Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprising: a decision unit configured to decide a first color mapping method to a print color gamut for a first partial original based on a pixel value included in the first partial original and the print color gamut of a print unit and decide a second color mapping method to a print color gamut for a second partial original based on a pixel value included in the second partial original and the print color gamut of the print unit; and a color conversion unit configured to perform color conversion of the first partial original by the first color mapping method decided, and perform color conversion of the second partial original by the second color mapping method decided.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for the computer-aided performance of color space transformations with high accuracy that provides a result which is as close as possible to the original. The source color space includes n colors, the target color space includes m values, and combinations of the m components of the target color space are assigned to at least some combinations of the n colors of the source color space via the transformation rule TRV.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses methods and systems for detecting an IR security mark in a document based on known color information and halftone frequency information. The method includes receiving a document from a user, including an IR security mark. Then, location information, color information and halftone frequency information are received from the user. The document is scanned. Based on the color information and the location information, the IR security mark is extracted from the scanned document. After this, halftone frequency information of the extracted IR security mark is verified. Based on the verification, text in the extracted IR security mark is identified and is then compared with one or more pre-stored IR security marks to ascertain whether the IR security mark in the document is an authentic security mark.

Abstract: A spot color adjustment system allows an operator to adjust spot colors through the use of test charts printed at a printing device. A target color swatch is determined from a first spot color. A test chart is generated based on the target color swatch that includes a plurality of rings of color swatches centered on the target color swatch. Each ring of color swatches is positioned around the target color swatch at an adjustment value. The adjustment value for each ring of color swatches corresponds to a color change from the target color swatch. The system allows for determining a number of rings of color swatches depending on a selected paper size. The outer rings of a large number of rings of color include intermediary color swatches. A midpoint color is determined from a plurality of selected color swatches. The system provides color swatches showing gray component replacement.

Abstract: A determination device selects a determination area included in a captured image acquired by an imaging data acquisition device, extracts a determination image of a preset target color from the selected determination area, binarizes gradation data of the target color in pixel regions constituting the extracted determination image by using a binarization threshold suitable for each determination area to acquire binarized reference binary data of the determination image, converts the gradation data of the target color in the pixel regions constituting the extracted determination image with respect to a dark portion of the determination image to acquire converted gradation data, binarizes the acquired converted gradation data by using the binarization threshold to acquire comparison binary data, and acquires, based on comparing the reference binary data with the comparison binary data, a determination value for determining a printing method used to produce a printed surface of a printed product.

Abstract: A method of measuring chromaticity of a target object is implemented using a computer device that stores a plurality of light source spectrum datasets each associated with a specific object. The method includes: obtaining a captured color image of the target object; generating a spectral image based on the captured color image using a spectral transformation matrix; obtaining one of the plurality of light source spectrum datasets that is associated with the target object; and calculating a chromaticity dataset of the target object based on the spectral image and the one of the plurality of light source spectrum datasets.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for generating color video from a dual-context camera. A dual-context camera provides a first series of video frames encoded in accordance with a full color model and a second series of video frames encoded in accordance with an underdetermined color model. The two series of video frames are interleaved as to form a series of pairs of frames, each comprising a color video frame and an underdetermined video frame. An image merger generates a composite image for each pair of frames in the series of frames. The composite image includes a set of brightness values from the underdetermined video frame and a set of chrominance values from the color video frame. A color video source replaces the underdetermined image in each of the series of pairs of frames with the composite image generated for the pair of frames to provide a color video stream.

Abstract: A first content image and a second content image is acquired, a first content image has first color information, a first pattern image having a first color scheme is determined based on the first color information, the first content image is displayed on a screen, the first pattern image is displayed on the screen after displaying the first content image, and the second content image is displayed on the screen after displaying the first pattern image.

Abstract: A digital broadcast receiving apparatus capable of executing a function with a higher added value is provided. A broadcast receiving apparatus configured to receive contents includes: a receiving unit configured to receive the contents; an interface via which the contents received by the receiving unit is outputted; a control unit configured to control an output state of the contents from the interface. In this case, the control unit is configured to determine the output state of the contents from the interface in accordance with a combination of control information indicating a copy control state of the contents, control information for specifying necessity or not of protection when to output the contents, information indicating resolution of video of the contents, and information indicating transmission characteristics of video of the contents, which are received by the receiving unit together with the contents.

Abstract: A spot color adjustment system allows an operator to adjust spot colors through the use of test charts printed at a printing device. A target color swatch is determined from a first spot color. A test chart is generated based on the target color swatch that includes a plurality of rings of color swatches centered on the target color swatch. Each ring of color swatches is positioned around the target color swatch at an adjustment value. The adjustment value for each ring of color swatches corresponds to a color change from the target color swatch. The system allows for determining a number of rings of color swatches depending on a selected paper size. The outer rings of a large number of rings of color include intermediary color swatches. A midpoint color is determined from a plurality of selected color swatches. The system provides color swatches showing gray component replacement.

Abstract: Image recognition may include obtaining a first image, segmenting the first image into a plurality of first regions by using a target model, and searching for a target region among bounding boxes in the first image that use points in the first regions as centers. The target region is a bounding box in the first image in which a target object is located. The target model is a pre-trained neural network model configured to recognize from an image, a region in which the target object is located. The target model is obtained through training by using positive samples with a region in which the target object is located marked and negative samples with a region in which a noise is located marked. The target region is marked in the first image to improve accuracy of target object detection in an image.

Abstract: A spot color adjustment system allows an operator to adjust spot colors through the use of test charts printed at a printing device. A target color swatch is determined from a first spot color. A test chart is generated based on the target color swatch. The test chart includes a plurality of rings of color swatches centered on the target color swatch. Each ring of color swatches is positioned around the target color swatch at an adjustment value. The adjustment value for each ring of color swatches corresponds to a color change from the target color swatch. The number of color swatches in each ring increases as they extend away from the target color swatch. A subsequent color swatch is selected having a second spot color from one of the color swatches. A new test chart is generated based on the second spot color of the subsequent color swatch.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to computer storage, methods, and systems for the optimization of accessible color themes. Systems and methods are disclosed that leverage the use of confusion lines to identify and highlight relationships between colors that may be inaccessible (e.g., indistinguishable) for a person with a vision impairment, such as a color vision deficiency. In some embodiments, a graphical user interface is provided that, based on a selection of colors in a color wheel, visually indicates curves of confusion for each color in the selection of colors. Each curve of confusion visually indicates a confusion of colors for a type of vision impairment, such as a CVD.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus according to the present invention includes an image forming unit configured to form an image, a measuring unit configured to measure the formed image, a control unit configured to control execution of a single-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a single-color formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a single-color image formed with a single-color recording agent and execution of a multi-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a multi-color image formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a multi-color formed with a plurality of recording agents, and a selection unit configured to select whether to cause the control unit to perform the multi-color calibration after completing the single-color calibration or cause the control unit to perform any one of the single-color calibration and the multi-color calibration.

Abstract: A maintenance method for a laboratory system comprising a first and second group of laboratory instruments for processing biological samples, data collection components connected to the groups of instruments, and a remote maintenance system connected to the data collection components is presented.

Abstract: A medical device that includes a sensor including a filter array. The sensor is configured to capture a raw image and the filter array is configured to filter the raw image into a frame of raw pixel values including first, second, and third pixel values. The medical device includes non-transitory computer readable medium storing demosaicing instructions that, when executed, causes a processor to exclude the first pixel values from the frame of raw pixel values. The processor generates estimated second pixel values at locations of the excluded first pixel values and the third pixel values on the frame, and generates estimated third pixel values at locations of the excluded first pixel values and the second pixel values on the frame. The processor creates a processed image having a partial-resolution frame from the second pixel values, estimated second pixel values, third pixel values, and estimated third pixel values.

Abstract: For determining a match factor regarding color match of a printed product with target values for colors, measuring fields of a printout are spectrally measured and actual measured values of the printout recorded. The target values are compared with actual measured values by determining for the printed product a color value axis from a unique color value as a start point to a second unique color value as end point and interpolation points between the first and second unique color values; determining target values for start and end points and interpolation points; determining actual measured values for start and end points and interpolation points of the printout from the actual measured values; determining a distance value representing the distance between target value and actual measured value for each start point, end point, and interpolation point; and calculating and outputting the match factor as statistical average of the distance values.

Abstract: An information loss determiner in an image processing device determines whether character collapse has occurred in a simple binarized image. If character collapse has not occurred in the simple binarized image, an image processing determiner selects simple binarization processing as the image processing method of output image data. If character collapse has occurred in the simple binarized image, the process proceeds to photograph area size determination. If the ratio of a photograph area size is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the information loss determiner determines that character collapse has occurred in a posterization processed image. If character collapse has occurred in the posterization processed image, the image processing determiner selects grayscale processing. If character collapse has not occurred in the posterization processed image, the image processing determiner selects posterization processing.

Abstract: A image of a target is obtained and processed to find changes in the target which represent projectiles hitting the target, and that target is then scored.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a scanner to read each of a first output product serving as a model and a second output product output from the image forming apparatus; a memory that stores a color conversion lookup table to be used when color conversion is performed from a RGB color system into a CMYK color system; and circuitry to correct the color conversion lookup table based on a number of pixels and an amount of change per hue, using read information on the first output product, and re-correct the corrected color conversion lookup table, using read information on the second output product.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a multi-primary color system for display. A multi-primary color system increases the number of primary colors available in a color system and color system equipment. Increasing the number of primary colors reduces metameric errors from viewer to viewer. One embodiment of the multi-primary color system includes Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Yellow, and Magenta primaries. The systems of the present invention maintain compatibility with existing color systems and equipment and provide systems for backwards compatibility with older color systems.

Abstract: A method and an intersection testing module for performing intersection testing of a ray with a box in a ray tracing system. The ray and the box are defined in a 3D space using a space-coordinate system, and the ray is defined with a ray origin and a ray direction. A ray-coordinate system is used to perform intersection testing, wherein the ray-coordinate system has an origin at the ray origin, and the ray-coordinate system has three basis vectors. A first of the basis vectors is aligned with the ray direction. A second and a third of the basis vectors: (i) are both orthogonal to the first basis vector, (ii) are not parallel with each other, and (iii) have a zero as one component when expressed in the space-coordinate system. A result of performing the intersection testing is outputted for use by the ray tracing system.

Abstract: A method and an intersection testing module for performing intersection testing of a ray with a convex polygon in a ray tracing system. The ray and the convex polygon are defined in a 3D space using a space-coordinate system. The ray is defined with a ray origin and a ray direction. A ray-coordinate system is used to perform intersection testing, wherein the ray-coordinate system has an origin at the ray origin, and wherein the ray-coordinate system has three basis vectors. A first of the basis vectors is aligned with the ray direction. A second and a third of the basis vectors: (i) are both orthogonal to the first basis vector, (ii) are not parallel with each other, and (iii) have a zero as one component when expressed in the space-coordinate system. A result of performing the intersection testing is outputted for use by the ray tracing system.

Abstract: Example color resources are generated. A first luminosity amount of a greyscale color in a greyscale color space is determined. The greyscale color corresponds with a transformation of a source color in a first color space converted to the greyscale color. The source color corresponding with a depletion color in a second color space, and the depletion color has a second luminosity amount. A target color in a color resource is generated via adjusting a black channel amount in the depletion color to match the second luminosity amount with the first luminosity amount. The target color to correspond with the source color in the color resource.

Abstract: An object is to match the texture of a printed material, in addition to the tint, between different printing devices. In order to implement this object, a printed material output by a destination device is scanned and whether a certain area in image data obtained by the scan is an area printed in K color on the printed material or an area printed in CMY color mixture is determined. Then, based on the determination results, a printing parameter is determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to an embedded system for printing on colored background based on automatic generation of white underbase including printing ink separations. The system comprising: an embedded apparatus for receiving input data respecting an image printable on the colored background. The image constitutes a color or a grayscale containing transparency information. The apparatus processes the input data and outputs white underbase information including printing ink separation; a dual-acting device capable of acting in a first aspect as a plate making or film generating means in respect of offline printing, and in a second aspect acting as a print controller in respect of online printing. The system also includes a printing device, which can be an offset printing device, a screen printing device, a hybrid printing device when offline printing being adapted; and/or, an inkjet printer, a laser printer or a toner-based printer when online printing being resorted.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories storing program instructions, which, when being executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate a print image to be printed on a sheet of paper and a position correcting mark for front and back side registration having a brightness lower than a minimum brightness of the print image; control printing of the print image and the position correcting mark on a first side of the sheet of paper; control reading the print image and the position correcting mark from the first side and control generating of read image data; and detect, from the read image data, the position correcting mark on the first side using a brightness difference.

Abstract: An electronic device is described, that includes a processing logic configured to receive input image data and generate output image data having a different format from the input image data using an artificial neural network model. The artificial neural network model includes a plurality of encoding layer units, including a plurality of layers located at a plurality of levels, respectively. The artificial neural network model also includes a plurality of decoding layer units including a plurality of layers and configured to form skip connections with the plurality of encoding layer units at the same levels. A first encoding layer unit of a first level receives a first input feature map and outputs a first output feature map. A first output feature map is based on the first input feature map, to a subsequent encoding layer unit and a decoding layer unit at the first level.

Abstract: An example of an apparatus including a communication interface to receive an image file is provided. The image file represents a scanned image of a output generated by a printing device. The apparatus further includes an identification engine to process the image file with a convolutional neural network model to identify a feature. The feature may be indicative of a potential failure. The apparatus also includes an image analysis engine to indicate a life expectancy of a part associated with the potential failure based on the feature. The image analysis engine uses the convolutional neural network model to determine life expectancy.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus according to the present invention includes an image forming unit configured to form an image, a measuring unit configured to measure the formed image, a control unit configured to control execution of a single-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a single-color formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a single-color image formed with a single-color recording agent and execution of a multi-color calibration to be performed to correct reproduction characteristics of a multi-color image formed by the image forming unit based on a measuring result of a multi-color formed with a plurality of recording agents, and a selection unit configured to select whether to cause the control unit to perform the multi-color calibration after completing the single-color calibration or cause the control unit to perform any one of the single-color calibration and the multi-color calibration.

Abstract: An image processing device includes an input device which receives image adjustment selections from an associated user interface device. Memory of the device stores a user interface generator, which generates a background adjustment selector for presenting to a user on the user interface device; a background adjustment component which, for each of a plurality of pixels of an input image computes adjusted color values, as a function of at least one of: (a) a background adjustment factor computed for the respective pixel, and (b) a background class derived from the computed background adjustment factor, the background adjustment factor being a function of a background strength of the pixel and a luminance strength of the pixel; and an image output component outputs an output image derived from the adjusted color values for the plurality of pixels. A processor implements the background adjustment component and image output component.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a processor configured to: receivably display, as options, plural generation conditions each with a different balance among plural effects including gradation and color reproducibility, the plural generation conditions each being a condition for generating a color conversion profile with values in a device-independent color system as input and values of colors in a device-dependent color system including a spot color as output; and generate a color conversion profile based on a generation condition received as an option.

Abstract: A color printing system includes a color management service and one or more printing devices. An ink limit is specified for a calibration operation that uses a calibration chart to obtain measurement data. Using the measurement data, a calibration tone reproduction curve (TRC) along with calibration settings is generated. The calibration TRC and the ink limit are stored. For a print job, the calibration is identified and used to retrieve the calibration TRC and the ink limit. The original ICC profile for the calibration TRC also is provided. The ink limit is used to adjust the ICC profile accordingly. The adjusted ICC profile is used for color printing one or more documents for a print job.

Abstract: A method of color mapping color values of an oligochromatic pattern comprising the following steps: determining an image-gamut, in a N-dimensional device independent color system (ND-DICS), of said oligochromatic pattern; wherein said image-gamut comprises said color values of said oligochromatic pattern; and determining a skeleton (500) of said image-gamut; and performing an adaption on said skeleton (500) in said ND-DICS by a set of N-dimensional-transforming steps (30) and determining for points of said skeleton (500), a path in said ND-DICS that corresponds to said adaption; and color mapping said color values, of said oligochromatic pattern, based on said determined paths (35) of said points of said skeleton (500).

Abstract: The present application discloses a driving method and driving system of a display panel, and a display device. The driving method includes: converting the first color signal to obtain a first HSV (hue, saturation, value) spatial signal; obtaining a second HSV spatial signal; reducing the minimum value of the first brightness normalized signals according to the second HSV spatial signal to obtain second brightness normalized signals; converting the second brightness normalized signals to obtain a second color signal; and driving the display panel using the second color signal.

Abstract: Techniques, devices, and systems to improve detection and security of a displayed image on a screen of a computer device, such as a device, including detection of an object in an environment, where the object has an inverse-colorspace relationship in relation to the colorspace of the environment. A system includes: a first camera device configured to determine a first underlying colorspace corresponding to an environment, a second camera device configured to determine a second underlying colorspace corresponding to either i) an actual change in the environment or ii) a predicted change in the environment, and a computer device configured to determine an inverse colorspace of at least one of i) the first underlying colorspace or ii) the second underlying colorspace and configured to detect an object in the environment based on the inverse colorspace determination.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to an electronic device for adjusting voltage and an operation method therefor. The electronic device may comprise: a display; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: identify first information which relates to the brightness of at least one first content included in a first image layer and is to be displayed using the display, and second information which relates to the brightness of at least one second content included in a second image layer and is to be displayed using the display; adjust the brightness of the second content at least on the basis of a difference between the first information and the second information; and in a state where the second image layer is superimposed on the first image layer including the first content, display the at least one first content, and the second content the brightness of which has been adjusted, using the display. Other embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: There is provided an image representation method, including: converting a to-be-converted image from a first color space to a second color space; acquiring a target conversion color ratio corresponding to each pixel of the to-be-converted image and including ratios of plural target conversion colors, according to a color ratio allocation table based on the second color space; creating an array corresponding to the pixel according to the target conversion color ratio; calculating an index value corresponding to the pixel according to a position of the pixel in the to-be-converted image, and inputting the index value to the array as a subscript of the array, to acquire an element of the array as a target value corresponding to the pixel; and determining a target conversion color of the pixel according to the target value, to acquire a converted image including the plural target conversion colors.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described for processing video. Video content comprising a plurality of frames may be received. One or more of luminance pixel data associated with a frame of the plurality of frames and chrominance pixel data associated with the frame may be determined. A viewing parameter associated with playback of the video content may be determined. A contrast sensitivity function (CSF) may be determined based on the frame, the one or more of the luminance pixel data and the chrominance pixel data, and the viewing parameter. A filtered frame may be determined based on the CSF and by applying a filter to a spatial frequency band associated with the frame. The filtered frame may be caused to be output.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for selecting target data. The method of selecting target data may include steps of grouping data included in a database into objects each being a minimum process processing unit based on dependency between tables within the database, setting a selection criterion for target data based on at least one field of the data included in the database, and extracting target data corresponding to the set selection criterion by taking into consideration dependency between tables included in the object.

Abstract: Methods and systems for training and utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN) are provided. In an example method, a computing device can receive an image pair, where a first image of the image pair includes a training image and a second image of the image pair includes a ground truth image. The computing device can provide instances of the first image to a plurality of image filtering modules and determine respective filtered representations of the first image using the plurality of image filtering modules. The computing device can indirectly train an adaptor ANN by applying the adaptor ANN on the respective filtered representations to produce an adapted representation; determining, using a trained colorization ANN, a colorized image from the adapted representation; and updating weights of the adaptor ANN based on a loss function that comprises a difference between the colorized image and the second image of the image pair.

Abstract: A computing system and method for neural network-based image colorization is provided. The computing system obtains a reference color image by selective application of a color effect on a region of interest of an input image and controls a display device to display a first node graph on a Graphical User Interface of an image/video editing application. The first node graph includes a colorization node representing a first workflow for colorization of at least a first object in grayscale images of a first image feed. The computing system selects the reference color image based on a user input and executes the first workflow associated with the colorization node by feeding the reference color image and the first image feed as an input to a neural network-based colorization model. The computing system receives a second image feed comprising colorized images as output of the neural network-based colorization model for the input.

Abstract: Weights of a neural network are initialized by programming a plurality of unit cells. A given one of the plurality of unit cells includes one or more static random-access memory cells and a digital to analog converter device. The digital to analog converter device is configured to receive one or more outputs produced by respective ones of the one or more static random-access memory cells. An amount of error associated with the initialized weights is determined. The initialized weights are adjusted in response to the amount of error exceeding a threshold amount of error.

Abstract: A common profile is prepared that, in a device-independent first color system, converts image data of a color space that is representable by the first color system into image data of a color space that is commonly representable by the plurality of printing devices, and first image data representing an image to be printed is converted into second image data by using the common profile, where the image is represented by the first color system. Then, the second image data is converted into third image data by using an output profile, where the third image data is image data of a second color system that depends on a specific printing device designated from among a plurality of printing devices and the output profile is unique to the designated specific printing device. The third image data thus obtained is output to the designated specific printing device and printed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image processing apparatus including: a derivation unit configured to derive a target luminance characteristic based on a viewing condition of an image and a print luminance characteristic predicted based a reflection characteristic corresponding to data thereon; a unit configured to generate print image data on an image by converting input image data by using a tone conversion characteristic that is set based on these characteristics, in which the derivation unit derives, in a case where a reproduction range of an illumination intensity in the print luminance characteristic is different, the target luminance characteristic so that a liner area of an output luminance in a case where the reproduction range is relatively large becomes large.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to creating ICC printer profiles with unorthodox ink limits. A printing device may initially print a color profile chart represented by color combinations that are equal to or below an ink limit and generate a first ICC profile based on the color profile chart. The first ICC profile uses a first color set to map input colors of a source color space to output colors of a destination color space. At least one color of the first color set, however, may be represented by a color combination that exceeds the ink limit and thus the printing device may determine a second color set based on the first color set. For the second color set, each color is represented by a color combination that is equal to or below the ink limit. A second ICC profile may be generated to use the second color set.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for image scaling with enhanced compression. One embodiment is a processor that receives an instruction to scale an input image to create an output image that is higher in resolution, and analyzes rows of the input image in sections according to a run length of a predetermined number of consecutive pels. For each run length of consecutive pels, the processor determines a cluster of adjacent pels within the run length having a color intensity value within a threshold range, and determines a replacement intensity value for the cluster based on at least one color intensity value of a pel in the cluster. The processor creates the output image by: upscaling the cluster by the scale factor to multiply a number of pels in the cluster, and changing an intensity value of all pels in the cluster to the replacement intensity value.

Abstract: To make it possible to specify a color space of image data even in a case where color space identification information is not attached to the image data. The image processing system that handles image data whose color spaces are different comprises a learning unit configured to perform machine learning by taking image data and metadata thereof as input data and color space identification information as supervised data. In the machine learning, a learning model is optimized so that a deviation between the color space predicted from the input data and the color space specified by the color space identification information becomes a minimum.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for non-linear color correction. The method including receiving an input image from an image sensor, converting the input image from a red, green, blue (RGB) color space format to an alternate color space format, determining localized hue correction parameters for a selected color in the alternate color space, determining localized saturation correction parameters for a selected hue in the alternate color space, applying the localized hue correction parameters and the localized saturation correction parameters to the input image to generate an output image and storing, displaying, or transmitting the output image based on at least the localized hue correction parameters and the localized saturation correction parameters.

Abstract: A computer system for identifying coating texture effects initiates a set of colorant decision points. The colorant decision points identify a probability that an effect pigment type is present within a target coating. The computer system calculates in parallel each colorant decision point within the set of colorant decision points. Each colorant decision point provides a probability that a different effect pigment type is present within the target coating. The computer system then calculates a set of final colorant probabilities. Each final colorant probability within the set of final colorant probabilities is calculated by combining a unique subset of probabilities calculated by the first set of colorant decision points. Additionally, each final colorant probability indicates a probability that an associated colorant is present within the target coating.