Abstract: In a semiconductor device (SD), plate-shaped upper electrodes (UEL) are formed on a lower electrode (LEL) with a dielectric film (DEC) interposed therebetween. The lower electrode (LEL), the dielectric film (DEC), and the upper electrodes (UEL) constitute MIM capacitors (MCA). One of the upper electrodes (UEL) and another upper electrode (UEL) that are adjacent to each other are arranged at an equal distance (D1), without the guard ring being interposed therebetween. The upper electrodes (UEL) positioned on the outermost periphery and the guard ring (GR) positioned outside those upper electrodes UEL are arranged at a distance equal to the distance (D1) from each other.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) that includes a control electrode, a semiconductor pattern, a first input electrode, a second input electrode, and an output electrode is disclosed. in one aspect, the semiconductor pattern includes a first input area, a second input area, a channel area, and an output area. The channel area is formed between the first input area and the output area and overlapped with the control electrode to be insulated from the control electrode. The second input area is formed between the first input area and the channel area and doped with a doping concentration different from a doping concentration of the first input areas. The second input electrode makes contact with the second input area and receives a control voltage to control a threshold voltage.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a substrate, and a first metal layer and a second metal layer disposed on the substrate. The first metal layer includes a plurality of protrusions of a wire grid pattern. Each protrusion has a first width and adjacent protrusions are spaced apart by a second width. The second metal layer is disposed on each of the protrusions of the first metal layer, and includes molybdenum (Mo) and/or titanium (Ti).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of transparent substrates facing each other through a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween; a gate insulating film formed so as to cover a gate electrode formed in the pixel regions, disposed closer to the liquid crystal layer, of one of the transparent substrates; a semiconductor film provided on the gate insulating film, for forming a thin-film transistor; a first electrode provided on the semiconductor film through the first insulating film and the second insulating film; a second electrode provided on the first electrode through a third insulating film; and a contact hole formed collectively in the first insulating film, the second insulating film, and the third insulating film on the first electrode, where a second electrode is formed on the contact hole. A floating electrode is formed in the peripheral region of the contact hole.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a capacitor includes forming a first ceramic film on a first base made of a metal, forming a second ceramic film on a second base made of a metal, forming a first copper electrode pattern and a first copper via-plug on a surface of one of the first and second ceramic films, the electrode pattern and the via-plug being separate from each other, bonding the first and second ceramic films together with the first electrode pattern and the via-plug therebetween, by applying a pulsed voltage between the first base and the second base while the first base and the second base are pressed so that the first ceramic film and the second ceramic film are pressed on each other, and removing the second base.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting diode touch display panel including a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes disposed on the substrate, a plurality of light emitting layers, a plurality of dielectric layers, a plurality of first electrode stripes, and a plurality of second stripes. Each light emitting layer is disposed on each first electrode, and each dielectric layer is disposed on each second electrode. Each first electrode stripe is disposed on the light emitting layers in each row, and each second electrode stripe is disposed on the dielectric layers in each row. Each first electrode, each light emitting layer and each first electrode stripe form an organic light emitting diode, and each second electrode, each dielectric layer and each second electrode stripe form a touch sensing capacitor.

Abstract: To reduce power consumption and suppress display degradation of a liquid crystal display device. To suppress display degradation due to an external factor such as temperature. A transistor whose channel formation region is formed using an oxide semiconductor layer is used for a transistor provided in each pixel. Note that with the use of a high-purity oxide semiconductor layer, off-state current of the transistor at a room temperature can be 10 aA/?m or less and off-state current at 85° C. can be 100 aA/?m or less. Consequently, power consumption of a liquid crystal display device can be reduced and display degradation can be suppressed. Further, as described above, off-state current of the transistor at a temperature as high as 85° C. can be 100 aA/?m or less. Thus, display degradation of a liquid crystal display device due to an external factor such as temperature can be suppressed.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack is provided that includes (1) a first conductive layer comprising a silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloy; (2) a resistivity-switching layer comprising a metal oxide layer formed above the first conductive layer; and (3) a second conductive layer formed above the resistivity-switching layer. A memory cell may be formed from the MIM stack. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate (30) of the present invention includes a substrate, a gate line (50) formed on the substrate, and an interlayer insulating layer (90) for insulating a layer formed on the gate line (50) from the gate line (50). In a region of the substrate, the interlayer insulating layer (90) is not provided on an upper surface of the gate line (50), and therefore, the upper surface is exposed. On the other hand, the insulating layer (90) is provided on the substrate so as to have contact with at least an edge face of the gate line (50) which edge face is on an extension of a longitudinal direction of the gate line (50).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition which can suppress dependency of a driving voltage on a temperature by decreasing the driving voltage. To a low-molecular liquid crystal compound, a chiral compound, and a specific acrylate and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound as polymerizable acrylate compounds are added, to prepare a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition. By subjecting the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition to ultraviolet exposure while maintaining a desired alignment state to form a polymer chain in a liquid crystal phase, a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal display device containing a low-molecular liquid crystal in a stabilized alignment state is obtained.

Abstract: A display device includes a first light-emitting element which includes a second layer having the function of flowing carriers and provided between a first anode and a first layer having the function of emitting light of a first color, and a third layer having the function of emitting light of a second color and provided between the first anode and the second layer; and a second light-emitting element which includes a fifth layer having the function of suppressing a flow of carriers and provided between a second anode and a fourth layer having the function of emitting light of the first color, and a first hole injection layer provided between the second anode and the fifth layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device where there are fewer moiré effects between lenticular lenses and the backlight. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device where the arrangement or form of lenticular lenses 1 varies in waveform so that the center line of the lenses, the width of the lenses, and the height of the lenses vary in the case where light emitted from a backlight 59 is collected into openings 15 for transmitting light by means of lenticular lenses 1.

Abstract: A beam splitting film including a light transmissive plate and a plurality of strip protrusion groups is provided. The light transmissive plate has a first surface and a second surface. The strip protrusion groups are disposed on the second surface. Each of the strip protrusion groups includes a first strip protrusion and a second strip protrusion. The first strip protrusion has a first strip surface and a second strip surface inclined relative to the second surface. The second strip protrusion has a third strip surface and a fourth strip surface inclined relative to the second surface. An average slope of the first strip surface is not equal to an average slope of the third strip surface. An average slope of the second strip surface is not equal to an average slope of the fourth strip surface. A backlight module and a stereo display apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes a first substrate including a display area displaying images and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, a common pad formed in the peripheral area of the first substrate, an insulating layer formed on the common pad and having a common contact hole exposing the common pad, an assistance common pad formed on the insulating layer of the peripheral area and contacting the common pad through the common contact hole, a second substrate corresponding to the first substrate, and a common electrode formed on the second substrate, and a conductive sealant disposed between the assistance common pad and the common electrode of the peripheral area, the conductive sealant electrically connecting the assistance common pad and the common electrode, wherein the common contact hole is disposed between the conductive sealant and the display area.

Abstract: A display is disclosed. The display includes a plurality of pixels configured to emit light. The display also includes a plurality of pixel control circuits that are each configured to regulate emission of light from a pixel. The pixel control circuits each include one or more two-terminal switching devices that include an organic semiconductor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a LCD device having a structure capable of improving the quality of images is disclosed. The LCD device includes, an image display portion composed of pixels, the image display portion defined by the crossing of gate wires and data wires; a common wire located on the outside of the image display portion; a test wire located adjacent to a part of the common wire; and a wire connection electrode for connecting the common wire with the test wire.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel is provided, which includes: a display cell array circuit including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of thin film transistors, and a plurality of pixel electrodes; a gate driving circuit supplying gate signals to the gate lines; and a signal line connected to the gate driving circuit and including first and second line segments separated from each other and a connection member connected to the first and second line segments through at least a contact hole exposing at least one of the first and the second line segments.

Abstract: A source electrode and a drain electrode on a silicon oxide film (31) each has a double-layered structure of an ITO film (32), a transparent electrode, and a metal film (33) formed on the ITO film (32). A gap (35), no source electrode and drain electrode region, is formed between the source electrode and the drain electrode. A silicon nitride film (34) (a gate insulating film) is formed on the source electrode and the drain electrode and in the gap (35). The silicon nitride film (34) is a first region D1 having a relatively large thickness and a second region D2 having a relatively small thickness. The region D2 of the silicon nitride film (34) is provided with an MIM structure. A gate bus layer (36) is formed on the silicon nitride film (34). An MIM structure is formed in the second region D2.

Abstract: In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides an LCOS device. The device has a semiconductor substrate, e.g., silicon substrate. The device has a transistor formed within the semiconductor substrate. The transistor has a first node, a second node, and a row node. A first capacitor structure is coupled to the transistor. The first capacitor structure includes a first polysilicon layer coupled to the second node of the transistor. The first capacitor structure also has a first capacitor insulating layer overlying the first polysilicon layer and a second polysilicon layer overlying the insulating layer. The second polysilicon layer is coupled to a reference potential, e.g., ground. The device has a second capacitor structure coupled to the transistor. The second capacitor structure has a first metal layer coupled to the reference potential, a second capacitor insulating layer, and a second metal layer coupled to the second node of the transistor. A pixel electrode comprises the first metal layer.

Abstract: Electronic devices with hybrid high-k dielectric and fabrication methods thereof. The electronic device includes a substrate. A first electrode is disposed on the substrate. Hybrid high-k multi-layers comprising a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer are disposed on the substrate, wherein the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are solvable and substantially without interface therebetween. A second electrode is formed on the hybrid multi-layers.

Abstract: A thin film diode array panel comprising: an insulating substrate (110); first and second redundant gate lines (141, 142) made of an opaque conductor and formed on the insulating substrate; first and second floating electrodes (143, 144) made of an opaque conductor, formed on the insulating substrate, and disposed between the first and second redundant gate lines (141, 142); an insulating layer (151, 152) formed on the first and second floating electrodes (143, 144); a first gate line (121) formed on the first redundant gate line (141) and including a first input electrode (123) overlapping the first floating electrode (143) where the insulating layer (151) is interposed between the first input electrode and the first floating electrode; a second gate line (122) formed on the second redundant gate line (142) and including a second input electrode (124) overlapping the second floating electrode (144) where the insulating layer (152) is interposed between the second input electrode (124) and the second floating

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display, the method includes steps of depositing a transparent conductive layer, forming a pixel electrode, and four bottom layers, depositing a semiconductor insulation layer on the pixel electrode and the four bottom layers, defining the semiconductor insulation layer to form two contact openings two of the bottom layers, depositing and defining two top layers and two scanning lines both with an indentation at an edge thereof, and the indentations face the first pixel electrode by an opposite direction, and forming four metal-insulation-metal (MIM) diodes.

Abstract: An LCD array substrate includes a plurality of gate lines arranged in a first direction; a plurality of data lines arranged in a second direction to cross the plurality of gate lines; a semiconductor layer formed at overlapping regions of the gate lines and the data lines and extending a predetermined length from the overlapping regions over the gate lines; a drain electrode spaced apart from the overlapping regions of the gate and data lines and disposed partially in contact with the semiconductor layer, the drain electrode having ends extended beyond the semiconductor layer and the gate line; and a pair of pixel electrodes disposed on opposing sides of the gate line and electrically connected with the drain electrode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is disclosed, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a substrate having a transparent electrode layer and a first metal layer, wherein the transparent electrode layer is sandwiched in between the first metal layer and the substrate; (b) defining a patterned area having a thin film diode area and a pixel area by a first mask; (c) forming a first insulating layer and a second metal layer on the patterned area having the thin film diode area and the pixel area in sequence, wherein the first insulating layer is sandwiched in between the second metal layer and the first metal layer; and (d) defining the thin film diode area and the pixel area by a second mask, and removing the second metal layer, the first insulating layer, and the first metal layer on the pixel area to expose the transparent electrode layer.

Abstract: Active devices in a thin film diode (TFD) liquid crystal display (LCD) panel used to control liquid crystal are formed by a metal layer, a transparent conductive layer, and an insulating layer sequentially on a substrate, wherein the metal layer is used as transmitting signal and the transparent conductive layer is used as bottom metal layer of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thin film diode. The metal layer, the transparent conductive layer, and the insulating layer are defined with desired patterns. Further, a dielectric layer is formed over the substrate, metal layer, the transparent conductive layer, and the insulating layer, and defined to form the locations of electrode terminal and MIM thin film diode by using lithographic process. Next, another transparent conductive layer is formed on the dielectric layer and defined to form a pixel electrode and top metal layer of the MIM thin film diode by using lithographic process.

Abstract: Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) diodes in back-to-back thin film diode (TFD) liquid crystal display (LCD) device are formed on dual selective lines respectively. A transparent conductive layer on a first substrate comprises a pixel electrode, a first bottom layer, a second bottom layer, a third bottom layer, and a fourth bottom layer. A semiconductor insulator layer with a first contact hole on the first bottom layer and a second contact hole on the third bottom layer covers the first substrate and the transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: A display is disclosed. The display includes a plurality of pixels configured to emit light. The display also includes a plurality of pixel control circuits that are each configured to regulate emission of light from a pixel. The pixel control circuits each include one or more two-terminal switching devices that include an organic semiconductor.

Abstract: A thin film diode panel comprises a pixel electrode formed on a substrate, the pixel electrode including a stem portion and a plurality of branch portions extended from the stem portion, and a data electrode line formed on the substrate, the data electrode line including a plurality of branch electrodes formed parallel to the plurality of branch portions. The plurality of branch portions may extend in a direction perpendicular to the stem portion and the plurality of branch electrodes may extend in a direction perpendicular to the data electrode line.

Abstract: Active devices in a thin film diode (TFD) liquid crystal display (LCD) panel used to control liquid crystal are formed by a metal layer, a transparent conductive layer, and an insulating layer sequentially on a substrate, wherein the metal layer is used as transmitting signal and the transparent conductive layer is used as bottom metal layer of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thin film diode. The metal layer, the transparent conductive layer, and the insulating layer are defined with desired patterns. Further, a dielectric layer is formed over the substrate, metal layer, the transparent conductive layer, and the insulating layer, and defined to form the locations of electrode terminal and MIM thin film diode by using lithographic process. Next, another transparent conductive layer is formed on the dielectric layer and defined to form a pixel electrode and top metal layer of the MIM thin film diode by using lithographic process.

Abstract: To suppress the occurrence of a failure caused by static electricity in the manufacturing process of an active matrix type display device in which an active matrix circuit and peripheral drive circuits are integrated on a glass substrate, a protective capacitor to be connected to a short ring is formed using a semiconductor layer made from the same material as the active layer of a thin film transistor present under the short ring. This protective capacitor has a function to absorb an electric pulse generated in the plasma using process. Discharge patterns are provided to prevent an electric pulse from affecting each circuit.

Abstract: Two-terminal switching devices of MIM type having at least one electrode formed by a liquid phase processing method are provided for use in active matrix backplane applications; more specifically, MIM devices with symmetric current-voltage characteristics are applied for LCD active matrix backplane applications, and MIM devices with asymmetric current-voltage characteristics are applied for active matrix backplane implementation for electrophoretic displays (EPD) and rotating element displays. In particular, the combination of the bottom metal, metal-oxide insulator and solution-processible top conducting layer enables high throughput, roll-to-roll process for flexible displays.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing liquid crystal display substrates comprises the steps of: (a) providing a substrate having a transparent electrode layer and a metal layer; (b) forming a patterned photoresist layer through half-tone or diffraction; (c) defining signal line area and thin film diode area, or pixel area and conductive electrode-lines by etching; and (d) forming an oxidized layer on partial surface of the metal layer. The disclosure here provides a patterning process of lithography and etching with one photolithography of one single mask in the manufacturing of liquid crystal display substrates. Furthermore, the method disclosed here can effectively increase the yield of manufacturing, and reduce the cost of manufacturing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a pair of first and second signal lines transmitting select pulses having opposite polarity; a third signal line transmitting data voltages; first and second field generating electrodes separated from each other with a gap; and a plurality of diodes connected between the first and the second signal lines and the first and the second field generating electrodes and providing at least two different resistances.

Abstract: A wiring structure includes: a plurality of linear conductors extending generally parallel to one another; a first input terminal for inputting an electrical signal to a first group of linear conductors selected from among the plurality of linear conductors; and a second input terminal for inputting an electrical signal to a second group of linear conductors, different conductors, selected from among the plurality of linear conductors, the second input terminal being adjacent to the first input terminal. A plurality of the linear conductors are present between the first group of linear conductors and the second group of linear conductors.

Abstract: A plurality of active areas are defined on a semiconductor substrate. Then at least one gate is formed on the semiconductor substrate to cover a portion of the active area. Thereafter a plurality of source/drain are formed in the active area not covered by the gate followed by forming a first dielectric layer on the semiconductor substrate to cover the gate and the source/drain. After that, at least one pixel cap top plate is formed atop the first dielectric layer and a capacitor dielectric layer is formed atop the surface of the top plate. Finally, at least one pixel cap bottom plate is formed atop the first dielectric layer to cover the top plate.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of picture electrodes electrically connected to one of the plurality of first electrodes via at least one bidirectional two-terminal element respectively, a plurality of second electrodes, and a display medium layer provided between the plurality of picture electrodes and plurality of second electrodes. The first electrodes have an electrode layer having an opening formed at least in a portion of an area overlapping the plurality of picture electrodes so as to prevent degradation of display quality caused by a parasitic capacitance.

Abstract: An electrooptic device has a first substrate 10 and a second substrate 20 disposed to oppose each other, and liquid crystal 35 provided between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. This electrooptic device has a sealing material 30 surrounding the liquid crystal 35 and wires 16 continuously extending along one side of the first substrate 10 to another side intersecting said one side. The wires 16 each have a first wire layer which is continuously formed in the inside region of the sealing material 30 and the outside region of the sealing material 30 or which is continuously formed in the region overlapping the sealing material 30 and the outside region of the sealing material 30; and a second wire layer 182 which is formed in the inside region of the sealing material 30 or the region overlapping the sealing material 30. Since being not exposed to outside air, the second wire layer 182 is not corroded.

Abstract: An active matrix display device includes a pair of substrates, an optical modulation layer lying between the substrates, a plurality of pixel electrodes on one of the substrates, switching elements for driving the respective pixel electrodes provided in the vicinity of the pixel electrodes, and a reflective or transflective reflecting layer 138 formed on at least one substrate more distant from a viewer side. The reflecting layer has asymmetrical reflection properties.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device in which the wiring resistivity of signal lines is reduced. The liquid crystal display device includes substrates disposed in opposition to each other with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, a thin film transistor to be driven by a scanning signal supplied from a gate signal line, and a pixel electrode to be supplied with a video signal from a drain signal line via the thin film transistor, the thin film transistor and the pixel being provided in each pixel area on a liquid-crystal-side surface of one of the substrates. The gate signal line is made of a multi-layered structure including at least an ITO film formed on the liquid-crystal-side surface and a Mo layer formed to overlie the ITO film.

Abstract: A thin film two-terminal element is formed by laminating a protruding portion of a second conductor layer on a first conductor layer via a nonlinear resistor layer. An insulator layer is positioned between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer except a region to become the thin film two-terminal element. Therefore, the allowance of the relative position of the second conductor layer with respect to the first conductor layer and the nonlinear resistor layer is considerably large as compared with that of prior art, and it is possible to ensure a requisite alignment margin with respect to deformation of the substrate in the production process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a nonlinear element capable further improving nonlinearity of a nonlinear element, an electrooptic device, and electronic apparatus. In forming an element substrate of a liquid crystal device, an underlying layer is formed on the surface of the element substrate in the underlying layer forming step (a), and then a first metal film having a metal film containing at least Ta is formed in the first metal film forming step (b). Then, in the insulating film forming step (c), the first metal film is annealed under high pressure in an atmosphere containing water vapor to form an insulating film on the first metal film. Then, in the second metal film forming step, a second metal film is formed on the surface of the insulating film to produce a nonlinear element.

Abstract: A Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor structure and method of fabricating the same in an integrated circuit improve capacitance density in a MIM capacitor structure by utilizing a sidewall spacer extending along a channel defined between a pair of legs that define portions of the MIM capacitor structure. Each of the legs includes top and bottom electrodes and an insulator layer interposed therebetween, as well as a sidewall that faces the channel. The sidewall spacer incorporates a conductive layer and an insulator layer interposed between the conductive layer and the sidewall of one of the legs, and the conductive layer of the sidewall spacer is physically separated from the top electrode of the MIM capacitor structure. In addition, the bottom electrode of a MIM capacitor structure may be ammonia plasma treated prior to deposition of an insulator layer thereover to reduce oxidation of the electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a MIM capacitor that has a high capacitance that can be manufactured without the problems that affected the prior art. Such a capacitor includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and a dielectric layer that is intermediate the upper and the lower electrodes. A first voltage can be applied to the upper electrode and a second voltage, which is different from the first voltage, can be applied to the lower electrode. A wire layer, through which the first voltage is applied to the upper electrode, is located in the same level as or in a lower level than the lower electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a MIM type non-linear element in which the capacitance is sufficiently small and in which little changes over time are exhibited in the current-voltage characteristics, a liquid crystal display panel with high image quality using the MIM type non-linear element, and a method of manufacturing the MIM type non-linear element. The MIM type non-linear element includes a first conductive film, an insulation film and a second conductive film, which are laminated on a substrate. The insulation film has a relative dielectric constant of 25.5 or less, preferably 24.0-25.5. In elementary analysis by SIMS, a hydrogen spectrum of the boundary region between the first conductive film and the insulation film has a width of 10 nm or more in the depth direction at an intensity of one tenth of the peak intensity. The first conductive film of the MIM type non-linear element shows a peak temperature of 300° C. or higher in a thermal desorption spectroscopy of hydrogen.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises a plurality of pixel electrodes (6), and nonlinear elements (11) including element-side electrodes (14) electrically connected to the pixel electrodes (6). An element-side electrode (14) is shaped in a pattern (14a) formed along the edge of a pixel electrode (6). The presence of the element-side electrode pattern (14a) makes it possible to prevent etchant from entering between said pixel electrode (6) and the element-side electrode (14) and causing a wire break therebetween in patterning the pixel electrode (6). When the element-side electrode pattern (14a) is made of a substance having a higher light-shielding ability than that of the pixel electrode (6), it may be used as a mark for adjusting position in bonding an element substrate and an opposite substrate.

Abstract: A dummy wire is provided on the outside of pixel electrodes disposed on the right end so as to apply the same amount of parasitic capacity as a neighboring signal wire applies. Further, on the outside of the pixel electrodes disposed on the upper or lower end, another dummy wire is provided so as to apply the same amount of parasitic capacity as a neighboring pixel electrode applies. With this arrangement, with regard to a liquid crystal display device with a matrix driving system, it is possible to provide the liquid crystal display device which reduces the influence caused by a difference in parasitic capacity so that an even display can be realized.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is provided which is capable of realizing a uniform display even at a high definition and offering a widened operating temperature. A signal line is formed on a signal line through an intervening insulating layer in an active-matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus of MIM drive type. MIM devices as two-terminal nonlinear devices are formed between each pixel electrode and the signal lines. The MIM devices are formed to operate in different operating temperature ranges. By selecting one of the signal lines to be supplied with a driving signal to achieve switching between the MIM devices, the pixel electrode associated therewith can operate within a wider operating temperature range. The respective resistances of the signal lines and/or MIM devices associated with each pixel electrode are adjusted so as to be equalized throughout all the pixel electrodes, thereby lessening a non-uniform display to ensure a uniform display.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a nonlinear element capable further improving nonlinearity of a nonlinear element, an electrooptic device, and electronic apparatus. In forming an element substrate of a liquid crystal device, an underlying layer is formed on the surface of the element substrate in the underlying layer forming step (a), and then a first metal film having a metal film containing at least Ta is formed in the first metal film forming step (b). Then, in the insulating film forming step (c), the first metal film is annealed under high pressure in an atmosphere containing water vapor to form an insulating film on the first metal film. Then, in the second metal film forming step, a second metal film is formed on the surface of the insulating film to produce a nonlinear element.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus includes: a first substrate having a plurality of reflecting electrodes; a second substrate having a light transmitting electrode; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes an insulating substrate, a switching device provided on the insulating substrate for supplying a display voltage signal to the reflecting electrode, a drawing-out electrode connected to the switching device and extending under the reflecting electrode, and an insulating resin layer having a contact hole on the drawing-out electrode. The reflecting electrode is provided on the insulating resin layer, corresponding to each pixel, so as to cover the contact hole, and is electrically connected to the drawing-out electrode at the bottom of the contact hole.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode substrate includes providing an insulating substrate and forming a first conductive layer on the insulating substrate. The first conductive layer has a narrowed wiring region and forms a first wiring pattern and a second wiring pattern. The narrowed wiring region defines a boundary region disposed between the first wiring pattern and the second wiring pattern. The method also includes forming a second conductive layer in electrical contact with the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer has a narrowed wiring region and forms a third wiring pattern and a fourth wiring pattern. The narrowed wiring region of the second conductive layer defines another boundary region disposed between the third wiring pattern and the second wiring pattern. The first and second conductive layers are formed such that the boundary regions of each of the first and second conductive layers do not overlap each other.