Abstract: A memory circuit includes a first programming device, a first circuit branch and a second circuit branch. The first programming device includes a first control terminal coupled to a first word line, and a first connecting end. The first circuit branch includes a first diode, and a first fuse element coupled to the first diode. The second circuit branch includes a second diode, and a second fuse element coupled to the second diode. The first circuit branch and the second circuit branch are coupled to the first connecting end of the first programming device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of electrically controlling state transition of a liquid crystal material in a device (200). The device (200) comprises the liquid crystal material (213) and a polymeric structure (210) consisting of polymerised liquid crystal material with a selected liquid crystal state. The method comprises: applying an electric field to the liquid crystal material (213) to force the liquid crystal material (213) into a high-energy state; reducing the strength of the electric field to cause a lower-energy state region of the liquid crystal material (213) to nucleate on at least a part of the polymeric structure (210).

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a novel laminate and a novel image display device which have both of a gas barrier function and a polarizer function and have a reduced thickness as compared to those in the related art. A laminate of the invention has a laminate which has a substrate, an inorganic layer, and an organic layer, and the organic layer contains an organic dichroic pigment.

Abstract: An array substrate for a display device includes a first base substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the first base substrate that includes a semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a first passivation layer that covers the thin film transistor and that includes an inorganic insulating material; a second passivation layer disposed on the first passivation layer that includes an exposure hole that exposes the first passivation layer on the drain electrode; a common electrode disposed on the second passivation layer; a third passivation layer that covers the common electrode and that includes a contact hole inside the exposure hole to expose the drain electrode; a cavity between the first passivation layer and the third passivation layer on the drain electrode; and a pixel electrode disposed on the third passivation layer and connected with the drain electrode.

Abstract: In a scan system, a lighting unit, a display, and a three-dimensional display that have all of high luminance, low power consumption, and high reliability of a circuit board are provided. A light modulation device bonded to a light guide plate is provided with a light modulation layer exhibiting scattering property or transparency to light propagating through the light guide plate. The light modulation layer is interposed between a lower electrode that is configured of a plurality of partial electrodes extending in a direction parallel to a light incident surface and a sheet-like upper electrode. A drive circuit sequentially drives the plurality of partial electrodes to scan a region exhibiting the scattering property of the light modulation layer in a direction orthogonal to the light incident surface.

Abstract: A novel photovoltaic device including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material that is capable of converting solar energy to electrical energy and method for making. The device may optionally include a conductive container for holding the PDLC material. In an exemplary embodiment, the invention is directed to a self assembled PDLC material, a holographically synthesized PDLC material or a block co-polymer dispersed liquid crystal material. It is envisioned that the invention may be used a power source for any device, system or application. In particular, the invention may be used for any application involving the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy.

Abstract: An enhanced liquid crystal display design is provided having relatively fast response time particularly useful in high speed or highly intense applications, such as stereoscopic or autostereoscopic image display. The liquid crystal display device is configured to display stereoscopic images, and comprises an LCD panel and control electronics configured to drive the LCD panel to a desired 10 stereoscopic display state. The control electronics are configured to employ transient phase switching and overdrive the LCD panel to a desired state to enable relatively rapid display of stereoscopic images.

Abstract: A liquid crystal medium having stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase, a large refractive index anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy and an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase is described. A liquid crystal composition is characterized by exhibiting the optically isotropic liquid crystal phase and containing achiral component T containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component, and a chiral agent: wherein, for example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and X1 is halogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modulation elements for electromagnetic radiation and to modulation devices and systems comprising these devices, such as e.g. television screens and computer monitors, as well as to micrometer wave components. The modulation elements according to the invention comprise a mesogenic modulation medium with a dielectric anisotropy, which shows two or more distinct transitions upon application of an electric field. The mesogenic modulation media used in the modulation elements for electromagnetic radiation are also a subject of the present invention.

Abstract: An unpolarized light beam phase modulator emitting in a given wavelength range comprises at least one cell containing a liquid crystal having a helical structure and means for applying a voltage to said cell, said liquid crystal having a torsion elastic constant greater than its twisting elastic constant so as to ensure continuous stable behavior voltage-wise, said liquid crystal having a sufficient number of turns and in which the axis of the turns is in the light-propagation direction, making it possible to obtain an optical effect generated by the liquid crystal on the electrical field that is identical regardless of the direction of this electrical field, said cell being transparent in said wavelength range.

Abstract: An electronic device having a liquid crystal shutter is disclosed. A liquid crystal shutter is provided in an area formed by expanding a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal shutter includes a rear polarizer, a rear glass substrate, a segmented electrode, a liquid crystal, a counter electrode, a front glass substrate, a shutter aperture, and a front polarizer. A camera module is disposed behind the rear polarizer. A voltage applied to the segmented electrode can be controlled to visually expose or hide the lens of the camera module from a shutter aperture.

Abstract: What is provided is an OCB mode liquid crystal display device (10), including: a plurality of gate bus lines (40); a plurality of source bus lines (42); pixels (58); and pixel electrodes (60) corresponding to the respective pixels (58). According to the OCB mode liquid crystal display device (10), a gap width (L22) between adjacent ones of the pixel electrodes (60) is wider at intersections (S30) of the plurality of gate bus lines (40) and the plurality of source bus lines (42) than in areas other than the intersections (S30).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: first and second substrates between which a liquid crystal forming material is sandwiched and which are disposed to be opposite to each other; a pair of electrodes including one and the other electrodes; a control means for controlling a voltage applied between the electrodes; and a temperature detector. The control means applies a voltage, by which a change of light transmittance occurs based on an induction and disappearance phenomenon of a nematic phase in the liquid crystal forming material, between the electrodes when a temperature of the liquid crystal forming material is in an isotropic phase temperature range, and the control means applies a voltage, by which a change of light transmittance occurs based on a change of orientation of directors of the liquid crystal forming material, between the electrodes when the temperature of the liquid crystal forming material is in a nematic phase temperature range.

Abstract: A bistable chiral splay nematic mode liquid crystal display device including a first substrate; a first electrode on the first substrate, the first electrode having a plate shape; a first insulating layer covering the first electrode; a second electrode and a third electrode on the first insulating layer along a first direction; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a fourth electrode on the second substrate, the fourth electrode having a plate shape; a second insulating layer covering the fourth electrode; a fifth electrode and a sixth electrode on the second insulating layer along a second direction; and a bistable chiral splay nematic liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: An active array substrate, an electrode substrate, and a liquid crystal display panel (LCD) are provided. The LCD includes an active array substrate, an electrode substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The active array substrate includes a base, a plurality of scan lines and data lines disposed on the base, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a plurality of active devices. Each of the active devices is electrically connected to the corresponding scan line, date line, and pixel electrode to define a pixel region and a non-display region. The electrode substrate includes a base and a common electrode disposed on the base of the electrode substrate. The liquid crystal layer is formed between the active array substrate and the electrode substrate and includes liquid molecules with a threshold voltage, a saturation voltage and ions located in the non-display region.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing an electrooptic cell, which includes two plates of optically transparent material and at least one thickness of a composite gel based on a smectic liquid crystal and on a polymer provided between the plates, wherein the gel is in a smectic phase at ambient temperature. The method includes injecting a mixture of a ferroelectric and/or anti-ferroelectric smectic liquid and a monomer between the plates, wherein the monomer content of the mixture is between 5 and 25% by weight. The mixture is heated to above its smectic phase/nematic phase transmission temperature so that the mixture is in the nematic phase. The mixture is irradiated, by ultraviolet radiation, so as to polymerize the monomer and thus obtain the gel. During the irradiation step, an electric or magnetic field is applied to the mixture.

Abstract: A watermark formed of a bistable material, and a method of forming the watermark, are described.

Abstract: A watermark formed of a bistable material, and a method of forming the watermark, are described.

Abstract: A first substrate (20) is subjected to an alignment treatment for controlling an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal layer, an alignment control region (R60) is provided in at least a part of a Y-direction interelectrode region (R52) between respective adjacent pixel electrodes (60), and an extension direction (D10) of the alignment control region (R60) is at an angle of not less than ?15° and not more than +15° with a direction in which the alignment treatment is carried out (D20).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display containing a plurality of liquid crystals, a switching element, a plurality of alignment layers and a plurality of electrodes. The switching element comprises a gate, a drain and a source, and the drain/source forms a directional top portion. The gate and the source/drain form a lateral electric field. The alignment layer is disposed on the switching element and corresponds with the directional top portion. The plurality of liquid crystals are operated by the lateral electric field and located above the electrodes and the alignment layers. The alignment direction of plurality liquid crystals is following the directional top portion due to the enhancement of liquid crystal phase transition. Enhancement of the lateral electric field between the plurality of electrodes is helpful to reduce liquid crystal phase transition time.

Abstract: An LCD device comprises upper substrate, lower substrate, and a liquid crystal (LC) cell disposed therebetween. The LC cell comprises liquid crystals. According to the present invention, in the LCD device which applies voltage to the liquid crystals to control transmissive light for proceeding display, the liquid crystals are applied with a voltage larger than a predetermined voltage for proceeding display. The reflect light and the transmissive light of the liquid crystals are the predetermined color under a condition without applying the voltage thereto.

Abstract: An OCB mode liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of pixel regions includes a first substrate, a second substrate, dot liquid crystal polymer patterns and an OCB liquid crystal material. The first substrate has a first alignment treated layer thereon, the second substrate has a second alignment treated layer thereon, and the dot liquid crystal polymer patterns are on the first alignment treated layer and the second alignment treated layer. Each of the dot liquid crystal polymer patterns has an area between 1˜225 ?m2. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate, and the OCB liquid crystal material is between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A system having a vertically-aligned negative delta E nematic liquid crystal host material and a small amount of liquid crystal polymer is provided. The liquid crystal polymer improves the switching speed of a vertically aligned nematic system without sacrificing contrast or viewing angle.

Abstract: Working range and beam cross-section are adjusted in an electro-optical reader for reading indicia by applying voltages to electrodes in one or more liquid crystal zone plates in which the index of refraction is changed in different regions of each zone plate.

Abstract: A bistable display having one or more permanent hideable mark, and a method of forming the permanent hideable mark, are described. The permanent hideable mark can be hidden and revealed numerous times without loss of information.

Abstract: A bistable display having one or more permanent hideable mark, and a method of forming the permanent hideable mark, are described. The permanent hideable mark can be hidden and revealed numerous times without loss of information.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarization switching liquid crystal element 1 having TN liquid crystal 7 retained between two transparent substrates 2a and 2b for transmitting at least visible polarized light with the polarized light transmission axis selectively rotated by 90 degrees when a voltage is selectively applied to the TN liquid crystal 7, wherein a phase difference u of said TN liquid crystal 7 is defined by the following equation: u=2×?n×d/?, where ?n is the refractive index anisotropy of said TN liquid crystal 7, d is the thickness of said TN liquid crystal 7, and ? is the wavelength of said polarized light, and a transmittance T of said polarization switching liquid crystal element measured with polarization plates on the incident and outgoing sides is defined by the following equation: T=(½)×sin2{?(1+u2)1/2/2}/(1+u2), and wherein the phase difference u includes a value 1.7 and the transmittance T is 0.1 or lower when the ? ranges from 400 nm to 700 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid-crystal display device capable of reducing leakage of light under a black state due to scattering from a liquid-crystal layer, and having high-contrast ratio, excellent image quality performance. The liquid-crystal display device comprises: a liquid-crystal panel including one pair of polarizers disposed on one pair of substrates, a liquid-crystal layer held in sandwiched form between the pair of substrates, and a group of electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates for applying an electric field to the liquid-crystal layer; and a light source unit disposed outside the pair of substrates. The liquid-crystal layer includes a liquid-crystal material having an ordinary-light refractive index of at least 1.46, but up to 1.49, an extraordinary-light refractive index of at least 1.54, but up to 1.59, and a mean photoelastic constant of at least 8, but up to 25, and exhibiting a nematic phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security element (12) for protecting valuable articles, having a thin-film element (30) that has a color-shift effect and that includes an absorber layer (36) having gaps (38) in the region of which no color-shift effect is perceptible, and a relief pattern (26) that is arranged only in gapped absorber layer regions (38) below the thin-film element (30).

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal optical device showing small haze value in transparent state and being excellent in productivity, a process for producing such a device, and a liquid crystal composition for producing such a device. The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is a liquid crystal composition containing a nematic liquid crystal and at least two types of optically active materials having different optical rotatory directions, wherein one of the optically active materials having different optical rotatory directions is a non-curable compound, the other one of the optically active materials is a curable compound, and the liquid crystal composition as a whole shows a nematic phase.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, first to third electrodes formed on the first substrate, and a fourth electrode formed on the second substrate, wherein the first and second substrates include a main display region and an assistance display region, wherein the first and second electrodes form a horizontal electric field that is substantially parallel to the surfaces of the first and the second insulating substrates, and the third and fourth electrodes form a vertical electric field that is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal cell including liquid crystal operating in a twisted nematic mode; a first quartz plate optically compensating for the liquid crystal cell; a second quartz plate optically compensating for the liquid crystal cell; and a pair of polarizing elements disposed with the liquid crystal cell, the first quartz plate, and the second quartz plate interposed therebetween. Here, the thickness d [?m] of the first and second quartz plates, the polar angle ? [°] of the optical axis of the first and second quartz plates, and the cell gap CG [?m] of the liquid crystal cell satisfy the following conditional expressions: 0.7(16 cos2 ??23.6 cos ?+14.6)(1+0.32(CG?3.0))<d??(1) d<1.3(16 cos2 ??23.6 cos ?+14.6))(1+0.32(CG?3.0))??(2).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining good display characteristics and good response characteristics is provided. A liquid crystal material being a paraelectric material, the liquid crystal material includes: a liquid crystal molecule exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase at room temperature and including one or more cyclic structures; and a bent-shaped molecule including cyclic structures which are large in number compared to the cyclic structures included in the liquid crystal molecule.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device using nematic liquid crystal material with low power consumption and having a memory characteristic which can be easily fabricated with a high yield. The liquid crystal device using nematic liquid crystal material includes: a pair of substrates (1,4) with plate-like electrode layers (2,5) thereon; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates (1,4); and alignment layers (3,6) arranged between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the pair of substrates (1,4). The alignment layers (3,6) include a plurality of different alignment domains having a substantially vertical direction and substantially horizontal direction to the surface of the substrate. Both of two orientation states, i.e. a substantially vertical orientation state and a substantially horizontal orientation state of the liquid crystal, are stable and have a memory characteristic in the absence of an electric field.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of improving response characteristics while maintaining display characteristics, and a liquid crystal display using such a liquid crystal display device are provided. Provided is the liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates facing each other, and electrodes and a liquid crystal layer provided between the pair of substrates, where the liquid crystal layer is composed of liquid crystal material including a liquid crystal molecule showing a nematic liquid crystal phase and a molecule providing tilt to the liquid crystal molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electro-optical light modulation element and to electro-optical displays and display systems, such as television screens and computer monitors, containing elements of this type. The light modulation elements according to the invention contain a mesogenic modulation medium which is in the isotropic phase during operation of the light modulation elements and are particularly distinguished by very short response times in addition to good contrast and low viewing-angle dependence. The mesogenic modulation media used in the electro-optical light modulation elements are likewise a subject-matter of the present invention.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes two substrates each covered with a transparent conducting layer and having a liquid crystal layer therebetween, in which the liquid crystal layer is a pure nematic electrooptical matrix or sensitized electrooptical mixture with nanoobjects and in which the conducting layers have been treated with a surface electromagnetic wave. The present invention increases a response speed of the liquid crystal display element due to a decrease of the switching time of electrooptical liquid crystal layer up to 1 ms or less; decreases the number of layers in the liquid crystal display element because an alignment layer is absent, and thus increases the transparency of element; decreases a supply voltage amplitude; and increases a possibility to develop different configurations of the liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel having polarizers, and a back light having a light source for illumination of the liquid crystal panel which has a characteristic of spectral transmittance required to satisfy the following equation, x>y>z, when a medium tone display voltage varies in a range between a minimum and maximum voltage for a Blue pixel, where “x” is a value of the transmittance in the panel at a wavelength corresponding to a longest wavelength in a range of wavelengths designated for blue light, “y” is a value of the transmittance in the panel at a wavelength corresponding to a maximum value of the intensity in a range of wavelengths designated for green light, and “z” is a value of the transmittance in the panel at a wavelength corresponding to a maximum value of the intensity in a range of wavelengths designated for red light.

Abstract: The invention is directed to liquid crystal compositions for use in bistable liquid crystal devices and to bistable liquid crystal devices containing said liquid crystal compositions. The liquid crystal composition comprises a component (?) said component (?) containing one or more compounds having a phenyl ring of formula A Whereby XA is F, CI, SF5, NCS or a C1 to C8 alkanyl, alkenyl or alkoxy radical substituted with at least one F atom; and LA is H or F.

Abstract: A bistable nematic liquid crystal display device includes two cell walls enclosing a layer of a nematic liquid crystal material, means for applying an electric field across at least some of the layer, and means for inducing local planar alignments of said liquid crystal material at an inner surface of each cell wall. The local planar alignments are oriented to each other at an angle greater than 0° and less than 90°. The device also includes means for selectively masking an alignment effect of either of the local planar alignments by applying a unidirectional electric field pulse of suitable magnitude and duration to stabilise the device in one of two different homeoplanar configurations determined by the polarity of the pulse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bistable nematic liquid crystal matricial display device wherein the shift to one of the at least two bistable states is carried out by displacing the liquid crystal parallel to the surfaces of the device, characterized by the fact that it comprises a system for addressing various elements of the display device, characterized in that it comprises a system for addressing the various elements of the display device such that it does not simultaneously shift two adjacent elements located in the direction in which the material flows. The invention also relates to a display method. The invention makes it possible to control the grey level by controlling the scan rings of the hydrodynamic flow in order to define the border between two different textures.

Abstract: A device nematic liquid crystal display device has two stable states corresponding to two liquid crystal molecule textures whose torsion differs by 150° to 180° in terms of absolute value. The device includes two polarizers (10, 40), one (10) of which is placed on the observer side, the other (40) being placed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell. The orientation of the two polarizers is offset by a value which is equal to the rotatory power of the cell+/??/2, the rotatory power corresponding to the most twisted texture effect.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal electro-optical device is offered which can operate at high speeds and easily oriented. The value of the surface tension of liquid crystal-orienting layers is 40 dynes/cm or more, and these layers are rubbed in antiparallel directions to each other. This reduces the pretilt angle of the molecules of a nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates. The anisotropy of the dielectric constant of the nematic liquid crystal is positive.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel including a pair of substrates being disposed so as to oppose to each other and having electrodes and alignment films formed respectively on the opposing surfaces thereof, and liquid crystal layer in which nematic liquid crystal encapsulated between the pair of substrates is aligned in the horizontal direction to be at substantially 0° in twist angle by giving a pretilt in a predetermined direction by the alignment film, a polarizing plate(s) being arranged on the front side and back side of the liquid crystal panel and being set in direction of polarization to provide a black level when a drive voltage to be applied between the electrodes is brought into an OFF state, and optical compensating means disposed between the polarizing plate(s) and the liquid crystal panel for performing optical compensation for the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a substrate of a flat panel display device is disclosed. The method includes following steps: providing a substrate having patterned transparent electrode thereon; and forming an alignment layer on the surface of the transparent electrode. The formed alignment layer includes a homeotropic alignment film and a homogeneous alignment film adjacent to the homeotropic alignment film. Moreover, the homeotropic alignment film is formed utilizing printing on or on a periphery of to the homogeneous alignment film. Through this method, the flat panel display device can be manufactured without increasing the quantity of the mask cycles, and without a complex process of gradation exposure. Moreover, the problem resulted from multiple rubbing can be reduced, and the cost for manufacturing can be decreased.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of improving response characteristics while maintaining display characteristics, and a liquid crystal display using such a liquid crystal display device are provided. Provided is the liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates facing each other, and electrodes and a liquid crystal layer provided between the pair of substrates, where the liquid crystal layer is composed of liquid crystal material including a liquid crystal molecule showing a nematic liquid crystal phase and a molecule providing tilt to the liquid crystal molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid-crystal display device capable of reducing leakage of light under a black state due to scattering from a liquid-crystal layer, and having high-contrast ratio, excellent image quality performance. The liquid-crystal display device comprises: a liquid-crystal panel including one pair of polarizers disposed on one pair of substrates, a liquid-crystal layer held in sandwiched form between the pair of substrates, and a group of electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates for applying an electric field to the liquid-crystal layer; and a light source unit disposed outside the pair of substrates. The liquid-crystal layer includes a liquid-crystal material having an ordinary-light refractive index of at least 1.46, but up to 1.49, an extraordinary-light refractive index of at least 1.54, but up to 1.59, and a mean photoelastic constant of at least 8, but up to 25, and exhibiting a nematic phase.

Abstract: A bistable nematic liquid crystal display device comprises two opposed cell walls enclosing a layer of a nematic liquid crystal material. An inner surface of each cell wall is provided with an electrode for applying an electric field across at least some of the liquid crystal material. An inner surface of one of the cell walls is provided with a surface alignment capable of inducing a desired alignment in adjacent molecules of the liquid crystal material, and a layer of finely-divided particles is immobilized on the surface alignment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display utilizes ferroelectric liquid crystals in its construction. The liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a first alignment layer over the first substrate, and a first ferroelectric liquid crystal layer over the first alignment layer, which has a polarity in a first direction. A second substrate faces the first substrate, a second alignment layer is over the second substrate, and a second ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is over the second alignment layer. Both ferroelectric layers have and a polarity in the same direction.

Abstract: A projection-type 3-D image display device includes a single display element, a polarization conversion switch, a first image shifter, a second image shifter, a projection lens unit, a mirrored light tunnel, and a screen unit. The screen unit includes an image separation unit. The single display element emits light polarized in a first polarization direction according to an input image. The polarization conversion switch time-sequentially converts the first polarization direction of the light emitted by the display element into a second polarization direction. The first image shifter transmits the light having the first polarization direction to form a first image and refracts the light having the second polarization direction to form a second image. The second image shifter faces the first image shifter and is arranged apart from the first image shifter by a predetermined interval. The projection lens unit enlarges and projects the first and second images.