Abstract: A method of determining a schedule for a pointing device includes distributing targets among a plurality of groups and assigning schedules to the groups, after which the groups and group schedules are not modified. A partial pointing schedule is successively grown by selecting a list of remaining groups, and appending a best candidate sub-schedule for the list to the partial schedule. If a sub-schedule cannot be found for which the grown partial schedule meets all applicable requirements, the partial schedule is pruned to a previous state and a different, previously evaluated sub-schedule is appended to the pruned partial schedule to attempt re-growth. Groups, group schedules, lists, and sub-schedules can be selected according to values, dwell times, and/or windows of performance of the targets, groups, and sub-schedules. If no schedule is found that meets all requirements, a missed group can be excluded from the schedule.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a method for whole-time space-air-ground integrated hyperspectral stereoscopic remote sensing, tracing and prediction of greenhouse/pollution gas, comprising: performing remote sensing of multi-source heterogeneous data: utilizing a hyperspectral stereoscopic remote sensing device, a hyperspectral imaging device, a hyperspectral unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing device, a hyperspectral greenhouse gas remote sensing device based on grating light splitting and a night hyperspectral stereoscopic remote sensing device to perform the remote sensing of the multi-source heterogeneous greenhouse/pollution gas data; performing tracing and early warning of greenhouse/pollution gas components: progressively realizing tracing of greenhouse/pollution gas components at different locations based on the multi-source heterogeneous greenhouse/pollution gas data, and performing emission early warning according to a traced result; and performing stereo fusion and prediction of the multi

Abstract: A transmitter-receiver arrangement for measuring concentration of gas and/or for measuring pressure in a container headspace, wherein the transmitter-receiver arrangement defines a measuring zone accommodating the headspace, and the transmitter-receiver arrangement includes a transmitter to emit electromagnetic radiation covering a wavelength range including an absorption line of gas, a receiver of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range, the receiver and transmitter positioned respective to each other defining a path for the electromagnetic radiation from the transmitter to the receiver, a fixating element for fixating the transmitter-receiver arrangement to the apparatus or filling machine, an electrically controllable actuator arrangement causing at least one common shift of the transmitter and receiver, a shift of the transmitter relative to the receiver, a change in spatial orientation of the transmitter and receiver relative to the fixating element, and a change in spatial orientation of the t

Abstract: Methods and systems for safely and effectively supplying a beam of wireless power from a transmitter to at least one receiver. A delta signal is generated by repeatedly calculating the difference in power between the power of the beam emitted by the transmitter and the amount of power received at the receiver. The system dynamically generates a time delay, which is a time period shorter than the maximal exposure duration relating to safe exposure durations for the power level of the delta signal. If the time delay is exceeded, the system changes an operational parameter of the system, such as terminating the beam. Because of limitations to building a perfect timing system, the system is built to be more sensitive to time delays having longer safe exposure durations, with large delta signals having short safe exposure durations being responded to immediately and without significant regard to the time delay.

Abstract: A cleaning system and a cleaning method are provided. The cleaning system includes a main body, an air suctioning device, a light source, an optical sensor, a memory and a processing unit. The air suctioning device includes an air flow passage and a fan-motor assembly that is disposed in the air flow passage and generates a suction force to suction outside air through the air flow passage. The light source emit light to the air flow passage. The optical sensor captures a plurality of successive image frames from the air flow passage. The processing unit is configured to: obtain first and second image frames from the successive image frames; compare the first image frame with the second image frame to identify dust particles; obtain a particle feature of the dust particles; and determine a current cleanness condition according to the particle feature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synchronous detection system for a trace nitrogen-oxygen compound based on photoacoustic spectrometry, including a NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) detection air channel, a dust detection air channel and a double-photoacoustic spectrometry detection mechanism which are mutually connected in parallel; the NOx detection air channel includes a background interference detection air pipe, a NO2 detection air pipe and a NO detection air pipe that are mutually connected in parallel, and a NOx photoacoustic detection cavity; and the dust detection air channel includes a dust detection air pipe and a dust photoacoustic detection cavity communicating with the dust detection air pipe.

Abstract: An assembly (1) for measuring a relative humidity level inside a watch (2), comprising the watch (2) and a device (4) for determining the humidity level present in the enclosure (9) of a case (3) of this watch (2), the determination device (4) comprising a free space optical system and a control unit (7). The system includes: an emitter module (5) for emitting at least one light beam (8); and a receiver module (6) for receiving the at least one light beam (8); the control unit (7) being connected to the modules (5, 6) and the at least one light beam (8) emitted by the emitter module (5) defining an optical path partly comprised in the case (3) and extending as far as the receiver module (6) and the control unit (7) being configured to evaluate the absorption of the light beam (8) by the water vapour capable of being present inside the enclosure (9) of the case (3).

Abstract: A tomography duct for wind tunnels includes a plurality of light sources and sensors displaced around a support structure. The light sources are cycled and sensor measurements are made from sensors opposite the light sources. Tomographic algorithms are used to determine an extinction map from the sensor measurements. The extinction map provides details about particles in a cross-section of the air flow through the tomography duct.

Abstract: An image processing system may comprise a global shutter camera, an illumination emitter, and a processing system comprising at least one processor and memory. The processing system may be configured to control the image processing system to: control the illumination emitter to illuminate a scene; control the global shutter camera to capture a sequence of images of the scene, wherein the captured sequence of images includes images that are captured without illumination of the scene by the illumination emitter and images that are captured while the scene is illuminated by the illumination emitter; and determine presence of an object in the scene based on comparison of the images captured without illumination of the scene and images captured with illumination of the scene.

Abstract: A method is described for controlling a furnace containing a plurality of catalyst-containing tubes heated by a combustion gas generated by a plurality of burners, said method comprising the steps of: (i) measuring path-averaged combustion gas temperatures on multiple paths through the furnace using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, (ii) periodically measuring temperatures of surfaces within the furnace to obtain periodic surface temperature information, (iii) entering the path-averaged combustion gas temperatures and periodic surface temperature information into a computer model of the furnace, said model comprising parameters for controlling the furnace; and (iv) using the computer model and the temperature information to obtain optimised parameters for controlling the furnace. A system for performing the method is also described.

Abstract: A gas sensor comprises an enclosure configured to receive a gas. The enclosure comprises a sidewall extending, around a transverse axis, between a first wall and a second wall. The sensor also comprises a light source configured to emit a light wave that propagates in the enclosure and forms, from the light source, a first light cone. A measuring photodetector is configured to detect the light wave emitted by the light source and propagated through the enclosure. The first wall and the second wall each comprise at least one reflective surface, forming a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution. Each reflective surface is associated with a rank n, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: Layered coating applications for sensing telemetry are provided.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, a gas measurement apparatus includes a measurement controller (6), a spectrum generator (72), a processing unit (73), and a result obtaining unit (74). The measurement controller (6) controls the apparatus so that a laser-light source (1) causes laser light to be incident to an optical resonator (4) and a wavelength of the laser light is scanned within a predetermined wavelength range, the range including an absorption peak of a target component, thereby performing a CRDS measurement. The spectrum generator (72) generates an absorption spectrum based on data obtained at each wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range. The processing unit (73) approximates a waveform shape of the absorption peak of the target component in the absorption spectrum with a polynomial and acquires a coefficient of a term of a predetermined degree in the polynomial.

Abstract: Disclosed is a real-time dynamic and quantitative detection device for carbon dioxide in human exhaled air, which comprises: a face mask which comprises an air inlet and an air outlet; an inhalation channel connected with the air inlet of the face mask, a first one-way valve is provided in the inhalation channel; an exhalation channel connected with the air outlet of the face mask, a second one-way valve is provided in the exhalation channel; an air path switching element connected with the exhalation channel to realize the switching between an exhalation air path to be detected and an inflation air path; a detection air chamber connected with the exhalation channel, at least one carbon dioxide sensor connected with an external upper computer is provided in the detection air chamber; before detection, the air path switching element switches to the inflation air path to clean and initialize the detection air chamber; during detection, the air path switching element switches to the exhalation air path to be det

Abstract: A system and method indicate capability for detecting methane leaks inside buildings. This approach provides the ability to detect methane behind high efficiency coated windows and can extract methane concentration (rather than concentration-path length product CL). Lock-in imaging technologies can facilitate lower laser transmitter power. A field deployable, hand held prototype sensor for use in remote sensing a appropriate standoff distances can support operational testing. Distance infrared imaging of methane is feasible. Fully characterized real time image of a methane cloud offers operational advantages in accuracy and safety as compared to current sensors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are drawn to apparatuses and methods for anomalous gas concentration detection. A spectroscopic system, such as a wavelength modulated spectroscopy (WMS) system may measure gas concentrations in a target area. However, noise, such as speckle noise, may interfere with measuring relatively low concentrations of gas, and may lead to false positives. A noise model, which includes a contribution from a speckle noise model, may be used to process data from the spectroscopic system. An adaptive threshold may be applied based on an expected amount of noise. A speckle filter may remove measurements which are outliers based on a measurement of their noise. Plume detection may be used to determine a presence of gas plumes. Each of these processing steps may be associated with a confidence, which may be used to determine an overall confidence in the processed measurements/gas plumes.

Abstract: A tool arrangement is provided for accommodating portions of an optical tool in a park position, having an optical tool and having a housing with an opening suitable for accommodating portions of the optical tool in a housing interior, with a housing discharge connected to the housing in a fluid-conducting manner, and with a sealing sleeve arranged at the opening of the housing, wherein the sealing sleeve has a fluid-carrying line for adapting a variable fill volume of the sealing sleeve. In addition, a method is provided for accommodating portions of an optical tool in a park position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a self-aligned high finesse optical sensor cell for analyzing a gaseous sample using highly reflective optical mirrors with a light source and a detector coupled on either end of the cell, having flexibility and/or serviceability in self-aligning the highly reflective mirrors to the optical cell without any mechanical manipulations.

Abstract: This disclosure describes various system and methods for monitoring photons emitted by a heat source of an additive manufacturing device. Sensor data recorded while monitoring the photons can be used to predict metallurgical, mechanical and geometrical properties of a part produced during an additive manufacturing operation. In some embodiments, a test pattern can be used to calibrate an additive manufacturing device.

Abstract: Improved optical absorption spectroscopy of species having broad spectral features is provided by choosing frequencies to cover the spectral feature(s) of interest, where the frequencies are slightly adjusted as needed to avoid narrow spectral features from interfering chemical species (i.e., clutter). The resulting clutter avoidance provides improved optical spectroscopy of species having broad spectral features.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of detecting a trace gas is disclosed. The method includes containing the trace gas in an optical cavity. The method further includes injecting a first laser light from a first laser into the optical cavity causing the trace gas to transition from an energy state lower that a first excited energy state to the first excited energy state, and injecting a second laser light from a second laser into the optical cavity causing the trace gas to transition from the first excited energy state to a second excited energy state. The method includes measuring, by a detector, a first cavity ringdown intensity as a function of time after turning off the second laser with the first laser on, and a second cavity ringdown intensity as a function of time after turning off the second laser with the first laser off.

Abstract: A method of testing the structural integrity of a rigid container comprises performing a sampling process on the rigid container comprising sampling a volume of sample gas from a sampling region associated with the rigid container, wherein the method further comprises performing a detection process comprising producing one or more laser beams for excitation of one or more materials that may be in the volume of sample gas, wherein the one or more materials are representative of a gas and/or vapour and/or a liquid leak from the rigid container and detecting light that has passed through the volume of sample gas, and determining the presence and/or absence and/or amount of said one or more materials in the volume of sample gas based on detected light.

Abstract: A photoacoustic sensor (100) is capable of detecting a predefined target gas in an area (Um). A process is capable of detecting the target gas with the use of such a sensor (100). A sample chamber (3) holds a gas sample (Gp) to be tested. Electromagnetic waves (eW) from a radiation source (1) pass through the sample chamber (3) and the detection chamber (4). The waves elicit in the detection chamber (4) an acoustic effect, which is measured by an acoustic sensor (7). The acoustic effect is correlated with the concentration of the target gas in the sample chamber (3). The detection chamber (4) is fluid-tightly sealed, is free from target gas and is filled with a replacement gas (Eg). The transmission of the replacement gas (Eg) has a spectral response similar to that of the transmission of the target gas in a predefined target gas wavelength range.

Abstract: An extracorporeal blood gas exchange device has a bloodstream area for guiding a bloodstream, a gas-carrying area for guiding a gas flow, and a membrane, which forms a gas-liquid barrier between the bloodstream and the gas flow, and which further makes possible the transfer of carbon dioxide of the bloodstream into the gas flow. The device further has at least one measuring cuvette, which is separated from the bloodstream area at least partially by the membrane, so that carbon dioxide of the bloodstream can pass over into the measuring cuvette. The device has an optical measuring unit, which is configured to measure a carbon dioxide partial pressure present in the measuring cuvette.

Abstract: A sensor module for measuring a concentration of a gas by utilizing changes in an amount of absorbed light includes a light emitting device and a light receiving device configured to receive light emitted by the light emitting device, wherein the light emitting device and the light receiving device are disposed to face each other across a gap, wherein the light emitting device and the light receiving device are positioned such as to be exposed to the gas, and the gap forms part of a flow pathway of the gas, and wherein the gap is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 1.0 mm.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods involving Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR or lidar) systems. Namely, an example method includes causing a light source of a LIDAR system to emit light along an emission vector. The method also includes adjusting the emission vector of the emitted light and determining an elevation angle component of the emission vector. The method further includes dynamically adjusting a per pulse energy of the emitted light based on the determined elevation angle component. An example system includes a vehicle and a light source coupled to the vehicle. The light source is configured to emit light along an emission vector toward an environment of the vehicle. The system also includes a controller operable to determine an elevation angle component of the emission vector and dynamically adjust a per pulse energy of the emitted light based on the determined elevation angle component.

Abstract: There is provided a resonant cavity system. A first mirror is actuated at a first end of a resonant cavity to move in a direction between a first position relative to a second mirror at a second end of the resonant cavity, at which a cavity length between the first mirror and the second mirror is less than a resonance length for a laser beam, and a second position relative to the second mirror, at which the cavity length is greater than the resonance length. An event is triggered when the cavity length is proximal to the resonance length. The first mirror is continuously actuated to move in the direction between the first position and the second position during the event.

Abstract: A system to detect a position of a cannula may include a cannula, which may include a distal tip and an inner lumen. Also, the system may include an optical fiber, which may be disposed within the inner lumen of the cannula and may include a first end, a second end, and a U-shaped portion disposed between the first end and the second end. The U-shaped portion may be at least proximate the distal tip. Further, the system may include a light emitter, which may be coupled with the first end of the optical fiber, and a light receiver, which may be coupled with the second end of the optical fiber. Moreover, the system may include an electronic processor. The electronic processor may be coupled with the light receiver and configured to detect a decrease in an intensity of light received at the light receiver.

Abstract: A concentration measurement method is performed using a concentration measurement device comprising: a measurement cell for flowing a fluid to be measured; a light source for generating light incident on the measurement cell; a photodetector for detecting light emitted from the measurement cell; an arithmetic unit for calculating the absorbance and concentration of the fluid to be measured based on an output of the photodetector; and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluid to be measured.

Abstract: The technology relates to devices and methods thereof for the detection of one or more biomarkers from a user's exhaled breath. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a device comprising a metered dose inhaler, and a sensor that detects one or more biomarkers comprising HFA, CO2, and NO. In another embodiment, the device detects HFA, CO2 and NO simultaneously by photoacoustic spectroscopy. In another embodiment, the device may be used as part of an overall treatment regimen for asthma or COPD.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for measuring concentrations of trace gases in gas mixtures using the absorption spectroscopy method. The system comprising an optical cell containing a gas mixture, a continuous-wave tunable laser, a detector system for measuring an absorption of laser light by the gas in the optical cell, and a processor to conduct an absorption spectroscopy analysis of the gas mixture based on light intensity measured by the detector system at one or more laser frequencies.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant characterized by having a low GWP, low flammability, a COP equivalent to that of R410A, and a refrigerating capacity almost equivalent to that of R410A. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO2 (R744), hexafluoropropene (FO-1216), and at least one compound A selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), trans-1,2-difluoroethylene [(E)-HFO-1132], cis-1,2-difluoroethylene [(Z)-HFO-1132], fluoroethylene (HFO-1141), and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne (TFP).

Abstract: A radiation field measuring device for the characterization of a radiation comprises a detector device and a reconstruction device. The detector device may have at least one detector camera, which contains at least one detector array arranged for the image recording of scattered radiation in a multiplicity of lateral directions that deviate from the longitudinal direction. The reconstruction device may be configured for the tomographic reconstruction of a field density of the scattered radiation in the radiation field.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing agent concentration measuring system having a first window, a second window positioned relative to the first window thereby defining a sensing volume between the first window and the second window, and a structure positioned relative to the first window and the second window configured to cause fluid flowing into the sensing volume from an environment within which the fire extinguishing agent concentration measuring system is placed to swirl within the sensing volume.

Abstract: A cavity ring down measurement system comprising a light source in optical communication with a detector through an optical cavity wherein the detector is in electronic communication through a gating circuit with a first integrating circuit and a second integrating circuit, controlled to obtain a ring up signal simultaneous with a ring down signal of a plurality of ON-OFF cycles over a single period of time. A process to utilize the system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tomography duct for wind tunnels includes a plurality of light sources and sensors displaced around a support structure. The light sources are cycled and sensor measurements are made from sensors opposite the light sources. Tomographic algorithms are used to determine an extinction map from the sensor measurements. The extinction map provides details about particles in a cross-section of the air flow through the tomography duct.

Abstract: Disclosed is a connecting device for connecting a gas sensor to a gas leak detector. The gas sensor includes an elongate sensor housing. The gas leak detector includes at least one gas connector adapted to be connected to the gas sensor. A guide rail connects to the gas leak detector, engaging with the sensor housing such that the gas connectors engage with at least one complementary second gas connector. A fastening claw includes two elastic spring legs arranged at one of the sensor housing and the gas leak detector. Each of the two spring legs includes a latching boss engaging the frontal end of the gas sensor opposite the second gas connector and a spreading element having two retaining arms. Each retaining arm includes a pulling edge, an inclined insertion portion along which the latching boss grips and pivots the spring leg, and an inclined disengagement portion.

Abstract: A photonic resonator analyzer characterizes a photonic resonator and incudes a light source that provides a probe light; a photonic resonator that receives the probe light and produces product light; an optical detector that receives the product light and produces a product signal; a mode analyzer that receives the product signal and produces a resonator spectrum; and a spectral analyzer that receives the resonator spectrum, performs regression by fitting a non-parametric model to the resonator spectrum, and produces a thermal response function of the photonic resonator from fitting the non-parametric model to the resonator spectrum to characterize the photonic resonator.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for the robust passive detection of airborne toxins using a colorimetric sensor coating onto a optically transparent substrate. In certain embodiments, the substrate is affixed to an adhesive material (tape). In certain embodiments, the sensor and substrate are transparent. In various embodiments, multiple sensors are coated onto selected substrate for the simultaneous detection of multiple toxins. In various embodiments, the sensed or detected toxins include a number of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. In various implementations, the tape is affixed to a remote surface, which may be visually monitored by a camera directly by focusing the camera on the tape or may be affixed to a camera lens by an adhesive backing, such that colorimetric sensor changes may be observed through the lens itself.

Abstract: An infrared device comprises a substrate. A configuration for emitting infrared radiation is supported by the substrate. The configuration comprises an electrically conducting layer arrangement of less than 50 nm thickness between dielectric layers. In addition, a heater arranged for heating the configuration to emit the infrared radiation is supported by the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for measuring the isotope ratios of one or more trace gases based on optical absorption spectroscopy methods. The system includes an optical cavity containing a gas. The system also includes a laser optically coupled with the optical cavity, and a detector system for measuring absorption of laser light by the gas in the cavity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining a content of a hydrocarbon or other compound, such as a C3 to C7 hydrocarbon, in a condensed steam sample. Cooled steam condensate can be flowed through a sample chamber including an inner overflow tube. When the flow stops, water can be drained from the sample chamber, and then the sample chamber can be opened to allow fluid communication with a vapor chamber above the sample chamber. This can allow hydrocarbons in the condensed steam (and/or other gas) to be transferred from the sample chamber into the vapor chamber. The vapor chamber can then be isolated from the sample chamber. At least a portion of the content of the vapor chamber can then be passed to a detection volume, such as the characterization cell for a gas chromatography system.

Abstract: An unmanned vehicle operated autonomously or by remotely piloting incorporates an onboard camera which is affixed with clear tape coated with a chemical colorimetric sensor dye sensitive to chemical warfare agents. Chemical warfare agents are detected by visual review or autonomous measurement of sensor color changes while the unmanned vehicle travels through a region suspected of having chemical warfare agents present. In various implementations, the sensor output color changes may be visually monitored by a vehicle operator viewing the camera image from a remote location. In various embodiments, the detection of chemical warfare agents may be confirmed by processing the coated tape with a calibrated opto-electronic reader.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a fluorine-containing organic compound. The method can immediately detect the occurrence of a side reaction in direct fluorination reaction using fluorine gas and can give a highly pure fluorine-containing organic compound at a high yield. A raw material liquid (1) containing a raw material organic compound having a hydrogen atom and two or more carbon atoms is reacted with fluorine gas in a reaction container (11) to replace the hydrogen atom of the raw material organic compound with a fluorine atom to give a fluorine-containing organic compound. In the reaction, tetrafluoromethane contained in a gas phase (2) in the reaction container (11) is continuously measured, and the amount of the fluorine gas supplied to the reaction container (11) is controlled depending on the measured value of the tetrafluoromethane.

Abstract: There is provided a moving body risk assessment device including a moving body detection unit that detects presence or movement of a moving body within an imaging range on the basis of image information imaged in a wavelength region different from a visible region, and a risk assessment unit that assesses a risk to the detected moving body from the image information and a result of the moving body detection obtained by the moving body detection unit.

Abstract: A device may determine a calibration value for a spectrometer using light from a first light source; deactivate the first light source after determining the calibration value; perform measurement with regard to a sample based on the calibration value, wherein the measurement of the sample is performed using light from a second light source; determine that the calibration value is to be updated; and update the calibration value using the light from the first light source.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting sulfur fires that comprises a remote infrared or microwave sensor to detect sulfur dioxide gas and provide an unsupervised remote daytime and nighttime sulfur fire-watch, hot spot detection, early sulfur fire prevention, sulfur fire detection, or sulfur fire control of unattended combustible sulfur blocks, sulfur stockpiles, sulfur plants, or equipment using remote sensing devices that includes detection, measurement and analysis of electromagnetic radiation to determine the presence of sulfur dioxide gas.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are drawn to apparatuses and methods for anomalous gas concentration detection. A spectroscopic system, such as a wavelength modulated spectroscopy (WMS) system may measure gas concentrations in a target area. However, noise, such as speckle noise, may interfere with measuring relatively low concentrations of gas, and may lead to false positives. A noise model, which includes a contribution from a speckle noise model, may be used to process data from the spectroscopic system. An adaptive threshold may be applied based on an expected amount of noise. A speckle filter may remove measurements which are outliers based on a measurement of their noise. Plume detection may be used to determine a presence of gas plumes. Each of these processing steps may be associated with a confidence, which may be used to determine an overall confidence in the processed measurements/gas plumes.

Abstract: Improved cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy is provided using a piecewise tunable laser by using a lookup table for laser tuning that is configured specifically for this application. In preferred embodiments this is done in combination with a laser control strategy that provides precise wavelength determination using cavity modes of the instrument as a reference.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons on-chip are provided. Microresonators are also provided for producing such solitons. The solitons may be enabled by real-time dynamical measurements on frequency combs. Methods are further provided to determine the temporal structure of the intracavity field in both the fast time axis, with ultrafast time-lens magnifiers at 600 fs timing resolutions, and the slow time axis via optical sampling with a synchronized fiber frequency comb reference. An order-of-magnitude enlarged stability zone of the dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons is achieved versus the static regimes.