Abstract: An array substrate includes a plate, a switching element, an insulating layer and a pixel electrode. The plate includes a pixel region, and the switching element is disposed on the plate. The insulating layer is disposed on the plate to include an opening for a multi-domain disposed in the pixel region and a contact hole. An electrode of the switching element is partially exposed through the contact hole. The pixel electrode is disposed on the insulating layer corresponding to the pixel region, an inner surface of the opening for the multi-domain and an inner surface of the contact hole so that the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the electrode of the switching element. Therefore, the viewing angle and the image display quality of the LCD apparatus are improved, and a manufacturing process is simplified.

Abstract: An in-plane switching liquid crystal display device including: first and second substrates; a gate line and data line arranged vertically and horizontally, respectively, on the first substrate and defining a pixel region; a thin film transistor (TFT) formed at a crossing of the gate line and the data line; common electrodes and pixel electrodes alternately disposed in the pixel region in a curvature form and generating an in-plane electric field; a common electrode connection line electrically connecting the common electrodes; a pixel electrode connection line electrically connecting pixel electrodes; a compensation electrode formed along at least one of the common electrode connection line and the pixel electrode connection line and compensating electric field; and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A display device includes the following elements. A display has a display area and includes an electro-optic layer and a light-reflecting layer reflecting light emitted from the electro-optic layer to the viewing side of the display device, the light-reflecting layer being arranged in the display area. A plate-shaped exterior has a frame area including a portion located outside the periphery of the display. An antireflective plate continuously covers both of the display area and the frame area. The antireflective plate prevents external light, which enters the viewing side of the display device and is reflected by the light-reflecting layer or the frame area, from emerging on the viewing side.

Abstract: Disclosed is liquid crystal display, a substrate for a liquid crystal display and a method for manufacturing the substrate. The substrate comprises a transparent electrode formed on the insulating substrate, and a black matrix formed on the transparent electrode and performing the function also of protrusions. The method comprises the steps of forming a transparent electrode on a substrate, forming a black matrix layer, depositing a photosensitive material on the black matrix layer to form a photosensitive layer, patterning the photosensitive layer, and etching the black matrix layer using the photosensitive layer as a mask.

Abstract: Disclosed is an OCB mode liquid crystal display and a method for driving the same. The OCB mode liquid crystal display includes at least one pair of upper and lower pre-tilt electrodes to partially cover each of upper and lower driving electrodes. A pre-tilt voltage equal to or higher than a transition voltage is applied between the upper and lower pre-tilt electrodes to shift liquid crystal molecules into a first orientation state, that is, to shift a portion of the liquid crystal molecules into a bend or vertical orientation state. Therefore, although a low driving voltage is applied between the upper and lower driving electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules can rapidly be shifted into a second orientation state for screen display. Consequently, a high response speed can be achieved, so that it is possible to display a high-speed moving picture and to reduce power consumption.

Abstract: An array substrate for an IPS mode LCD device comprises a substrate; a gate line along a first direction; a data line along a second direction; a TFT connected to the gate and data lines; a common electrode having a plate shape on the substrate and formed of a first transparent conductive material; and a pixel electrode formed of a second transparent conductive material on the common electrode and including first and second portions and a plurality of third portions combining the first portion with the second portion. The first and second portions are parallel to the second direction and separated from each other and the plurality of third portions are oblique to the first and second portions and separated from one another.

Abstract: An LCD and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The LCD includes a gate pad. The gate pad includes a gate ITO electrode formed on a substrate, a first and a second gate pad bottom electrode formed on a predetermined region of the gate ITO electrode, a gate insulating layer formed on the first and the second gate pad bottom electrode, a passivation layer formed on the gate insulating layer, a gate pad top electrode formed on the passivation layer, and at least one contact hole. The LCD further comprises a liquid crystal panel having a gate line that has a dual structure integrally formed with the first gate pad bottom electrode and the second gate pad bottom electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a pair of transparent substrates opposed to each other with liquid crystal therebetween, one of the pair of transparent substrates having a plurality of drain signal lines and a plurality of gate signal lines, and a plurality of pixel areas defined by the drain signal lines and the gate signal lines. The pixel areas includes a pixel electrode formed of a transparent electrode having a plurality of slits including a slit opened in a first direction and a slit opened in a second direction, and a counter electrode formed of a transparent electrode disposed between the transparent electrode of the pixel electrode having the plurality of slits and the one substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes in a first mask process, forming a first mask pattern group including a gate line, a gate electrode connected to the gate line and a common line parallel to the gate line that have a first conductive layer group structure having at least double conductive layers. A second mask process forms a gate insulating film on the first mask pattern group and a semiconductor pattern thereon. A third mask process forms a third mask pattern group including a data line, a source electrode connected to the data line and a drain electrode opposite the source electrode that have a second conductive layer group structure having at least double conductive layers, and a protective film interfacing with the third mask pattern group on the gate insulating film.

Abstract: A switching element is formed on a substrate disposed proximate a liquid crystal layer. A two layer insulation film is formed on the substrate, including a lower film and an upper film. The two layer insulation film overlays the switching element. A convex/concave structure is formed on an upper surface of the two layer insulation film by removing portions of the upper film. A reflection electrode is formed on a surface of the convex/concave structure.

Abstract: An electro-optical device comprising a display drive system with the display timing related to the unit time t for writing-in a picture element and to the time F for writing-in one picture is disclosed. In the device, a gradated display corresponding to the ratio of the division can be obtained by time-sharing the signal during a write-in of time t without changing the time F.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an LCD device includes providing a substrate; forming an active pattern having a source region, a drain region and a channel region on the substrate; forming a first insulation film on the substrate; forming a gate electrode, a gate line and a pixel electrode on the substrate; forming a second insulation film on the substrate; forming a contact hole exposing a portion of the source and drain regions by removing a portion of the first and second insulation films; patterning the second insulation film on the pixel electrode at least a size corresponding to a form of the pixel electrode; and forming a source electrode electrically connected to the source region and a drain electrode electrically connected to the drain region through the contact hole.

Abstract: A method of forming a storage capacitor in an IPS liquid crystal display device is proposed, and a technique of forming a pixel region having a high aperture ratio is provided. An anodic oxidation process at an applied voltage/voltage supply time ratio of 11 V/min is performed for insulating films used in each circuit of an electro-optical device, typically an IPS method LCD, in particular for the surface of a common electrode formed on a resin film. The amount of formation of the extra anodic oxide film can be reduced by covering with an anodic oxide film, and a liquid crystal display device with high reliability and having an electrode with superior adhesion can be manufactured.

Abstract: A transflective-type liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of gate and data lines crossing each other on a substrate to define a plurality of pixel regions, a thin film transistor at each crossing of the gate and data lines, the thin film transistor including a semiconductor layer, and source and drain electrodes contacting source and drain regions, respectively, a projection seed pattern within the pixel region along a same layer as the semiconductor layer of the thin film transistor, and a reflective electrode contacting the drain electrode of the thin film transistor and having a reflective projection corresponding to the projection seed pattern.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a structure in which vertically aligned liquid crystal is sealed between a TFT substrate and a CF substrate. Pixel electrodes in which slits are provided are formed on the TFT substrate, while cell gap holding spacers and domain defining projections are formed on the CF substrate. For example, positive type photoresist is coated on a common electrode. Then, first exposure is executed by using a mask for light-shielding spacer forming regions and projection forming regions, and then second exposure is executed by using a mask for light-shielding the spacer forming regions. Then, the photoresist is developed. Accordingly, the spacers and the projections, each having a different height, can be formed simultaneously.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a substrate; a field-generating electrode formed on the substrate; and a slope member formed on the substrate and having an inclination angle smaller than about 45 degrees.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate 110a, a second substrate 110b placed to face the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer 120 interposed between the first and second substrates, a first electrode 111 formed on the first substrate, a second electrode 131 formed on the second substrate, an interlayer insulating film 115a placed between the first electrode and the first substrate, and a wall structure 115b formed integrally with the interlayer insulating film. The liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixels each including the first electrode, the second electrode and the liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second electrodes. A shading region surrounds each of the plurality of pixels, and the wall structure is placed regularly in the shading region. A groove structure 415a may be formed in place of the wall structure.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a pair of transparent substrates opposed to each other with liquid crystal therebetween, one of the pair of transparent substrates having a plurality of drain signal lines and a plurality of gate signal lines, and a plurality of pixel areas defined by the drain signal lines and the gate signal lines. The pixel areas includes a pixel electrode formed of a transparent electrode having a plurality of slits including a slit opened in a first direction and a slit opened in a second direction, and a counter electrode formed of a transparent electrode disposed between the transparent electrode of the pixel electrode having the plurality of slits and the one substrate.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first substrate and a translucent second substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a reflective electrode that is disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a translucent electrode that is disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a first dielectric layer that is disposed between the reflective electrode and the liquid crystal layer and includes a plurality of dielectric films, and a second dielectric layer that is disposed between the translucent electrode and the liquid crystal layer and includes at least one dielectric film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of preventing the occurrence of crack in a capacitor insulating film due to laser marking is provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel (1x) includes an active matrix substrate (3), a liquid crystal material (40), and a color filter substrate (30), wherein a spacer (33) is provided between the active matrix substrate (3) and the color filter substrate (30), and the color filter substrate (30) includes a step section (7) for restricting a movement of a spacer, the step section being provided so as to surround the spacer (33). This makes it possible to restrict the movement of the spacer in the liquid crystal display panel, thereby improving evenness of a cell gap.

Abstract: A chip on glass type liquid crystal display device and a method for fabricating the same are provided in which a surface of a pad electrode for attaching a flexible printed circuit film is embossed to increase an adhesive force between a pad electrode and a flexible printed circuit film, thereby ensuring contact between the pad electrode and the flexible printed circuit film. Unit pixels in an active region contain thin film transistors formed at intersections of gate lines and data lines. A pad electrode is formed in an inactive region. An embossing pattern is formed on the pad electrode. An adhesive is provided on the pad electrode including the embossing pattern and an external drive circuit part is connected to the pad electrode by the adhesive.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display (LCD) including an active device array substrate, an opposite substrate, an electric field shielding layer, and a liquid crystal layer is provided. The active device array substrate has a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel has a pixel electrode. The opposite substrate has a common electrode disposed between the opposite substrate and the active device array substrate. The electric field shielding layer is disposed on a part of each pixel electrode. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the active device array substrate and the opposite substrate. The liquid crystal layer corresponding to each pixel is divided into a low-voltage domain and a high-voltage domain having the same cell gap, wherein the position of the electric field shielding layer is corresponding to the position of the low-voltage domain. Color shift of the multi-domain LCD is improved effectively at oblique viewing angles.

Abstract: A wide viewing angle is achieved with a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of this invention, in which alignment directions of liquid crystal molecules are controlled by electric field between electrodes on a substrate. A pixel electrode and an insulating film covering the pixel electrode are formed on a TFT substrate. A plurality of concave portions and convex portions extending in parallel to each other are formed in the insulating film alternately. A common electrode is formed on each of the concave portions. And a CF substrate is disposed facing to the common electrodes. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the insulating film and the common electrodes and the liquid crystal layer. When a predetermined voltage is applied to the pixel electrode to induce an electric field between the pixel electrode and the common electrodes, liquid crystal molecules are rotated along lines of electric force of the electric field in a plane parallel to the TFT substrate.

Abstract: A vertical alignment liquid crystal display device includes: a pair of substrates which are arranged opposite each other; a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the paired substrates; an interlayer insulating film which is formed on at least either the first substrate or the second substrate and provided with an aperture which is rectangular when viewed in plan and opened toward the other substrate; a transmissive region provided within the periphery of the aperture and performs transmissive display; and a reflective electrode which is arranged along the periphery of the aperture. The liquid crystal display device further includes a light shield for preventing light from passing through discontinuity regions which are included in a portion of the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the aperture and where liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a discontinuous manner.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate. The lower substrate includes a display part for displaying image and a driving part for providing the display part with a driving signal. The upper substrate includes a common electrode and an insulating member that electrically insulates the common electrode from the driving part. The insulating member has a lower dielectric constant than the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first insulating substrate, a first subpixel electrode on the first insulating substrate, an organic insulator on the first subpixel electrode and having a first contact hole, and a second subpixel electrode on the organic insulator, and connected to the first subpixel electrode through the first contact hole. Accordingly, one thin film transistor is disposed in each pixel thereby improving the aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display, and the same data signal is applied to the first and second subpixel electrodes through one thin film transistor such that side visibility may be increased through a simple driving method.

Abstract: An IPS-mode LCD device includes a TFT substrate and a counter substrate sandwiching therebetween a LC layer. Each pixel includes a pixel electrode covered by a passivation film formed on the TFT substrate, and a common electrode formed on the top surface of the passivation film. The passivation film has a first thickness at a portion in contact with the common electrode and a second thickness smaller than the first thickness at a portion in contact with the pixel electrode, thereby having a flat top surface of the passivation film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with better visibility and transmittance. The liquid crystal display includes a first plate having a first field-generating electrode, disposed in a pixel area on an insulating substrate, comprising a plurality of sub-electrodes which are separated from each other by a predetermined distance and arranged parallel to each other, and a connecting electrode electrically connecting the sub-electrodes. An alignment film that is rubbed in a first direction covers a first field-generating electrode and an alignment film that is rubbed in a second direction covers a second field-generating electrode to achieve a predetermined orientation of the liquid crystals when no field is applied and more uniform rotation of the liquid crystal molecules when a field is applied.

Abstract: An optical element including: an alignment substrate; a liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment substrate, made by forming and curing a film of a liquid crystalline material; and a protective layer having high hardness, formed on the liquid crystal layer. The protective layer is for protecting the liquid crystal layer from being deformed by externally exerted forces. Preferably, the protective layer has a modulus of elasticity (=(elastic deformation)/(total deformation)) of 0.6 or more and a plastic deformation of 0.5 ?m or less as determined by pushing an indenter into the protective layer with a test force of 2 mN in accordance with the universal hardness test method.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal display panel including two substrates with liquid crystal interposed therebetween, a conductive layer provided on an outer surface of at least one of the substrates, a flexible board electrically connected to the liquid crystal display panel, and a tape-like conductive member providing an electrical connection between the conductive layer and a grounding wire of the flexible board.

Abstract: A plurality of display elements each includes two signal lines: S1 and S2. An electrode 4, which is one of the electrodes constituting an element capacitor Cp, is connected to the signal line S1 via a switching element TFT1, while the other electrode 5 is connected to the signal line S2 via a switching element S2. The gate electrodes of the switching elements TFT1 and TFT2 are connected to a single common scanning line G. With this structure the drive voltage applied to the element capacitor can be increased even when a TFT has a limited withstand pressure.

Abstract: A gate wire is formed on the insulating substrate. The gate wire has gate lines, first and second gate electrodes connected to the gate lines, and gate pads. A gate insulating layer, first and second semiconductor layers and an ohmic contact layer are sequentially formed thereon. A data wire is formed on the ohmic contact layer. The data wire has first and second data lines, data line connectors, first and second source electrodes, first and second drain electrodes, and data pads. A passivation layer is formed on the data wire, and has contact holes respectively exposing the first and the second drain electrodes, and the gate and the data pads. Pixel electrodes, and subsidiary gate and data pads are formed on the passivation layer. As described above, the data line is provided at opposite sides of the pixel area so that variation in the pixel voltage due to the parasitic capacitance between the partitioned areas with different degree of misalignment is reduced.

Abstract: An image display device having a display panel in which a first substrate and a second substrate are disposed to each other, in which the first substrate includes an insulating substrate composed of a resin, a circuit layer having a circuit where a plurality of Thin-film transistors are arranged in a matrix, and a polarizer disposed between the insulating substrate and the circuit layer, the insulating substrate has a thickness of 20 ?m or more and 150 ?m or less, a transmittance of 80% or more for a visible light at a wavelength of 400 nm or more and 800 nm or less, and a 3% weight reduction temperature of 300° C. or higher, and has no melting point or has a melting point of 300° C. or higher.

Abstract: An electrode structure for use in a transflective liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels is disclosed. Each pixel has a reflective region and a transmissive region. The electrode structure at least comprises a first transparent electrode, a reflective electrode and a second transparent electrode. The first transparent electrode is disposed within the transmissive region, while the reflective electrode and the second transparent electrode formed above the reflective electrode are disposed within the reflective region. The area of the second transparent electrode is smaller than the area of the reflective electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel and a fabricating method that forms an insulating film exposing a metal pattern without a photolithography process. The liquid crystal display panel comprises: a metal pattern having first and second surface processing regions having a different reacting property for a specific solution; and an insulating film of a material representing a property identical to that of the second surface processing region, the insulating film being formed on a metal pattern of the second surface processing region in order to expose the first surface processing region of the metal pattern.

Abstract: The present invention is an array substrate for use in a liquid crystal display device, which includes a first double-layered metal structure and a second double-layered metal structure. The first double-layered metal structure includes a gate electrode, a gate line and a gate pad electrode on a substrate, wherein all of the gate electrode, the gate line and the gate pad electrode have a first barrier metal layer and a first copper layer. The second double-layered metal structure includes a data line, source and drain electrodes, a capacitor electrode, and a data pad electrode, wherein all of the data line, the source and drain electrodes, the capacitor electrode and the data pad electrode have a second barrier metal layer and a second copper layer.

Abstract: An array substrate includes a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of thin-film transistors, a plurality of pixel electrodes, a plurality of common voltage lines and a plurality of common electrodes. The gate lines extend in a first direction. The data lines extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The thin-film transistor is electrically connected to the gate line and the data line. The pixel electrode is formed in each of pixels defined by the gate lines and the data lines. The common electrode is electrically connected to the common voltage line. The horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is not changed by externally applied vertical touch pressure so that display quality is improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer which is disposed in a gap between first and second substrates with long axes of liquid crystal molecules being aligned in one direction, in substantially parallel to substrate surfaces. A plurality of thin film transistors are arranged in row and column directions on an upper side of the first substrate. Pixel electrodes are provided on the upper side of the first substrate to be electrically connected with the thin film transistors. A common electrode is formed on the upper side of the first substrate between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer to correspond to the pixel electrode through an insulating film, and generates an electric filed which controls an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane substantially parallel with the substrate surfaces between itself and the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed which are capable of preventing occurrence of contact errors between pads of gate or data lines and pad electrodes. The liquid crystal display device includes a signal line and a signal line pad arranged in one direction, an insulating film formed on the signal line and the signal line pad, the insulating film including at least one contact hole, through which a predetermined portion of the signal line pad is exposed, and a pad electrode formed on the insulating film, and electrically connected with the signal line pad via the at least one contact hole. The insulating film includes inner side walls defining the at least one contact hole, and at least one of the inner side walls has a slope gentler than a slope of the remaining inner side walls.

Abstract: An electro-optical display device comprising a first substrate having an insulating surface, at least one thin film transistor formed over the first substrate, the thin film transistor comprising a channel region, source and drain regions with the channel region extending in between, a gate insulating film adjacent to the channel region, and a gate electrode adjacent to the gate insulating film, a pixel electrode formed over a leveling film or over an interlayer insulating film and electrically connected to one of the source and drain regions of the thin film transistor, and color filters or black stripes comprising a resin formed over a second substrate. A leveling film may be formed over the at least one thin film transistor, the color filters or the black stripes. The device may comprise a second leveling film or a common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix includes first and second substrates and a liquid crystal layer held therebetween. Switching elements are arranged in each of the pixels on the first substrate. A first organic insulating film covers signal lines, scan lines and switching elements. Common electrodes are formed in the first organic insulating film on the first substrate. Connection elements are electrically connected to the switching elements through first contact holes formed in the first organic insulating film. A second organic insulating film covers the first organic insulating film and the connection elements. Pixel electrodes having slits are formed on the second organic insulating film electrically connected to the respective connection elements through second contact holes formed in the second organic insulating film.

Abstract: The present invention suppresses the spreading by wetting of an orientation film of a liquid crystal display panel outside a display region and, at the same time, maintains the uniformity of film thickness of the orientation film within a display region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises a first cell wall and a second cell wall enclosing a layer of liquid crystal material. The device has electrodes for applying an electric field across at least some of the liquid crystal material, and a surface alignment structure on a region of a substantially planar inner surface of at least the first cell wall. The alignment structure induces the liquid crystal material to adopt a desired alignment in an azimuthal plane. The surface alignment structure comprises a two dimensional array of microstructures which are shaped and oriented to produce the desired alignment. Each microstructure has no plane of symmetry orthogonal to the azimuthal plane and to said planar inner surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display improved with the opening ratio and increased for the storage capacitance, in which a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, an interlayer insulating film, an image line and a source electrode are stacked in this order formed in the layer above an active device formed to a first substrate, the interlayer insulating film is formed with a coatable transparent insulating film having a specific dielectric constant of 4.0 or higher at least containing high dielectric fine particle or sol-gel, a first through hole is formed in the gate insulating film, a second through hole is formed to the interlayer insulating film in the inside of the first through hole, the source electrode is electrically connected with the active device by way of the second through hole, and the storage capacitance is constituted by the gate electrode, the image line, the source electrode, and the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) device includes: a first substrate; a conductive layer arranged on one surface of the first substrate; an insulating layer arranged on the conductive layer and having a thickness of 3 ?m or more; first electrodes arranged on the insulating layer and spaced apart from each other by an interval of 3 ?m or less; a second substrate including a second electrode arranged on one surface to face the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: To provide a highly conductive Cu alloy which is advantageous in that an alloying element added to Cu is first reacted with oxygen contained in a gas atmosphere or solid in contact with the Cu member to form an oxide film which can prevent oxidation of Cu. The copper alloy comprises copper (Cu) containing an inevitable impurity, and an element added to the copper, wherein the added element is capable of being dissolved in the copper in an amount of 0.1 to 20 at. %, wherein the added element has an oxide formation free energy smaller than that of Cu and has a diffusion coefficient in Cu larger than the self-diffusion coefficient of Cu.

Abstract: To improve the reliability of contact with an anisotropic conductive film in a semiconductor device such as a liquid crystal display panel, a terminal portion (182) of a connecting wiring (183) on an active matrix substrate is electrically connected to an FPC (191) by an anisotropic conductive film (195). The connecting wiring (183) is manufactured in the same process with a source/drain wiring of a TFT on the active matrix substrate, and is made of a lamination film of a metallic film and a transparent conductive film. In the connecting portion with the anisotropic conductive film (195), a side surface of the connecting wiring (183) is covered with a protecting film (173) made of an insulating material.

Abstract: The display device includes a pair of insulating substrates arranged so as to be opposed, a bonding layer, and a strain suppressing plate. The bonding layer is provided on the outer surface side of one insulating substrate. The strain suppressing plate has rigidity higher than that of the insulating substrate to suppress the strain caused by curving the insulating substrate. The strain suppressing plate is fixed to the insulating substrate by the bonding layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present embodiment has pixel electrodes arranged in a first and a second directions crossed each other; a signal line formed in a lower layer of the pixel electrode and extending in the second direction between the pixel electrodes arranged in the first direction; a scan line formed in a lower layer of the pixel electrode and extending in the first direction; a switching device formed so as to correspond to the pixel electrodes and connected to the signal line, the scan line, and the pixel electrode; and an insulating layer formed between the pixel electrode and a lower layer including the signal line and the scan line, and having a surface step in a region between the pixel electrodes. An edge portion of the pixel electrode is formed to overlap the surface step of the insulating layer.