Abstract: A device and method for injecting liquid crystal material into a liquid crystal cell. The device includes a container for holding the liquid crystal material and a stand disposed in the container. The stand has an upper surface and at least one side having a plurality of furrows formed therein. The liquid crystal material is transported by capillary action to the upper surface where it is contacted with an injection hole of the cell. The method provides for removal of air from the liquid crystal material and injection of the liquid crystal material in an isotropic state.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal panel by forming a plurality of liquid crystal sealing-in areas between a transparent pair of large-area substrates and dividing the liquid crystal sealing-in areas into separate liquid crystal sealing-in areas.

Abstract: A manufacturing tool and method for enhancing the speed with which display panels can be filled with the requisite liquid crystal is described. In essence, the panel walls are expanded by compression of opposite edges to provide a wider channel for the liquid to flow resulting in a substantial increase in the mass transfer of the liquid crystal per unit time thereby enhancing the panel throughput rate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device, comprising: a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode including one substrate having thereon a color filter and a coating layer, and a liquid crystal layer comprising a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed together with spacer beads between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a thickness smaller than a diameter of the spacer beads and a maximum thickness of the coating layer, the coating layer having a pencil hardness of at most 7 H. The above layer structure between the substrates is effective in improving resistance to external shock and providing a uniform cell gap.

Abstract: The present invention enables efficient microfabrication of a fully integrated liquid crystal display device. Initially, a sacrificial layer is formed on a substrate that has conductive pads connected thereto. The sacrificial layer is patterned, and portions of the sacrificial layer are removed to expose portions of the underlying layer supporting the sacrificial layer. Then, a permeable layer is formed on the sacrificial layer, thereby filling in the space vacated by the removed potions of the sacrificial layer. The structure is heated and the material of the sacrificial layer is allowed to dissolve into and dissipate through the permeable layer in order to leave a cavity. Once the sacrificial layer is removed, the permeable layer is supported by the portion of the permeable layer filling in the space vacated by the removed portions of the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: A cell gap uniformity in the vicinity of a seal and inside a display region of a liquid crystal display device is enhanced. Further, even when a multi-daylight press is used in a substrate bonding process, a variation in cell gap depending on the stratal positions of substrates is suppressed. In the process of bonding together two substrates on which display use electrodes are formed, the two substrates are bonded together with interposition of a seal member and a spacer. Thereafter, first, the bonded substrates are pressurized according to a specified pressurization profile in a normal temperature state of, for example, 26.degree. C., thereby extending the seal member. Subsequently, these substrates are pressurized according to a pressurization profile whose maximum pressure is set smaller than the maximum pressure in the normal temperature state with heat applied to the substrates, thereby hardening the seal member.

Abstract: A multiple panel is manufactured having individual panels in each of which a sealing material surrounds a pixel region and peripheral driver circuit regions. At least a part of the sealing material in the respective panels is provided with seal openings to enable a liquid crystal material to be injected into the inside of the sealing material. A single or a plurality of injection holes leading to the seal openings to permit the liquid crystal material to pass are formed on a side among the peripheral portion of the multiple panel. Vacuum injection method is carried out in a vacuum chamber, and the liquid crystal material is injected into the inside of the sealing material of the respective panels over the pixel regions and the peripheral driver circuit regions from the injection hole through the seal openings of the respective panels. Thereafter, the multiple panel is separated into individual panels.

Abstract: A PALC panel is filled with LC material by creating a partial vacuum in the LC space and a peripheral receiving space inward of an attachment bead which secures the lower substrate assembly to the upper substrate assembly and introducing sufficient LC material into the receiving space to fill the LC space. The receiving space is then sealed. The volume of the receiving space is substantially greater than the volume of the LC space.

Abstract: A method for injecting a liquid crystal material into a liquid crystal panel which is provided with a liquid crystal injection port and an evacuation port is provided. The method includes the steps of: evacuating the liquid crystal panel; and after the evacuation step, injecting the liquid crystal material into the liquid crystal panel through the liquid crystal injection port with the liquid crystal material being pressurized while evacuating the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: Liquid crystal displays are manufactured by securing overlying first and second substrates with an intermediate sealant together such that they form a cell cavity with an injection opening. In one embodiment, a plurality of over-sized spacers are disposed intermediate the first and second substrates in the cell cavity. The first and second substrates are structurally secured by heat compressing the layers together with a pressure in the range of about 0.4-0.55 kg/cm.sup.2. A quantity of liquid crystal material is injected into the cell cavity through the injection opening to expand the substrate layers to a non-planar configuration. A second sealant is applied proximate to the injection opening and a second compressing step is used to facilitate the proper positioning of the second sealant into injection opening. The second compressing step employs a pressure about 0.1-1.0 kg/cm.sup.2 greater than the pressure in the first compressing step.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for filling a display panel having first and second plates, with liquid crystal material, includes a nozzle for depositing a layer of liquid crystal material over a surface of a first plate of the panel, a scanning arm, coupled to the nozzle, for uniformly forming the layer of liquid crystal material over the surface of the first plate of the panel, and an attachment mechanism for placing the second plate over the first plate having the liquid crystal material thereover, thereby to form the display panel.

Abstract: Liquid crystal displays are manufactured by dropping liquid crystals on at least one of a pair of liquid crystal display substrates and then placing the pair of liquid crystal display substrates adjacent one another, with the liquid crystals therebetween. The pair of liquid crystal display substrates is pressed toward one another, to thereby discharge excess liquid crystals from between the liquid crystal display substrates. The pair of liquid crystal substrates is then sealed to retain the liquid crystals therebetween. Accordingly, by not requiring the use of injection of liquid crystals, high vacuum processing is not required. Moreover, the number of processing steps can be reduced compared to conventional liquid crystal display manufacturing methods.

Abstract: In a method of synchronizing navigation measurement data according to the invention, first radar data are evaluated by means of the reflectivity-offset method, by means of which the aircraft deviation in the antenna viewing direction is determined. The aircraft deviation in this direction is also determined from the outputs of a navigation system. The temporal courses of the two obtained deviations are cross-correlated. The position of the cross-correlation maximum is determined, and indicates the temporal offset between two associated deviation signals. The radar data are delayed by this amount of time, so synchronization is effected between navigation measurement data and radar data. An optimum compensation of the motion errors can be effected with the synchronized data. The invention can be used in on-board aircraft SAR systems.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element cell is obtained by setting two substrates to oppose each other at a predetermined gap and sealing a liquid crystal in the space formed between the substrates. An apparatus for sealing the liquid crystal display element cell includes seal rings, pressure plates, a pressure mechanism, and a compressed gas supply mechanism. The seal rings are formed to surround the display surface of the liquid crystal display element cell. Each seal ring has a Z-shaped section. Each pressure plate has a groove which fits with a corresponding seal ring therein, and a pressurized air injection port on the inner side of which is surrounded by the groove. Each pressure plate is placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal display element cell to be in contact with the seal rings. Pressure regions are formed in the spaces surrounded by the pressure plates, the liquid crystal display element cell, and the seal rings.

Abstract: A liquid crystal is dropped on one end portion of a bottom substrate that is coated with a sealing material in an outer peripheral portion. After a top substrate is laid on the bottom substrate, the liquid crystal is expanded from the one end portion of the bottom substrate toward the other end portion. If necessary, an air ejecting opening is formed in the sealing material at a position located in the other end portion of the bottom substrate. The surfaces of the top and bottom substrates may be formed with grooves for accommodating an excessive part of the liquid crystal at positions inside the sealing member. As a result, no air bubbles remain in the liquid crystal even if the charging of the liquid crystal is performed at the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: When a liquid crystal cell is filled with smectic liquid crystal, first, smectic liquid crystal having an isotropic phase is supplied into the liquid crystal cell under a first pressure. Then, smectic liquid crystal having a smectic phase is further supplied into the liquid crystal cell under a second pressure higher than the first pressure. Accordingly, even if smectic liquid crystal having the isotropic phase and held in the liquid crystal cell is changed into the smectic phase to cause volumetric shrinkage thereof, an amount of smectic liquid crystal reduced by the volumetric shrinkage can be compensated by supplying smectic liquid crystal into the liquid crystal cell under the second pressure. As a result, the liquid crystal cell can be securely prevented from having vacancies therein.

Abstract: A method for the loading and alignment of liquid crystal polymers in electro-optic and electro-active devices by in-situ polymerization between substrates of liquid crystal monomers. The molecular weight of the resulting liquid crystal polymer is controlled by the addition of a chain transfer reagent, for example, a thiol-containing compound which may be a liquid crystal material.

Abstract: A first electrode plate and a second electrode plate are overlapped on each other with a seal member and spacer walls interposed therebetween. The cell gap formed between both plates is filled with liquid crystal such as smectic liquid crystal. To eliminate orientation disturbance of the liquid crystal caused in the filling process, the liquid crystal flow coming from the down stream of the display area through passages outside the display area (turn-around flow) is eliminated. Dam walls for preventing the liquid crystal flow through the outer passages or structures for reducing the flow speed are formed in the outer passages. Alternatively, the filling passages in the display area are separated from the outer passages. Thus, the liquid crystal is correctly oriented in the display area, thereby achieving uniformity of images displayed.

Abstract: A method of producing a liquid crystal display unit, in which a flat substrate and a flexible film substrate are bonded to each other through a gap, and in which a liquid crystal is charged and sealed in a closed space of the gap enclosed by a frame-like sealing agent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display device comprising two substrates that can be taken out of large-sized substrate boards at an improved efficiency of utilization. After the two substrates are bonded together, it is not necessary to remove unwanted peripheral portions by scribing. Alignment marks are formed on the substrates to assist alignment of both substrates. Two holes are formed in a layer of a sealant material such that these holes are located in the top and bottom walls of the completed display. A liquid crystal material is injected through these holes when both substrates are bonded together.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a color filter which includes arranging an electroconductor and a transparent substrate carrying an electroconductive transparent thin layer in an electrodeposition bath so that the electroconductor and the substrate are disposed in spaced and parallel relationship and that a baffle is disposed between the thus arranged electroconductor and the substrate, and carrying out electrodeposition in the electrodeposition bath by using the electroconductive transparent thin layer as one electrode and the electroconductor as a counter electrode permits the production of a desired color filter having superior layer flatness, even when the substrate enlarged in the size is used.

Abstract: A circuit plate, suitable for constituting an optical modulation device, such as a liquid crystal device, includes a light-transmissive substrate, and a plurality of principal electrodes and sub-electrodes supported on the light-transmissive substrate. Each sub-electrode is disposed between an associated principal electrode and the light-transmissive substrate so as to be electrically connected with the associated principal electrode. The plurality of sub-electrodes are disposed in a region in the light-transmissive substrate with gaps therebetween which are filled with an insulating layer, the sub-electrodes and the insulating layer in combination forming a surface on which the principal electrodes are formed. Further, a plurality of projection pieces are disposed in a region on the light-transmissive substrate outside the region of the sub-electrodes so as to be free from connection with the principal electrodes and the sub-electrodes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which two transparent insulation substrates are adhered to each other and a liquid crystal is injected into an injection area defined by a seal pattern comprising sealing material. The method comprises the steps of: starting application of the sealing material to either one of the two substrates from a position different from a cutting position of the substrate to form a liquid crystal injection hole and a liquid crystal injection area, and ending the application at a position different from the cutting position to form the seal pattern; oppositely placing the two substrates, and pressing and adhering the two substrates with the sealing material; and cutting the adhered two substrates at a predetermined position and injecting the liquid crystal from the injection hole.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell filled with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer 15 comprising liquid crystal droplets 15.sub.1 dispersed in a polymer 15.sub.2 between a first glass base plate 11 with a first transparent electrode 12 and a second glass base plate 13 with a second transparent electrode 14, is placed between crossed Nicols formed by a first polarizer 16 and a second polarizer 17, with a backlight 18 situated on the outer side thereof, the diameter of the liquid crystal droplets 15.sub.1 is between 3 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal droplets 15.sub.1 are twisted to between 30.degree. and 180.degree.. The liquid crystals used have a dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon. which is negative when the frequency of the electric field is high and positive when the frequency is low, and by adjusting the dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon. via the frequency of the electric field it is possible to form liquid crystal droplets of a desired diameter.

Abstract: A twisted nematic liquid crystal display which have a pixel divided into at least one is fabricated by using a UV light irradiated photo-polymer layer provided on a substrate, which includes a polysiloxane based material or polyvinylfluorocinnamate. The alignment direction and pretilt angle direction are adjusted by anchoring energy and flowing effect of liquid crystal material between substrates.

Abstract: A mixed material of liquid crystals and resin is dropped on at least one substrate in an amount greater than the amount needed to cover a display area for the LCD panel. The substrate is adhered to another substrate, and excess material is removed to the outside of a display area. The phase-separation of the liquid crystals and resin is carried out by irradiating light while pressure is added to at least one substrate, so that a liquid crystal display panel applied to a liquid crystal display device or a light shutter can be manufactured without applying a complex vacuum device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is produced through the steps of: a) disposing a pair of substrates opposite to each other so as to form a cell between the substrates while leaving a first aperture and a second aperture for communication with an exterior and forming an effective optical modulation region between the first and second apertures, b) heating a liquid crystal material for filling the cell, and c) filling the cell with the liquid crystal material by injecting the liquid crystal material through the first aperture under a pressure difference held between the first and second apertures and, after a prescribed period, allowing the liquid crystal material to be discharged out of the second aperture. In the step c), the first aperture, the second aperture and the effective optical modulation region of the cell may preferably receive external pressures P1, P2 and P3, respectively, satisfying P1>P2 and -1 kg.f/cm.sup.2 .ltoreq.P1-P3.ltoreq.0.5 kg.f/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A connector device is connected to a liquid crystal cell having an edge portion formed as a stepped portion. This connector device includes a connector unit. The connector unit includes a body, and an elastic seal member received in a receiving recess of the body. The seal member has a projection. This projection is formed as a stepped portion corresponding in configuration to the stepped portion of the edge portion of the cell. That is, the projection of the seal member includes a first abutment surface which intimately contacts a first receiving surface of the cell, a second abutment surface which intimately contacts a second receiving surface of the cell, and a third abutment surface which intimately contacts a third receiving surface of the cell. The first and second abutment surfaces are in parallel relation to each other, and the third abutment surface is orthogonal to the first and second abutment surfaces. An association recess is formed in the third abutment surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a liquid crystal layer between a pair of oppositely disposed substrates each provide with an electrode in the form of stripes. The liquid crystal layer comprises a liquid crystal disposed in a region which is enclosed by the pair of substrates and a sealing agent disposed so as to form a peripheral wall having an injection port. The liquid crystal device has an effective optical modulation region and a peripheral region, including the injection port other than the optical modulation region. On at least one substrate, at least one elongated projection having a height smaller than a thickness of the liquid crystal layer is formed in the peripheral region including the injection port and in a direction parallel to the stripe electrode on the same substrate and perpendicular to a liquid crystal injection direction.

Abstract: One end of a vacuum evacuation passage is connected to a suction port of a cell and one end of a liquid crystal supply passage is connected to an introduction port of the cell. In that state, an internal space of the cell is evacuated through the vacuum evacuation passage and the suction port. Thereafter, a pressurized liquid crystal is supplied to the internal space of the cell through the liquid crystal supply passage and the introduction port while evacuating the internal space of the cell. After the completion of a liquid crystal filling operation to the internal space of the cell, the supply of the pressurized liquid crystal is stopped and the level of the negative pressure in the vacuum evacuation passage is gradually eased to the level of the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A method for filling a liquid crystal (LC) cell with liquid crystal comprises the step of placing the LC cell having a LC cavity therein and LC inlet openings in its top and bottom edges, in a vacuum chamber which encloses upper and lower LC supply members each having a LC-impregnated yarn exposed through a slot therein. The method includes the steps of evacuating the vacuum chamber, moving the LC supply members to bring the yarns into contact with the top and bottom inlet openings of the cell, and returning the chamber to an atmospheric pressure to thereby cause liquid crystal to be sucked into the LC cavity through the inlet openings. Apparatus for filling a LC cell with liquid crystal is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by (a) a pair of base plates each having an orientation control film thereon, and (b) a liquid crystal composition interposed between the base plates. The liquid crystal composition comprises a mixture including at least one liquid crystal compound which has a temperature range in which it shows chiral smectic phase and at least one optically active substance which does not have a temperature range in which it shows chiral smectic phase. The liquid crystal composition has a temperature range in which it shows cholesteric phase and is placed in chiral smectic phase which has been formed through cholesteric phase on temperature decrease. The liquid crystal composition comprises liquid crystal molecules having long axes forming a pre-tilt in the chiral smectic phase.

Abstract: A large-sized liquid crystal panel uniformly filled with a liquid crystal material may be produced through a process including the steps of: fixing a pair of substrates with a sealing member disposed therebetween to form a blank panel having an injection port, reducing a pressure within the panel, applying a liquid crystal material onto the injection port, heating the liquid crystal material to its isotropic temperature, injecting the liquid crystal material into the panel under a pressure, and filling the panel with the liquid crystal material under heating and pressurization from the injection port toward the panel inside. The pressure within the panel before the injection is reduced at a rate not exceeding 25 torr/min. The pressure for injection is increased at varying rates, e.g., with an intermediate constant pressure period.

Abstract: A thin-film liquid crystal display panel and a manufacturing method thereof in which an upper protection layer and a cell gap are formed by using a thin-film manufacturing technique usually used in the manufacture of semiconductors. The thickness of the cell gap is easily controlled, and the liquid crystal layer is uniformly formed. Therefore, a liquid crystal display panel with excellent liquid crystal driving capability is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates and a display medium sandwiched between the electrode substrates and including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall. In this liquid crystal display device, the polymeric wall is tightly attached to both the electrode substrates. Furthermore, the invention also provides a method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a display medium including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall and sandwiched between the electrode substrates.

Abstract: A pair of transparent substrates are arranged to oppose each other and bonded to each other through a seal member. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and spacers are provided between the pair of transparent substrates. A plurality of pixel electrodes respectively provided with TFTs are disposed in a matrix form on the counter surface of one substrate opposing the other substrate, and the spacers for regulating the gap between the substrates are fixed, through resin films, to remaining regions of the counter surface of one substrate obtained by excluding pixel regions corresponding to the pixel electrodes from the region inside the seal member. A black mask is formed on the remaining regions of the counter surface of the other transparent substrate, and a flat counter electrode opposing the plurality of pixel electrodes is formed on the black mask.