substrate and the passivation layer; a venting hole is formed in the passivation layer.

Abstract: A bidirectional display device may include: a first transparent display panel outputting a first image in a first direction and transmitting light reflected in a second direction that is an opposite direction of the first direction; a first transparent light panel disposed behind the first transparent display panel and providing light to the first transparent display panel; a transmittance control panel disposed behind the first transparent light panel; a second transparent display panel outputting a second image in the second direction and transmitting light reflected in the first direction; a second transparent light panel disposed between the transmittance control panel and the second transparent display panel and providing light to the second transparent display panel; a transmittance controller and controlling transmittance of at least one object included in the first image or the second image; and an image output controller controlling output of the first image and the second image.

Abstract: Pixel electrodes adjacent to each other along a first axis are supplied with pixel potentials having opposite polarities with respect to a potential of a common electrode. The pixel electrode includes straight parts. Electric fields between the straight parts and the common electrode are applied to negative type liquid crystal material. An electric field between the straight parts of the adjacent pixel electrodes is applied to the negative type liquid crystal material. An opposite substrate includes a second region opposed to a first region between the straight parts of the adjacent pixel electrodes. At least a part of visible light transmitted through the first region is transmitted through the second region. Angles of the straight parts with respect to an axis perpendicular to direction of initial alignment of the liquid crystal material have a size of not less than 15° and not more than 30°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, a liquid crystal layer, a first polarizer, and a second polarizer. A chiral agent is added in a liquid crystal filled in the liquid crystal layer, a pitch of the liquid crystal is about 8-60 ?m; an effective optical path difference of the liquid crystal is about 300-550 nm. By adding a chiral agent to the liquid crystal, changing the angle between the stem electrode and the branch electrode or the angle between the polarization axis of the polarizer and the stem electrode, the transmittance is maximized, thereby achieving high transmittance display.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel includes a light transmitting area at least partially disposed in an electronic component setting area. A transparent filling layer, a built-in encapsulation layer, and a planarization layer are disposed in the light transmitting area. By providing the transparent filling layer in the light transmitting area to replace part of a film layer material, light transmittance is improved, and there is no technical problem that it is difficult to package. The built-in encapsulation layer reduces the speed at which water and oxygen penetrate the inside of a display panel through the transparent filling layer.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus including a base substrate that includes an active area and a peripheral area adjacent to the active area, a plurality of pixels that are disposed in the active area, a plurality of pads that are disposed in the peripheral area, fan-out lines that are disposed in the peripheral area and connect the pixels and the pads, and an anti-reflection layer that includes an active portion and a peripheral portion. The active portion overlaps the active area and includes a plurality of color patterns respectively overlapping the pixels, and the peripheral portion overlaps the peripheral area. The anti-reflection layer overlaps at least a part of the fan-out lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel; a backlight; an illuminance sensor; and a display controller. The liquid crystal panel includes, in order toward the backlight, an antireflection layer, a first linearly polarizing plate, a first ?/4 retardation layer, a first substrate, a second ?/4 retardation layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second substrate, and a second linearly polarizing plate. The liquid crystal panel has a reflectance within a predetermined range in irradiating the liquid crystal panel with light from an antireflection layer side. The liquid crystal display device satisfies a predetermined relation in the following X and Y, where X (unit: lx) is defined as an environmental illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor, and Y (unit: nit) is defined as a luminance of the backlight, adjusted by the display controller.

Abstract: To provide a thinned display device with a touch sensor and to provide a highly reliable display device. A sensor layer including an electrode of a touch sensor is formed in advance over a support substrate which is different from a substrate which forms a display device so that the sensor layer can be separated, the sensor layer is separated from the support substrate, and the separated sensor layer is attached to one surface of a substrate the other surface of which is provided with a component such as a color filter, with a bonding layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: Multi-mode displays are described. In particular, multi-mode displays having an emissive display element, a partial reflector disposed on the emissive display element, a spatial light modulator disposed on the partial reflector, and an absorbing polarizer disposed on the spatial light modulator are described. Multi-mode displays having at least reflective display modes and emissive display modes are described. The display is configured such that switching between these modes happens quickly or even automatically.