Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate; an organic layer disposed on the thin film transistor; a pixel electrode disposed on the organic layer; a lower alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode; a common electrode disposed on the second substrate; and an upper alignment layer disposed on the common electrode, wherein a first free radical included in the organic layer and a second free radical included in at least one of the lower alignment layer and the upper alignment layer are radical bonded.

Abstract: An alignment film includes a first pre-tilt functional group, a second pre-tilt functional group and a first vertical alignment functional group, which are linked to polysiloxane on a substrate. The first vertical alignment functional group includes a cyclic compound and is aligned substantially perpendicularly to the substrate. The first pre-tilt functional group is cross-linked to the second pre-tilt functional group and tilted with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided, including a liquid crystal layer interposed between a first display panel and a second display panel; and an alignment film formed on at least one of the first and second display panels, the alignment film including first polysiloxanes and second polysiloxanes disposed on the first polysiloxanes, wherein a first portion of silicon atoms of the second polysiloxanes are bonded to vertical functional groups interacting with liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, and to first pre-tilting functional groups aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to be tilted with respect to at least one of the first and second display panels by being cross-linked. The bonding structure of the first and the second polysiloxanes being different.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device producing less image sticking. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises: a pair of substrates; and a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, wherein at least one of the substrates comprises an alignment film and a photopolymer film on the alignment film, the photopolymer film comprises polymers constituted by a photopolymerizable monomer, the photopolymerizable monomer includes two or more polymerizable functional groups, the polymerizable functional groups are bonded to each other through two or more aromatic rings, the aromatic rings include at least one naphthalene ring, and a bond between the naphthalene ring and another aromatic ring has a rotational degree of freedom.

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes providing an LCD panel that includes a photopolymerizable compound in its liquid crystal layer; and forming alignment sustaining layers by polymerizing the photopolymerizable compound in the liquid crystal layer of the LCD panel with the liquid crystal layer irradiated with light and supplied with a voltage simultaneously. The forming the alignment sustaining layers includes the steps of: i) applying a predetermined voltage between a pixel electrode and a counter electrode while a switching element is in ON state; and ii) changing the voltage at a storage capacitor counter electrode into a voltage, of which the polarity is opposite to a voltage at the storage capacitor counter electrode in the step i), after the switching element in ON state has been turned OFF.

Abstract: An alignment structure of a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a plurality of region defining strips disposed at intervals on the substrate, and organic alignment strips disposed between the region defining strips.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display panel that has high contrast and reduced display deficiency, a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates (1) and (2) facing each other; and a liquid crystal layer (3) sandwiched between the pair of substrates (1) and (2), the pair of substrates (1) and (2) being provided with a pair of respective alignment films (4) and (5) formed thereon and facing each other, the pair of alignment films (4) and (5) being provided with respective polymer films (6) and (7) formed thereon and each made of a monomer in the liquid crystal layer (3), the pair of alignment films (4) and (5) containing a macromolecular compound having a functional group represented by at least one of General Formulae (1) through (5), the liquid crystal layer (3) containing a polymerizable monomer represented by at least one of General Formulae (6) through (8), the polymer films (6) and (7) each being (i) made of the polymerizable monomer represented by at least one of Ge

Abstract: An alignment structure of a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a plurality of region defining strips disposed at intervals on the substrate, and organic alignment strips disposed between the region defining layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel including several first electrode portions, several second electrode portions, and a smectic liquid crystal layer is provided. The first electrode portions and the second electrode portions are disposed on a first substrate. When an AC voltage is applied on the first electrode portions and the second electrode portions, the direction of a horizontal electrical field formed between each first electrode portion and the adjacent second electrode portion is parallel to the surface of the first substrate. The smectic liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first substrate and a second substrate. During the phase change of a liquid crystal molecule of the smectic liquid crystal layer, the horizontal electrical field generated by applying the AC voltage on the first electrode portions and the second electrode portions facilitates the alignment of the liquid crystal molecule of the smectic liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: A disclosed liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal composition contained in a cell having a liquid crystal alignment film. The liquid crystal alignment film has a lamellar structure and includes at least one type of a triphenylene compound (I) represented by general formula (1): In general formula (1), L represents —O— or —S—; R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 represent the same or different hydrocarbon radicals with 4 or more carbon atoms; R6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 4 or more carbon atoms; and R7 represents —SiR8R9R10 or —P(?O)(OH)2 where R8, R9, and R10 each individually represents —Cl, —OH, —OCH3, or —OC2H5.

Abstract: Provided are an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same. The device comprises a thin film transistor array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal. The thin film transistor array substrate has a common electrode and a pixel electrode arranged in an alternating pattern with each other, and has a first alignment film provided on the common electrode and the pixel electrode so as to align liquid crystal molecules in a vertical direction. The color filter substrate faces the thin film transistor array substrate, and has a second alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal molecules in a vertical direction. Liquid crystal is injected between the thin film transistor array substrate and the color filter substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel includes: a p-type liquid crystal material sandwiched by a pair of substrates and comb-teeth shape electrodes for applying, to the p-type liquid crystal material, an electric field parallel to a substrate surface. The p-type liquid crystal material is aligned vertically with respect to the substrate surface at the time when no electric field is applied. The comb-teeth shape electrodes have an electrode width of 5 ?m or less, and an electrode spacing of 15 ?m or less. A product of a dielectric constant anisotropy ?? and a refractive index anisotropy ?n of the p-type liquid crystal material is 1.3 or more and 3.1 or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel including several first electrode portions, several second electrode portions, and a smectic liquid crystal layer is provided. The first electrode portions and the second electrode portions are disposed on a first substrate. When an AC voltage is applied on the first electrode portions and the second electrode portions, the direction of a horizontal electrical field formed between each first electrode portion and the adjacent second electrode portion is parallel to the surface of the first substrate. The smectic liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first substrate and a second substrate. During the phase change of a liquid crystal molecule of the smectic liquid crystal layer, the horizontal electrical field generated by applying the AC voltage on the first electrode portions and the second electrode portions facilitates the alignment of the liquid crystal molecule of the smectic liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An optical element and a process for producing the optical element are provided. The optical element includes a light transparent substrate and a first birefringence layer provided on the substrate. The first birefringence layer includes a polymerizable liquid crystal having rodlike molecules and a coupling agent and/or a surfactant that homeotropically align the polymerizable liquid crystal to form a crosslinked polymer in a state of homeotropic alignment. The crosslinked polymer has a three-dimensionally crosslinked structure wherein the polymerizable liquid crystal having rodlike molecules holds homeotropic alignment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate; a second substrate; a first alignment layer on the first substrate, the first alignment layer including a first additive; a second alignment layer on the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display with uniform cell gap configuration throughout the transmissive and the reflective display region is invented. Mutually complementary common electrode pattern and reflector pattern or mutually complementary ITO pixel electrode pattern and reflector pattern produce an electric field in the transmissive display region that has a uniform longitudinal field and an electric field in the reflective display region that is a fringing field. An initially vertically aligned negative dielectric anisotropic nematic liquid crystal material between the electrodes forms a smaller tilt angle with respect to the substrate normal in the reflective display region while a larger tilt angle with respect to the substrate normal in the transmissive display region. Consequently, the ambient incident light experiences smaller phase retardation in the reflective display region while the light from the backlight source experiences larger phase retardation.

Abstract: A hand held electronic device, such as a flash memory drive, includes a mechanism for extending and withdrawing a connector, such as a USB plug, that is adapted for engaging a mating connector of a host device. A positive latch holds the connector with respect to an outer shell when in the extended and withdrawn positions. Movement of a separate housing portion unlatches the connector and outer shell, and also provides movement of the connector. A protective door closes over a connector opening when the connector is withdrawn into the device, and the door is withdrawn into the device when the connector is extended, thereby not interfering with the extended connector.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a conductive organic thin film having organic molecules that include at one end a terminal bonding group that is covalently bonded to a substrate surface, a conjugate bonding group that is located at any portion of the organic molecules and that is polymerized with other molecules, and a polar functional group that does not include active hydrogen and that is located at any portion between the terminal bonding group and the conjugate bonding group, wherein the organic molecules are oriented and their conjugate bonding groups are polymerized, forming a conduction network. The conductivity (?) of the conductive organic thin film at room temperature (25° C.) is at least 5.5×105 S/cm, and preferably at least 1×107 S/cm, without dopants, having significantly higher conductivity than metals such as gold and silver. In particular, a film of polypyrrole or polythienylene conjugate bonds that is polymerized through polymerization through electrolytic oxidation has high conductivity.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a conductive organic thin film having organic molecules that include at one end a terminal bonding group that is covalently bonded to a substrate surface, a conjugate bonding group that is located at any portion of the organic molecules and that is polymerized with other molecules, and a polar functional group that does not include active hydrogen and that is located at any portion between the terminal bonding group and the conjugate bonding group, wherein the organic molecules are oriented and their conjugate bonding groups are polymerized, forming a conduction network. The conductivity (?) of the conductive organic thin film at room temperature (25° C.) is at least 5.5×105 S/cm, and preferably at least 1×107 S/cm, without dopants, having significantly higher conductivity than metals such as gold and silver. In particular, a film of polypyrrole or polythienylene conjugate bonds that is polymerized through polymerization through electrolytic oxidation has high conductivity.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising an alignment layer; and chemically bound to said alignment layer, a transport material. Also provided are methods for forming the liquid crystal alignment layer and the use thereof in displays for electronic apparatus.

Abstract: Light emitted from a light source is converted to predetermined linearly polarized light by a polarizing separation filter and a first polarizing plate and is irradiated on a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display uses a low-temperature poly silicon TFT, and has a wide viewing angle. The liquid crystal display utilizes aluminum for a pixel electrode which functions as a reflection layer The light reflected by the liquid crystal display is irradiated on a screen through a second polarizing plate and a projector lens.

Abstract: A holographically formed reflective display includes first and second substrates, a liquid crystal material located between the first and second substrates and a plurality of anisotropic polymer sheets separating the liquid crystal material into a plurality of liquid crystal material regions. The anisotropic polymer sheets reduce haze in the display and operates in the reverse mode when viewed from various viewing angles. The holographically formed reflective display may be used to form a color liquid crystal display and a color projection system.

Abstract: A novel compound of N-substituted aromatic polyamide is prepared by introducing an aralkyl group to the N-position of an aromatic polyamide by metalizing the aromatic polyamide, then reacting the metalized polyamide with an aralkyl halide.

Abstract: A composition for a polyimide type liquid crystal aligning film characterized in that a diamino compound constituting polyimide contains one, two or more diamine selected from 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane and 4,4'-ethylene di-meta-toluidine.

Abstract: Photosensitive orientation material providing unidirectional LC alignment to generate a high pretilt angle for various LC compounds, and superior thermal stability, and being suitable for mass production, especially for active matrix LC displays, including polysiloxane, and a derivative of a cinnamoyl group.

Abstract: A method of aligning liquid crystals in the construction of liquid crystal cell for use in optical devices is provided. The method involves formation of a self-assembled monolayer on substrates used to form the cells. The substrate having the monolayer are then rubbed in one direction. Two substrates are combined with rubbing directions anti-parallel and spaced to form a cell. A liquid crystal is then inserted and aligned between the substrates. High quality alignment is achieved with this method.