Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an array substrate and a display pane. Multiple pixel electrode branches in a corresponding one of the pixel regions are divided into a first pixel electrode branch and a second pixel electrode branch by a corresponding one of the metal common electrodes. The first pixel electrode branch and the second pixel electrode branch, which are located in the same pixel regions, are connected to different TFTs. In each pixel region, an end of the first pixel electrode branch close to a corresponding one of the scan lines is connected to a corresponding one of the TFTs, and an end of the second pixel electrode branch close to another corresponding one of the scan lines is connected to another corresponding one of the TFTs.

Abstract: Privacy cells can be configured to enable segmented control. A privacy cell can include a segmented array of electrodes that allow segments of liquid crystal to be independently controlled. By independently applying a voltage to each electrode, the liquid crystal within each segment can be independently oriented at a desired angle for a particular mode of operation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel includes: a first substrate including multiple pixel electrodes, and multiple gate lines; a liquid crystal layer; and a second substrate including a common electrode. In at least 30 pixels consecutive in a row direction, arrays of domains are identical. The gate lines extend through a region between rows of the display unit regions. The domains in the display unit region located in an nth row are arranged in an order of a first domain, a second domain, a third domain, and a fourth domain. The first domain and the fourth domain are located between the second domain and the third domain in a domain arrangement order in the display unit region located in an (n+1)th row. Each of the pixel electrodes is provided with multiple fine slits parallel to the alignment vectors of the respective domains.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes in the following order: a first substrate including pixel electrodes; a first vertical alignment film; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules; a second vertical alignment film; and a second substrate including a counter electrode. The liquid crystal display panel includes pixels each including four alignment regions which provide different tilt azimuths to the liquid crystal molecules and are arranged in a longitudinal direction of each pixel. The liquid crystal display panel includes first, second, third, and fourth alignment regions providing the respective specific alignment azimuths. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second vertical alignment films and at a tilt in the respective tilt azimuth directions with no voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer and are to be more tilted in the respective tilt azimuth directions upon application of voltage to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The present application discloses a peep-proof apparatus for switching a viewing angle of a display panel between a first viewing angle and a second viewing angle. The peep-proof apparatus includes a base substrate; a first liquid crystal layer on the base substrate; a second liquid crystal layer on a side of the first liquid crystal layer distal to the base substrate; a first controller configured to control the first liquid crystal layer to switch between being light transmissive and being light blocking in a plurality of first regions spaced apart from each other while other regions in the first liquid crystal layer being light transmissive; and a second controller configured to control the second liquid crystal layer to switch between being light transmissive and being light blocking in a plurality of second regions spaced apart from each other while other regions in the second liquid crystal layer being light transmissive.

Abstract: A view angle switching method includes: determining a current view angle of a display screen and acquiring a current image grayscale value of a displayed image when a view angle switching instruction is detected; determining a target grayscale value based on the current view angle of the display screen and the current image grayscale value, where, at the target grayscale value, a screen brightness value at the switched view angle is equal to a brightness value of the screen before switching; and switching the display screen between a small view angle and a wide view angle in response to the view angle switching instruction, and setting the image grayscale of the image as the target grayscale value.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a transistor including an oxide semiconductor film including a channel formation region; a pixel electrode electrically connected to the transistor; an insulating layer in contact with the pixel electrode; and a first common electrode in contact with the insulating layer. The second substrate faces the first substrate and includes a second common electrode. A negative liquid crystal material is used for the liquid crystal layer. The specific resistivity of the liquid crystal material is greater than or equal to 1.0×1013 ?·cm and less than or equal to 1.0×1016 ?·cm.

Abstract: The present application relates to a device for regulating the passage of energy which is characterised in that it comprises at least two switching layers S(1) and S(2) arranged one behind the other, where the switching layers comprise a liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one dichroic compound.

Abstract: In an LCD device having wall electrodes, four kinds of pixels are used that impart different alignment properties to the liquid crystal molecules. Specifically, the LC molecules are aligned such that: the LC molecules in first pixels twist clockwise and rise in a plus direction; the LC molecules in second pixels twist clockwise and rise in a minus direction; the LC molecules in third pixels twist counterclockwise and rise in the plus direction; and the LC molecules in fourth pixels twist counterclockwise and rise in the minus direction. The pixels of the same type are arranged in rows such that their long sides are adjacent to one another.

Abstract: Techniques for solar cell electrical characterization are provided. In one aspect, a solar testing device is provided. The device includes a solar simulator; and a continuous neutral density filter in front of the solar simulator having regions of varying light attenuation levels ranging from transparent to opaque, the continuous neutral density filter having an area sufficiently large to filter all light generated by the solar simulator, and wherein a position of the continuous neutral density filter relative to the solar simulator is variable so as to control a light intensity produced by the device. A solar cell electrical characterization system and a method for performing a solar cell electrical characterization are also provided.

Abstract: Techniques for solar cell electrical characterization are provided. In one aspect, a solar testing device is provided. The device includes a solar simulator; and a continuous neutral density filter in front of the solar simulator having regions of varying light attenuation levels ranging from transparent to opaque, the continuous neutral density filter having an area sufficiently large to filter all light generated by the solar simulator, and wherein a position of the continuous neutral density filter relative to the solar simulator is variable so as to control a light intensity produced by the device. A solar cell electrical characterization system and a method for performing a solar cell electrical characterization are also provided.

Abstract: Techniques for solar cell electrical characterization are provided. In one aspect, a solar testing device is provided. The device includes a solar simulator; and a continuous neutral density filter in front of the solar simulator having regions of varying light attenuation levels ranging from transparent to opaque, the continuous neutral density filter having an area sufficiently large to filter all light generated by the solar simulator, and wherein a position of the continuous neutral density filter relative to the solar simulator is variable so as to control a light intensity produced by the device. A solar cell electrical characterization system and a method for performing a solar cell electrical characterization are also provided.

Abstract: The described technology relates to a liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof. The liquid crystal display includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form. The pixels include a liquid crystal capacitor including a pixel electrode and a common electrode as two terminals. A plurality of data lines transfer data to the plurality of pixels. The pixels include a first pixel and a second pixel, which are adjacent to each other. First and second common signals are applied to the common electrode of the first and second pixels, respectively. The second common signal is inverted to the first common signal. The first and second common signals swing between a first voltage and a second voltage. The polarity of the data voltage transferred by a data line with respect to the first common signal or the second common signal is constant during one frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal compound with negative dielectric anisotropy, having a general formula as Formula 1. In Formula 1, each of L1, L2, L3, and L4, being same or different, is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano group. Each of R1 and R2, being same or different, is hydrogen, halogen, C1-12 alkyl group, C1-12 alkoxy group, C1-12 haloalkyl group, C2-12 alkenyl group, C2-12 ether group, or C2-12 alkynyl group. Each of A1 and A2, being same or different, is benzene, cyclohexane, or cyclohexene. Z1 is —CF2O—, or —OCF2—, and Z2 is —CF2O—, or —OCF2—.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal additive, a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal panel thereof. The liquid crystal additive of the present invention has a higher clear point, so that adding the liquid crystal additive into a liquid crystal composition of a liquid crystal panel can omit the process of forming alignment films to reduce manufacturing costs and time of liquid crystal panels; meanwhile, the MURA phenomenon due to the different effects of liquid crystal molecules and liquid crystal reactive monomers on alignment films is avoided, so as to improve the uniformity of liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including at least one electrode configured to form an electric field, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal of negative dielectric anisotropy, an additive, and a derivative of the additive.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate that faces the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules that have negative dielectric anisotropy and a nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature (Tni) of about 110° C. or more.

Abstract: A display device can include a housing, a processor, and a display assembly. The processor can be arranged within the housing. The display assembly can be operably coupled to the processor and arranged within the housing. The display assembly can include a first display, a privacy filter, and a second display. The first display can output a first portion of the display. The second display can output a second portion of the display. The privacy filter and the first and second displays can be arranged such that the first portion of the display assembly is filtered by the privacy filter to be viewable in a first viewable arc. The second portion of the display assembly can be viewable in a second viewable arc that is different than the first viewable arc. The first and second displays can be LCD's.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device capable of preventing a decrease in voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) and resolving the problem of display defects such as white spots, alignment unevenness, image sticking, and the like. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized by preventing a decrease in voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) and suppressing the occurrence of display defects such as image sticking and the like, and is thus particularly useful for a VA-mode or PSVA-mode liquid crystal display device for active matrix driving, and can be applied to liquid crystal display devices such as a liquid crystal TV, a monitor, a cellular phone, a smart phone, and the like.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device capable of preventing a decrease in voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) and resolving the problem of display defects such as white spots, alignment unevenness, image sticking, and the like. The liquid crystal display device prevents a decrease in voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) and suppressing the occurrence of display defects such as image sticking and the like. The liquid crystal display device is thus useful for a VA-mode or PSVA-mode liquid crystal display device for active matrix driving. The application of the device includes liquid crystal display devices such as liquid crystal TVs, monitors, cellular phones, and smart phones.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device in which a display defect is less likely to occur even when an alignment layer is not formed. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates including an electrode, and the liquid crystal layer having negative dielectric anisotropy, in which each of the pair of substrates includes a silane coupling layer on a surface of the corresponding substrate, a polymer layer configured to vertically align adjacent liquid crystal molecules is formed on a surface of the silane coupling layer, the polymer layer is formed by the polymerization of at least one monomer contained in a liquid crystal composition, and the at least one monomer contains a compound represented by the chemical formula (1).

Abstract: A method for addressing a bistable nematic matrix LCD having two stable textures without any applied electric field. Pixel addressing is of the passive multiplex type. The method includes selecting the value of the electrical voltage applied between the substrates so that an average value of the voltage, preferably the average quadratic value, since the initial command for image display up to the time immediately preceding switching, has a predetermined value independent of the information to be displayed, which is the same for all the pixels of the image.

Abstract: A display device can include a housing, a processor, and a display assembly. The processor can be arranged within the housing. The display assembly can be operably coupled to the processor and arranged within the housing. The display assembly can include a first display, a privacy filter, and a second display. The first display can output a first portion of the display. The second display can output a second portion of the display. The privacy filter and the first and second displays can be arranged such that the first portion of the display assembly is filtered by the privacy filter to be viewable in a first viewable arc. The second portion of the display assembly can be viewable in a second viewable arc that is different than the first viewable arc. The first and second displays can be LCD's.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with better visibility and transmittance. The liquid crystal display includes a first plate having a first field-generating electrode, disposed in a pixel area on an insulating substrate, comprising a plurality of sub-electrodes which are separated from each other by a predetermined distance and arranged parallel to each other, and a connecting electrode electrically connecting the sub-electrodes. An alignment film that is rubbed in a first direction covers a first field-generating electrode and an alignment film that is rubbed in a second direction covers a second field-generating electrode to achieve a predetermined orientation of the liquid crystals when no field is applied and more uniform rotation of the liquid crystal molecules when a field is applied.

Abstract: This invention provides an exposure apparatus that can inhibit visual recognition of display unevenness at a joint portion even if scanning temporarily stops during scanning exposure, as well as a liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. This invention is an exposure apparatus for exposing a photoalignment film provided on a substrate. The exposure apparatus includes a light source and a photomask, and exposes the photoalignment film through the photomask while scanning the light source or the substrate. When a direction in which the light source or the substrate is scanned is taken as a scanning direction, and a direction that is orthogonal to the scanning direction is taken as a vertical direction, the photomask includes a first region and a second region that is adjacent to the first region in the vertical direction. The first region includes a plurality of first transparent portions inside a first light-shielding portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display element in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates laminated to each other by a sealing material such that alignment films are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap between the alignment films, wherein a range of dielectric anisotropy ?? of a material for the liquid crystal layer at a measured temperature of 70° C. is ?4.5 to less than zero.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a pair of substrates each disposed on each opposing plane and having an electrode of a predetermine shape; a vertical alignment film formed covering each of the electrodes of the pair of substrates and subjected to a rubbing alignment process; an insulating film formed between the electrode and the vertical alignment film in each of the pair of substrates and having necessary insulation; and liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates and having a negative dielectric anisotropy ?? and a specific resistance ?c1 of 1.0×1014 ?cm to 1.0×1015 ?cm, wherein a structure between the electrodes is selected to satisfy conditions of T?5.2×?c1×1/(1×1012) sec and T?500 sec, where T is a charge resident time until a display image disappears completely after static electricity of 10 kV is applied between the electrodes of the pair of substrate and the display image is tuned on.

Abstract: A display device includes a liquid crystal layer having opposing principal faces; a plurality of electrodes; and an illuminator for emitting light toward one of the principal faces of the liquid crystal layer. When a predetermined voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer forms an intermediate layer containing liquid crystal molecules which are oriented in a different direction from that of the liquid crystal molecules in an anchoring layer, and causes linearly-polarized light which has been transmitted through the anchoring layer to be refracted toward the one principal face in or near the intermediate layer. White is displayed while no voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer, and black displaying is conducted while a voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: Electrode slit portions are formed in a pixel electrode in a direction of crossing a slit for dividing a liquid crystal layer into a plurality of domains. A titanium oxide film is formed so as to be exposed to the liquid crystal layer side via the electrode slit portions, the titanium oxide film having a relative dielectric constant higher than that of an organic film formed at positions corresponding to the electrode slit portions. By the titanium oxide film, an electric field of each domain is set, angles between the director in the vicinity of the electrode slit portion and transmission axes of polarizing plates are made to approximately 45°, and a decrease in transmittance caused by the falling direction of the director can be suppressed. The transmittance and contrast ratio are secured, and simultaneously an excellent wide viewing angle range can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarization switching liquid crystal element 1 having TN liquid crystal 7 retained between two transparent substrates 2a and 2b for transmitting at least visible polarized light with the polarized light transmission axis selectively rotated by 90 degrees when a voltage is selectively applied to the TN liquid crystal 7, wherein a phase difference u of said TN liquid crystal 7 is defined by the following equation: u=2×?n×d/?, where ?n is the refractive index anisotropy of said TN liquid crystal 7, d is the thickness of said TN liquid crystal 7, and ? is the wavelength of said polarized light, and a transmittance T of said polarization switching liquid crystal element measured with polarization plates on the incident and outgoing sides is defined by the following equation: T=(½)×sin2{?(1+u2)1/2/2}/(1+u2), and wherein the phase difference u includes a value 1.7 and the transmittance T is 0.1 or lower when the ? ranges from 400 nm to 700 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device driven by a linear coupling, such as ferroelectric and/or flexoelectric coupling, between an inhomogenous in-plane electric field generated by an electrode pattern over a first sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent to said electrode pattern and liquid crystals in a polarized state comprised in said first sub-volume and/or in an optional alignment layer applied on said electrode pattern said polarization being stronger than any possible similar liquid crystal polarization of the bulk layer outside said first sub-volume, said alignment layer, and/or a second sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent the inner surface of the other substrate, or an optional second alignment layer or an optional electrode pattern applied thereon.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has (i) first and second substrates having electrodes and a pretilt angle of 88.5° to 89.5°, (ii) a liquid crystal layer, having a thickness d and made of liquid crystal molecule material which has a twist structure at a twist angle of 160° to 240° in a voltage application state, the liquid crystal layer containing chiral material having a pitch of p, where d/p is 0.2 to 0.74, (iii) a first polarizer disposed facing the first substrate, the first polarizer having as a transmission axis direction a first direction, (iv) a second polarizer disposed facing the second substrate, the second polarizer having as a transmission axis direction a second direction having an angle of 85° to 95° relative to the first direction, and (v) an optical anisotropic plate disposed at least one of between the first substrate and first polarizer and between the second substrate and second polarizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vertically aligned liquid crystal display and a method of manufacturing the same and provides a liquid crystal display in which singular points can be sufficiently controlled to achieve high display quality and a method of manufacturing the same. A surface of the common electrode facing at least one-fourth of a non-electrode part at the outer periphery of the electrode unit is formed with a height of 0.2 ?m or more or a height in the range from 0.4 to 1.5 ?m if possible above a surface of the common electrode facing a part of the electrode unit substantially in the middle thereof.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display device, a transparent area is formed in a part of the color filter layer which opposes the reflective electrode. A part of the transparent area opposes a part of the structure formed to make liquid crystal molecules incline. The structure and the transparent area are configured to keep a ratio constant, the ratio being a ratio between a size of the transparent area's part opposing the structure's part and a size of the rest of the transparent area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal device produced by using the liquid crystal alignment agent thereof, and a method for alignment of liquid crystal molecules by using the liquid crystal alignment agent. In more detail, the present embodiments relates to a novel liquid crystal alignment agent used in a method of aligning liquid crystal molecules, wherein the agent includes a molecule having a highly polar functional group grafted onto an end of the molecule.

Abstract: A trim retarder for a liquid crystal display based projection system including a light source, a polarizer/analyzer, a liquid crystal display panel, and a projection lens, is clocked to an optimal azimuthal angle that provides a system contrast level substantially unaffected by the orientation of the slow axis of the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: The display device according to the present invention includes: a liquid crystal layer 12 having a first principal face and a second principal face opposing each other; a plurality of electrodes 14a and 14b; a fluorophore layer provided on the first principal face side of the liquid crystal layer; and an illuminator for emitting light for exciting the fluorophore layer toward the second principal face of the liquid crystal layer. When a predetermined voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer forms an intermediate layer containing liquid crystal molecules which are oriented in a different direction from that of liquid crystal molecules in an anchoring layer near the second principal face, and causes linearly-polarized light which has been transmitted through the anchoring layer near the second principal face to be refracted toward the second principal face in or near the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate having a first electrode and a first alignment film, a second substrate having a second electrode and a second alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal layer is doped with a chiral material that tends to induce a twist in directors of the liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer using the first and second electrodes. The first alignment film has a first alignment direction, the second alignment film has a second alignment direction, and the first and second alignment films have orientations that tend to induce a twist in the directors when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, in which the direction of twist induced by the first and second alignment films is different from the direction of twist induced by the chiral material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, wherein a pixel region is defined by a gate line and a data line, the pixel region is divided into a reflection region and a transmission region, an electric field guide window is formed on the transmission region, a pixel electrode is formed on the pixel region, and a predetermined step difference part is formed on a boundary between the reflection region and the transmission region, a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a dielectric rib spaced apart by a predetermined distance from the electric field guide window, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of electronics and may be used for making displays and, in particular, liquid crystal information displays, panels, cells e.t.c. The object of invention is to simplify the method for making liquid crystal devices by reducing the number of technological operations and consequently to reduce the cost of liquid crystal display without sacrificing the quality (wide viewing angle). To achieve this the electric field applied to the liquid crystal in such display has the non-uniform component parallel to the plane of the substrates, which leads to the non-uniform reorientation of the aforementioned liquid crystal in the space between the aforementioned electrodes within the pixel area and hence improves optical properties of this display in various directions of observation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of spaced and opposed substrates, an electrode and an alignment layer formed on one of the substartes and on the other substrates of said substrates, and a liquid crystal filled between the pair of substrates. The liquid crystal has a dielectric constant of negative anistrophy. The alignment layers on the one and the other substrates are formed so that one pixel has four regions divided by a crosswise boundary line in which the alignments of the liquid crystal are mutually different. A shading layer is provided to cover the crosswise boundary line, wherein the shading layer includes a storage capacity electrode formed on one of the substrates, and has a first portion extending in a first direction and a second portion extending in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer, a pixel electrode, a switching element, a signal line, and a same potential line. The liquid crystal layer is composed of liquid crystal that has a negative dielectric anisotropy and so is vertically aligned in an initial alignment state. The pixel electrode has a first side and a second side. The first side being opposite from the second side. The switching element is used for applying driving voltage selectively to the pixel electrode. The signal line is connected to the switching element and is located adjacent to the first side of the pixel electrode. The same potential line extends in the same direction as the signal line and is applied with the same voltage as that applied to the signal line. The same potential line is located adjacent to the second side of the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A slit pattern, which is an orientation control element extending in an oblique direction relative to an edge of a pixel electrode on a surface of a TFT substrate, is formed in the pixel electrode to extend in a substantially parallel direction to an extending direction of a bank-shaped pattern. Furthermore, as an orientation control element, fine slit patterns (concave portions in the pixel electrode) are formed locally in a part near the edge of the pixel electrode except in the pixel electrode to extend in an oblique direction relative to an extending direction of the edge.

Abstract: It was found that the domain in which the disinclination was unstable was a domain located on the periphery of the pixel and in which the alignment orientation of the liquid crystal molecules within the pixel was different from the tilting orientation of the liquid crystal molecules due to the transverse electric field of the outer edge of the pixel and it is larger than 90°. As a result it was found that the liquid crystal within the pixel needed to be aligned in order to minimize the domain for the improvement in the property of withstanding vibrations, and a liquid crystal display panel more excellent in the property of withstanding vibrations could be realized by keeping the domain in which the disinclination was unstable near the short side of the pixel as shown in FIG. 25B.

Abstract: In order to suppress noise in display, which would occur due to variations of inclination directions of liquid crystal molecules, and to improve display quality, a first structure in a shape having a discontinuous portion is provided to a first electrode, and a second structure is provided to a second electrode so as to face the discontinuous portion of the first structure. When a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes to generate an electric field in a liquid crystal layer, the first structure controls the inclination directions of the liquid crystal molecules, and the second structure controls the inclination directions of the liquid crystal molecules existing in the discontinuous portion of the first structure. In the discontinuous portion of the first structure, the amount of light passing through the liquid crystal layer increases, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned more vertically. Hence, light leakage is reduced.

Abstract: An MVA liquid crystal display which is high in brightness and has preferable characteristics is provided. Further, the MVA liquid crystal display with a preferable display quality as well as a larger margin in fabrication and a higher yield is provided. A first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode corresponding to a display pixel, the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the first and the second substrates, and a structure which is provided on each of the first and the second substrate to control an alignment of the liquid crystal are provided. The structure in the first substrate has a linear protrusion structure and provides at least two auxiliary protrusion structures opposing to each end portion facing to the second electrode extending from a protrusion structure provided and the width between the two auxiliary protrusions and the opposing second electrode is more than 6 ?m respectively.

Abstract: A slit pattern, which is an orientation control element extending in an oblique direction relative to an edge of a pixel electrode on a surface of a TFT substrate, is formed in the pixel electrode to extend in a substantially parallel direction to an extending direction of a bank-shaped pattern. Furthermore, as an orientation control element, fine slit patterns (concave portions in the pixel electrode) are formed locally in a part near the edge of the pixel electrode except in the pixel electrode to extend in an oblique direction relative to an extending direction of the edge.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display having uniform display and having a wide viewing angle despite the fact that the display includes active elements for switching pixels in the display area, and an electronic device including the same. Specifically, the invention is a transflective liquid crystal display, each dot of which has a reflective display area and a transmissive display area. The liquid crystal display can include an element substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes, each pixel electrode being provided with a thin film diode (TFD) element, and an opposite substrate facing the element substrate. A reflective layer formed on the opposite substrate extends directly below the TFD element.

Abstract: A slit pattern, which is an orientation control element extending in an oblique direction relative to an edge of a pixel electrode on a surface of a TFT substrate, is formed in the pixel electrode to extend in a substantially parallel direction to an extending direction of a bank-shaped pattern. Furthermore, as an orientation control element, fine slit patterns (concave portions in the pixel electrode) are formed locally in a part near the edge of the pixel electrode except in the pixel electrode to extend in an oblique direction relative to an extending direction of the edge.

Abstract: Gate lines are formed on an insulating substrate, and data lines crossing the gate lines are formed. The gate lines and the data lines are insulated from each other and intersect each other to define pixel areas. A thin film transistor including three terminals of a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode is formed in each pixel area. A direction control electrode and a pixel electrode are also formed in each pixel area. The thin film transistor switches the direction control electrode. The pixel electrode is electronically floating and capacitively coupled with the direction control electrode.