Abstract: A component of a bone conduction device, such as a passive transcutaneous bone conduction device or an active transcutaneous bone conduction device, or a percutaneous bone conduction device, used to evoke a hearing percept comprising a housing and a bender apparatus located in the housing, wherein the bender apparatus is a device of a piezoelectric bender.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a base which includes a main surface; a movable mirror which includes a mirror surface; a first and a second elastic support portions which support the movable mirror so as to be movable along a first direction perpendicular to the main surface; an actuator which moves the movable mirror; and a first optical function portion which is disposed at one side of the movable mirror in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first elastic support portion includes a pair of first levers extending from the movable mirror toward both sides of the first optical function portion in a third direction perpendicular to the first and the second directions. A length of each of first levers in the second direction is larger than the shortest distance between an outer edge of the mirror surface and an edge of the first optical function portion.

Abstract: The invention provides an elastomeric optical device having a first optical state and a second optical state. The device is transparent when in the first optical state and translucent or opaque when in the second optical state. The device comprises, in sequence, a first transparent electrode, a dielectric layer, an elastomer layer, and a second transparent electrode. The elastomer layer preferably has certain mechanical properties, such as a Shore OOO hardness of less than 15, and/or certain chemical properties, such as being substantially devoid of unreacted sites. The second transparent electrode is configured to compress the elastomer layer in response to an electric field between the first and second transparent electrodes, such that when the elastomeric optical device is in the second optical state, the elastomer layer is compressed between the first and second transparent electrodes. Methods of operating an elastomeric optical device are also provided.

Abstract: An example device includes a nanovoided polymer element, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The nanovoided polymer element may be located at least in part between the first electrode and the second electrode. In some examples, the nanovoided polymer element may include anisotropic voids. In some examples, anisotropic voids may be elongated along one or more directions. In some examples, the anisotropic voids are configured so that a polymer wall thickness between neighboring voids is generally uniform. Example devices may include a spatially addressable electroactive device, such as an actuator or a sensor, and/or may include an optical element. A nanovoided polymer layer may include one or more polymer components, such as an electroactive polymer.

Abstract: An optical detection system includes a sample portion accommodating a sample, a wave source emitting waves to the sample portion, an optical portion provided on a path of an output wave output from the sample portion, and comprising a first spatial light modulator that modulates part of the output wave to a first wave and a second spatial light modulator that modulates part of the output wave to a second wave, a lens portion focusing the first wave and the second wave output from the optical portion, and a detection portion detecting a focused wave that is focused by the lens portion, in which the first spatial light modulator and the second spatial light modulator modulate the output wave such that the first wave and the second wave have destructive interference with respect to the sample under an already known condition.

Abstract: A display includes a display modulation layer, a backlight unit configured to generate light for illumination of the display modulation layer, and a filter film disposed between the backlight unit and the display modulation layer. The filter film includes a plurality of Bragg grating sets. Each Bragg grating set is configured to reflect the light in a wavelength-selective and angular-selective manner rearward toward the backlight unit.

Abstract: A method for correcting deformations of the surface of an object equipped with a device for correcting deformations, the device including a piezoelectric layer including first and second surfaces, a first plurality of electrical tracks arranged on the first surface, a second plurality of electrical tracks arranged on the second surface, the tracks of the first plurality forming a plurality of lines and the tracks of the second plurality forming a plurality of columns, each column of the plurality of columns being perpendicular to the lines of the plurality of lines, the crossing of a line and a column forming a pixel. The method includes measuring the deformations of the surface; identifying the pixels for correcting the deformations and applying, for each identified pixel, with the line and the column corresponding to the pixel, an electric field greater than the coercive field of the piezoelectric material of the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an encapsulated flexible electronic device comprising a flexible electronic device, wherein the flexible electronic device is protected by a protective coating layer, a first cover sheet and a second cover sheet being made of patterned and developed dry photoresist films. The encapsulated flexible electronic device may be used to directly realize different type of electronic devices, such as smart sensor devices.

Abstract: Mirror elements (2a, 2b) include a substrate (4a, 4b) and a multilayer arrangement (5a, 5b). The multilayer arrangement includes a reflective layer system (6a, 6b) having a radiation entrance surface (7a, 7b) and a piezoelectric layer (8a, 8b) arranged between the radiation entrance surface and the substrate. Each mirror element includes an electrode arrangement (9a, 9b, 9c) associated with the piezoelectric layer. A layer thickness (tp) of the piezoelectric layer is controlled by the electric field generated. An interconnection arrangement (10) electrically interconnects adjacent electrodes of adjacent electrode arrangements. According to one formulation, the interconnection arrangement generates an electric field in a gap region (11) between the adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a display layer, a light diffusion layer, and a light guide plate. The display layer is used to display an image. The light guide plate is disposed under the display layer. The light guide plate guides a light of a back light source to the display layer. The light diffusion layer is disposed between the display layer and the light guide plate. The light diffusion layer is controlled by at least one control voltage, so as to dynamically change the transparency of the light diffusion layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a coating for an e-paper assembly includes forming a coating layer from conductive particles dispersed within an insulative matrix. A field is applied to cause the conductive particles to align in generally parallel, spaced apart elongate patterns that are generally perpendicular to a plane through which the coating layer extends. At ambient temperatures and without applied pressure, the coating layer is cured via radiation energy while maintaining the applied field.

Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a display layer, a light diffusion layer, and a light guide plate. The display layer is used to display an image. The light guide plate is disposed under the display layer. The light guide plate guides a light of a back light source to the display layer. The light diffusion layer is disposed between the display layer and the light guide plate. The light diffusion layer is controlled by at least one control voltage, so as to dynamically change the transparency of the light diffusion layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a backplane structure and a display device including the backplane structure. The backplane structure includes a backplate, a plurality of support components provided on a side of the backplate, and a control unit, wherein each of the support components includes a signal receiving element and an executive element, the signal receiving element may receive a control signal sent by the control unit, and the executive element has one end fastened to the backplate and is capable of being contracted or extended when the control signal is received by the signal receiving element. The display device provided by the present invention can not only achieve flat display, but also achieve curved display with different curvatures.

Abstract: An adjustable diffraction grating includes: an optical element and a distortion mechanism. The optical element has an optical surface to receive an input radiation beam. The optical element is provided with a plurality of closed channels below the optical surface, above each closed channel the optical surface being formed from a membrane of material. The distortion mechanism includes one or more actuators that are operable to distort the membranes over the closed channels so as to control the shape of the optical surface and to form a periodic structure on the optical surface which acts as a diffraction grating such that the input radiation beam is diffracted from the optical element to form a plurality of angularly separated sub-beams.

Abstract: A light guide plate assembly comprising: a first substrate which is transparent and positioned on a light-emitting side of the light guide plate assembly; a second substrate which is disposed opposite to the first substrate; and a plurality of light modulation units which are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein each of the light modulation units comprises: a first electrode which is disposed adjacent to the first substrate; a second electrode which is disposed adjacent to the second substrate, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to generate an electric field therebetween; and an electrophoretic capsule layer which is positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprises an electrophoretic capsule containing white electrophoretic particles and black electrophoretic particles which are dispersed in transparent dispersing medium and are oppositely charged.

Abstract: An electrode for use with a therapeutic current delivery system can include a flexible, water vapor-permeable, conductive adhesive material; a current dispersing element in contact with the conductive adhesive material; and a non-conductive, flexible, water vapor-permeable, electrically-insulating top layer provided in contact with the current dispersing element. The current dispersing element can be conductive at least laterally along a plane of the electrode. The conductive adhesive material can be conductive in a direction substantially orthogonal to the plane of the electrode and semi-conductive in a direction substantially lateral to the plane of the electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a color display device in which each pixel can display at least six high-quality color states, and an electrophoretic fluid for such an electrophoretic display. The different types of particles exhibit different levels of attraction force to display different color states.

Abstract: Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror devices and manufacturing methods thereof. The device comprising a hinge layer having orthogonal tilt and roll hinges connecting inner and outer platforms such that the inner platform has bi-directional rotation. An electrode layer connected beneath the hinge layer controls rotation of the platforms. A mirror layer above the hinge layer comprises a mirror connected to the inner platform via a pedestal and fixed membrane connected to the hinge layer but detached from the mirror. An anchor temporarily reduces movement of the outer platform during fabrication. In a fabrication state, the anchor anchors the outer platform to the mirror layer's fixed membrane. In a post-fabrication state, a gap releases the outer platform.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a hologram includes a collimation lens configured to receive incoherent light emitted from an object; a spatial light modulator (SLM) that includes at least one diffractive lens which is configured to receive the incoherent light from the collimation lens and split the incoherent light into two beams that interfere with each other; and a camera configured to record the interference pattern of the two beams to create a hologram, wherein a ratio between a distance from the SLM to the camera and a focal length of the diffractive lens is greater than 1.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a color display device in which each pixel can display at least six high-quality color states, and an electrophoretic fluid for such an electrophoretic display. The different types of particles exhibit different levels of attraction force to display different color states.

Abstract: A variable wavelength interference filter includes: a first reflective film disposed on a face of a first substrate facing a second substrate; a second reflective film disposed on a face of the second substrate facing the first substrate and the first reflective film; a first electrode disposed on the face of the first substrate; and a second electrode disposed on the face of the second substrate. The second substrate includes a movable portion on which the second reflective film is disposed and a connection maintaining portion maintaining the movable portion to be movable in a substrate thickness direction, the connection maintaining portion circumscribes the movable portion and is thinner than the movable portion, and the second electrode is disposed on a portion of the second substrate that is thicker than the connection maintaining portion.

Abstract: A multimode detection system for detecting one or more samples is provided. The detection system comprises an electromagnetic radiation source, a reference arm, and a sample arm comprising a sensing substrate having a plurality of sample fields, wherein the sample fields are configured to receive the one or more samples. The system further comprises a phase difference generator configured to introduce pathlength differences in the reference arm, sample arm, or both, a spatial light modulator operatively coupled to the reference arm, sample arm, or both, wherein the spatial light modulator is configured to modulate incident radiation, resultant radiation, or both in the reference arm, sample arm, or both, and an imaging spectrometer configured to discriminate between two or more spatially separated sample en two or more spatially separated sample fields.

Abstract: A lenticular unit includes a transparent substrate; first electrodes being transparent and disposed on the substrate; a second electrode being transparent and elastic; and a transparent material layer interposed between the first and second electrodes and being deformable in a lens shape in a thickness direction depending on a potential applied between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus, upgrade apparatus, display system and control method are provided. The image processing apparatus includes a signal input unit; a first image processing unit which processes an input signal input by the signal input unit to output a first output signal; an upgrade apparatus connection unit connected to an upgrade apparatus which includes a second image processing unit; and a first controller which controls at least one of the input signal processed by the first image processing unit and the first output signal to be transmitted to the upgrade apparatus and processed by the second image processing unit if the upgrade apparatus is connected to the upgrade apparatus connection unit.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer for a pipe includes an ultrasonic source configured to emit a sonic beam and a conically shaped reflector configured to reflect the sonic beam towards an inner wall of the pipe. An apex of the reflector opposite its base is mounted to the ultrasonic source. The conically shaped reflector may have concave outer surfaces that enable the reflector to reflect the sonic beam into waves of a collimated shape.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a display having an array of pixels, a substrate, and a control matrix formed on the substrate are described. The array of pixels includes mechanical light modulators that can be referred to as micro-electro-mechanical or MEMS light modulators. The MEMS light modulators may be shutter-based light modulators, and an array of apertures may be formed on the substrate corresponding spatially to the shutters in the array of shutter-based light modulators. Each modulator is configured to be driven from a-light-blocking state to a-light-transmissive state through a movement direction. The array of light modulators are arranged to reduce the correlations in movement directions of neighboring pixels, thereby reducing the amplitude of acoustic emissions from the display.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid lens array creates an array of through holes of axisymmetric cross-section through a central plate, forms conductive traces on the side walls of each of the through holes and on a portion of the top and bottom surfaces of the central plate contiguous with each through hole, and bonds the bottom surface of the central plate around each through hole to the top surface of a transparent base plate, forming an array of cavities. The method applies an insulating layer to the side walls of each cavity, portions of the top surface of the base plate lying within each cavity, and portions of the top surface of the transparent central plate surrounding each cavity, introduces a polar liquid and a non-polar liquid into each cavity; and bonds the top surface of the central plate to the bottom surface of a transparent top plate.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein relates to an electrowetting display comprising: a dielectric barrier layer formed on a substrate; a hydrophobic layer formed on the dielectric barrier layer, wherein the dielectric barrier layer maintains a separation between the hydrophobic layer and the substrate; a patterned pixel grid formed on the hydrophobic layer, wherein the patterned pixel grid comprises rows and columns of pixel walls that form field pixels and border pixels; an oil film overlying the hydrophobic layer, wherein the oil film is partitioned by the patterned pixel grid; and an electrolyte overlying the oil film and the patterned pixel grid, wherein one or more of the rows or the columns of pixel walls of the patterned pixel grid includes a substantially nonlinear-shaped portion to reduce sheer stress between the patterned pixel grid and the hydrophobic layer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display apparatus includes an array substrate, an opposite substrate facing the array substrate, and an electrophoretic layer disposed between the array substrate and the opposite substrate. The electrophoretic layer includes a non-polar solvent and a plurality of polar particles dispersed in the non-polar solvent. At least one of the array substrate or the opposite substrate includes a plurality of electric field forming electrodes respectively.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for accurately positioning a movable conductive layer of a reflective display element. In one aspect, an initial position of the movable conductive layer with respect to at least one or more fixed conductive layers is sensed. A charging voltage may be determined based at least in part on the initial position. The charging voltage may be applied to the movable conductive layer.

Abstract: An optical interference color display comprising a transparent substrate, an inner-front optical diffusion layer, a plurality of first electrodes, a patterned support layer, a plurality of optical films and a plurality of second electrodes is provided. The inner-front optical diffusion layer is on the transparent substrate and the first electrodes are on the inner-front optical diffusion layer. The patterned support layer is on the inner-front optical diffusion layer between the first electrodes. The optical film is on the first electrodes and the second electrodes are positioned over the respective first electrodes. The second electrodes are supported through the patterned support layer. Furthermore, there is an air gap between the second electrodes and their respective first electrodes.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a variety of designs of piezo electrophoretic displays which may be driven without connecting to a power source. The piezo-electrophoretic display comprises an electrophoretic layer, a conductor layer, and a layer of piezo material. The processes for manufacturing the piezo electrophoretic displays are also provided.

Abstract: A display device provided with an MEMS light valve, comprising: a substrate, a fixed grating located on the substrate, an MEMS light valve for controlling the opening and closing of the fixed grating; a guide is disposed on the substrate. The MEMS light valve comprises: a movable grating, a movable electrode and fixed electrodes; the moveable grating is located in the guide and is electrically connected to the guide when contacting the guide; one end of the movable electrode is fixedly connected with the movable grating, and the other end is suspended; and the fixed electrodes and the movable electrode form a capacitor. When a potential difference forms between the fixed electrodes and the movable electrode, the movable electrode drives the movable grating to move in the guide, thereby opening and closing the fixed grating. Therefore, the MEMS light valve sensitivity can be enhanced and reliability is improved.

Abstract: An electrostatic display employing MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) technology is disclosed. The transition from white to black pixel color occurs as two cantilevers covering the pixel area are electrostatically turned from their position parallel to the substrate plane to the position normal to the substrate plane. Four electrode pixel control circuits are used to form row and column matrix. This matrix employs a bi-stability effect resulting from the difference in voltages needed to move the cantilever into an upright position and hold the cantilever in this position.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEMS) device includes a substrate, a movable element over the substrate, and an actuation electrode above the movable element. The movable element includes a deformable layer and a reflective element. The deformable layer is spaced from the reflective element.

Abstract: A reflective color display is disclosed. A substrate supports a first conductor layer and pixel wells. A piezoelectric segment is formed in each pixel well over the first conductor layer. A second conductor layer overlies the piezoelectric segments, wherein an electric field created across any piezoelectric segment causes the piezoelectric segment to expand or contract under control of the electric field. A Bragg reflector segment overlies each piezoelectric segment and is compressible by expansion of the underlying piezoelectric segment. A white light LED layer overlies the Bragg reflector segments. By varying the electric field across each piezoelectric segment, the overlying Bragg reflector segment is controlled to reflect a selected wavelength for each pixel of the display. The walls of the pixel wells provide acoustic isolation between adjacent pixel wells. An acoustic membrane isolates the Bragg reflector segment from high frequency vibrations of the piezoelectric segment.

Abstract: The electrophoretic display device includes: an electrophoretic layer which is disposed between first and second substrates disposed to face each other and has a plurality of first electrically-charged particles colored into a first color, a plurality of second electrically-charged particles colored into a second color, and a dispersion medium which retains the first and second electrically-charged particles; first and second pixel electrodes provided on the first substrate; an opposite electrode provided on the second substrate; and a reflective electrode provided at a position on the first substrate side rather than on the electrophoretic layer, wherein the first electrically-charged particle has permeability in a first wavelength region and absorbability in the other wavelength regions, and the second electrically-charged particle has reflectivity in a second wavelength region and absorbability in the other wavelength regions.

Abstract: A multi-state light modulator comprises a first reflector. A first electrode is positioned at a distance from the first reflector. A second reflector is positioned between the first reflector and the first electrode. The second reflector is movable between an undriven position, a first driven position, and a second driven position, each having a corresponding distance from the first reflector. In one embodiment, the three positions correspond to reflecting white light, being non-reflective, and reflecting a selected color of light. Another embodiment is a method of making the light modulator. Another embodiment is a display including the light modulator.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes a switching element on a substrate including a display area having a pixel region and a non-display area at a periphery of the display area, a passivation layer covering the switching element, a pixel electrode on the passivation layer and connected to the switching element, an electrophoresis film on the pixel electrode and including an ink layer and a base film, wherein the ink layer includes a plurality of charged particles, and the base film is formed of polyethylene terephthalate, a common electrode for generating an electric field with the pixel electrode to drive the electrophoresis film, and a color filter layer directly on the electrophoresis film, wherein the color filter layer is formed under temperatures of less than 100 degrees of Celsius.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a color display comprising an electrophoretic fluid which comprises one or two types of pigment particles dispersed in a clear and colorless or clear and colored solvent, wherein said electrophoretic fluid is sandwiched between a common electrode and a plurality of driving electrodes. The driving electrodes are kept at a certain distance in order to expose a background layer.

Abstract: A color display, and an electronic apparatus comprising the color display, are described herein. The display comprises an illumination unit overlaid with a color filter arranged with a plurality of color filter elements, wherein respective transmissions of the color filter elements are adjustable to allow either transmission for a selected wavelength in said range of wavelengths, or transmission for a number of wavelengths from said range of wavelengths. Such adjustable transmission may be implemented using actuatable fluids which may be controlled by means of electrowetting.

Abstract: A method for forming an optical deflection device includes providing a semiconductor substrate comprising an upper surface region and a plurality of drive devices within one or more portions of the semiconductor substrate. The upper surface region includes one or more patterned structure regions and at least one open region to expose a portion of the upper surface region to form a resulting surface region. The method also includes forming a planarizing material overlying the resulting surface region to fill the at least one open region and cause formation of an upper planarized layer using the fill material. The method further includes forming a thickness of silicon material at a temperature of less than 300° C. to maintain a state of the planarizing material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display, for using liquids to display information and a corresponding method. According to the invention, said display comprises a number of display elements with cavities, at least one display liquid for displaying information and at least one liquid reservoir for providing the at least one display liquid, characterized in that each display element further comprises a dosing device, by means of which display liquid from the liquid reservoir may be dosed into and out of the display element. The dosing device thus permits a precise dosing of defined display liquid volumes into or out of the display element. The method in which said dosing device finds use is used for precisely repeated dosing of defined volumes of display liquid.

Abstract: Methods and devices for calibrating and controlling the actuation of an analog interferometric modulator configured to have a plurality of actuation states. Devices and methods for calibrating an analog interferometric modulator to respond in linear relation to an applied voltage.

Abstract: A micromechanical mirror arrangement comprising a mirror plate (1) which forms a translation mirror, which is connected via at least one holding element (2), preferably two or more holding elements, to a frame structure (3) and is movable in translation relative to this frame structure, characterized in that the connection region (4) of at least one holding element (2), preferably of all holding elements, with the mirror plate (1) is arranged inwardly offset, viewed from the outer margin (5) of the mirror plate toward to the center (6) of the mirror plate.

Abstract: A method for modulating light using a micro-electro-mechanical structure includes providing a plurality of deformable mirror elements (30) having an L-shaped cross section. Each of the deformable mirror elements is comprised of a pedestal (32) and an elongated ribbon (33). Each of the ribbons has a reflective surface (35). A beam of light is directed on the deformable mirror elements. The deformable mirror elements is flexed about an axis parallel to a long dimension of the ribbons to vary a curvature of at least one of the reflective ribbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tri wavelength diffraction modulator (TWDM) and a method of tri wavelength diffraction modulation. The tri wavelength diffraction modulator includes: a stationary substrate with a bottom electrode plate formed on top of the stationary substrate; a first electrode plate comprising a first suspended beam suspended in parallel above the stationary substrate and a first connection anchored onto the stationary substrate; and a second electrode plate comprising a second suspended beam suspended in parallel above the first electrode plate and a second connection anchored onto the stationary substrate. The diffraction modulator and the method for diffraction modulation are suitable to projection system.

Abstract: A system for modulating light using a micro-electro-mechanical structure includes a plurality of deformable mirror elements (30) having an L-shaped cross section. Each of the deformable mirror elements is comprised of a pedestal (32) and an elongated ribbon (33). Each of the ribbons has a reflective surface (35). A beam of light is directed on the deformable mirror elements. The deformable mirror elements is flexed about an axis parallel to a long dimension of the ribbons to vary a curvature of at least one of the reflective ribbons.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method of projecting an image, the method comprising the steps of, providing light signal which is configured such that it can be projected onto a display surface to display an image; oscillating a first reflective surface, to scan the light signal over the display surface, using an actuator which is in operable co-operation with the first reflective surface, by applying a first actuation signal to the first reflective surface, wherein a rise time or fall time of the first actuation signal is inversely proportional to a resonant frequency of oscillation of the first reflective surface.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a black matrix that includes a plurality of openings corresponding to pixels, respectively, a first extension portion extending in a driving direction of an electrowetting layer, the driving direction being a direction in which motion of the electrowetting layer is induced when a voltage difference is applied between a common electrode and a pixel electrode, and a partition wall that partitions the pixels. The first extension portion includes first and second areas respectively extending in opposite directions to each other and a third area having a width substantially the same as a width of the partition wall. The first area has a width less than about half of a first length corresponding to a length extending between both sides of each pixel in the driving direction, and the second area has a width less than the width of the first area.