Abstract: A display module preparation method, a display module, and an electronic device are provided. The display module preparation method includes: preparing a first substrate; preparing a second substrate; bonding the first substrate and the second substrate; removing a partial structure of one side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, so that a surface of one side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is a plane; and removing a partial structure of one side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, so that a surface of one side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is a plane.

Abstract: Provided are an optical filter, an optical device, and a head-mounted display which have a high light transmittance in a front direction and a wide real field of view. The optical filter includes a first anisotropic absorption layer, a first retardation layer, and a second anisotropic absorption layer in this order, each of the first anisotropic absorption layer and the second anisotropic absorption layer contains a dichroic colorant, an absorption axis of the dichroic colorant is perpendicular to a main surface, and the first retardation layer has polar angle dependence of retardation that has asymmetry about a normal direction with respect to incident light hitting at least one incident surface including a normal of a layer surface of the first retardation layer.

Abstract: A display module and a method for manufacturing thereof are provided. The display module includes a substrate including a pad, a conduction film which is bonded to the substrate including the pad, wherein at least one of a surface of the conduction film and an inner portion of the conduction film is black color treated, and a display device mounted on the pad to which the conduction film is bonded.

Abstract: The display device includes a liquid crystal panel having pixels, and an imaging device arranged on a backside of the liquid crystal display panel, wherein in an imaging area of the liquid crystal display panel overlapping the imaging device, the pixels are controlled so that black display pixels and white display pixels are alternately lined up in a row direction according to an operation of the imaging device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a substrate; a thin film transistor in a pixel region over the substrate; a common electrode over the thin film transistor; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor; and a liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystal capsules over the common electrode and the pixel electrode, wherein each of the plurality of liquid crystal capsules includes a shell and a core having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules therein, and wherein a gap distance between the liquid crystal molecules in adjacent liquid crystal capsules is equal to or greater than 20 nm and equal to or smaller than 0.3 times of a capsule diameter of the adjacent liquid crystal capsules.

Abstract: A microlithographic illumination unit for post-exposure of a photoresist provided on a wafer in a microlithography process, has at least one light source and a light-guiding and light-mixing element for coupling the electromagnetic radiation generated by the light source into the photoresist. This light-guiding and light-mixing element has a first pair of mutually opposite side faces, the maximum spacing of which has a first value. Multiple reflections of the electromagnetic radiation on these side faces take place, wherein the light-guiding and light-mixing element has a second pair of mutually opposite side faces, the maximum spacing of which has a second value. The maximum extent of the light-guiding and light-mixing element in the light propagation direction of the electromagnetic radiation has a third value. This third value is greater than the first value and is smaller than the second value.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for detecting a porous object are provided. The system includes a light emitting module, a detecting module and an analyzing module. The light emitting module emits light onto an object to be measured such that the light passes through a plurality of holes of the object. The detecting module has a porous plate having a plurality of non-circular holes and a plurality of photosensitive units respectively corresponding to the non-circular holes. Each of the non-circular holes corresponds to at most one of the holes at one time point. The light passes through the plurality of non-circular holes corresponding to the plurality of holes. The photosensitive units respectively sense luminous flux of the light passing through the plurality of non-circular holes to produce a luminous flux signal. The analyzing module analyzes a status of the plurality of holes corresponding to the plurality of non-circular holes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a touch substrate and a touch liquid crystal display panel. The touch substrate has an active display region. The touch substrate includes: a base substrate; a plurality of touch electrodes formed on the base substrate and positioned in the active display region; and a conductive layer formed on the base substrate and positioned in the active display region, wherein the conductive layer is configured to generate heat in a state of being applied with a voltage, wherein the conductive layer is electrically insulated from any of the touch electrodes, and in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the conductive layer is not overlapped with any of the touch electrodes.

Abstract: A dynamic driving method of tri-stable cholesteric liquid crystals is described, and used to switch a planar arrangement stable state, a focal-conic arrangement stable state, and an uniform lying helix arrangement stable state of a cholesteric liquid crystal material by a two-stage selecting step. A switching time among the three stable states driven by a passive matrix method is effectively reduced.

Abstract: A technique which, in forming a resist pattern on a wafer, can achieve high resolution and high in-plane uniformity of pattern line width. After forming a resist film on a wafer W and subsequently performing pattern exposure by means of a pattern exposure apparatus, the entire pattern exposure area is exposed by using a flood exposure apparatus. During the flood exposure, the exposure amount is adjusted depending on the exposure position on the wafer based on information on the in-plane distribution of the line width of a resist pattern, previously obtained from an inspection apparatus. Methods for adjusting the exposure amount include a method which adjusts the exposure amount while moving a strip-shaped irradiation area corresponding to the diameter of the wafer, a method which involves intermittently moving an irradiation area, corresponding to a shot area in the preceding pattern exposure, to adjust the exposure amount for each chip.

Abstract: Eyewear is provided including a frame, and a camera connected with the frame, in which the camera is configured to be controlled by a remote controller. The camera may be configured to capture video and/or a photo. The eyewear may include data storage, and the camera may be connected to the data storage. A wrist watch may be configured to act both as a time piece and a controller of the camera. The eyewear may also include a heads up display and/or a video file player. The eyewear may also include an electro-active lens.

Abstract: To provide an optical element capable of stably securing an intermediate mode between two operations modes. The optical element of the present invention includes: a first transparent substrate; a second transparent substrate provided by opposing to the first transparent substrate; a plurality of first conductive patterns and second conductive patterns disposed in parallel to each other on a face of the first transparent substrate opposing to the second transparent substrate; light transmission regions disposed between the first conductive patterns and the second conductive patterns; a transparent conductive film disposed on a face of the second transparent substrate opposing to the first transparent substrate; and an electrophoretic element disposed between the neighboring light transmission regions, which is constituted with light-shielding electrophoretic particles of a specific electric charge and a transmissive dispersion material.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for coherent diffractive imaging with arbitrary angle of illumination incidence utilize a method of fast remapping of a detected diffraction intensity pattern from a detector pixel array (initial grid) to a uniform spatial frequency grid (final grid) chosen to allow for FFT on the remapped pattern. This is accomplished by remapping the initial grid to an intermediate grid chosen to result in a final grid that is linear in spatial frequency. The initial grid is remapped (generally by interpolation) to the intermediate grid that is calculated to correspond to the final grid. In general, the initial grid (x,y) is uniform in space, the intermediate grid ({tilde over (x)},{tilde over (y)}) is non-uniform in spatial frequency, and the final grid ({tilde over (f)}x,{tilde over (f)}y) is uniform in spatial frequency.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device has a layered structure with split liquid crystal layers having alignment surfaces that define in a liquid crystal material pre-tilt angles of opposite signs. Four liquid crystal layers can provide two directions of linear polarization. In the case of a lens, the device can be a gradient index lens, and the alignment surfaces can have a spatially uniform pre-tilt.

Abstract: When a write operation to change the pixel into one of the first gray level and the second gray level is stopped before completion of the write operation, and when a write section executes a write operation to change the pixel into another of the first gray level and the second gray level, the write section executes the write operation by voltage application to change the pixel into the other gray level the same number of times of voltage application as the number of times of voltage application in the write operation that has been stopped.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exposure device (14) for the structured exposure of a wafer, having at least one exposure arrangement with which a beam that is separated into two sub-beams is modulated via two micromirror arrays in order to increase the throughput speed during the exposure of wafers.

Abstract: The invention provides a process capable of fabricating a cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram with efficiency yet without recourse to complicated steps such as an alignment step. This is achievable as follows. A volume hologram layer is formed on a substrate, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is then formed on another substrate. The volume hologram layer and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer are laminated together via a bonding layer. Further, a bonding for lamination onto an application member is formed on either the volume hologram layer side or the cholesteric liquid crystal layer side to obtain a cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are described that modulate a specimen-background dark-field micrograph contrast.

Abstract: An optical shutter (10) includes a wavelength selective polarizing filter (12) in optical association with a liquid crystal polarization modulator (14) to rapidly switch between optical states to alternately transmit visible radiation and near infrared radiation. The wavelength selective polarizing filter is constructed to impart a polarization state to incident radiation and transmit polarized radiation within at least the visible wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The liquid crystal polarization modulator is positioned to receive incident radiation for internal propagation through the liquid crystal polarization modulator and is responsive to a first value and a second value of an applied control signal (32) to switch the internally propagating radiation to, respectively, a first polarization state and a second polarization state.

Abstract: An optical shutter employed in an enhanced vision system includes a wavelength selective polarizing filter in optical association with a liquid crystal polarization modulator to rapidly switch between optical states to alternately transmit visible (VIS) radiation and near infrared (NIR) radiation. The wavelength selective polarizing filter imparts a polarization state to incident radiation and transmits polarized radiation within at least the visible wavelength region. The liquid crystal polarization modulator receives incident radiation for internal propagation through the modulator and responds to first and second values of an applied control signal to switch the internally propagating radiation to, respectively, first and second polarization states. The switching between first and second polarization states produces, in cooperation with the wavelength selective polarizing filter, optical shutter output VIS and NIR radiation.

Abstract: In an IPS type liquid crystal display device having a reduced number of layers and formed through a reduced number of photolithography steps, an off current of a TFT is prevented from increasing due to photocurrent. A drain line, a TFT drain electrode, and a source electrode each have a multilayer structure including metal and a semiconductor layer. The drain line and the semiconductor layer formed thereunder are separated from the drain electrode and the semiconductor layer formed thereunder with the drain line and the drain electrode connected by a blocking conductive film formed of ITO of which the pixel electrode is also formed. Photocurrent generated by backlight is blocked by the blocking conductive film without flowing into the TFT. Therefore, the number of photomasks required in the production process can be decreased without an increase of causing the off current of the TFT.

Abstract: A light path adjustment apparatus includes: a support plate with a first through hole through which light passes; a plurality of optical units, including first and second optical units, that move between an open location where the first through hole is opened by the optical units moving toward an outside of the first through hole and a closing location where the first through hole is divided into a plurality of regions by the plurality of optical units moving toward the first through hole and blocking at least a part of the light; and a rotation plate that has a second through hole corresponding to the first through hole and is rotatably disposed with respect to the support plate. The first and second optical units correspond to first and second regions of the first through hole, respectively, and are coupled to the support plate and the rotation plate, respectively.

Abstract: An exposing device includes: a first light-emitting element that emits first light; a second light-emitting element that emits second light; and a liquid crystal panel that is disposed between the first and second light-emitting elements and a photoreceptor body to be exposed to the second light, and focuses the second light on the photoreceptor body by a convex refractive index distribution that is formed in the liquid crystal panel by an orientation variation that is caused by illumination with the first light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light adjusting device includes: a first liquid crystal layer on which light from one surface is incident; and a reflective film which reflects light transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer, wherein the first liquid crystal layer has adjacent alignment regions, and orientation directions of liquid crystal molecules in the adjacent alignment regions are different.

Abstract: A display element and electronic element module according to the present invention is described, in which a lens is formed as part of a translucent support substrate having a display disposed thereon, the lens being formed on a part other than where the display is disposed, where an electronic element is disposed for the lens.

Abstract: An imaging system for imaging an object onto an image sensor, and which has a front side facing the object and a rear side facing away from the object, the rear side being arranged behind the front side as viewed from the object. Furthermore, the imaging system has a light entrance device at the front side through which light coming from the object can enter into the imaging system. In this case, the light traverses the beam path between object and image sensor. At least one first and one second optical element are likewise present and are arranged at the rear side in such a way that they can influence the beam path. The light entrance device has an electrically switchable liquid crystal element which deflects the beam path at at least one first angle and a second angle which is different from the first angle depending on the electrical switching state. A discretely switchable focal length change is realized by this electrically effected change in the beam path.

Abstract: A liquid crystal shutter configured to divide an optical path in an image capturing apparatus which captures 3D images is provided. The liquid crystal shutter includes an upper plate and a lower plate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the upper plate and the lower plate. Each of the upper plate and the lower plate includes a transparent plate, a polarizing film formed on an outer surface of the transparent plate, and an electrode layer formed on an inner surface of the transparent plate. A heating unit configured to heat the liquid crystal layer is disposed on any one of the electrode layer of the upper plate and the electrode layer of the lower plate.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device has a display side and a back side opposite to the display side. The handheld electronic device includes a case, a host system, an optical device, an opening region, and a liquid crystal light valve. The host system and the optical device are disposed in the case, and the optical device is electrically coupled to the host system. The opening region is located on the display side or the back side to expose the optical device. The liquid crystal light valve is disposed in the opening region and is electrically coupled to the host system to control the luminous flux passing through the opening region.

Abstract: Sol-gel process for producing a photochromic composite material includes successive stages of hydrolysis, condensation, and drying, in which an alkoxysilane is selected as a precursor, and a ruthenium complex with a nitrosyl ligand is selected as a photochromic complex, and, in combination, the sol-gel process is implemented starting from the selected precursor and photochromic complex, with successive stages of hydrolysis, arrangement in a container of a selected shape, condensation, curing and aging, whereby this latter stage includes a final drying cycle, and for, the curing and aging stages, the pH, temperature and duration are selected so that in the produced xerogel, whose shape is determined by that of the container, the photochromic ruthenium complex with a nitrosyl ligand, in the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles, is inserted into the nanopores of the silica matrix, distributed in an at least substantially homogeneous way.

Abstract: An optical adjusting device includes: a rotating unit that includes and rotates about a through-hole through which light passes; at least one moving unit that is movably disposed relative to the rotating unit and is linearly movable between an advance position corresponding to the through-hole and a retreat position outside the through-hole; a transmitting unit that is disposed between the rotating unit and the moving unit and transmits a rotational force of the rotating unit to the moving unit; and an optical unit that is disposed on the moving unit and blocks at least part of light passing through the through-hole.

Abstract: Provided are a print head and an image forming apparatus. The print head, which selectively irradiates light to each pixel of an image on a photoconductor, the print head includes an illumination unit, which emits light, a liquid crystal layer, which transmits or intercepts the light incident from the illumination unit on a unit pixel basis according to an applied voltage, and a microlens array formed of liquid crystal polymer, which either focuses or does not focus the light passed through the liquid crystal layer onto the photoconductor.

Abstract: An optically intelligent image sensing device is provided. By applying different potentials across different electrode sections in the image sensing device, the electric field profiles of the corresponding liquid crystal layer sections bend the lights passing through the liquid crystal layer sections in a predetermined manner. In one embodiment, all of a certain color light entering the image sensing device can be bent towards a color filter for the specific color, thereby entering the light sensor for the specific color light. Accordingly, the optically intelligent image sensing device has improved optical efficiency. An arrangement for an array of different electrode and light sensing sections in the image sensing device is also provided as an example for how each electrode may be connected to the optically intelligent image sensing device control signals. An example using the present optically intelligent image sensing device to improve the optical efficiency of an image capturing device is also described.

Abstract: Ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions including organic ion pair compounds wherein image sticking is reduced or eliminated. Use of the ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device allows for rapid image refresh rates without required a DC-balancing algorithm. The organic ion pair compounds provide electrical resistivity values for the compositions that result in reduced image sticking when the compositions are used in FLC display devices.

Abstract: A display structure is described comprising a displaying medium, a backplane provided with an active matrix and a pixel pad comprising a plurality of pixels having an inter-pixel spacing, said pixel pad superposing the active matrix, wherein the inter-pixel spacing is in the range of 2.5-40 micrometers, preferably in the range of 8-20 micrometers.

Abstract: A phase-type diffraction device includes a substrate having a front surface and a solidified liquid crystal layer formed on the front surface of the substrate and constituted by a continuous film containing at least a liquid crystal compound. The solidified liquid crystal layer is constituted by first, second and third regions arranged periodically, the third region being interposed between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically anisotropic and the second region is optically isotropic, the third region is not optically isotropic, a degree of orientation of mesogens of the liquid crystal compound being lower than that of the first region. An in-plane average refractive index ni of the second region is different from an in-plane average refractive index na of the first region and an in-plane average refractive index nm of the third region is between ni and na.

Abstract: An optically intelligent image sensing device is provided. By applying different potentials across different electrode sections in the image sensing device, the electric field profiles of the corresponding liquid crystal layer sections bend the lights passing through the liquid crystal layer sections in a predetermined manner. In one embodiment, all of a certain color light entering the image sensing device can be bent towards a color filter for the specific color, thereby entering the light sensor for the specific color light. Accordingly, the optically intelligent image sensing device has improved optical efficiency. An arrangement for an array of different electrode and light sensing sections in the image sensing device is also provided as an example for how each electrode may be connected to the optically intelligent image sensing device control signals. An example using the present optically intelligent image sensing device to improve the optical efficiency of an image capturing device is also described.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light source, an optical system, and a housing. The light source projects a light beam. The housing includes a holder and encloses the optical system. The optical system includes a liquid crystal element held by the housing via the holder, to modulate a phase of the light beam projected from the light source against a scanned surface. The liquid crystal element includes a plurality of substantially transparent substrates, a liquid crystal layer, and a sealing member. One of the plurality of the transparent substrates has a size larger than any other transparent substrates and is positioned in the holder. The liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the plurality of substantially transparent substrates. The sealing member seals the liquid crystal layer between the plurality of substantially transparent substrates.

Abstract: A display device including: an organic light emitting display unit formed on a first substrate, the organic light emitting display unit comprising first and second electrodes facing each other, and an organic emissive layer formed between the first and second electrodes; and a liquid crystal display unit formed on a second substrate facing the first substrate, the liquid crystal display unit configured to operate as a liquid crystal shutter in response to an electrical potential difference, wherein a resonance structure of the organic light emitting display unit enables the liquid crystal display unit to form an image in a color reflected from each pixel of the organic light emitting display unit.

Abstract: An imaging system for imaging an object onto an image sensor, and which has a front side facing the object and a rear side facing away from the object, the rear side being arranged behind the front side as viewed from the object. Furthermore, the imaging system has a light entrance device at the front side through which light coming from the object can enter into the imaging system. In this case, the light traverses the beam path between object and image sensor. At least one first and one second optical element are likewise present and are arranged at the rear side in such a way that they can influence the beam path. The light entrance device has an electrically switchable liquid crystal element which deflects the beam path at at least one first angle and a second angle which is different from the first angle depending on the electrical switching state. A discretely switchable focal length change is realized by this electrically effected change in the beam path.

Abstract: An exemplary camera module, includes a lens group, an image sensor, and a liquid crystal module disposed between the lens group and the image sensor. The liquid crystal module includes a first glass substrate adjacent to the image sensor, an opposite second glass substrate, a plurality of liquid crystal molecules arranged between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, a first transparent electrode layer formed on the first glass substrate and facing the liquid crystal molecules, and a second transparent electrode layer formed on the second glass substrate and facing the liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecules are configured for adjusting light path of the light transmitting therethrough in response to an electric field between the first and second transparent electrode layers, thus adjusting depth of field of the camera module.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus, including: a pixel array section including a plurality of pixel circuits disposed in a matrix and each including a driving transistor for producing driving current, a storage capacitor for storing information of a image signal amplitude, an electro-optical element connected to an output terminal side of the driving transistor, and a sampling transistor for writing information of the signal amplitude into the storage capacitor, the driving transistor being operable to produce driving current based on the information stored in the storage capacitor and supply the driving current to the electro-optical element to cause the electro-optical element to emit light; a driving signal fixing circuit for keeping the driving current fixed; and a light blocking layer provided on the light input side of a transistor which participates in the driving signal fixing function and for preventing appearance of leak current of the transistors arising from light irradiation.

Abstract: A display device for displaying an image includes a display cell with a first cell wall and a second cell wall opposed to the first cell wall. The cell walls enclose a layer of a display medium that includes a liquid crystal material having finely-divided pigment particles dispersed therein. Each cell wall includes an electrode for applying an electric field across the display medium. A method for recording an image is also provided.

Abstract: A display device includes a housing, a liquid crystal panel member, numerous camera modules, a light emitting device and a processing unit. The housing defines a slot configured for allowing an display medium to enter the display device. The liquid crystal panel member is received in the housing. The camera modules are positioned in the reflective housing and each is configured for capturing a sub-images of a corresponding portion of the display medium. The light emitting device is configured for emitting light to the display medium. The processing unit is configured for obtaining an image of the display medium by synthesizing the sub-images of the corresponding portions of the display medium.

Abstract: An optical recording apparatus and a method of optical recording are disclosed in which: a DC voltage of a first polarity is applied, as a reset voltage for initializing a display layer, to one of a plurality of divided electrodes which is selected in a predetermined sequence along a specified direction, and reset light is irradiated onto a photoconductor layer in a region corresponding to the selected divided electrode; and a DC voltage of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity is applied, as an image writing voltage for writing an image in the display layer, to the selected divided electrode, and image light corresponding to input image information is irradiated onto the photoconductor layer in the region corresponding to the selected divided electrode. Also disclosed is an image display apparatus including the optical recording apparatus.

Abstract: A tunable optical imaging system uses a fixed lens and a tunable liquid crystal lens that is operated only outside of an operational range of high aberration. A voltage range applied to change the optical power of the liquid crystal lens is limited to a continuous tunable range of low aberration. The relative positioning between the lens and a corresponding photodetector, and the relative lens powers of a fixed lens and the tunable lens, may be selected to compensate for any optical power offsets resulting from the limitation of the voltage range of the tunable lens. The lens may be operated in either positive tunability or negative tunability mode.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display panel capable of performing data programming and/or data erasing via a polarized light is provided. The reflective liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a transflective film, a retarder and a polarizer. The second substrate is disposed over the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate and an optical aligned material is doped in the liquid crystal layer. The transflective film is disposed below the first substrate, and the transflective film allows the polarized light to pass through, so that the orientation of the optical aligned material doped liquid crystal layer can be controlled by the polarized light. The transflective film reflects external light source. The retarder is disposed between the transflective film and the first substrate. The polarizer is disposed on the second substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for generating a plurality of scattered radiation patterns at an image an optical microscope. The apparatus includes at least one lens element, a liquid crystal display (LCD) array, and a housing comprising a body portion supporting the LCD array and lens element in a predetermined spaced apart relationship.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light adjusting device includes: a first liquid crystal layer on which light from one surface is incident; and a reflective film which reflects light transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer, wherein the first liquid crystal layer has adjacent alignment regions, and orientation directions of liquid crystal molecules in the adjacent alignment regions are different.

Abstract: A projector capable of increasing in the contrast by reducing the amount of leakage of light due to reflection of light on the surface of a retarder is to be provided. A retarder is placed and tilted in a direction so that the following conditional expression is satisfied, denoting a distance between a point A where the normal drawn from the center of a substrate plane of the retarder and a substrate plane of a polarizing beam splitter intersect and a point C where the substrate plane of the polarizing beam splitter and the optical axis of a projection system as AC, and a distance between a point B where the substrate plane of the polarizing beam splitter and the system optical axis intersect and the point C as BC: AC>BC.

Abstract: A light path adjustment apparatus includes a support plate that has a first through hole through which light passes and optical units that move between an open location where the first through hole is opened by the optical units moving toward an outside of the first through hole and a closing location where the first through hole is divided into a plurality of regions by the plurality of optical units moving toward the first through hole. The optical units block at least a part of the light in the closing location.