Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first flexible board, a second flexible board and an integrated circuit mounted on the first flexible board, the flexible board is connected between an electro-optical panel and the second flexible board and includes a single-layered wiring layer, the second flexible board is connected to an external apparatus and includes a multilayered wiring layer, the single-layered wiring layer includes a first video signal wiring and a first ground wiring, a first wiring layer of the multilayered wiring layer includes a second video signal wiring connected to the first video signal wiring, a second wiring layer of the multilayered wiring layer includes a second ground wiring which is connected to the first ground wiring and is formed at a position opposite to the second video signal wiring.

Abstract: An array substrate of a display device includes an active area with curved corner portions and a compensation unit to reduce a difference in a parasitic capacitance of each gate line and each data line. Also, a plurality of data lines disposed to overlap the corner portions of the active area may be disposed with a different width therebetween to reduce a difference in parasitic capacitance of each gate line or data line disposed to overlap the corner portions of the active area and to reduce a resistance difference between data lines. Therefore, a degree of delay of a signal transferred through a plurality of gate lines or data lines can be similar in each gate line or data line, so that a defect can be prevented in a displayed image.

Abstract: An equipment system for bond-packaging an LED using a special-shaped organic silicone resin photoconverter includes: a roll-laminating apparatus used for refining a photoconversion sheet (8-6); a roll-shaping apparatus used for performing heating and roll-shaping on the refined photoconversion sheet (8-6); a sheet-melting apparatus (3) used for performing sheet melting on the roll-shaped refined photoconversion sheet (8-6); and a roll-bonding apparatus used for performing roll-bonding on the sheet-melted refined photoconversion sheet and a flip chip LED array with a carrier film, the refined photoconversion sheet and the flip chip LED array facing each other and being aligned with each other. The roll-laminating apparatus, the roll-shaping apparatus, the sheet-melting apparatus, and the roll-bonding apparatus are arranged sequentially to form cooperatively linked process equipment.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor unit that prevents connection failure caused by a wiring substrate to improve reliability, a method of manufacturing the semiconductor unit, and an electronic apparatus including the semiconductor unit. The semiconductor unit includes: a device substrate including a functional device and an electrode; a first wiring substrate electrically connected to the functional device through the electrode; and a second wiring substrate electrically connected to the functional device through the first wiring substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a printed circuit board under the display panel and having one surface on which a driving chip is mounted, a first reinforcing member between the display panel and the printed circuit board, and a second reinforcing member under the printed circuit board, configured to face the printed circuit board having the driving chip therebetween, the second reinforcing member having a recessed groove in one surface facing the driving chip and the driving chip being in the recessed groove.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is provided. The integrated circuit includes a control circuitry, a plurality of pins coupled to a plurality of conductive traces of a printed circuit board (PCB), and a plurality of driving units coupled to the pins. The control circuitry provides a plurality of control signals according to data to be transmitted. The driving units are divided into a plurality of first driving units and second driving units. According to the control signals, the first driving units provide the data to a memory device of the PCB via the corresponding pins and the corresponding conductive traces of PCB, and the second driving units provide a constant voltage to the corresponding conductive traces of PCB via the corresponding pins. The conductive traces corresponding to the second driving units are separated by the conductive traces corresponding to the first driving units on the PCB.

Abstract: A chip on film package includes a base substrate, an input line, an integrated circuit (IC) chip and an output line. The input line is disposed on the base substrate. The IC chip is electrically connected to the input line. The output line includes a main output and a sub output line. The main output line is electrically connected to the IC chip and extends in a first direction from the IC chip. The sub output line is electrically connected to the IC chip. The sub output line includes at least six bending parts, and is extended in the first direction.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source, a board, and a light guide. The light source emits light. The board mounts the light source on a mount surface perpendicular to a light emission surface of the light source. The light guide has an incident surface which the light emitted from the light source enters. The incident surface is opposed to the light emission surface. The light guide extends from the incident surface in a direction of the emitted light and is bent toward an irradiated surface of an irradiation target on a way of the light guide. The board is disposed such that an opposite surface of the board opposite the mount surface is opposed to the irradiated surface of the irradiation target.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to allow a connector tail connected to a curved place to be naturally folded. A touch sensor includes: a sensor unit that is curved at least at a peripheral edge; and a connector tail in which a first connection part having a first end portion connected to the sensor unit and a second connection part having a second end portion connected to a connector are continuously formed. The connector tail is configured such that the second connection part extends relative to the first connection part curved in accordance with the curve of the peripheral edge of the sensor portion in a direction in which the curved shape of the first connection part is canceled out.

Abstract: A flat panel display module includes a display panel configured to comprise a display area and a first pad that is out of the display area; and an auxiliary panel configured to include a first auxiliary pad disposed on one side, a second auxiliary pad disposed on the other side, and an auxiliary connection line that connects the first auxiliary pad and the second auxiliary pad, wherein the first auxiliary pad is connected to the first pad.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is provided. The integrated circuit includes a control circuitry, a plurality of pins, and a plurality of driving units coupled to the pins. The control circuitry provides a plurality of control signals according to data to be transmitted. The pins are coupled to a device via a plurality of conductive traces of a printed circuit board (PCB). The control signals control each of the driving units to selectively provide the data or one specific shielding pattern via the corresponding pin and the corresponding conductive trace of PCB to the device.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a display panel comprising a display area and a non-display area which is disposed on a outside of the display area and has at least one recess on one end side thereof; a driving substrate disposed on a rear surface of the display panel; and at least one connection member connected to the display panel and the driving substrate through at least one recess.

Abstract: A flexible display device includes a display panel configured to display images, a first substrate having a plurality of pixels disposed therein, and a second substrate coupled to the first substrate. The first substrate includes a display area, a bent part extending from the display area, and a pad part extending from the bent part. The flexible display device further includes a panel driver coupled to the pad part of the first substrate and configured to supply signals to the plurality of pixels on the display panel for displaying images. The first substrate further includes a first surface and a second surface, and the second substrate includes a third surface and a fourth surface. The first surface of the first substrate faces the fourth surface of the second substrate. The first substrate is curved at the bent part of the first substrate such that the pad part of the first substrate and the panel driver are disposed below the display area.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel which receives light to display an image. A light guide plate guides the light toward the display panel. A light source unit is disposed at a first side of the light guide plate to provide the light to the light guide plate. The light source unit includes a printed circuit board which includes a first area and a second area. A first light source is disposed on the first area and generates the light. A first stepped part is disposed on the second area and faces the first light source. A first adhesive part is disposed on the second area. The first stepped part reflects the light which is generated from the first light source toward the light guide plate, and the first adhesive part attaches the printed circuit board to the light guide plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a touch-panel display device. The touch-panel display device comprises a substrate, a display module, a sensing module and a function layer. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface on opposite sides of the substrate, respectively. The display module is proximal to the first surface of the substrate, and the sensing module is disposed between the display module and the substrate. The function layer, disposed on either the first surface or the second surface of the substrate, is configured to polarize light emitted from the display module towards the substrate.

Abstract: Terminal portions are arrayed at regular widths and regular intervals, and each face any enable terminal, and are electrically connected to the enable terminals by conductive particles. A lead portion is connected to the other terminal portion except for pair of terminal portions which is a pair of terminal portions adjacent to each other, and extends from an overlap region to a lead region. A connection portion connects the respective terminal portions that are not connected with the lead portion to the adjacent terminal portions that are connected to the lead portion within an area of the overlap region. An interval between a pair of lead portions extending from a pair of connection portions located to sandwich a pair of terminal portions that are not connected with the lead portion therebetween is larger than an interval between the other adjacent lead portions.

Abstract: A display device includes a flexible display panel for displaying an image, and a printed circuit board electrically connected with the flexible display panel through a circuit film. The printed circuit board may include a plurality of boards in a stack, the boards being respectively provided with integrated circuits, driving chips, and circuit wires, and a conducting portion connecting circuit wires of at least two boards among the plurality of boards.

Abstract: This present invention provides a flexible LED display by utilizing flexible wirings and the locations of the conductive pins on the bottom side of each single color LEDs or full color LEDs to make each of the single color LEDs or full color LEDs mount on each pixel defined by the flexible wires formed on the transparent flexible substrate, and this flexible LED display which characterizes in separating the wirings crossing over with each other by a so-called bridge technology and utilizing a single-layered substrate to save costs of processes and materials.

Abstract: A display apparatus is disclosed. In one aspect, the display apparatus includes a flexible display panel configured to display images and a first frame arranged on the front surface of the flexible display panel and curved in a first direction. The display apparatus also includes a second frame arranged on a rear surface of the flexible display panel and curved in the first direction and a spacer arranged on at least one of the first and second frames. The spacer is configured to adjust the distance between the first and second frames.

Abstract: In one embodiment a transparent conductive component is described comprising a flexible transparent substrate; a transparent conductive layer disposed on the flexible transparent substrate; and a plurality of metal traces disposed on and in electrical communication with the transparent conductive layer. A portion of the flexible transparent substrate comprising the transparent conductive layer and metal traces forms an interconnect circuit tab. At least the interconnect circuit tab comprises a cured organic polymeric material disposed on the (e.g. patterned) transparent conductive layer and metal traces metal traces and flexible transparent substrate such that the cured organic polymeric material forms an exposed surface layer. The cured organic polymeric material is optionally disposed at the bezel region and/or at a central region of the transparent conductive component (e.g. touch sensor).

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: an electronic component; a housing that has an accommodation space for accommodating the electronic component, and has an opening communicating with the accommodation space, the opening being provided at part of an outer member enclosing the accommodation space; a covering member that covers the opening and is in intimate contact with the outer member of the housing at a position enclosing the entire outer circumference of the opening and that has a slit provided at a position opposed to the opening; and a flexible printed circuit board including a first end and a second end, the first end being electrically coupled to the electronic component, the second end being drawn out to the outside of the accommodation space through the slit.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are provided for rear assembly of a display with a frame assembly having a frame joined to a liquid crystal layer (e.g., cell), initially forming a front of the display. The frame may be substantially continuous with the cell and formed without an adhesive layer, reducing a thickness of the display. The frame may be injection molded about the cell with a thermoplastic or thermoset material. Molding the frame about the cell may enable the frame to uniformly support the cell and/or support the cell with less material or structure. Various layers may be added to the frame assembly from a rear of the display. Rear assembly may further reduce the thickness of the display by removing one or more adhesive layers.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel; a light source supplying light to the display panel; a lower frame on which the light source and the display panel are disposed; a light guide plate disposed between the lower frame and the display panel and dissipating light emitted from the light source toward the display panel; an optical sheet disposed between the light guide plate and the display panel; and an adhesive member having one surface attached to the display panel and the other surface attached to the optical sheet, wherein the adhesive member includes a base portion disposed between the optical sheet and the display panel; and a protrusion portion protruding on a surface of the base portion and disposed on a side surface of the optical sheet.

Abstract: An adapter apparatus and method includes using an adapter body defining a socket cavity configured to receive a packaged device and a socket lid assembly configured to apply a force upon a packaged device received in the socket cavity of the adapter body. A measurement apparatus associated with the socket lid assembly may include a measurement element (e.g., temperature sensing element, compressible element, etc.) that is configured to contact a packaged device received in the socket cavity when the socket lid assembly closes the socket cavity and applies a force upon the packaged device (e.g., a measurement signal is generated with use of the measurement element that is configured to contact the packaged device). An indicator may be configured to display a parameter based on the measurement signal (e.g., a count, a temperature, etc.).

Abstract: Provided is a circuit board including: a supporting substrate including a first region to which light emitting elements are mounted and a second region extending to be bent from the first region, wherein the second region comprises: a connector mounting portion to which a connector for supplying an electric current to the light emitting elements is mounted; and a non-mounting portion of a connector separated and spaced apart from the connector mounting portion, wherein the connector mounting portion is formed lower than the non-mounting portion of the connector.

Abstract: A mobile terminal includes: a main body with a top surface, a bottom surface, and a back surface; and a case surrounding the main body, the case including: a top side portion covering the top surface of the main body; a backside portion including a first backside portion positioned in the upper part and covering the back of the main body and a second backside portion positioned below the first backside portion and covering the back of the main body; and a bottom side portion covering the bottom surface of the main body, wherein the top side portion, first backside portion, second backside portion, and bottom side portion may be made of a metal material, and separated from one another by a non-metal member, and the non-metal member may have a light-emitting portion that gives off light.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display and a multi-layer printed circuit. Integrated circuits and other components may be mounted to the multi-layer printed circuit. The display and multi-layer printed circuit may share a common layer formed from a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate may have portions that are integrated into the display and portions that are integrated into the multi-layer printed circuit board. The flexible substrate may contain patterned conductive traces that are used to route signals from components in the multi-layer printed circuit to display circuitry such as a display driver integrated circuit. An array of thin-film transistors may be used to control the emission of light from the display and may be formed on portions of the flexible substrate that are integrated into the display. The display may be a flexible display that includes an array of organic light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: A connecting device for connecting a substrate unit and a chip unit includes a first flexible connection unit having at least one first wire extending from a first end to a second end on a surface of the substrate unit, and a rigid connection unit having at least one second conductive wire for electrically connecting to the first conductive wire. The chip unit is sequentially and electrically connected to the substrate unit first via the rigid connection unit and then via the flexible connection unit.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate on which a display unit is formed and an encapsulation unit for sealing the substrate; a touch screen panel formed on the encapsulation unit; a window cover provided on the touch screen panel; an alignment key for aligning positions of the display panel and the window cover; and a sealing portion disposed between the substrate and encapsulation unit. An area expansion portion is formed in a position of the sealing portion corresponding to the alignment key.

Abstract: A curved display device including a display area and a non-display area is provided. The curved display device includes a first direction area configured to maintain a flat state and a bending area connected to the first direction area. A thin film transistor (TFT) layer, a passivation layer, a sealing layer, and an upper film are provided on a base substrate in an area where the display area overlaps the bending area, and the sealing layer and the upper film extend to an area where the non-display area overlaps the bending area.

Abstract: A recessed portion is formed in a side face of a display device. An elastic body is provided in a recessed portion. The elastic body is elastically deformed to fix the display device to a housing when the display device is mounted in a predetermined-shaped space of the housing.

Abstract: An electronic device display may have a color filter layer, a thin-film-transistor layer, and a layer of liquid crystal material. The display may have a display cover layer such as a layer of glass or plastic. Adhesive may be used to attach the upper polarizer to the display cover layer. The thin-film transistor layer may have a substrate with upper and lower surfaces. Thin-film-transistor circuitry may be formed on the upper surface. A display driver integrated circuit may be mounted to the lower surface or a flexible printed circuit and may be coupled to the thin-film-transistor circuitry using wire bonding wires. Through vias that are formed through the thin-film-transistor layer substrate may be used in coupling the thin-film-transistor circuitry to the display driver integrated circuit.

Abstract: A display device 10 according to this invention includes a display panel 11, a drive board 113, a flexible wiring 111, and a frame 13. The display panel 11 is configured to display an image on a front side. The drive board 113 is configured to control display driving of the display panel 11. The flexible wiring 111 having flexibility connects the display panel 11 and the drive board 113 electrically. The frame 13 includes a frame portion 13a, a sidewall 13b, and a housing portion 13c. The frame portion 13a has a frame-like shape that is opposite a peripheral area of the front side of the display panel 11. The sidewall 13b extends from the frame portion 13a toward a rear side of the display panel 11 and surrounds the display panel 11. The housing portion 13c is located inside the sidewall 13b and includes the groove 13c1 that opens to the frame portion 13a. The housing portion 13c holds the drive board 113 fitted in the groove 13c1.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with an organic light-emitting diode display with minimized border regions. The border regions may be minimized by providing the display with bent edge portions having neutral plane adjustment features that facilitate bending of the bent edge portions while minimizing damage to the bent edge portions. The neutral plane adjustment features may include a modified backfilm layer of the display in which portions of the backfilm layer are removed in a bend region. A display device may include a substrate, a display panel on the substrate having display pixels, and peripheral circuitry proximate the display panel and configured to drive the display pixels. A portion of the periphery of the substrate may be bent substantially orthogonal to the display panel to reduce an apparent surface area of the display device. The bent portion may include an electrode for communication with the peripheral circuitry.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a back plate splicing structure for large-size backlight modules. The back plate includes a bottom flat plate and a splicing member joined to an end of the bottom flat plate, wherein the splicing member includes a side plate, and an upper supporting plate and a lower supporting plate configured on a same side of the side plate; the upper supporting plate, the lower supporting plate, and the side plate cooperatively define a clamping opening clamping the bottom flat plate therein; the upper supporting plate fixes the bottom flat plate in the clamping opening, and at least one fixing screw is configured between the bottom flat plate and the splicing member.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, and a method of fabrication, is introduced. In an embodiment, one or more passivation layers are formed over a first substrate. Recesses are formed in the passivation layers and a first plurality of bonding pads and a second plurality of bonding pads are formed in the recesses. In an embodiment, the first plurality of bonding pads have a first width and a first pitch, and the second plurality of bonding pads have the first width and are grouped into clusters. The first plurality of bonding pads and the second plurality of bonding pads in the first substrate are aligned to a third plurality of bonding pads in a second substrate and are bonded using a direct bonding method.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a display module, a support plate on which the display module is disposed, and a plurality of openings which are disposed along an outer circumference of the support plate and which reduce vibration transmitted to the display module through the support plate, wherein the vibration is caused by a shock generated in an outer side of the electronic device.

Abstract: A conductive substrate includes a substrate, a plurality of conductive areas, a plurality of first conductive wires, a plurality of conductive pads and a plurality of second conductive wires. The conductive areas are disposed on the substrate along a first direction in sequence. The conductive areas are formed and have a plurality of extending conductive portions along a second direction. The conductive portions of two of the adjacent conductive areas are disposed interlacedly. One terminal of each of the first conductive wires is electrically connected to one of the conductive areas. Each of the conductive pads is electrically connected to other terminal of one of the first conductive wires. One terminal of each of the second conductive wire is electrically connected to one of the conductive pads. In addition, a touch panel is also disclosed in the present invention.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a liquid crystal display with backlight structures. The backlight structures may produce backlight that passes through the display layers in the display. The display layers may include a layer of liquid crystal material interposed between a color filter layer and a thin-film transistor layer. The backlight structures may include a light guide plate. A plurality of light-emitting diodes mounted on a flexible printed circuit may be coupled to an edge of the light guide plate. The flexible printed circuit may be curled into a spring element to bias the light-emitting diodes against the edge of the light guide plate. A plurality of gaps may be formed in the flexible printed circuit and may be used to separate and mechanically decouple adjacent light-emitting diodes. Individual light-emitting diodes may independently register to the light guide plate to maximize optical efficiency in the display.

Abstract: A flexible circuit board, a semiconductor package, and methods of forming the same are provided. The flexible circuit board includes: a base film; an input line pattern, an output line pattern, and a dummy pattern on a first surface of the base film; and a ground pattern on a second surface of the base film and electrically connected with the dummy pattern.

Abstract: A flexible display substrate, a flexible organic light emitting display device, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The flexible display substrate comprises a flexible substrate including a display area and a non-display area extending from the display area, a first wire formed on the display area of the flexible substrate, and a second wire formed on the non-display area of the flexible substrate, wherein at least a part of the non-display area of the flexible substrate is curved in a bending direction, and the second wire formed on at least a part of the non-display area of the flexible substrate includes a first portion formed to extend in a first direction and a second portion formed to extend in a second direction.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a display panel, a flexible circuit film having a rear surface connected to the display panel, and a front surface opposite to the rear surface, the front surface having a chip mounted thereon, and a first lead bonding portion electrically connecting the chip to the display panel. The first lead bonding portion includes a first portion connected to the chip and overlying a portion of the flexible circuit film, a second portion passing through the flexible circuit film, and a third portion disposed between the flexible circuit film and the display panel on the rear surface of the flexible circuit film, where the third portion overlaps the first portion.

Abstract: A conductive film (12) that covers the upper surface of a CF glass substrate (11) or the upper surface of a polarization plate (13) overlaid on the CF glass substrate is provided. The conductive film and a ground electrode (16) on a TFT glass substrate (10) are electrically connected with a conductive tape (20) having adherence. Then, a conductive paste (22), (23) is adhered to a part so as to be placed on both the conductive tape and the conductive film, and is adhered to a part so as to be placed on both the conductive tape and the ground electrode. The conductive tape is provided with a length allowance such that the entire length is longer than the shortest distance between a connection part between the conductive tape and the conductive film and a connection part between the conductive tape and the ground electrode.

Abstract: A touch panel is presented, which includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate. The first substrate includes a first side having a first circuit. The second substrate includes a first side arranged on the first side of the first substrate and a second side having a second circuit. The third substrate is arranged on the second side of the second substrate. Therefore, by using the structure of the touch panel, the substrates of the touch panel can be integrated, so as to achieve the objective of decreasing the overall thickness of an electronic device.

Abstract: The flexible printed circuit board includes a base material with a connection terminal and a signal wiring formed thereon, a first cover layer disposed on a first side of the base material, and a second cover layer disposed on a second side different from the first side. The display panel is connected to the connection terminal. The first cover layer is spaced from an end portion of the display panel by a gap of a predetermined size thereby leaving at least one of the connection terminal and the signal wiring exposed. The second cover layer overlaps with the gap in a planar view. A second end portion of the second cover layer is disposed on an opposite side the display panel. A shape of the second end portion is formed to be wavy or concavo-convex including crests and troughs.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display having backlight structures that include a light guide plate formed from a clear polymer film. The polymer film may have an edge into which light is emitted from an adjacent array of light-emitting diodes. The light emitting diodes may each include a semiconductor device that emits light. The semiconductor device in each diode may be mounted on lead frame structures and wirebonded to the lead frame structures with first and second wire bonds. To improve backlight homogeneity and thereby reduce the mixing distance for light in the light guide plate, the diodes may be spaced closely together using diode packages having end faces that are free of lead frame structures. Exposed lead frame structures for soldering the light-emitting diodes to a substrate may be formed under the light-emitting diodes and on rear surfaces of the light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: A narrow bezel LCD module, comprising: a liquid crystal panel; a backlight module having at least one plastic frame to carry the liquid crystal panel; a front frame surrounding the plastic frame to fix the liquid crystal panel and form an accommodating space formed between the front frame and the plastic frame; at least one flexible package component disposed in the accommodating space and having a flexible circuit board which electrically connects to the liquid crystal panel and a driver circuit board; and at least one guide block disposed in the accommodating space, fixed on one inner side of the front frame and having a guide slope facing the flexible circuit board. The invention can avoid the flexible package component from being curved upward and damaged.

Abstract: A display device (50aa) includes a display panel (30) which has a display region (D) for image display and a non-display region (N) surrounding the display region (D), and has flexibility, wherein a reinforcing member (35a) is bonded to in the non-display region (N) of the display panel (30) such that the display region (D) is exposed.

Abstract: A flexible display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The flexible display device comprises a first flexible substrate including a display area including an organic light emitting layer, and a peripheral circuit area, and a second flexible substrate coming in contact with the first flexible substrate and including a pattern for facilitating bending thereof, wherein the second flexible substrate has a certain shape according to the pattern, and the first flexible substrate has a shape corresponding to the certain shape. Various embodiments of the present invention provide a flexible display device capable of realizing a narrow bezel-type or bezel-free display device and simultaneously realizing improved types of design, facilitating bending of a bezel area so as to realize a narrow bezel-type or bezel-free display device, and minimizing damage to an area to be bent.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the design and fabrication of flexible devices, including high-performance large-area OLEDs, narrow border display panels and lighting panels are provided. Various described fabrication- and design-processes may be used to provide the necessary electrical drive to lighting and display panels. Electrical drive may be provided to one or more row- and column-signals by patterning conductive elements near the panel edge. The electrical elements may further be folded over a region near the panel edge back on itself, such that electrical traces may route around the display edge. This may allow the display active area to be substantially the same area as its viewing area, and furthermore may allow pixels go substantially all the way to the edge of the viewing area.