Abstract: The present invention provides a micro-lens substrate wherein a higher contrast ratio can be obtained when used in a liquid crystal panel and the like. A micro-lens substrate includes a first substrate with concaves for microlenses having a plurality of first concaves and first alignment marks formed on a first glass substrate, a second substrate with concaves for microlenses having a plurality of second concaves and second alignment marks formed on a second glass substrate, a resin layer, microlenses comprised of double convex lenses formed of a resin filled in between the first and second concaves, and spacers.

Abstract: A laser illuminating apparatus for irradiating a linear spatial light modulator comprises a bar laser having a plurality of linearly arranged emitters; a lens array having a plurality of lens units less in number than the emitters and arranged parallel to the direction of arrangement of the emitters, for causing a collimated laser beam incident on the lens units to converge at the final surface of the lens units at least on a plane including the direction of arrangement of the emitters and the optical axis; and optics for creating a superimposed far field pattern, in the direction of arrangement of the emitters, of the laser beams emitted from the bar laser onto the lens array, projecting the far field patterns divided by the lens array onto the illumination area in superimposition, and projecting near field patterns, in the direction perpendicular to the direction of arrangement of the emitters, of the laser beams emitted from the bar laser on the illumination area.

Abstract: A laser system for laser crystallization of semiconductor films. It comprises a laser source (8) for producing a laser beam having a first intensity profile (10) in one transverse direction, and a lens system (12) for modifying the first intensity profile, the lens system comprising a plurality of lens elements (20a, 20b, 40a, 40b, 64a, 64b, 66a, 66b) adapted to divide the beam into a plurality of beamlets across the first intensity profile, at least one of the beamlets outputted by the lens system being inverted relative to the others, such that a desired intensity profile (50) is generated at the output of the laser system.

Abstract: A lens system which has a first optical boundary with a radius of curvature R, a second optical boundary located substantially a distance R from the first boundary, and a third optical boundary nearer to the second optical boundary than R. Secondly, a lens system providing optical field limitation using total internal reflection. Also, an array of lenses for reproduction, capture and display of three dimensional images discussed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a micro lens array comprising a step of forming a color pattern layer including a plurality of pixels in a predetermined arrangement on a light transmitting substrate, and a step of curving surfaces of the pixels in the color pattern layer corresponding to lens surfaces, wherein in the step of curving the surfaces of the pixels, the pixels are melted by heating to cause the surfaces of the pixels to be convexly curved by surface tension.

Abstract: A lens system which has a first optical boundary with a radius of curvature R, a second optical boundary located substantially a distance R from the first boundary, and a third optical boundary nearer to the second optical boundary than R. Secondly, a lens system providing optical field limitation using total internal reflection. Also, an array of lenses for reproduction, capture and display of three dimensional images discussed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a partially transparent, directional viewing sheet formed of plastic material with convex and concave lenses, preferably lenticular lenses, formed respectively on the front and back surfaces of the sheet, there being intervening spaces with flat or convex arcuate surfaces between the concave lenses which spaces are not transparent to images and may be imprinted with an image that is viewable through the sheet from some directions. Preferably the concave lens focal length is typically about one-half of the focal length of the convex lens. Elliptical cross-section of the lenses may minimize spherical aberration and sharpen the focus. The thickness of the sheet causes focal points of the lenses to substantially coincide.

Abstract: A beam homogenizer at least includes a first optical lens for dividing a light beam into N(n′−1) beams in a vertical direction, a second optical lens for dividing the light beam into (2n+1) beams in a horizontal direction, a third optical lens for recombining the beams that are divided in the vertical and horizontal directions into (n′−1) beams while superimposing the (n′−1) beams so that they are deviated from each other in the horizontal direction, and a fourth optical lens for recombining the beams that are divided in the vertical direction.

Abstract: There is provided a structure for reducing optical loss in an optical apparatus (homogenizer) for making the intensity distribution of a laser beam uniform.

Abstract: A lenticular image product comprising: a lenticular material having an array of lenticules with cylindrical lenses; and a lenticular image associated with the lenticular material, the lenticular image having an original image having a wide angle view and at least one final image having a narrow angle view created from the original image, such that tilting of the lenticular image product produces a zoom effect between the original and final images.

Abstract: A rod lens array has a construction in which a number of rod-shaped lens elements are arrayed in at least one row between two side plates, and the clearances are filled with resin to form a single integral unit. Two side plates are formed of glass plates, the surfaces of these two glass plates facing the lens elements are flat and smooth, the outer surfaces on the opposite sides are formed with reflection-preventing portions, the side surfaces of both of the glass plates on the beam-exit side are formed with beam-shielding zones from the outer edges inwardly along almost the whole length.

Abstract: The present invention is a translucent screen comprising a plurality of spherical lenses arranged in an orthohexagonal lattice structure or a tetragonal lattice structure on a two-dimensional plane, a supporting member disposed at the incident side of the spherical lenses, a diffusion plate which is disposed at the emission side of the spherical lenses where the surface at the side facing the spherical lenses is the diffusion surface, and a shield which connects the spherical lenses, defines the entrance aperture at the incident side and functions as a black matrix at the emission side, wherein the luminous flux entering diagonally is converted to the luminous flux which center is a direction approximately vertical to the main surface of the translucent screen, and are emitted.

Abstract: A zoomable light beam spreader comprising first and second multiple-lens arrays includes a plurality of plano-convex lenses in correspondence with a plurality of plano-concave lenses having matched, curved optical surfaces. In a zero-power state, the two multiple-lens arrays are very closely spaced so that the matched convex and concave surfaces effectively cancel each other optically but, as the two arrays are separated coaxially along the axis of a light beam, beam divergence angle increases as a function of the distance of separation. A large amount of beam divergence is obtained when the curved surfaces of the plano-concave lenses of the second array are positioned beyond the focus points of the plano-convex lenses of the first array.

Abstract: There is provided an improvement on homogeneity of annealing performed utilizing radiation of a laser beam on a silicon film having a large area. In a configuration wherein a linear laser beam is applied to a surface to be irradiated, optimization is carried out on the width and number of cylindrical lenses forming homogenizers 103 and 104 for controlling the distribution of radiation energy density in the longitudinal direction of the linear beam. For example, the width of the cylindrical lenses forming the homogenizers 103 and 104 is set in the range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the number of the lenses is chosen such that one lens is provided for every 5 mm-15 mm along the length of the linear laser beam in the longitudinal direction thereof. This makes it possible to improve homogeneity of the radiation energy density of the linear laser in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A high performance optical imaging system can be provided by minimizing the overlapping degree m, increasing the quantity of light of the rod lens array and improving the resolving power while taking into account the irregularity of the quantity of light when a dislocation between a sensor and an optical axis of an entire rod lens array occurs. In the optical imaging system, a plurality of rod lenses with a refractive index distribution in the radial direction are arranged in two rows in a rod lens array with their optical axes in parallel to each other. This optical imaging system focuses light from a manuscript plane onto an image plane, the planes being arranged on the two sides of the rod lens array. The overlapping degree m defined as the following equation (Eq. 10) is in a range of 0.91≦m≦1.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the structure of the array lens that at least any one of the diagonal size, vertical size and lateral size of lens cell is set to almost 1/(4.5 or more) for each corresponding size of the display elements, the structure that the diagonal size of lens cell is set to almost 0.18 inch or less, the structure that the total number of lens cells is set to almost 240 or more and the structure that the lens focal distance of lens cell is set to almost 30 mm or less.

Abstract: A method of detecting the relative skew between a reference beam and transparent lenticular material of the type having a repeating pattern of cylindrical lenses, comprising the steps of: forming a beam of light; focusing the beam of light into a line with a width smaller than the pitch of the cylindrical lenses onto the lenticular material; moving the lenticular material relative to the beam in a direction such that the beam crosses the longitudinal axes of the cylindrical lenses to modulate the angle of reflection or refraction of the beam of light; and sensing the position of the line of modulated beam of light along a line parallel to the longitudinal axes of the cylindrical lenses to determine the skew or relative angular location of lenticular material to the focused line.

Abstract: An illuminating system for the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) microlithography (at 157 nm) is disclosed and has a VUV light source (1), refractive optical elements of fluoride, at least one microlens array (3, 5) functioning as an element for increasing the light conductance value, and at least one honeycomb condenser (7a, 7b). The honeycomb condenser is preferably configured of crossed cylinder lens arrays.

Abstract: There is provided an improvement on homogeneity of annealing performed utilizing radiation of a laser beam on a silicon film having a large area. In a configuration wherein a linear laser beam is applied to a surface to be irradiated, optimization is carried out on the width and number of cylindrical lenses forming homogenizers 103 and 104 for controlling the distribution of radiation energy density in the longitudinal direction of the linear beam. For example, the width of the cylindrical lenses forming the homogenizers 103 and 104 is set in the range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the number of the lenses is chosen such that one lens is provided for every 5 mm-15 mm along the length of the linear laser beam in the longitudinal direction thereof. This makes it possible to improve homogeneity of the radiation energy density of the linear laser in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: An optical beam shaping system has optical elements arranged in a radiation bundle in part designed as lens arrays each having each several lenses for sensing partial radial bundles, their lens surface (3) being shaped into an optically active interface (2, 2′) of a monolithic optical element (1). In order to provide a beam shaping system which can more effectively influence the beam parameters than the known prior art beam shaping systems and which has a more simple design, the interface (2, 2′) has a curved basic shape.

Abstract: A plurality of first cylindrical lenses aligned in an array, having a collecting function with respect to an alignment direction parallel to the array, to collect luminous flux from a body to be imaged. A first reflective collector-surface having a reflective collecting function with respect to a perpendicular direction perpendicular to the alignment direction collects the luminous flux from the plurality of first cylindrical lenses, and provides a collected parallel luminous flux to a plurality of roof-mirror type reflective plane-pairs or to a plurality of right-angle prisms. The plurality of roof-mirror type reflective plane-pairs or right-angle prisms reflects the luminous flux toward a second reflective collector-surface disposed for convergence of the luminous flux with respect to the perpendicular direction.

Abstract: There is provided an improvement on homogeneity of annealing performed utilizing radiation of a laser beam on a silicon film having a large area. In a configuration wherein a linear laser beam is applied to a surface to be irradiated, optimization is carried out on the width and number of cylindrical lenses forming homogenizers 103 and 104 for controlling the distribution of radiation energy density in the longitudinal direction of the linear beam. For example, the width of the cylindrical lenses forming the homogenizers 103 and 104 is set in the range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the number of the lenses is chosen such that one lens is provided for every 5 mm-15 mm along the length of the linear laser beam in the longitudinal direction thereof. This makes it possible to improve homogeneity of the radiation energy density of the linear laser in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical array for symmetrization of the beam of multiple sequentially fixed adjacent laser diodes, their respective output radiation being asymmetrical in relation to a first and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other. A cylindrical lens with sufficient isoplanacy is mounted on the tilted optical axis (z axis), which is perpendicular to the plane predetermined by the two directions (x, y). The lens collimates and displaces the output beam bundle of the individual laser diodes in the first direction (x). The cylindrical lens is mounted downstream a directional element that deflects the beam bundle of the individual laser diodes in the second direction (y) with different deflecting angles respectively in such a way that the centers of gravity of the individual beam bundles converge at a predetermined spacing.

Abstract: In a laser irradiating method, the distribution of an energy within a laser beam is unified using an optical system including: a cylindrical lens group 202 including a plurality of constituent lenses each having a width W for dividing a light into N(n-1) sections along a width direction of the beam; a parallelogram cylindrical lens group 501 having substantially an angle X defined by .vertline.tan X.vertline.=W/(d/(n-1)) for dividing the light into (2n+1) sections along a longitudinal direction of the beam; a parallelogram cylindrical lens 502 having substantially the angle X defined by .vertline.tan X.vertline.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image capture device of this invention includes: an image capturing face on which light from an object is incident; an optical element disposed on a side of the image capturing face on which the light is incident, the optical element converting an angle at which the light is incident thereon to a distance from an optical axis the optical element; and an afocal optical system including a plurality of lenses, wherein the afocal optical system forms, on the optical element, an image of the object formed on one of the plurality of lenses which is closest to the object.

Abstract: A planar microlens array 1 includes an array of microlenses 3 made of a synthetic resin having a high refractive index and formed on a surface of one of a base glass plate 2 and a cover glass plate 4, and an adhesive layer 5 made of a synthetic resin having a low refractive index standing between the array of microlenses 3 and the other of the base glass plate 2 and the cover glass plate 4, wherein the equations (Eqs. 1-5) are satisfied, where, n.sub.1 represents the refractive index of the synthetic resin having a high refractive index, n.sub.2 represents the refractive index of the synthetic resin having a low refractive index, t.sub.1 represents the thickness of the thickest portion of the sphere portion of the microlenses, t.sub.2 represents said thickness of the rest portion of the microlenses and t.sub.3 represents the thickness of the thinnest portion of the adhesive layer.1.59.ltoreq.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.1.68 (Eq. 1)1.38.ltoreq.n.sub.2 .ltoreq.1.42 (Eq. 2)5.ltoreq.t.sub.1 .ltoreq.30 (.mu.m) (Eq. 3)t.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display apparatus having light source means for emitting a light beam having a predetermined shape, a transmission type display device for displaying an image, a micro optical element arranged between the light source means and the display device and having different optical effects in horizontal and vertical directions, the micro optical element irradiating the light beam emitted by the light source means onto the display device by giving directivity to the light beam to split the light beam into at least two regions, and adjusting means for adjusting an interval between the light source means and the micro optical element in correspondence with an image displayed on the display device.

Abstract: An optical device for homogenizing a laser beam includes a plurality of abutting front lenses (LF.sub.nm) for dividing the laser beam to be homogenized into m.times.n laser beams, each having a substantially uniform cross section, and a substantially homogeneous energy distribution; a first intermediate plane (PI1) located in the focal plane of the front lenses (LF.sub.mn) and having a plurality of entrance pupils (PE.sub.ij) each of which is arranged at the focus of a front lens (LF.sub.mn) selected among said plurality of front lenses (LF.sub.mn); a second intermediate plane (PI2) having a plurality of exit pupils (PS.sub.ij), a collection lens (LC) capable of collecting the beams from the plurality of exit pupils (PS.sub.ij); and optical transmission means for individually transmitting the light beams from the plurality of entrance pupils (PS.sub.ij) to the plurality of exit pupils (PS.sub.kj).

Abstract: An optical device for homogenizing a laser beam is described. Such a device is commonly used in the surface treatment of an object. The device consists of front lenses that are bonded together to form an assembly of lenses that breaks the laser light into multiple beams. This results in the homogenization of the gaussian profile of the beam intensity as viewed perpendicular to the beam's propagation. Advantageously the matrix of lenses is formed using groves or bevels in a manner that minimizes losses resulting from light impinging on glue disposed upon the entire lateral surface of the front lenses. In the invention gaps between front lenses that cause interference with the light path are eliminated. This gap free bonding is accomplished by filling the groves or bevels with glue, inserting a rod or wire into the grove to assemble the front lenses in a support frame, bonding a grill to assembled front lenses, or by using a combination of gluing with a support frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for irradiating an irradiation surface with a laser light having a linear or rectangular shape. A homogenizer operates on the principle that variations in the light intensity profile of an original beam as emitted from a laser device are dispersed by passing the original beam through two multi-cylindrical lenses. The directions of the respective multi-cylindrical lenses are set so as not to be parallel with the beam movement direction. Thus, an uniformity of annealing by irradiating with a laser light is improved.

Abstract: Modular display system having LED pixels and lenses aligned to the LED's to increase intensity, increase view angle and increase overall viewability. Louvers align along the LED's and lenses to shade the LED's and lenses from ambient light to increase viewability. Modular display panels which contain the LED's, lenses, louvers and other associated components are accessible from the front and back for changeover or repair.

Abstract: Monolithic microlens frames enable the fabrication of monolithic laser diode arrays and are manufactured inexpensively with high registration, and with inherent focal length compensation for any lens diameter variation. A monolithic substrate is used to fabricate a low-cost microlens array. The substrate is wet-etched or sawed with a series of v-grooves. The v-grooves can be created by wet-etching, by exploiting the large etch-rate selectivity of different crystal planes. The v-grooves provide a support frame for either cylindrical or custom-shaped microlenses. Because the microlens frames are formed by photolithographic semiconductor batch-processing techniques, they can be formed inexpensively over large areas with precise lateral and vertical registration. The v-groove has an important advantage for preserving the correct focus for lenses of varying diameter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing sequential temporal and spatial integration of a collimated non-symmetrical excimer laser beam to optimize the temporal and spatial characteristics of the beam. The temporal integrator comprises a pair of cylindrical lenses spaced along the beam axis by a distance substantially equal to the sum of the focal length of both lenses, and a motor mechanism for rotating the two spaced cylindrical lenses about the beam axis. The spatial beam integrator includes a plurality of prisms distributed about a hollow center, the outlet face of each prism being angled with respect to the body axis of the spatial beam integrator so that portions of the laser beam passing through a given prism are refracted towards the center upon emergence from the outlet face.

Abstract: An electric type paper display having memory properties, rapid response times and multi-optical optical property display with an image of high quality is made. Each display element is wholly in contact with liquid in a cavity and the surface of each display element has a portion with a most positive charge. When an electrical field is applied from the outside, each display element is turned correspondingly to the direction of the electric field and, then electrically migrated through the liquid and attached to the inner surface of the cavity. Among multiple display surfaces of each display element an optical property is selected according to an image signal and is visible through a transparent support to an observer. Afterwards, the attached state of each display element, i.e.

Abstract: A microlens for a multiple emitter laser diode consists of narrow slices cut out from molded aspheric lenses. Each slice is mounted in front of one emitter and the slice position is adjusted in the cross-emitter direction to have all emitter images aligned in a straight line, thus compensating for any lack of straightness in the multiple emitter diode.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a zoom device which is built up of several lenses wherein at least one parallel entry beam is changed with respect to its diameter. The exit beam has the same optical axis as the entry beam. The zoom device of the invention is assembled from several zoom systems. The optical axes of the lenses of the different zoom systems are arranged so as to be mutually parallel or at least in a fixed spatial relationship so that in a beam made up of many individual beams the defined diameter remains constant because of the axes of the outer individual beams.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the illumination system for a scanner incorporates an excimer laser whose square beam is incident upon a two-dimensional array of lenses. The light exiting the array is made incident on a long focal length lens for creating nearly parallel rays. The combination of the array and the long focal length lens causes the resulting square beam at the focal plane of the long focal length lens to have a substantially uniform intensity across its area. An array of cylindrical lenses receives these nearly parallel rays. The light output of the cylindrical lens array is then made incident on a first positive lens whose focal length is longer than the distance between the cylindrical lens array and the first positive lens. A second positive lens is located of the focal plane of the first positive lens. This results in all light rays from the cylindrical lenses which have the same angle to be focused at the same point on the second positive lens.

Abstract: A beamsplitter/staggerer (24) for multi-beam laser printers is disclosed. The multi-beam laser printer is comprised of the beamsplitter/staggerer (24), a spatial light modulator (16) having at least two rows of staggered modulator pixel elements (19), and an illumination system comprised of a laser array (10) and an optical system (13) which provides a narrow line of laser light. The beamsplitter/staggerer is adapted to split the narrow line of laser light into at least two parallel lines of light, and to split each of the parallel lines of light into regions, such that substantially all of the light from the illumination system falls onto each of the modulator pixel elements (19) in each of the rows. In one embodiment, the beamsplitter/staggerer comprises a pattern of reflecting areas (26) and transmitting areas (27) wherein a shape of the regions defined by the beamsplitter/staggerer matches a shape of the modulator pixel elements (19).

Abstract: A lenslet array system for imaging an associated object onto a final image plane includes (i) a first lens assembly including a field limiting mask and a first lenslet array having an associated image plane, (ii) a second assembly including a rear lenslet array, and (iii) a middle lenslet array located between the first and said rear lenslet array. The first lenslet array accepts a full field of view subtends by the associated object and forms a plurality of image sections of the associated object on an intermediate image plane. The first lenslet array includes a plurality of positive power lenslets, each of the plurality of lenslets having a focal length f.sub.1 and accepting a unique segment of the full field of view subtended by the associated object. These segments of the full field of view together comprise the full field of view, and each of the lenslets forms one image section corresponding to its segment of the full field of view. The rear lenslet array has a plurality of positive power lenslets.

Abstract: Picture display device (1) comprising an illumination system (3) provided with a light source (5) for generating a light beam. The device (1) also comprises a picture display panel (9) having a matrix of pixels (10) for modulating said light beam in conformity with picture information to be displayed. A first microlens array (13) having a plurality of first lenses (15) and a pitch .DELTA.w.sub.1 is present between the illumination system (3) and the picture display panel 9. A second microlens array (17) having a plurality of second lenses (19) and a pitch .DELTA.w.sub.2 is present between the first microlens array (13) and the picture display panel (9). The focal planes of the two microlens arrays coincide and .DELTA.w.sub.1 =.DELTA.w.sub.2 =.DELTA..sub.w applies to the pitches. The first lenses (15) have dimensions which are substantially equal to the dimensions of the second lenses (19).

Abstract: A fly-eye lens in accordance with the present invention comprises a plurality of lens elements which are arranged in two-dimensionally close contact with each other so as to connect light-entering and light-exit surfaces of the lens elements to each other, while at least three refractive surfaces with a predetermined refractive power are disposed between the light-entering and light-exit surfaces in each of the lens elements. Here, each of the plurality of lens elements has an identical focal length f and, concering a bundle of rays which enters each of the lens elements in parallel to its optical axis with a maximum incident height h.sub.max and then is emitted therefrom with an exit angle .theta..sub.max, substantially satisfies a conditional expression:h.sub.max =f.multidot.sin .theta..sub.maxAccordingly, the plurality of lens elements substantially satisfy a sine condition, whereby the fly-eye lens forms a perfect diffusing surface light source.

Abstract: Laser diode bars with a plurality of light emitting facets have the light from those facets coupled into corresponding fibers of a fiber optic bundle via a microlens having a superconic cross section. An improvement in energy coupling of the typically less than 85 percent to up to 95 percent is achieved.

Abstract: A security device includes an array of microimages which, when viewed through a corresponding array of substantially spherical microlenses, generates a magnified image. In some cases, the array of microlenses is bonded to the array of microimages.

Abstract: A 3D projection display comprises an autostereoscopic image producing unit which directs light beams corresponding to respective 2D views in different directions towards a projection lens. The projection lens co-operates with the image producing unit to image the light beams at respective different regions in the aperture of the projection lens. A light-transmissive screen co-operates with the image producing unit and the projection lens to image the views at the screen. The screen may comprise a Fresnel lens, or where a magnified image of increased angular spread is required, a double lenticular screen angular amplifier.

Abstract: A method of exposing an integral imaging element having: an integral lens sheet with opposed front and back surfaces; and a light sensitive layer positioned behind the back surface;the method comprising the steps of:exposing the light sensitive layer with light from behind the back surface;wherein the element additionally has an anti-halation layer on at least a portion of the front surface of the lens sheet which anti-halation layer, during exposure, reduces the amount of exposing light which would otherwise be reflected back toward the light sensitive layer from the front surface.A system which can use the above method, and an integral image element of a type which can be produced by it, are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to microlenses of the solid state image sensing element and the method for fabricating the microlenses of the solid image sensing elements, which provides a solid state image sensing element including a substrate, photo diode areas each having a plurality of photo diodes in matrix array formed on the substrate, a flat area formed over the substrate including the photo diode areas, color filter layers formed in predetermined areas on the flat area, a top coating layer formed over the substrate including the color filter areas, stripe microlenses each having a flat upper surface arranged correspond corresponding to the photo diodes arranged in one direction in the photo diode areas and formed on the top coating layer, and mosaic microlenses formed on the flat upper surface of the stripe microlens each arranged corresponding to each of the photo diodes in the photo diode area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing sequential temporal and spatial integration of a collimated non-symmetrical excimer laser beam to optimize the temporal and spatial characteristics of the beam. The temporal integrator comprises a pair of cylindrical lenses spaced along the beam axis by a distance substantially equal to the sum of the focal length of both lenses, and a motor mechanism for rotating the two spaced cylindrical lenses about the beam axis. The spatial beam integrator includes a plurality of prisms distributed about a hollow center, the outlet face of each prism being angled with respect to the body axis of the spatial beam integrator so that portions of the laser beam passing through a given prism are refracted towards the center upon emergence from the outlet face.

Abstract: A device for preventing a false lighting phenomenon is provided between a light source of the main body of a signal lamp and e cover lens for preventing the signal lamp from presenting a false lighting phenomenon. The device for preventing a false lighting phenomenon comprises a pair of complex spherical lenses formed by many numbers of spheres arranged in a matrix on planes, and configured in a chain form in which the contact points, front, rear, left and right sides, of each of the spheres truncate the spheres forming a gapless interface while the upper and lower spherical surfaces are left intact to function as spherical lenses.

Abstract: An optical apparatus, for correcting deviations from straightness of an array of laser emitters in generally aligned positions along an array direction, includes a plurality of mirrors along the light beam paths and positioned to reflect its associated light beam along a folded light beam path. Individual mirrors are selectively displaced along its associated light beam path in a direction so as to align the reflected light beams from all of the plurality of mirrors along the folded light beam path, thereby to correct for any deviation of a laser emitter from the straight, array direction line of the laser emitters. According to a preferred embodiment, a plurality of lenslets having power in at least the array direction are positioned in the light beam paths between the laser emitters and the mirrors such that each lenslet receives the light from an associated laser emitter in the array.

Abstract: An apparatus for coupling a broad emitting area laser diode made of multiple emitters operating in parallel to a linear light valve. The apparatus images each one of the emitters onto the linear light valve, superimposing them in order to increase the immunity to defects occuring in any individual emitter.