Abstract: A stereoscopic objective lens system for video endoscopes and borescopes includes two full-diameter doublets and two identical half-diameter ball lenses. The full-diameter doublets collimate object points, imaging object points to infinity. The full-diameter doublets present equal-angle pairs from symmetrically disposed object points to the ball lenses. This equal-angle property enables accurate object/image mapping onto the final stereo image pair such that all parts of each left/right image can be mapped to within a fraction of a video pixel to each other.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a stereoscopic endoscope wherein an intermediate image is generated in a rod-shaped endoscope attachment. The intermediate image is imaged into the focal plane of an objective. The objective can be the main objective of a surgical microscope with the objective having a long focal length or the main objective of a stereoscopic recording system. The main objective and an in-coupling optic conjointly define an inverted telescope.

Abstract: A surgical drape construction wherein a tubular body, peripherally assembled to a local lens aperture in a drape, is adapted for removable concentric engagement to the exposed end of the objective-lens barrel of a microscope, wherein the tubular body mounts a flat optically transparent element which closes the body, and wherein the flat transparent element is fixedly so inclined that a geometric normal to the flat transparent element is at an acute angle to the axis of concentric engagement. Would-be reflections are thereby deflected off-axis, and microscope viewing is materially enhanced for all subject-matter aspects with respect to incident light.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for aligning the optical elements of a microscope are disclosed wherein a fixture is provided for locating and mounting a plurality of mirrors for reflecting an object image along an optical path to an adjacent eyepiece connected to the fixture by an eyepiece holder. The eyepiece holder includes an outer sleeve attachable to the fixture, an inner sleeve transversely movable within the outer sleeve for slidably receiving the eyepiece, and positioning means comprising a plurality of angularly spaced screws extending through the outer sleeve for engaging the inner sleeve, whereby the eyepiece may be aligned on the optical path by selectively adjusting the screws.

Abstract: A microscope includes a mount 18 secured to an eyepiece tube 10 to superimpose image data upon the microscope image. The image data is projected and reflected into the intermediate image plane using a receiving unit 27 to hold the image data on a slide 29 and an optical part 12. The receiving unit 27 includes a magnetic wall surface 31 and is freely movable and arbitrarily positionable together with slide 29 on a slide surface 32. Permanent magnets 33 are provided behind the slide surface 32 within the mount 18 to keep receiving unit 27 in place.

Abstract: A stereoscopic endoscope comprises an objective lens array having one optical axis, a relay lens array for transmitting an object image produced by the objective lens array, a pupil split element that is located at an entrance pupil position of the relay lens array; that is, a position at which the relay lens array forms an entrance pupil, a position near the entrance pupil position, or a position conjugate with those positions, and that splits an entrance pupil formed by the relay lens array into a plurality of portions, an image formation optical system that receives a beam emanating from the relay lens array and forms a plurality of object images in cooperation with the pupil split element, and imaging devices for receiving the object images.

Abstract: A binocular stereoscopic microscope in which a prism 33 is provided for causing reflected light which has passed through an imaging lens 32 to undergo a plurality of reflections, and for guiding the light to the side of the optic axis of the imaging lens. A porroprism 35 is disposed near the prism 33 such that the light beam from the prism 33 is incident upon it. In this way, the range of operating angles can be increased, the operator has to extend his hands forward over a shorter distance, and the operator can work in a more comfortable position.

Abstract: A light microscope with lenses projecting the rear aperture of an objective lens at a location remote from the objective lens enhancing high power stereoscopic viewing and photographing with a binocular (two eyepiece) viewing system and when combined with an iris in close proximity to the projected image of the rear aperture of the objective lens, controls flare.

Abstract: In an insertable accessory module for a stereo microscope, in particular an operation microscope, two optical elements are pivotably arranged in the parallel observation beam paths after the main objective. A continuous variation of the stereo angle is possible by pivoting about two pivot shafts that are oriented perpendicular to the observation beam paths.

Abstract: A stereoscopic microscope system is adapted for vitrectomy eye surgery. A conformer lens positions the eye being operated upon and an aspherical lens system, adjacent the conformer lens, produces an inverted image. That image is reinverted by a prism system having two pairs of prisms, each pair being an Abbe's Modification of Porro prism system. Each prism of the prism system has the same size and shape and the prisms are cemented together to form a unitary prism cluster.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a stereomicroscope having a main objective of variable focal intercept. An optical element is provided in each of the two stereoscopic component beam paths to provide a parallel displacement of the particular beam path. A coupling between each displacement of the two stereoscopic beam paths and the actual adjustment of the focal intercept of the main objective is also provided in such a manner that a preselectable constant stereo angle results even when there is a variation of the focal intercept of the main objective. In this way, a physiologically constant viewing impression results for the viewer.

Abstract: An optical stereoscopic microscope system is adapted for eye surgery and includes a conformer lens which fits over the eyeball being operated upon. A wide-angle aspherical lens system includes two convex-concave lenses and magnifies the image from the conformer lens to produce an inverted image. A beam splitter splits the inverted image into separated left and right inverted images each of which are reinverted by a pair of prisms, each prism pair being a pair of an Abbe Modification of Porro Prisms.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope comprising an objective lens, an afocal vari-focal optical system disposed coaxially with the objective lens, a pair of right and left imaging optical systems for imaging parallel rays emerging from the afocal vari-focal optical system, and right and left eyepiece lens systems for magnifying images which are formed by the right and left imaging optical systems.This stereomicroscope permits observing images with adequate stereoscopic impressions and can be relatively compact owing to a fact that the microscope satisfies the following condition (1):0.005 .ltoreq.AD.multidot..beta./f.sub.0 .ltoreq.0.

Abstract: A stereoscopic retinal camera which enables the stereoscopic observation of the fundus of the eye and is capable of photographing the stereoscopic picture of the fundus by dividing a light beam reflected by the fundus into two light beams and transmitting the two light beams respectively along the light paths of separate image forming optical systems. And according to the stereoscopic retinal camera, each portion of the fundus and the front portion of the eye is photographed by a focus adjustment device, and an inter-image pitch between a right image and a left image of photographing the fundus and/or the front portion of the eye is corrected by an optical correcting device, whereby the inter-image pitch caused by a difference of refracting power or by a change of stereoscopic visual angle is obtainable not to be changed.

Abstract: A direct-view stereoscopic confocal microscope including a light source, an aperture plate, image collector, and first and second vibrators. The light source is used for illuminating a portion of a specimen and the aperture plate is used for passing a portion of the light emanating from the light source onto a portion of the specimen. The image collector is optically coupled to the illuminated portion of the specimen and acts to separate the image created by the illuminated portion of the specimen from the light illuminating the specimen. A first vibrator is coupled to the specimen for vibrating the specimen along a first axis and the second vibrator is coupled to the image collector, and synchronized with said first vibrator, for vibrating the collecting means along a second axis.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscopic attachment 1 for a surgical microscope 13 accommodates an optical system 14 which erects an inter-image of the fundus (or other particular area of the vitreous body of the eye) produced by at least one ophthalmoscopic lens 8 and interchanges the optical viewing paths. The optical system 14 is located directly behind the produced inter-image at a point where the stereoscopic optical viewing paths are still intertwined. The optical system 14 is configured either as a triplet with field lenses or as a straight-view inversion prism. The attachment also includes a lens 15 that is (a) positioned between the optical system 14 and the lens end of the attachment, and (b) movable along the optical axis of the attachment to put the critical section of the eye into focus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-precision autofocusing arrangement for a stereomicroscope wherein a bar-shaped marking is projected via a cylinder optic on an object. The imaged bar-shaped marking is at least in one dimension less or equal to the resolution of the viewing beam path. A region of the objective not used optically is selected for projection as the pass-through pupil.

Abstract: A microscope capable of freely moving an objective optical system and an ocular optical system thereof. The microscope includes a TV camera with a light-receiving surface at an image forming position of the objective optical system and a display, wherein the image is taken by the TV camera and transmitted to the display, the transmitted image is displayed in the display, and the displayed image is observed by the ocular optical system of the microscope.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting the top and bottom surfaces of a tape or sheet has a device to magnify the surface of the tape or sheet, with its objective lens disposed to face the top surface of the tape or sheet. The apparatus also has an optical transmittion system that transmits an image of the bottom surface of the tape or sheet through a focusing unit and four reflectors, each of which is adapted to bend the path of light rays 90 degrees. Of the four reflectors, one that faces the objective lens is retractable from the light-ray path in the optical transmission system. The reflector facing the objective lens may be a half-coated mirror. Fixed in the light-ray path in the optical transmission system, the half-coated mirror is not retractable.

Abstract: A Keplerian finder optical system composed of, in succession from the object side, an objective lens of a positive refractive power, a field lens of a positive refractive power positioned in the vicinity of the focal plane of the objective lens, and an eyepiece lens for observing an image of the object formed on the focal plane of the objective lens, comprises a field diaphragm positioned in the vicinity of the focal plane of the objective lens, a first reflecting device with two reflecting faces positioned in the optical path between the objective lens and the field diaphragm, and second reflecting device with two other reflecting faces, positioned between the field diaphragm and the eyepiece lens.