Abstract: According to the present invention, a small-sized double-lens imaging optical system whose chromatic aberration is corrected even at a super wide angle of 150° or more can be provided. The double-lens imaging optical system of the present invention includes a concave lens, and a convex lens having a diffraction grating provided thereon, and satisfies the following conditional expression (1): 4.5<P1=(1?f/fa)·?d<9.0??(1). Herein, f is an effective focal length of the double-lens imaging optical system; fa is an effective focal length of the double-lens imaging optical system excluding the diffraction grating; and ?d is an Abbe number of the material of the convex lens with respect to the d-line. As a result, chromatic aberration can be well corrected even with respect to rays entering at high angles of view.

Abstract: An optical de-multiplexer (de-MUX) that includes an optical device that images and diffracts an optical signal using a reflective geometry is described, where a free spectral range (FSR) of the optical device associated with a given diffraction order abuts FSRs associated with adjacent diffraction orders. Moreover, the channel spacings within diffraction orders and between adjacent diffraction orders are equal to the predefined channel spacing associated with the optical signal. As a consequence, the optical device has a comb-filter output spectrum, which reduces a tuning energy of the optical device by eliminating spectral gaps between diffraction orders of the optical device.

Abstract: A method of adjusting the pupil delay compensation of a convergent or divergent beam that includes placing a device composed of an afocal system comprising one or more passive optical components disposed on the propagation axis of the beam, at least one of the components being a focusing diffractive component, and moving the device along the propagation axis of the beam until the required pupil delay compensation is obtained, where the compensation is the algebraic sum of pupil delays of each passive optical component of the afocal system and lying in a range of values the limits of which are functions of the particular combination of the optical components chosen to form the afocal system of the compensation device.

Abstract: A micro identification system supports facile optical assemblies and components. A segment of optical fiber can comprise an identifier formed via actinic radiation. The identifier can generate a laser interference pattern that can be read through a cylindrical surface of the optical fiber to determine a code. Modified optical fibers are those fibers that have been shaped or coated to an extent beyond the demands of normal communications optical fibers. In one example, modified fibers are no longer than about two feet in length. For another example, the modified fibers can have either a non-cylindrical end face, a non flat end face, an end face the plane of which is not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide, an end face coated with high density filter, or an identifier on or near an end face.

Abstract: An optical element used in an optical scanning apparatus includes a diffracting surface composed of a diffraction grating. The diffracting surface includes a diffraction grating having a sectional shape linearly formed. If diffraction power in a main scanning direction on the diffracting surface received by an axial light flux is ?DO and refractive power in the main scanning direction on a refracting surface on which the diffraction grating is formed received by the axial light flux is ?ref, the optical element satisfies the following conditions: 0<?DO<1.8×10?3(1/mm), and 0.5|?DO|<|?ref|<1.5|?DO|, where the diffraction power ?DO and the refractive power ?ref have opposite signs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient light-extraction layer and an organic electroluminescence element excellent in light-extraction efficiency. The light-extraction layer of the present invention comprises a reflecting layer and a three-dimensional diffraction layer formed thereon. The diffraction layer comprises fine particles having a variation coefficient of the particle diameter of 10% or less and of a matrix having a refractive index different from that of the fine particles. The particles have a volume fraction of 50% or more based on the volume of the diffraction layer. The particles are arranged to form first areas having short-distance periodicity, and the first areas are disposed and adjacent to each other in random directions to form second areas. The organic electroluminescence element of the present invention comprises the above light-extraction layer.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for the trapping, including optical trapping; analysis; and selective manipulation of particles on an optical array. A device parcels a light source into many points of light transmitted through a microlens optical array and an Offner relay to an objective, where particles may be trapped. Preferably the individual points of light are individually controllable through a light controlling device. Optical properties of the particles may be determined by interrogation with light focused through the optical array. The particles may be manipulated by immobilizing or releasing specific particles, separating types of particles, etc.

Abstract: In an optical head device which performs recording/reading of data in/from a high-density optical disc using an objective lens with a large NA, a saw-tooth shape diffraction element is used for also performing recording/reading of data in/from a conventional optical disc, such as DVD, CD, or the like. A step difference that produces an optical path length for blue light which is equal to or longer than the wavelength of the blue light and optical path lengths for red and infrared light which are shorter than the wavelengths of the red and infrared light is utilized so as to exert an inverse action on the blue light to those exerted on the red and infrared light. The effect of increasing the working distances for CD and DVD enables multiple compatibility. The optical element is integrally combined with the objective lens to perform a tracking servo following operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for surface structuring, that is to say, for meaning forming at least one array of patterns with a submillimeter scale characteristic lateral dimension on a flat surface of a product comprising a substrate bearing at least one layer resulting from a sol-gel process, where the structuring is done hot with a hydrolyzed sol layer based on alkoxides and/or halide(s) of at least one metal chosen among Si, Ti, Zr, W, Sb, Hf, Ta, V, Mg, Al, Mn, Co, Ni, Sn, Zn, and Ce with a nonreactive organic group, where the structuring is carried out by contact with a structured mask and exerting pressure as needed, and where the structuring is carried out in a temperature range suited for a sufficient condensation threshold ensuring the thermal hold of the structuring, with a total structuring time less than or equal to two hours. The invention also covers the resulting product.

Abstract: A method for designing a two-dimensional array overlay target comprises the steps of: selecting a plurality of two dimensional array overlay targets having different overlay errors; calculating a deviation of a simulated diffraction spectrum for each two-dimensional array overlay target; selecting an error-independent overlay target by taking the deviations of the simulated diffraction spectra into consideration; and designing a two dimensional array overlay target based on structural parameters of the error-independent overlay target.

Abstract: An alignment layer may align molecules of a liquid crystalline material to a surface of a substrate having a diffractive optical power region using a nonlinear alignment. The alignment layer may align the molecules of the liquid crystalline material in one of a tangential alignment, a piecewise tangential alignment, a perpendicular alignment, a piecewise perpendicular alignment, a continuous intra-zone alignment, or a piecewise continuous intra-zone alignment. The nonlinear alignment may result in optimal or near optimal alignment of the liquid crystalline material thereby resulting in improved optics and fewer vision compromises.

Abstract: An energy saving grate installed outside a building or structure in warm weather that reduces heating due to infrared radiation (IR) from sunlight. For a window application the grate acts as a sunshade to block or diffuse the IR and ultraviolet (UV) portions of sunlight while passing visible light. The grate cell size, depth, cell surface characteristics, and mounting details near the sash determine system performance of sunlight control, of the view through the grate, and of the exterior appearance. The grate is removable for cool weather. The grate system can cool various surfaces and requires no operating adjustments. It can be applied near most windows (including skylights) on all sides of a building where impinging sunlight causes unwanted heating. Compared to external solar thin mesh screens the grate system can provide more open area for a given performance in reduced IR heating.

Abstract: A method and a terminal device for making multi-system constraint of a specified permission in a digital rights. A rights object related to content object is obtained by an executing device. The specific permission descriptions of the rights object include system constraint descriptions of a plurality of systems of the same type. The executing device obtains a corresponding system information in the device according to the system constraint descriptions and compares the system information in the device with the system information in the system constraint descriptions, so as to judge whether there is any system permitted in system constraint descriptions. If yes, it determines to permit executing the specific permission for the content object; otherwise, it determines not to permit executing said specific permission for the content object.

Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting apparatus in which light extraction efficiency of a light-emitting device is improved and viewing angle dependency of an emission color is reduced. The light-emitting apparatus includes a cavity structure and a periodic structure. When guided-wave light is diffracted by the periodic structure in a direction that forms an angle which is larger than 90° and smaller than 180° relative to a guided-wave direction of an optical waveguide in the cavity structure, a wavelength of the diffracted light becomes longer as the diffraction angle increases.

Abstract: A security device having a lenticular device that includes an array of lenticular focusing elements located over a corresponding array of sets of image strips such that at different viewing directions, a corresponding image strip from each set is viewed via respective ones of the lenticular focusing elements wherein the image strips are defined at least in part by a relief structure.

Abstract: A security device includes at least two lenticular devices, each lenticular device having an array of elongate lenticular focusing elements located above respective sets of image strips, wherein the elongate directions in which the lenticular focussing elements of the two lenticular devices extend are different.

Abstract: A Talbot-illuminated imaging system for focal plane tuning, the device comprising a Talbot element, a tunable illumination source, a scanning mechanism, a light detector, and a processor. The element generate san array of focused light spots at a focal plane. The tunable illumination source shifts the focal plane to a plane of interest by adjusting a wavelength of light incident the Talbot element. The scanning mechanism scans an object across an array of focused light spots in a scanning direction. The light detector determines time-varying light data associated with the array of focused light spots as the object scans across the array of light spots. The processor constructs an image of the object based on the time-varying data.

Abstract: Spectrally filtering at least one input beam includes dispersing spectral components of at least one input beam at different respective angles in a spectral plane; changing at least some of the angles of the propagation axes of the dispersed spectral components so that the maximum angular separation among the propagation axes of the spectral components changes; receiving a plurality of the dispersed spectral components incident on a reflective surface at a location at which the central rays of each of the spectral components are incident at different points on the reflective surface; and tilting the reflective surface to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to a selected output path.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus comprises a display device for displaying an image and a diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element is disposed on a light emitting side of the display device. The diffractive optical element comprises first grating regions. Each of the first grating regions has first diffraction gratings having a constant cycle space and the same azimuth angle. An area of the first grating regions occupies 17.5%˜94% of an area of the diffractive optical element.

Abstract: There is provided a diffraction grating including a convex portion and a concave portion which are used for lights having different wavelengths ?1, ?2 and ?3 and are alternately disposed on at least one surface of a substrate with a predetermined pitch. An average refractive index of the convex portion is smaller than an average refractive index of the concave portion. A phase difference in the lights having the wavelength ?1 which transmit the convex portion and the concave portion and a phase difference in the lights having the wavelength ?2 which transmit the convex portion and the concave portion are both substantially the integral multiple of 2?, and a phase difference in the lights having the wavelength ?3 which transmit the convex portion and the concave portion is substantially the non-integral multiple of 2?.

Abstract: An image display device includes an image forming device, collimating optical system, and optical device, with the optical device including a light guide plate, first diffraction grating member and second diffraction grating member which are made up of a volume hologram diffraction grating, and with central light emitted from the pixel of the center of the image forming device and passed through the center of the collimating optical system being input to the light guide plate from the near side of the second diffraction grating member with a certain angle. Thus, the image display device capable of preventing occurrence of color irregularities, despite the simple configuration, can be provided.

Abstract: For achieving balance between manufacturing effort and spectrometer accuracy, a spectral decomposition device is not completely integrated into a substrate stack, but, for example, after manufacturing the substrate stack in the manufacturing process, the opportunity of compensating inaccuracies in substrate stack manufacturing is given by mounting a component with a suitable optical functional element to a window, like, e.g., an entry, exit or intermediate window of the substrate stack, to at least partially cover the respective window, wherein the optical functional element is, for example, an entry aperture, an exit aperture or also part of an optics or an optical element having a spectrally decomposing effect.

Abstract: Talbot imaging systems comprising a Talbot element, a phase gradient generating device, a light detector, and a processor. The Talbot element repeats a Talbot image at a distance from the Talbot element. The phase gradient generating device scans the Talbot image at a plane at the distance from the Talbot element by incrementally changing a phase gradient of a light field incident the Talbot element. As the Talbot image is scanned, the light detector captures time varying data associated with light altered by an object located at the distance from the Talbot element. The processor reconstructs an image of the object based on the time-varying light data.

Abstract: Methods create images viewable under different selected angles on optical storage devices and other photosensitive surfaces and optical storage devices with super-imposed images. Generally, a photosensitive surface is exposed with multiple diffraction patterns creating super-imposed images. These diffraction patterns create super-imposed images on the photosensitive surfaces, which can be read by either a human or a computer.

Abstract: A color image sensor has a plurality of pixels. On the pixels zero-order diffractive color filters (DCFs) (1) are arranged. Different zero-order DCFs (1), e.g., DCFs (1) transmitting red, green and blue light, respectively, are allocated to the pixels of the color image sensor. The use of DCFs (1) for color imaging devices brings better defined band-pass or notch filters than the presently used lacquers. The DCFs (1) are more stable with respect to time, temperature and any environmental aggression. The manufacture of the DCF pattern is simpler and cheaper than that of a conventional dye-filter pattern, since the different types of DCFs can be manufactured simultaneously.

Abstract: In an optical head device which performs recording or reading of data in/from a high-density optical disc using an objective lens with a large NA, a saw-tooth shape diffraction element is used for also performing recording or reading of data in/from a conventional optical disc, such as DVD, CD, or the like. A step difference that produces an optical path length for blue light which is equal to or longer than the wavelength of the blue light and optical path lengths for red and infrared light which are shorter than the wavelengths of the red and infrared light is utilized so as to exert an inverse action on the blue light to those exerted on the red and infrared light. The effect of increasing the working distances for CD and DVD enables multiple compatibility. The above optical element is integrally combined with the objective lens to perform a tracking servo following operation.

Abstract: Described herein are diffraction gratings and methods for the manufacture thereof. One method comprises applying a force to a substrate to strain the substrate, disposing a thin film on at least a portion of the substrate, and reducing the force applied to the substrate, thereby causing the thin film to buckle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resin composition for a composite optical element including: a first (meth)acrylate having a fluorene skeleton; and a second (meth)acrylate having a biphenyl ring but having no hydroxyl group. In the resin composition, the content of the first (meth)acrylate is 4 to 42 wt %.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to planar optical devices composed of one or more sub-wavelength diffraction grating layers. In one embodiment, an optical device includes a first substantially planar reflective structure (104,1904), a second substantially planar reflective structure (106,1906), and a substantially planar sub-wavelength grating layer (102,1902) disposed between the first reflective structure and the second reflective structure. The grating layer is configured with lines (208-211, 214-217) having line widths, line thicknesses, and line period spacing selected to control phase changes in different portions of a beam of light transmitted through the optical device.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing an optical display includes an optical substrate for propagating light received from a light source, a first set of one or more switchable diffractive elements in the substrate, and a second set of one or more switchable diffractive elements in the substrate. Each diffractive element in the second set corresponds to a diffractive element in the first set. Each of the diffractive elements in the first and second sets is configured to switch between on and off states. One of the states is for diffracting light and the other state for allowing light to pass through. Each of the first set of diffractive elements is configured to diffract the light at an angle for propagation in the substrate. Each of the second set of diffractive elements is configured to diffract the light for display.

Abstract: A method of fixing a polarization-reversed region formed in a ferroelectric single crystal, including preparing a ferroelectric single crystal having a polarization-reversed region; and irradiating an ion beam or a neutral beam on the ferroelectric single crystal. The ferroelectric single crystal is a substantially stoichiometric lithium tantalate single crystal or a substantially stoichiometric lithium niobate single crystal, and the polarization-reversed region is fixed and any back switch and expansion of the polarization-reversed region are suppressed.

Abstract: An objective lens element which has excellent compatibility with optical discs having different base material thicknesses is provided. An objective lens element 141 has optically functional surfaces on an incident side and an exit side. Either one of the optically functional surfaces is divided into an inner part 131B including a rotational symmetry axis and an outer part 131F which is a ring-shaped region surrounding the inner part 131B. On the inner part 131B, a plurality of discontinuous steps are provided. The plurality of steps change in height in the same direction from the optical axis toward the outer part, and each of the steps causes a constant optical path difference longer than the wavelength ?1 to the first incident light beam 61 and causes a constant optical path difference shorter than the wavelength ?2 to the second incident light beam 62.

Abstract: A diffraction grating lens according to the present invention is a diffraction grating lens 11 including: a lens body 12; and a plurality of diffraction steps relative to a base shape and a plurality of diffraction gratings 13 interposed between the diffraction steps, provided on a surface of the lens body 12. The lens body 12 is made of a first material having a refractive index n1(?) at a used wavelength ?; the diffraction grating 13 is in contact with air; and the relationship of an inequality below is satisfied, where d is a design step length of the diffraction steps, and m is an order of diffraction.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an isotropic optical filter comprising high-index refraction material positioned between low-index-refraction matter. At least some of the high-index refraction material has a grated structure and lateral and vertical dimensions with respect to the low-index-refraction matter such that the high-index refraction material is operative to act as a leaky waveguide for light incident on the ZOF. The grated structure comprises at least two different grating patterns. Each of the at least two grating patterns constitutes a subpixel. A plurality of subpixels is operative to diffract incident light to at least two zero-order wavelength spectra respective of the at least two grating patterns such to exhibit an isotropic colour effect with respect to the rotational orientation of the isotropic optical filter.

Abstract: An optical assembly for double passing a transmission grating may include a prism having first, second and third surfaces. A transmission grating may be bonded to the first surface. A first mirror coating may be bonded to the second surface and a second mirror coating to the third surface. The first, second and third surfaces, the transmission grating and the first and second mirror coatings are configured such that light of a predetermined wavelength entering the prism that is incident on the transmission grating is diffracted a first time by the transmission grating towards the second surface, reflected from the second surface to the third surface, reflected from the third surface back to the transmission grating, and diffracted a second time by the transmission grating as the light exits the prism.

Abstract: An input light pulse Pi, input at a constant incident angle to a transmission-type diffraction grating 20, is dispersed according to the wavelengths to be output at output angles according to the wavelengths, to be reflected by reflecting mirrors 41, 42, and 43 in series, and thereafter, the light rays are input at incident angles according to their wavelengths to the transmission-type diffraction grating 20, to be output at a constant output angle from the transmission-type diffraction grating 20.

Abstract: An optical system and an optical apparatus capable of properly correcting chromatic aberration over a visible wavelength range are obtained. An optical system includes a diffractive optical element and a refractive optical element on at least one of an object side and an image side of a stop. The following conditions are satisfied: |??gd|>0.038 0.003<|??dC|<0.038 (?R×?d×??dC)×(??D)<0 where ?d represents an Abbe number of the refractive optical element, ?gd represents a partial dispersion ratio for a g-line and a d-line, ?dC represents a partial dispersion ratio for the d-line and a C-line, ?R represents an optical power provided when light incident and exit surfaces of the refractive optical element are both in contact with air, and ?D represents an optical power of the diffractive optical element. Here, ??gd=?gd?(?1.687×10?7·?d3+5.702×10?5·?d2?6.603×10?3·?d+1.462), and ??dC=?dC?(?0.1968?gd+0.5480).

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch utilizing aperture-shared optics and functionally distinct planes of operation that enables high fiber port counts, such as 1×41, and multiplicative expansion, such as to 1×83 or 1×145, by utilizing elements optimized for performance in one of the functionally distinct planes of operation without affecting the other plane.

Abstract: A planar optical system for wide field-of-view polychromatic imaging includes a planar waveguide including two plane parallel faces, an entry coupler including a first diffraction grating, and an exit coupler including a second diffraction grating. The diffraction gratings are low line density diffraction gratings that have a pitch greater than the wavelength of use such that the grating is adapted to couple an entry beam having a mean angle of incidence i0 ranging between 30 to 60 degrees into the waveguide by positive first order (+1) diffraction, the coupled beam defining an internal angle of incidence greater than the angle of total internal reflection and less than ?=80 degrees, and the second grating is adapted to receive the coupled beam and to diffract it out of the waveguide by negative first order (?1) diffraction at a mean exit angle i1 ranging between 30 to 60 degrees.

Abstract: A technique for shaping droplets is disclosed. Multiple optical traps, or at least one variable geometry trap, are used to deform a droplet. The surface tension of the droplet is lowered to be comparable with the force which can be applied using the optical traps, for example by using a surfactant such as Aerosol OT, with heptane droplets in a solution of sodium chloride. Solidification of deformed droplets can be achieved using polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device for displaying an image over a field of view. The device comprises: an optical arrangement for directing image bearing light from an image source so that the light has rays at a range of angles relative to an injection axis; and an optical waveguide having an input grating for diffracting into the waveguide said light over said range of angles such that all of the diffracted light is totally internally reflected within the waveguide and so that image bearing light output from the waveguide has a field of view corresponding to said range of angles, wherein the input grating is a surface relief grating having a profiled reflective surface and at least one layer of dielectric material conforming to the surface for diffracting light over said range of angles into the waveguide.

Abstract: A composite optical element includes: a single lens; a first resin layer formed on a surface of the single lens; a second resin layer formed on the first resin layer, wherein: the first resin layer has a diffraction grating of a Fresnel lens configuration; and a refractive index of the first resin layer and that of the second layer are substantially the same value for at least a light beam of one of a light beam of a wavelength ?1, a light beam of a wavelength ?2 and a light beam of a wavelength ?3 (?1<?2<?3), and the refractive index of the first resin layer and that of the second resin layer are different values for at least a light beam of another one of the light beam of the wavelength ?1, the light beam of the wavelength ?2 and the light beam of the wavelength ?3.

Abstract: Decoration of a material is enabled with a high degree of recycling properties while satisfying the requirements for putting a structural color into practical use on the industrial scale. Furthermore, whether an object is genuine or not can be verified easily, and reusing by peeling as in the case of a hologram seal is prevented. A structural body 10 has a configuration in which a periodic structure 15 causing optical diffraction is formed on part or the whole of the surface of the substrate 11.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to the generation of interference patterns using electromagnetic radiation are generally described. Some embodiments are directed to the use of such systems and methods to perform interference lithography.

Abstract: A multilayer optical device includes an arrangement, on a substrate, of a first layer, a second layer, and a space therebetween. The second layer is a thin-film. The arrangement of the first and second layers and the space therebetween produces transmitted, reflected, or dispersed spectrally modified electromagnetic energy from electromagnetic energy incident upon the arrangement. An optical function of the device is dependent at least in part on interference effects. An optical detector system includes a similar multilayer optical device. The space within the device is in fluid communication with structures for receiving a fluid such that the device operates in a first or second mode depending on absence or presence of the fluid within the space. The system includes a detector for receiving the modified electromagnetic energy, and a controller in fluid communication with the space that establishes the absence or presence of the fluid in the space.

Abstract: A plasmonic device has a plurality of nanostructures extending from a substrate. Each of the plurality of nanostructures preferably includes a core, a coating of intermediate material covering at least a portion of the core, and a coating of a plasmonic material. Devices are preferably manufactured using lithography to create the cores, and Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) to deposit the intermediate and/or plasmonic materials. Cores can be arranged in any suitable pattern, including one-dimensional or two-dimensional patterns. Devices can be used in airborne analyte detectors, in handheld roadside controlled substance detectors, in genome sequencing device, and in refraction detectors.

Abstract: In an optical scanning apparatus, the shape of a sub-scanning section of a transmissive imaging optical element on which a light beam subjected to scanning and deflected by a deflecting surface of an optical deflector is incident twice, the tilt angle of a reflective optical element disposed in an optical path between the optical deflector and a surface to be scanned, and the relationship between the transmissive imaging optical element and the reflective optical element are provided.

Abstract: Decoration of a material is enabled with a high degree of recycling properties while satisfying the requirements for putting a structural color into practical use on the industrial scale. Furthermore, whether an object is genuine or not can be verified easily, and reusing by peeling as in the case of a hologram seal is prevented. A cavity 12 having a periodic structure 13 causing optical diffraction is formed in the inside of a substrate 11, and a periodic structure 15 causing optical diffraction is formed on part or the whole of the substrate 11. These cavity interface periodic structure 13 and the substrate surface periodic structure 15 have a regular arrangement developing a structural color. In addition, by bringing a functional material to be in contact with the substrate surface periodic structure 15, development of a structural color by the substrate surface periodic structure 15 is suppressed, thereby enabling a structural color developed by the cavity interface periodic structure 13 to be read.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing and/or protecting an optical element, wherein the optical element has at least one surface comprising a profile having height differences, thereby providing cavities and elevations having a predetermined maximum height difference, includes providing a transmissive layer in the cavities and on the elevations of the optical elements, the transmissive layer having a first height in the cavities that is larger than the predetermined maximum height difference, and surfacing the transmissive layer after providing the transmissive layer such that the transmissive layer has a second height on the elevations that is substantially zero or larger, thereby providing a transmissive layer with a substantially planar surface.

Abstract: There is provided an optical film for backlight units or illuminators. The optical film comprises a light-incident portion and a light exit portion. Here, the optical film is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of protrusions formed on at least one of the light-incident portion and the light exit portion, wherein a plurality of the protrusions satisfies the requirements of the following Equation: 80×H1/3?P?200×H1/3 and 0.I×D?H?D, provided that a mean diameter of protrusions is represented by ‘D’, a mean height of protrusions is represented by 1H?, and a mean distance between adjacent protrusions is represented by ‘P’. Therefore, the optical film may be useful to suppress blocking between films and the formation of surface defects, which are caused by the Moire, Newton ring and wet-out phenomena, without degrading the brightness.