Abstract: The liquid crystal display device according to this invention includes a control structure provided at each of or one of a liquid crystal side of a first substrate and a liquid crystal side of a second substrate to control a tilt direction of a liquid crystal upon application of a voltage to a liquid crystal layer, a first domain where a liquid crystal tilts in one direction upon application of a voltage to a liquid crystal layer, and a second domain where a liquid crystal tilts in a direction different from the tilt direction of the liquid crystal in the first domain by substantially 180°. Herein, an angle formed by the tilt direction of the liquid crystal in the first domain and a horizontal direction of a screen in the liquid crystal display device falls within a range between 22° and 39° or a range between 51° and 68°.

Abstract: A display method suitable for an image provided by a digital data file and/or a display method of a display device in which the image quality and power consumption are adjusted in accordance with the state of the display device or at user's request to display an image. The image is displayed on the display device in which a plurality of pixels having a pixel electrode connected to a switching element whose off-state current is reduced, using the image provided by the digital data file and data which is provided by the digital data file and is correlated to an operation of the display device.

Abstract: A recording device that includes an obtainment unit that obtains image information representing an image; and a voltage application unit that applies a voltage with a frequency according to the image information obtained by the obtainment unit, to a pair of electrodes equipped with a display medium, the display medium having a multi-layered liquid-crystal phase provided between the pair of electrodes, the multi-layered liquid-crystal phase having a first layer capable of assuming a specific alignment when the applied voltage is greater than or equal to a pre-set first voltage threshold, and a second layer capable of assuming a specific alignment when the applied voltage is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold. An application of a voltage to the pair of electrodes effecting a first voltage component and a second voltage component applied to the first layer and the second layer, respectively.

Abstract: A recording device includes a first voltage application unit that applies a first voltage to a display layer; a second voltage application unit that applies a second voltage; a first irradiation unit that irradiates to the display layer first light synchronized with the application of the second voltage; a second irradiation unit that irradiates to the display layer a second light after the application of the second voltage is terminated, the second light having a third intensity if the second light is irradiated at an area corresponding to the first tone in the second liquid crystal layer, the second light not being irradiated if the second light is irradiated at an area corresponding to the second tone in the second liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: Subject The subject is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or that is suitably balanced regarding two or more characteristics. The subject is to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device driven by a linear coupling, such as ferroelectric and/or flexoelectric coupling, between an inhomogenous in-plane electric field generated by an electrode pattern over a first sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent to said electrode pattern and liquid crystals in a polarized state comprised in said first sub-volume and/or in an optional alignment layer applied on said electrode pattern said polarization being stronger than any possible similar liquid crystal polarization of the bulk layer outside said first sub-volume, said alignment layer, and/or a second sub-volume of the bulk layer adjacent the inner surface of the other substrate, or an optional second alignment layer or an optional electrode pattern applied thereon.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a scanning line, a data line which intersects the scanning line, a pixel electrode which is provided at pixel, and a thin film transistor which has a semiconductor layer having a source area electrically connected to the data line and a drain area electrically connected to the pixel electrode, a relay wiring which is laminated between the semiconductor layer and the pixel electrode and connects the drain area to the pixel electrode, a first shield layer which is laminated between the data line and the relay wiring and is held with predetermined potential, and a second shield layer which is laminated between the pixel electrode and the relay wiring and is held with predetermined potential.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a plurality of storage capacitors each in a corresponding pixel. Each storage capacitor includes a first capacitor electrode and a second capacitor electrode with a dielectric film therebetween. The first capacitor electrode is made of the same film as one of the semiconductor films in pixel transistors. The second capacitor electrode is provided at a layer over the gate electrode of the pixel transistors. The second capacitor electrode has a first main portion opposite to the first capacitor electrode and an extending portion that extends from the first main portion to at least partially cover the second junction region. An interlayer insulation film insulates the extending portion from the pixel transistor.

Abstract: An electro-optical device that includes a transistor and an insulating film over the semiconductor layer of the transistor. The insulating film has an opening portion that overlaps the channel region. The gate electrode of the transistor includes a body portion arranged in the opening portion of the insulating film and an elongated portion that extends onto the insulating film so as to cover the second junction portion of the transistor. The second junction region is located in an intersection region of a non-aperture region of the display pixel.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a semiconductor layer, a first insulating film, a second insulating film, and a gate electrode. The first insulating film is formed in an island shape so as to cover a first junction region of the semiconductor layer. The second insulating film is formed in an island shape so as to cover a second junction region of the semiconductor layer. The gate electrode faces the channel region through a gate insulating film and extends onto the first and second insulating films.

Abstract: A dual-display liquid crystal display device concurrently displays two images so that the two images can be identified from two different viewing directions by including sub-pixel areas each having therein a first storage capacitor section extending along a scanning line and a second storage capacitor section extending along a signal line, and further, makes the characteristics of brightness relative to a viewing angle associated with the two different viewing directions be line-symmetric with each other. The dual-display liquid crystal display device realizes an increased aperture by locating each storage capacitor section within a light-shielding area and by having rectangular display regions.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device comprises a substrate including a display region, and a pad region in a periphery of the display region, the display region including a pixel region; a gate pad, a data pad and a power pad in the pad region, the gate pad, the data pad and the power pad electrically connected to a gate line, a data line and a power line, respectively; a first electrode in the pixel region, the first electrode connected to the driving thin film transistor; an organic electroluminescent layer on the first electrode; a second electrode over an entire surface of the substrate including the organic electroluminescent layer; a dummy pad in the pad region, the dummy pad electrically connected to at least one of the power line and the second electrode; and a ground pad in the pad region, the ground pad electrically connected to the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device to be operated at high speed and with high precision by improving performance of a thin-film transistor without increasing cross capacity of gate lines and data lines. On an upper layer of a gate insulator GI at an intersection of gate lines GL and data lines DL to be prepared on an active matrix substrate SUB1, which makes up a liquid crystal display panel of a liquid crystal display device, an insulating material with low dielectric constant is dropped by ink jet coating method to prepare another insulator LDP in order to improve performance characteristics of the thin-film transistor to be prepared on a silicon semiconductor layer SI without increasing cross capacity on said intersection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device having a signal line of low electrical resistivity and high adhesion with an underlayer, wherein a copper alloy film is formed on an underlayer, and an oxide film, silicide film or nitride film, which are additive metal elements of the copper alloy, is formed at the boundary between the underlayer and the copper alloy film whereby the signal line is formed with a multi-layer film of the copper alloy film and the oxide film, the silicide film, or the nitride film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal glare-proof mirror is capable of displaying a picture in which a non-glare-proof mode and a glare-proof mode is switched, including a first polarizing plate for selecting a polarization component to be transmitted; a liquid crystal cell disposed at a back of the first polarizing plate, the liquid crystal cell having two control areas, each of which is controlled independently; a second polarizing plate disposed at a back of the liquid crystal cell, the second polarizing plate transmitting either one of two orthogonal polarization components of light and reflecting the other one of the polarization components; and an image generating apparatus disposed at a part of a back of the second polarizing plate, the part corresponding to either one of the two control areas, the image generating apparatus ejecting picture light having a polarization component which is transmitted through the second polarizing plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with uniform feed-through voltage includes a plurality of data lines for receiving a plurality of data signals respectively, a plurality of gate lines for receiving a plurality of gate signals respectively, a plurality of common lines for receiving a common voltage, a plurality of storage units, a plurality of first switches, and a plurality of second switches. Each storage unit includes a first liquid crystal capacitor and a second liquid crystal capacitor coupled to a corresponding common line. Each first switch is coupled to a corresponding data line, a corresponding gate line, and a corresponding first liquid crystal capacitor. Each second switch is coupled to a corresponding gate line, a corresponding first switch, and a corresponding second liquid crystal capacitor. The capacitance of the gate-source capacitor of each first switch is greater than the capacitance of the gate-source capacitor of each second switch.

Abstract: A goggle includes a lens assembly which comprises a front lens, a rear lens spaced apart from the front lens, and a liquid crystal device disposed on one of the lenses. The goggle includes a frame, which defines an aperture and a peripheral channel. The peripheral channel receives the front lens and the rear lens is positioned rearward of the channel so that the aperture receives the lens assembly. A power unit includes a battery and a drive circuit, wherein the drive circuit is connected to a pair of prongs that are electrically connectable to the liquid crystal device for operation thereof. The power unit provides a master switch connected to the battery to control application of power to the drive circuit, and a state change switch to control application of power from the drive circuit, through the prongs, to the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: An electro-optical device substrate includes a substrate, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of scanning lines, pixel electrodes, and transistors. The plurality of data lines and the plurality of scanning lines intersect with each other in a display area formed on the substrate. The pixel electrodes are provided at positions corresponding to intersections of the plurality of data lines and the plurality of scanning lines. Each of the transistors includes a semiconductor layer and a gate electrode. The semiconductor layer has a channel region, a data line side source/drain region, a pixel electrode side source/drain region, a first junction region, and a second junction region. The channel region has a channel length along a first direction in the display area. The data line side source/drain region is electrically connected to a corresponding data line. The pixel electrode side source/drain region is electrically connected to a corresponding pixel electrode.

Abstract: A light path shift device is disclosed that is able to divide an effective region of a light path and drive the divided regions independently. The light path shift device includes a liquid crystal layer held between at least two opposite transparent substrates, the liquid crystal layer being homeotropically aligned and being able to form a chiral smectic C phase; and plural electrodes for applying an electric field in the liquid crystal layer in a horizontal direction. An effective region of the liquid crystal layer through which a light path passes is divided into plural sub-regions, plural light path shift elements with the electrodes formed thereon are stacked only at positions corresponding to the sub-regions, and are arranged so that boundary lines of the sub-regions are in agreement when being viewed along the direction of light propagation.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) is formed on an insulating substrate, and a photosensitive resin film as an interlayer insulating film is formed so as to cover the TFT. Contact holes are formed in the photosensitive resin, and smooth concave and convex portions are provided on an upper surface of the resin. A film including molybdenum nitride (MoN) and a reflective pixel electrode film are successively laminated on the photosensitive resin. The nitrogen content in the MoN film may be between 5 atomic % and 30 atomic % inclusive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of molecular diagnostics, and in particular to diagnostics based on a liquid crystal assay format. In particular, the present invention provided improved substrates and methods of using liquid crystal assays for quantitating the amount of an analyte in a sample. The present invention also provides materials and methods for detecting non-specific binding of an analyte to a substrate by using a liquid crystal assay format.

Abstract: A control circuit of panel brightness is disclosed. After a user adjusts a brightness volume control, the brightness volume control will output an adjusting signal. The control circuit of this invention includes a pre-stage circuit, a first brightness control circuit, and a second brightness control circuit. The pre-stage circuit is fro receiving a darkness-adjusting signal, a brightness-adjusting signal, and an enable signal. A first brightness value outputted from the first brightness control circuit can be the first brightness value of the previous time point plus or minus a interval. A second brightness value outputted from the second brightness control circuit can be the second brightness value of the previous time point plus or minus a interval. The first brightness value and the second brightness value are for adjusting panel brightness. The circuit of this invention is simple, easy to design, and less cost.

Abstract: The method for determining local structures in optical materials, especially crystals, includes observing schlieren visually in a material to be tested with divergent white light in a first step; measuring birefringence of polarized laser light in the material to determine local defects and structure faults in the material with a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm or better in a second step if the material is judged to be suitable in the first step and then interferometrically measuring the material to determine the faults in the material by interferometry in a third step if the material is judged to be suitable in the first and second steps. This method can be part of a method for making optical components, especially for microlithography.

Abstract: This invention provides method and apparatus for performing chemical and biochemical reactions in solution using in situ generated photo-products as reagent or co-reagent. Specifically, the method and apparatus of the present invention have applications in parallel synthesis of molecular sequence arrays on solid surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inkjet recording apparatus and a method of detecting a remaining amount of ink capable of detecting an amount of ink remaining in an ink tank without the need of a special mechanism and part in an inkjet recording apparatus for recording an image by mounting the ink tank and a recording head on a carriage and scanning the carriage. The position where the carriage stops is detected by an encoder by moving the carriage by driving a motor and stopping the drive of the motor after the carriage constantly moves at a predetermined speed. The amount of ink remaining in the ink tank mounted on the carriage is determined based on the moving distance of the carriage from the time the drive of the motor is stopped to the time the carriage moved by inertia stops.

Abstract: A display substrate (1) comprising a plate, for example a glass plate (2), on which display elements, e.g. pixels (4-8) comprising pixel electrodes (72) and thin-film-transistors (69), and an acoustic transducer (10), e.g. a microphone, speaker or buzzer, formed from thin film layers over a cavity (28), are formed. The cavity (28) may be provided by powderblasting through the depth of the glass plate (2). The display substrate (1) with integrated acoustic transducer (10) may be incorporated in a display device, e.g. a liquid crystal display device (11). Also described is a discrete acoustic transducer, comprising a plate of an insulating material (102), a cavity (120) in the plate (102), a plurality of layers that have been deposited on the plate, and a moveable member (122) formed from the deposited layers and positioned over the cavity (120).

Abstract: An electro-optical device comprising, a first board and a second board superposed on each other; a seal 6 for bonding the first board and the second board at the periphery of a display area; a plurality of connection terminals 71 provided on an overhang of the first board which extends from the second board; and a plurality of connection wires 70 provided on the first board and interconnecting the display area and the plurality of connection terminals 71. The distance between adjacent connection wires 119b is set to be smaller inside the seal 6 than outside the seal 6. This prevents the occurrence of corrosion in the connection wires 70 lying outside the seal 6, and shortens the distance between adjacent connection wires 70 lying inside the seal 6, thereby reducing the overall size of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: An LCD-pixel-matrix element is disclosed, along with a display screen capable of graphics having a plurality of such LCD-pixel-matrix elements, and a procedure for brightness control of such an LCD-pixel matrix element for such a display screen.

Abstract: There is provided an active matrix type liquid crystal display, which hardly generates display unevenness incident to electrode dimensional fluctuation caused by variations resulting from the electrode formation process, and which is excellent in mass producibility and in high image quality. An active matrix type liquid crystal display using the horizontal electric field system, wherein dimensional fluctuation in the active elements and the stored capacity formation portion, and finish dimensional fluctuation in the electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer occur simultaneously, and variations in effective driving voltage caused by fluctuation in the active element dimension act in a direction to compensate for variations in the optical quality caused by dimensional fluctuation of the electrode for applying the electric field.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarizing interferometer multiplex spectrometer using a zero-order switch, a multi-order switch and an output polarizer to multiplex the recovery of an entire input spectrum. The zero-order switch and multi-order switch require input light of a fixed polarization; thus the present invention provides a preferred embodiment that uses a zero-order switch and a multi-order switch positioned between an input polarizer and an output polarizer. For a sequence of time delays incremented by the multi-order and zero-order switches, the total transmitted power at all wavelengths is measured. From these, the coefficients of a Fourier series representation of the input spectrum are obtained, and the entire spectrum is mathematically reconstructed. Although the structure is similar to a tunable interference filter, the PIMS does not function as a filter, and more particularly, does not scan the transmission wavelength and measure power as a function of wavelength.

Abstract: This invention provides split-element liquid crystal polarization interference filters in wide-field, bandpass, cut-on, cut-off and notch filter embodiments. The split-element filters of this invention comprise a polarization interference stage defined by a pair of polarizers. Disposed within the stage are a center retarder, and first and a second split-element retarder, the split-element retarders having equal retardances and positioned in series with and on either side of the center retarder. The retarders can be liquid crystal variable retarders or can be fixed retarders used in combination with liquid crystal retarders. Double split-element filters in passive and tunable embodiments are provided comprising, within a polarization interference stage, a center retarder, an inside pair of split-element retarders and an outside pair of split-element retarders.

Abstract: A composition for a polyimide type liquid crystal aligning film characterized in that a diamino compound constituting polyimide contains one, two or more diamine selected from 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane and 4,4'-ethylene di-meta-toluidine.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus, having a designated drive composed of a group of electrodes forming pixels in a n.times.m matrix and active devices, in which the electrodes have a structure such that an electric field parallel to the interface can be applied to the liquid crystal composite layer, and the cell-gap between substrates facing each other is 6 .mu.m or less and the response time is less than or equal to 100 ms, and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

Abstract: A method and a safety device for the protection of a user's eye, or other radiation sensitive system, from a pulsed radiation emitted by a radiation source by means of an electro-optical shutter used in conjunction with the radiation source. The electro-optical sutter defines the field of view of the user or of the system and is capable of being switched by an electrical voltage signal from a transparent state to an opaque state within a response time .DELTA.t.sub.r. The method comprises applying to the electro-optical shutter the electrical voltage signal at an operational time interval .DELTA.t.sub.o, prior to the emission of each radiation pulse and keeping the electro-optical shutter in its opaque state until the radiation pulse is emitted. The operational time interval .DELTA.t.sub.o is at least slightly longer than the response time .DELTA.t.sub.r so that, by the time of emission of each radiation pulse, the electro-optical shutter is in its opaque state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element has: a pair of substrates facing each other; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; a unit for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the electric field being substantially parallel to surfaces of the pair of substrates; and an alignment structure that an interface of one of the pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer is not subjected to a positive alignment process and an interface of the other of the pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer is subjected to the positive alignment process, wherein the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is changed between directions both parallel to the surfaces of the pair of substrates.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixel elements, the optical transmissivity of which is varied by suitable electrical signals. The liquid crystal display device has electrodes which apply electric fields to a liquid crystal layer, the electric fields having components in a direction generally parallel to the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel element has at least one pixel electrode which extends in a common direction as signal electrodes and common electrodes which extend over several pixel elements. The common electrodes may be on the same side of the liquid crystal layer as the pixel and signal electrodes, or they may be on opposite sides. Each pixel may have two pixel electrodes with the signal electrode therebetween and there are then a pair of common electrodes with the pixel electrodes therebetween. The common electrodes may be common to adjacent pixel elements. The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes may be separated by an insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of low power consumption is disclosed, which is suitable for use with a portable data processing apparatus, in particular.

Abstract: When two substrates for a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display panel are joined with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer therebetween, a substrate supporting stage of a substrate joining machine is controlled to keep the uniformity in the screen of a space between the two substrates at a visually satisfactorily uniform level, thereby enabling to produce a liquid crystal display device provided with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer having high uniformity in the screen. The above stage is preferably a transparent plate such as a quartz substrate. The transparent plate is used to uniformly and effectively irradiate the liquid crystal layer with ultraviolet rays to cure the liquid crystal layer by photo-setting.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device having electrodes which form picture elements matrix and generate an electric field substantially parallel to a substrate is composed of so as to have a brightness recovering time of no greater than five minutes, wherein the brightness recovering time is the time until the brightness of displayed portion that has been displayed for 30 minutes and is turned off returns to the background brightness.

Abstract: An optical pickup head apparatus comprising: a light source; an imaging optics for receiving a linearly polarized light beam emitted from the light source, and converges it on a small spot on an information medium; photodetector units for receiving the light beam being reflected and diffracted at the information medium and output electric signals corresponding to received light quantities; a liquid crystal hologram consisting of a pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween through a pair of transparent electrodes, either of the transparent electrodes being formed with a hologram pattern; and a Faraday rotator for rotating a polarized direction of light beam by 45 degrees in a light path leading from the light source to the information medium and, further, rotates the polarized direction of the light beam by 45 degrees in its opposite light path.

Abstract: A programmable liquid crystal optical wavefront device selectively exhibits characteristics either as a lens or as a beam deflector; the device includes a liquid crystal (LC) control apparatus that is disposed in an LC cell to selectively deflect light beams passing through the LC cell. The LC control apparatus includes a bias electrode network and a bias control circuit electrically coupled to the bias electrode network to provide the appropriate bias voltages across the bias electrodes to determine the operation of the device in the lens mode and in the beam deflector mode. The bias control circuit includes a lens bias resistor circuit, a beam deflector bias resistor circuit, each of which comprise a plurality of respective resistor stages, and a lens/beam deflector switch circuit that selectively couples the resistor circuits to the bias electrode network to cause the device to operate in the lens mode or in the beam deflector mode.

Abstract: In a video communication system including a sending terminal and a receiving terminal connected via a packet switching network, a receiving terminal which has detected loss of a video packet sets a video output into a freeze status and transmits a refresh request command to the sending terminal. Upon receiving the refresh request command, the sending terminal requests a video coder unit to execute refreshing and transmits a series of video packets beginning from an INTRA frame. Upon receiving a packet of the INTRA frame, the receiving terminal releases the freeze status and restarts video information decoding.

Abstract: There is disclosed a color facsimile apparatus capable of communication of a color image, utilizing plural colorants in the printing unit, wherein, when one of the colorants runs out in the printing unit, such colorant is replaced by another colorant and the image printout is conducted with a varied resolution, for example with a reduced image size, in order that the operator can immediately recognize the absence of the colorant.