Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display substrate, a display panel, and a display device. The display substrate includes: a first base substrate, wherein a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array are provided on the first base substrate; and a reflective layer provided on one side of the first base substrate, wherein a surface of the reflective layer away from the first base substrate is formed to include a plurality of first bumps and a plurality of second bumps, and the first bump has a size greater than that of the second bump.

Abstract: The display device has a first substrate having a display area including pixels and a peripheral area surrounding the display area and including a peripheral circuit, a second substrate arranged facing the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a plurality of gate wirings spaced apart in a first direction in the peripheral circuit of the first substrate, and a plurality of signal lines spaced apart in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the second substrate has a black matrix with a lattice area at a position facing the display area and the peripheral circuit, and the lattice area of the black matrix is arranged to overlap the plurality of gate wirings and the plurality of signal lines of the peripheral circuit.

Abstract: The present application provides a display device. The display device comprises a quantum dot composite film, a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight module. The quantum dot composite film comprises a quantum dot film layer, and a light emerging surface of the quantum dot film layer is provided with a plurality of first prism structures. The first prism structure is employed to reduce an angle at which light emerges from the quantum dot film layer, thereby improving the front view brightness of the display device, and improving or avoiding the problem of light leakage of the display device in the large viewing angle of the dark state.

Abstract: A display module, including: a first substrate (1); a second substrate (2); a liquid crystal layer (3); the display module further includes a first polarizing film (4), a first one-half wave plate (51) and a first quarter wave plate (52); the first quarter wave plate (52), the first one-half wave plate (51) and the first polarizing film (4) are on a side of the first substrate (1) away from the liquid crystal layer (3) and are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the first substrate (1); an angle between an absorption axis of the first polarizing film (4) and a first direction is in a range of 85° to 105°; an angle between a slow axis of the first one-half wave plate (51) and the first direction is in a range of 105° to 125°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a display substrate which includes a plurality of pixel areas and is curved in a first direction, an opposite substrate which faces the display substrate, is coupled to the display substrate, and is curved along the display substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate, where a plurality of domains are defined in each of the plurality of pixel areas, directions in which liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are aligned are different from each other in at least two domains among the plurality of domains, and the plurality of domains is arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting device including a first substrate, a light blocking element, and a light emitting diode. The light blocking element is disposed on the first substrate, in which the light blocking element has a first opening and a second opening adjacent to the first opening, and the first opening and the second opening have different areas. At least a portion of the light emitting diode is disposed in the first opening.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes: a left camera and right camera; and processor(s) configured to: control the left and right cameras to capture pairs of left and right images, respectively, wherein a left image of one of two consecutive pairs and a right image of another of two consecutive pairs are captured using one of small aperture size(s) and large aperture size(s), whilst a right image of one of two consecutive pairs and a left image of another of two consecutive pairs are captured using any one of: (i) another of small aperture size(s) and large aperture size(s), (ii) one of small aperture size(s) and medium aperture size(s) and another of small aperture size(s) and medium aperture size(s), respectively, (iii) one of large aperture size(s) and medium aperture size(s) and another of large aperture size(s) and medium aperture size(s), respectively; and send the captured images to client device(s) or server(s).

Abstract: A display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a driving circuit layer. The driving circuit layer includes a light-shielding portion and a plurality of light-transmitting portions. The second substrate includes a light-shielding layer. The light-shielding layer includes a body portion and a plurality of hollow portions. The body portion is disposed corresponding to the light-shielding portion. The hollow portions are disposed corresponding to the light-transmitting portions. The first substrate further includes a refractive layer disposed on a side of the light-shielding portion away from the liquid crystal layer, or the second substrate further includes a refractive layer disposed on a side of the body portion away from the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques provide for detecting when a control link between a user equipment (UE) and a base station is lost and recovering the control link. In one example, a UE may detect that a control link with a base station is lost based on a timer or counter expiring or based on failing to receive signaling from the base station. In another example, a UE may be configured to transmit uplink transmissions to a base station to maintain a control link with the base station, and the base station may detect that a control link with the UE is lost if the base station fails to receive one or more uplink transmissions from the UE. If the control link is lost, the base station and the UE may communicate to re-establish the control link.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a first substrate and the second substrate disposed oppositely, a plurality of liquid crystal molecules disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes, a plurality of light-shielding electrodes and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes disposed on a same layer as the pixel electrodes. A first gap is defined between adjacent ones of the pixel electrodes, each light-shielding electrode is correspondingly disposed in a spacing. Each auxiliary electrode is located between an adjacent pixel electrode and a light-shielding electrode, a voltage applied to each auxiliary electrode is equal to a voltage applied to corresponding pixel electrode. An electric field is formed between the auxiliary electrode and the corresponding light-shielding electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, and a front panel overlapping with the display panel. The front panel includes a first substrate, and a second substrate located on an opposite side of the first substrate with respect to the display panel, the front panel has an active region capable of being switched between a display state in which an image is displayed and a reflection state in which a reflected image is provided, and a frame region around the active region, and a metal layer is arranged in the frame region of the second substrate.

Abstract: An array substrate and a total reflection display panel are provided. The array substrate includes a first substrate, a touch control unit, and a total reflection layer. The touch control unit is disposed on a side of the total reflection layer facing the first substrate. Through arranging the touch unit on a side of the total reflection layer adjacent to the first substrate, a total reflection display is not affected, a close-range interaction function of the total reflection display panel is enhanced through the touch unit, and a versatility of display application scenarios is increased.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first display panel, a second display panel, and a first light source, and the first display panel and the second display panel are disposed in contact with each other, the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is provided between the third alignment film and the fourth alignment film, a first thickness between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, and a second thickness between the third alignment film and the fourth alignment film are each 2 ?m or less.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display substrate, a display panel, and a display device. The display substrate includes: a first base substrate, wherein a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array are provided on the first base substrate; and a reflective layer provided on one side of the first base substrate, wherein a surface of the reflective layer away from the first base substrate is formed to include a plurality of first bumps and a plurality of second bumps, and the first bump has a size greater than that of the second bump.

Abstract: A display device is provided, which includes a first substrate, a second, a backlight module, a liquid-crystal layer and a patterned electrode. The liquid-crystal layer is doped with a left-handed chiral dopant. The patterned electrode includes a main portion with a cross shape. The patterned electrode is divided by a first center line of the main portion into a first sub-portion and a second sub-portion. The first sub-portion and the second sub-portion are adjacent and are connected to the main portion. Each of the first sub-portion and the second sub-portion includes a plurality of branch portions. A first included angle is between one of the branch portions of the second sub-portion and the first center line. A second included angle is between one of the branch portions of the first sub-portion and the first center line. The first included angle and the second included angle are not equal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. Each pixel includes a reflective region and a transmissive region. The first substrate includes a reflective layer, an interlayer insulating layer provided to cover the reflective layer, and a pixel electrode provided on the interlayer insulating layer in each pixel. The interlayer insulating layer has a recess portion which is defined by a bottom surface and an inclined side surface and at least a part of which is located in the transmissive region. A depth of the recess portion of the interlayer insulating layer is 0.5 ?m or more, and an inclination angle of the inclined side surface of the recess portion is 25° or less.

Abstract: An intelligent reflecting surface includes a substrate having a first surface including a first side and a reflective region including a plurality of reflective elements arranged on the first surface, a plurality of reflective elements separated from each other by a first interval and arranged at a first pitch in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. Twice a distance from the first side to a first reflective element adjacent to the first side among the plurality of reflective elements is a sum of an integral multiple of the first pitch and the first interval.

Abstract: An optical film according to various embodiments of the disclosure may include: a prism pattern layer having one surface on which a plurality of prisms having pattern directions parallel to each other in a first direction are provided; a first diffusion layer provided on the other surface of the prism pattern layer; a base film that is in contact with the first diffusion layer on one surface and has an optical axis direction in a second direction different from the first direction; and a second diffusion layer that is in contact with the other surface of the base film. In addition, an optical film and a backlight unit including the optical film according to various embodiments may be provided.

Abstract: A deposition mask including a resin film including first holes, a non-resin layer disposed on the resin film and including second holes corresponding to the first holes, and a protective layer disposed on the non-resin layer and including third holes corresponding to the first holes, wherein the protective layer includes a first portion disposed on a top surface of the non-resin layer, and a second portion covering a side surface of the second holes of the non-resin layer.

Abstract: A low-resistance conductive thin film is disclosed. The present invention provides a low-resistance conductive thin film including: a substrate; a first capping layer disposed on the substrate; a second capping layer disposed on the first capping layer; a metal layer disposed on the second capping layer; a third capping layer disposed on the metal layer; and a fourth capping layer disposed on the third capping layer.

Abstract: A color filter array for a reflective display device includes a plurality of first filter arrays, a plurality of second filter arrays, and a plurality of third filter arrays. Each of the first filter arrays has a plurality of first filter patterns separated from each other. Each of the second filter arrays has a plurality of second filter patterns separated from each other. Each of the third filter arrays has a plurality of third filter patterns separated from each other. Each of the first filter arrays is adjacent to one of the second filter arrays and one of the third filter arrays.

Abstract: The present document discloses a glazing in the form of a window glass or vehicle glass which comprises a transparent glass substrate, and a coating, which comprises at least one functional metal Ag alloy coating layer. The alloy coating layer consists essentially of Ag with an alloying agent selected from a group consisting of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Sn, Hf, Ta or W. An alloying agent concentration is 0.15-1.35 at. %, preferably 0.20-1.00 at. % or 0.25-0.80 at. % of the Ag alloy coating layer, the rest being Ag, and the Ag alloy coating layer has a thickness of 5-20 nm, preferably 8-15 nm or more preferably 8-12 nm.

Abstract: An optical film includes a polarizer. The polarizer includes a base layer, and a material of the base layer is obtained by dyeing a base material with a dye. The base material includes a polyvinyl alcohol material, and the dye is selected from blue dichroism organic dyes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel and a method of fabricating the same are described. The liquid crystal panel has: a backlight module and an array substrate facing each other; and a first metal wire gate layer disposed between the backlight module and the array substrate, wherein the first metal wire gate layer is formed through a nano-imprinting step to have a thickness greater than zero and less than or equal to 0.1 mm, the first metal wire gate layer has a plurality of first metal wires, a distance between the plurality of first metal wires is greater than zero and less than 120 nm, and each of the plurality of first metal wires has a width greater than zero and less than 60 nm. The liquid crystal panel can reduce a thickness of the fabricated liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: An array substrate includes: a first substrate (10), including a plurality of sub-pixel regions (101) arranged in an array along a row direction (X) and a column direction (Y); a pixel circuit layer, including a plurality of sub-pixel circuits; a planarization layer (17), provided with a first via hole (170) located in the sub-pixel regions (101), and includes at least one pattern portion (171), the pattern portion (171) includes a plurality of pattern units (171a) arranged in an array along the row direction (X) and the column direction (Y); and a reflective electrode layer, wherein the reflective electrode layer includes a plurality of reflective electrodes (18) that are mutually disconnected, each of the reflective electrodes (18) is located in one of the sub-pixel regions (101) and is electrically connected to the sub-pixel circuit through the first via hole (170).

Abstract: The cholesteric liquid crystal display (CLCD) device includes first and second cholesteric liquid crystal panels that reflect light within different wavelength ranges. Both panels have gate lines that extend from one side to the other. A gate driver is electrically connected to the first panel's gate lines. Additionally, a flexible printed circuit is electrically connected to both the first and second panels' gate lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. Each pixel includes a reflection region and a transmission region. The first substrate includes a reflecting layer, a first insulating layer, and a pixel electrode. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region is greater than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region, and the liquid crystal layer has a twist angle of substantially 0 degree. A surface of the first substrate that faces the liquid crystal layer includes an upper step portion, a lower step portion, and an inclined portion. The length L1 of a portion of the inclined portion included in the reflection region and the length L2 of a portion of the lower step portion included in the reflection region satisfy the relationship L1+L2?1.81·L1.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device and an image display apparatus including the same. A display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a backlight, a first TFT panel, a second TFT panel, and a color filter wherein, while a first voltage is applied, a second voltage higher than the first voltage is applied in response to an object within an image frame data input to the display device; while a third voltage is applied, a fourth voltage higher than the third voltage is applied in response to the object within the image frame data input to the display device; and in response to movement of the object, a fifth voltage higher than the second voltage is applied, and a sixth voltage higher than the fourth voltage is applied. Accordingly, luminance expression power may be improved.

Abstract: A backlight includes a substrate, a plurality of light sources proximate the substrate, a first reflective layer on the substrate, and a plurality of patterned reflectors over the plurality of light sources. Each light source includes a size measured in a plane parallel to the substrate. Each patterned reflector is aligned with a corresponding light source and includes a thickness profile. The thickness profile includes a substantially flat section and a curved section extending from and surrounding the substantially flat section. The substantially flat section varies in thickness by no more than plus or minus 20 percent of an average thickness of the substantially flat section. The substantially flat section includes a size in a plane parallel to the substrate equal to or greater than the size of each light source.

Abstract: A dual side view display includes a waveguide with an inside transparent layer and an outside transparent layer spaced apart from and parallel to the inside transparent layer, and a plurality of inside view liquid crystal (LC) pixels and a plurality of outside view LC pixels disposed within the waveguide. The plurality of outside view LC pixels are disposed within the waveguide parallel to and in-plane with the plurality of inside view LC pixels. The plurality of inside LC pixels includes a plurality of outside blocking layers configured to block light scattered in the plurality of inside view LC pixels from propagating through the outside transparent layer. Also, the plurality of outside view LC pixels includes a plurality of inside blocking layers configured to block light scattered in the plurality of outside view LC pixels from propagating through the inside transparent layer.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a display device for suppressing reflected light includes a driving circuit and a display region which includes a plurality of pixels. In one example embodiment, the plurality of pixels includes a first pixel having a first light emitting element which includes a first light emitting portion having a first layer surface. In one example embodiment, first pixel includes a second light emitting element which includes a second light emitting portion having a second, different layer surface. In one example embodiment, the first pixel includes a third light emitting element which includes a third light emitting portion having a third, different layer surface.

Abstract: The present application provides a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a liquid crystal layer, a light adjustment layer, and a reflection layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The light adjustment layer includes a plurality of light adjustment portions, and each of the light adjustment portions and a corresponding one of the liquid crystal molecules include a contact interface. The reflection layer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer and the light adjustment layer away from a display side and corresponds to the light adjustment portions. An incident light is totally reflected at the contact interface or passes through the contact interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display panel. The display panel includes a display substrate, an opposite substrate, and a first adhesive layer and light guide layer located between the display substrate and the opposite substrate and stacked on each other. The first adhesive layer includes a photo-cured layer formed by curing a photocurable material layer. And the light guide layer is used to direct light to the photocurable material layer during the curing to form the cured layer.

Abstract: A display device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display device includes a display panel and an optical modulation component on a light-emitting side of the display panel; the display panel includes multiple pixel units, the optical modulation component includes multiple optical modulation units in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple pixel units, and each optical modulation unit includes multiple prisms; and the prism is configured to refract light emitted from the corresponding pixel units so that the refracted light exits at a preset angle.

Abstract: In a document scanning device, a flatbed scanner has a transparent platen for supporting a document, and performs flatbed scanning on the document, a cover operable and closeable relatively to the flatbed scanner is pivotally connected to the flatbed scanner, and a presser assembly is detachably disposed on a lower surface of the cover. The presser assembly has a first pressing plane and a second pressing plane opposite to each other. The cover and the presser assembly respectively have detachable docking structures disposed between the first pressing plane and the second pressing plane, so that a user can detach the presser assembly from the lower surface of the cover, or attach the presser assembly to the lower surface of the cover, and that the first pressing plane and the second pressing plane can directly press the document onto the transparent platen of the flatbed scanner in two different used states.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards an integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising a display pixel in which a bottom electrode and a reflector are separate and border. A light emission device overlies the reflector, and a top electrode overlies the light emission device. A coupling structure extends from the bottom electrode, alongside the reflector, to an interface between the light emission device and the reflector to electrically couple the bottom electrode to the light emission device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarizer module and an operation method thereof. The polarizer module includes a bifacial reflective polarizer, a first liquid crystal layer, a second liquid crystal layer, a first polarizer, and a second polarizer. The bifacial reflective polarizer has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer are disposed on the first surface and the second surface respectively. The first polarizer and the second polarizer are disposed on the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer respectively.

Abstract: A display device includes a display region, a peripheral region around the display region, a sealing portion provided in the peripheral region to seal a liquid crystal layer, and a liquid crystal supply portion provided at a part of the sealing portion and interconnecting an outside of the sealing portion and the display region. The peripheral region includes a first peripheral region which is provided between the display region and the sealing portion and from which an insulating film is removed and a second peripheral region which is provided between the display region and the sealing portion and in which the insulating film covering a circuit is formed. A light blocking film arranged so as to straddle the first and second peripheral regions and extending linearly in an extending direction of a boundary between the first and second peripheral regions is formed on a substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an array substrate, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The array substrate includes a base substrate on which a gate metal layer and a source-drain metal layer are stacked in sequence. The gate metal layer includes a plurality of independent gate lines and a plurality of independent dummy gates, the source-drain metal layer includes a plurality of independent data lines and a plurality of independent dummy drains. The dummy gate includes a main body portion in a pixel region defined by a gate line and a data line and a lead-out portion; and the dummy drains are in pixel regions, and the dummy drain in the pixel region includes a first subsection overlapping with the main body portion and a second subsection not overlapping with the main body portion.

Abstract: An external light use type display body including: a light diffusion control layer; a display layer; and a reflective layer. The light diffusion control layer has a regular internal structure that comprises a plurality of regions having a relatively high refractive index in a region having a relatively low refractive index. The reflective layer has a patterned indented structure when at least one cross section cut in a thickness direction is viewed. When the entrance plane is irradiated with light rays that travel on the light ray traveling plane with a predetermined incident angle while being scanned along an intersection line of the light ray traveling plane and the entrance plane, the ratio of the light rays satisfying the following Formula (1) or Formula (2) is 50% or more.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a color filter substrate, including: a base substrate, and a light-shielding pattern on the base substrate and having a plurality of openings to define a plurality of pixel regions, wherein each of the plurality of pixel regions at least includes a color filtering region, and a color filtering layer is filled in each color filtering region, and at least one of the plurality of pixel regions further includes at least one transparent region, each of which is filled with a transparent non-filtering layer. The present disclosure further provides a reflective display panel and a manufacturing method for a color filter substrate.

Abstract: A display panel includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The array substrate includes a scan line and a data line; a pixel electrode disposed corresponding to a pixel area; a first thin film transistor configured to electrically connect the pixel electrode to the scan line and the data line; an auxiliary electrode disposed on a same layer as the pixel electrode and arranged around the pixel electrode; and a second thin film transistor configured to electrically connect the auxiliary electrode to the first thin film transistor. Potential received by the pixel electrode and potential received by the auxiliary electrode have a difference.

Abstract: To provide a sheet-like optical device capable of selectively emitting light whose optical path has a changed orientation. An optical device includes a first sheet and a second sheet. The first sheet is configured to be electrically switchable between a first state in which the first sheet extends along an in-plane direction orthogonal to a thickness direction and has transparency in the thickness direction, and a second state in which the first sheet has lower transparency in the thickness direction than the transparency in the first state. The second sheet has a prism surface on which an inclined surface inclined with respect to the in-plane direction is arranged along the in-plane direction, the second sheet facing the first sheet in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate; a second substrate opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; and an active area including: a matrix of first regions; and a plurality of second regions distributed so as not to overlap the first regions, wherein each first region includes a switching element and is supplied with a grayscale signal via the switching element, and the plurality of second regions includes no switching element and is supplied with a common signal.

Abstract: A display device includes an array substrate, a second substrate and a black matrix. The array substrate includes a first substrate, at least one electrostatic protecting component and a shielding layer. The first substrate has a display region and a peripheral region located outside the display region. The electrostatic protecting component is disposed on the first substrate in the peripheral region, and the electrostatic protecting component includes a semiconductor layer. The shielding layer includes an insulating material, and the shielding layer is disposed on the first substrate in the peripheral region, wherein the shielding layer overlaps the semiconductor layer. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate. The black matrix is disposed between the second substrate and the first substrate. The shielding layer is disposed between the black matrix and the first substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel provided by an embodiment of the application includes an array substrate comprising a display area and a non-display area; a color filter substrate comprising a common electrode, and the common electrode is opposite to the display area and the non-display area; a liquid crystal molecular layer disposed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; and a voltage alignment circuit electrically connected to the display area and the non-display area correspondingly.

Abstract: A display device includes a backlight module, a liquid crystal display panel and an optical module. The liquid crystal display panel is disposed on the backlight module. The liquid crystal display panel includes an array substrate, an opposite substrate, a display medium layer, an upper polarizing pattern, and a lower polarizing pattern. The upper polarizing pattern is disposed on the opposite substrate. The lower polarizing pattern is disposed on the array substrate and has a first transmission axis. The optical module is disposed between the backlight module and the liquid crystal display panel. The optical module includes a dual brightness enhancement film. The dual brightness enhancement film has a second transmission axis. The polarization direction of the light after passing through the optical module is different from the polarization direction of the light after passing through the lower polarizing pattern.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an organic light emitting display device includes an organic light emitting display panel including a plurality of sub pixels, a pattern buffer layer disposed on the organic light emitting display panel and patterned so as to overlap at least one sub pixel of the plurality of sub pixels, a color filter layer disposed on the pattern buffer layer and including a plurality of color filters corresponding to the plurality of sub pixels, and a black matrix disposed on the same plane as the pattern buffer layer and dividing the plurality of color filters. Accordingly, generation and spread of cracks when the display device is folded may be effectively suppressed. Therefore, the driveability of the display panel and the reliability of the organic light emitting display device may be improved.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an array substrate and a method for fabricating an array substrate. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a cover layer on the base substrate, an opening at least partially passing through the cover layer, a stress buffer structure adjacent to the opening and on a side of the cover layer facing the base substrate, wherein the stress buffer structure includes a phase change material, wherein a height of a portion of the cover layer on the phase change material is lower than a height of a portion of the cover layer adjacent to the phase change material.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a substrate having a first bending area between a first area and a second area, the first bending area to be bent with a first bending axis that extends along a first direction, as a center; a first inorganic insulating layer on the substrate and having a first opening corresponding to the first bending area; a first organic material layer filling at least a portion of the first opening; and a first conductive layer that extends from the first area to the second area through the first bending area and is on the first organic material layer. The first organic material layer may have a concavo-convex surface at least in a portion of an upper surface thereof. At least a portion of the first conductive layer may extend along a third direction forming an angle of about 0° to about 90° with the first direction.