Abstract: The disclosure relates to an optical system, such as an illumination system or a projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, including such an optical system having a polarization-influencing optical arrangement which permits enhanced flexibility in affording a desired polarization distribution.

Abstract: A shutter device for a camera with an adjustable aperture comprises a connecting member for connection to a camera lens, the connecting member disposed along an optical axis; an image aperture disposed along an extension of the optical axis; and a reflective shutter and a shutter which are configured to cover the image aperture at least over a pre-settable period of time on a connection side of the image aperture facing the connecting member. The reflective shutter is disposed rotatably via a reflective shutter shaft, and the reflective shutter shaft is disposed perpendicularly to a plane of a reflective surface of the reflective shutter. The shutter is rotatably disposed via a shutter shaft, such that a combined shutter region results from projection in a direction of the optical axis to the image aperture, which is composed of a shutter region of the shutter and a shutter region of the reflective shutter.

Abstract: A shutter system for a movie camera or the like for controlling the film exposure including a main shutter wheel rotatably mounted on main drive shaft driven by a first motor and at least one adjustable shutter wheel positioned adjacent to and coaxially rotating with the main shutter wheel, the adjustable shutter wheel being mounted on a secondary shaft independently driven by a second motor. Both the aperture (determined by the relative positions of the shutter wheels of the main shutter wheel and adjustable shutter wheel) and the shutter speed are set by a controller which regulates the speed of each of the motors.

Abstract: In the disclosed moving picture camera with an adjustable rotary shutter, the shutter has a rotary shutter and an adjusting blade. The shutter adjusting blade is adjustable coaxially to the rotary shutter, which adjusts a shutter aperture angle. A transmission and a positioning motor adjust the adjusting blade relative to the rotary shutter. A potentiometer is connected to the shutter adjusting blade and to the rotary shutter, for measuring the position of the shutter adjustment blade in relation to the rotary shutter. The potentiometer generates a position signal indicating the actual position of the shutter adjustment blade in relation to the rotary shutter.

Abstract: A dynamic shutter mechanism for use with a still or motion video camera which is operable at variable shutter speeds to capture high speed events. The shutter mechanism includes a pair of apertured shutter discs which are independently driven by separate motors. Phase lock loop control circuits lock the speed and phase of each disc to the vertical and horizontal sync rates of the video camera. The video signal produced by the video camera produces a control signal which is indicative of the intensity of light of a captured scene. The control signal controls the speed of the shutter mechanism by changing the relative rotational position of the shutters and consequently the relative exposure aperture. In a preferred shutter mechanism the shutter discs are mounted coaxially and are driven by coaxial disc motors.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter for a video camera has a pair of disks rotated in the same direction about a common axis in synchronism with the raster scan blanking interval. The disks each have one or more openings which overlie one another to define a light admitting shutter aperture positioned to illuminate the video pickup device. An adjustment mechanism allows continuous adjustment of the shutter aperture while the disks are rotating. The adjustment mechanism has a slotted tube keyed to a pair of co-axial hub members which are adjustably rotated relative to one another when the slotted tube is moved axially.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter for a video camera has a pair of disks rotated in the same direction about a common axis in synchronism with the raster scan blanking interval. The disks each have one or more openings which overlie one another to define a light admitting shutter aperture positioned to illuminate the video pickup device. The opening in at least one of the disks is counterbalanced during rotation by a recessed relief area which does not extend through the disk, or by a weighted plate attached to the disk.

Abstract: For a given shutter size, the effective illumination or light transmission period is increased by one half that of the angles subtended by the aperture. This increase is accomplished by providing, in addition to a first shutter having an opaque section in the case of a camera of at least 180.degree., a second shutter having an opaque section of an angle equal to that subtended by the aperture. The second shutter is coaxially mounted with the first shutter and caused to rotate at twice the speed of the first shutter. By initially aligning the leading edges of the shutters with the start of the aperture, the aperture is effectively covered and uncovered in half the time which would normally be required by using a single shutter providing the same film transport period alone. As a consequence, the period of illumination is increased by the referred to one-half of the angle subtended by the aperture.

Abstract: Rotary shutter blade mechanism includes at least a shutter blade which rotates always in one direction. The driving energy of the shutter blade is recovered by a driving spring in the course of deceleration of the blade. An auxiliary actuating means is adapted to supply one directional rotative force to the driving shaft of the blade. A rotary cam means is secured to the driving shaft and has at its periphery at least one pair of accelerating portions and decelerating portions. A reciprocating lever means is pivotally mounted in the body portion of the mechanism. The lever means has a portion engageable with the accelerating and decelerating portions. A main actuating means urges the lever means so that the engaging portions may contact the rotary cam means. The driving shaft is locked when the respective foremost ends of the accelerating portions are engaged with the engaging portion of the lever means.