Abstract: An image pickup optical system OP includes first and second prisms P1, P2 for bending incident light at an almost right angle. Optical axis AX at the incident surface of first prism P1 and optical axis AX at the outgoing surface of second prism P2 are almost parallel with each other. There is a lens element forming at least one power group on the optical path between first and second prisms P1, P2, wherein a power group closest to the incident surface of second prism P2 is a positive power group. The incident surface of second prism P2 has a concaved surface shape facing the object side, and the following conditional expressions are satisfied: ?4.2<fp2/f<?0.2 (fp2: a focal length of the second prism, f: is a focal length of the entire image pickup optical system), and 0.2<|f_1p/fp2|<1.5 (f_1p: a focal length of the power group closest to the incident surface of the second prism).

Abstract: A device for shaping laser radiation, in particular for laser radiation emitted by a laser diode bar, has at least one substrate with a plurality of refractive boundary surfaces through which the laser radiation to be produced can pass in such a way that at least two partial beams of the laser radiation, which, prior to their passage, are adjacently arranged in a first direction, are adjacently arranged after their passage through the refractive boundary surfaces in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction. The refractive boundary surfaces are formed at a substrate or at substrates that are connected to one another.

Abstract: An imaging device is provided with an imaging sensor having a rectangular imaging surface, an image-forming optical system for forming an image onto the imaging surface, and a prism disposed between the image-forming optical system and the imaging sensor for bending an optical path. A mask, having a rectangular opening, limits light that is to be incident on the imaging sensor. The aspect ratio (long side/short side) of the mask rectangular opening of the mask is larger than that of the rectangular imaging surface, and the peripheral light quantity difference between the short and long sides on the rectangular imaging surface is smaller than in the case of these two aspect ratios being equal to each other.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes: a first lens group with a positive refractive power, including a reflection optical element; a second lens group with a negative refractive power; a third lens group with a positive refractive power; a fourth lens group with a positive refractive power; and a fifth lens group with a negative refractive power. A power of the zoom lens varies by moving the second lens group, the fourth lens group, and the fifth lens group along an optical axis. A negative lens in the first lens group or a positive lens in the second lens group satisfies the predetermined conditions relating to a refractive index and an Abbe number.

Abstract: Illumination lenses having surfaces shaped according to given differential equations in order to distribute light in a highly controlled manner with minimum reflection losses are provided. These lenses also have surfaces angled and arranged in such a way that they can be molded with relatively simple molds.

Abstract: An imaging optical system, including an imaging lens group, an image side prism having an entrance surface a reflection surface and an exit surface from which light exits toward an image pickup device, and a first shielding member shielding at least a part of a region on the entrance surface, wherein the region on the entrance surface is located from an edge line of an apex between the entrance surface and the exit surface to a position corresponding to a height h from the edge line, and when L represents a length of the exit surface, ? represents an angle formed between the reflection surface and the exit surface, n represents a refractive index of a surrounding area of the image side prism, and n? represents a refractive index of the image side prism, the height h satisfies a following condition: h=L×cos {?+sin?1(n/n?)}.

Abstract: An objective lens for optical pickup and an optical pickup apparatus having the same are provided. The objective lens for optical pickup includes a light source side lens surface and a disc side lens surface. The light source side lens surface and the disc side lens surface each include an effective region disposed at a central region of the objective lens and a non-effective region disposed outside the effective region. An optical path changing element, disposed in the non-effective region of at least one of the light source side lens surface and the disc side lens surface, changes a path of light incident thereon.

Abstract: A projection display system and method is provided. One or more light sources, such as solid state lasers, generates light of various colors that is modulated by a spatial light modulator, such as a digital micro-mirror device. The projection optics of the system include a telecentric rear group of lenses followed by a pair of aspheric lenses formed of a continuous piece of material. A folding mirror, such as a single-piece or multi-piece angular mirror, is disposed along the optical path between the aspheric lenses, to reduce the depth of the enclosure, and an aspheric mirror projects the image onto a projection screen. A folding mirror may be used after the aspheric mirror to further reduce the depth of the enclosure.

Abstract: A lens barrel that is capable of miniaturizing an image pickup apparatus by decreasing an area that is occupied by transmission mechanisms. A lens group is movable along a first optical axis. A cam barrel moves the lens group. A first transmission mechanism transmits a driving force of a driving source to the cam barrel. A bending optical element is movable along a second optical axis that intersects the first optical axis. An element driver moves the bending optical element between a taking position and an escape position along the second optical axis. A second transmission mechanism transmits a driving force of a driving source to the element driver. The second transmission mechanism is arranged within an arrangement area of the first transmission mechanism when viewing in the direction of the first optical axis.

Abstract: A system comprises means (PL; MI) for projecting an image light beam (ILB) on a projection area (PA) for display of an image (PI) on the projection area (PA), and means (1) for generating an ambient light beam (ALB; ALB1, ALB2) and comprising: an ambient light source (LS; LS1, LS2) for generating ambient light, a collimator (CO) or a light-guide (LG1, LG2) for receiving the ambient light to supply the ambient light beam (ALB; ALB1, ALB2), and a reflector (RF; RF1, RF2) for reflecting the ambient light beam (ALB; ALB1, ALB2) towards the projection area (PA) to obtain an ambient lighting area (ALI) adjacent the image (PI).

Abstract: The invention relates to an omnidirectional lens, an optical measuring device, and a method for optical measurement. The lens comprises a central portion, collecting optically in a first direction, and an edge portion, which surrounds the central portion, and which is arranged to guide the light arriving at the edge portion omnidirectionally relative to the said first direction essentially transversely relative to the said first direction. According to the invention, the edge portion is arranged to guide the light through the central portion. With the aid of the invention, it is possible to create, for example, a simpler laser radar.

Abstract: An objective having a plurality of optical elements arranged to image a pattern from an object field to an image field at an image-side numerical aperture NA>0.8 with electromagnetic radiation from a wavelength band around a wavelength ? includes a number N of dioptric optical elements, each dioptric optical element i made from a transparent material having a normalized optical dispersion ?ni=ni(?0)?ni(?0+1 pm) for a wavelength variation of 1 pm from a wavelength ?0. The objective satisfies the relation ? ? i = 1 N ? ? ? ? n i ? ( s i - d i ) ? ? 0 ? NA 4 ? A for any ray of an axial ray bundle originating from a field point on an optical axis in the object field, where si is a geometrical path length of a ray in an ith dioptric optical element having axial thickness di and the sum extends on all dioptric optical elements of the objective. Where A=0.2 or below, spherochromatism is sufficiently corrected.

Abstract: A lens includes a lens portion which condenses light; a reflecting flat portion which is formed in a periphery of the lens portion and reflects parallel light to be irradiated to the reflecting flat portion in a direction opposite to the irradiation direction; and a flange portion which is adhered to a lens holder by an adhesive. An applied portion of the adhesive which is formed on the flange portion is inclined with respect to the reflecting flat portion.

Abstract: An optical system for observing front and lateral objects includes a negative front group having a reflective refractive element, an aperture stop, and a positive rear group having a moving lens unit that is movable along the optical axis. The reflective refractive element includes a front-object-side first face having a transmitting surface and a reflective surface annularly formed around the transmitting surface, an image-side second face having a transmitting surface and a reflective surface annularly formed around the transmitting surface, and a face formed as a transmitting surface between the first and second faces. The optical system performs focusing onto an object while hardly changing, in the entire observation area, an area in which an image of the front object is formed, by moving the moving lens unit to the extent that the refractive powers of the front and rear groups hardly change relative to each other.

Abstract: A zoom lens disposed between an object side and an image side and including a first, second, third, and fourth lens group is provided. The first lens group has a negative refractive power and includes a first lens and a prism arranged in sequence from the object side to the image side. The first lens is an aspheric lens. A distance between the first lens and the prism is L, an effective focal length of the zoom lens at a wide-end is fw, and 1.58<L/fw<1.88. The second lens group disposed between the first lens group and the image side has a positive power and includes a first double cemented lens. The third lens group disposed between the second lens group and the image side has a negative power and includes a second double cemented lens. The fourth lens group has a positive power.

Abstract: An optical element that is made of a transparent medium L1 rotationally symmetric relative to the central axis 2 with a refractive index greater than 1, wherein the transparent medium L1 has a first transmissive surface 11, a first reflective surface 12, a second reflective surface 13 arranged at an opposite side to the image plane 5 relative to the first reflective surface 12 and a second transmissive surface 14 arranged at the image plane 5 side relative to the second reflective surface 13 and that the flux of light entering the transparent medium L1 goes into it by way of the first transmissive surface 11 so as to be reflected to the opposite side to the image plane 5 by the first reflective surface 12 and then to the image plane 5 side by the second reflective surface 13 to form an optical path before going out from the transparent medium L1 at the image plane 5 side by way of the second transmissive surface 14 in the order of forward ray tracing.

Abstract: An optical system for observation of a front-direction object and a substantially-lateral-direction object includes, in order from the front-direction-object side, a front group with a negative refracting power having a reflecting/refracting optical element, an aperture stop, and a rear group with a positive refracting power having a moving lens component movable along the optical axis. The reflecting/refracting optical element has a first face formed on the front-direction-object side, a second face formed on the image side, and a third face formed as a transmitting surface between the first face and the second face. The first face has a first transmitting surface formed with the optical axis being at a center thereof and a first reflecting surface annularly formed around the first transmitting surface and directed toward an image side.

Abstract: A fixed-focus lens capable of imaging a light valve disposed at a reduced side onto a magnified side is provided. The fixed-focus lens includes a first lens group, a second lens group, and a free form reflective mirror. The first lens group is disposed in the light path between the reduced side and the magnified side. The second lens group is disposed in the light path between the first lens group and the magnified side and includes a first free form lens. The free form reflective mirror is disposed in the light path between the second lens group and the magnified side. An imaging surface imaged from the light valve by the fixed-focus lens is a curved surface. An imaging system using the fixed-focus lens is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are high numerical (NA) catadioptric objectives without a central obscuration, and applications thereof. Such objectives can operate through a wide spectral bandwidth of radiation, including deep ultraviolet (DUV) radiation. Importantly, refractive elements in the catadioptric objectives can be manufactured from a single type of material (such as, for example, CaF2 and/or fused silica). In addition, the elements of such catadioptric objectives are rotationally symmetric about an optical axis. The catadioptric objectives eliminate the central obscuration by (1) using a polarized beamsplitter (which passes radiation of a first polarization and reflects radiation of a second polarization), and/or (2) using one or more folding mirrors to direct off-axis radiation into the pupil of the catadioptric objective. An example catadioptric objective is shown in FIG. 2.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a plurality of lens groups having at least first, second and third lens groups arranged in order from an object side. The first lens group has a positive refractive power which is firmly secured when the magnification is changed, the second lens group has a negative refractive power which is shifted to the image side when the magnification is changed from the wide angle end to the telescopic end, and the third lens group has a positive refractive power which is firmly secured when the magnification is changed. The first lens group is configured by arranging, in order from the object side, a single lens having a negative refractive power, a prism having a reflection surface to create a 90° bend in a light path, and at least one single lens having a positive refractive power.

Abstract: An optical element is made of a transparent medium that is rotationally symmetric relative to the central axis with a refractive index greater than 1. The transparent medium has a first transmissive surface at the outermost periphery relative to the central axis, a first reflective surface at the side of the central axis relative to the first transmissive surface, a second reflective surface at the side opposite to the image plane relative to the first reflective surface and a second transmissive surface at the side of the image plane relative to the second reflective surface. The flux of light enters and proceeds through the transparent medium via the first transmissive surface, the first reflective surface, the second reflective surface and the second transmissive surface to form an optical path. The optical path is formed only at a side relative to the central axis.

Abstract: A reflaxicon system comprising two or more reflaxicons, either, neither, or both of which can be formed of solid light transmitting material, is provided and described for use and implementation as objectives, relays, and beam expanders. Each reflaxicon features a central substantially cone shaped surface and a distal surface shaped like a truncated cone with both of said surfaces aligned with and symmetrically arranged around a central axis. In the system provided said central axes are aligned and form the optical axis of the system and further curvatures can be provided to any of said surfaces as well as to incident and exiting system surfaces to provide additional optical effects as required for different applications. Further, the conical surfaces forming the central reflectors can each or both be convex or concave, with ease of construction mitigating in favor of dual concave central reflectors as the preferred embodiment.

Abstract: An optical assembly for a system for inspecting or measuring of an object is provided that is configured to move as a unit with a system, as the system is pointed at a target, and eliminates the need for a large scanning (pointing) mirror that is moveable relative to other parts of the system. The optical assembly comprises catadioptric optics configured to fold the optical path of the pointing beam and measurement beam that are being directed through the outlet of the system, to compress the size of the optical assembly.

Abstract: An image forming optical element is provided, in which a first lens, a second lens, and a light guiding unit that leads the light input from the first lens, to the second lens, the light guiding unit has a curved shape of a first curve portion and a second curve portion from the first lens to the second lens, a first reflection face that reflects the light input from the first lens, to the second curve portion, is formed on an outer peripheral face of the first curve portion, a second reflection face that reflects the reflected light to the second lens is formed on an outer peripheral face of the second curve portion, the light input to the first lens travels in the transparent medium until reading the second lens, is output from the second lens, and then forms an image at magnification of erection equal-magnification.

Abstract: An image forming optical element is provided, in which an incident unit having a first lens face to which a light beam output from an original document (object) is input, an output unit having a second lens face outputting the light beam, and a bent unit connecting the incident unit and the output unit at an angle are integrally formed into a transparent medium. The bent unit has a reflection face reflecting the incident light beam input to the first lens face and guiding the light beam to the second lens face. The incident light beam is collected at any of the incident unit, the bent unit, and the output unit to form an intermediate image of the object, and the intermediate image is formed on the output side of the second lens face to form an erection image of the object.

Abstract: An article comprises an optically transmissive substrate comprising a plurality of functional elements and an integral fiducial mark. The substrate has a critical angle for total internal reflection, and a length and a width defining a reference plane. The substrate comprises an integral fiducial mark disposed on the major surface. The integral fiducial mark comprises at least one substantially ellipse-like feature formed by first and second frustoconical surfaces that together with a reference line that is normal to the reference plane define respective first and second half angles. The first and second half angles are less than or equal to 90 degrees minus the critical angle for total internal reflection expressed in degrees. A method comprises: providing an optically transmissive substrate according to the present disclosure; precisely detecting a position of the fiducial mark with aid of a machine vision system; and optionally precisely aligning the substrate.

Abstract: A panoramic imaging system that uses a second imager, in addition to a full field imager, that provides zoom capabilities with minimal moving parts. The second imager provides the ability to focus on and identify objects of interest that are detected by the full field imager. A steerable beam splitter can be provided to direct images to the full field imager and the zoom imager. The panoramic imaging system can be used in a number of different areas, for example surveillance or reconnaissance systems or in a sense and avoid type of collision avoidance system for aircraft including unmanned aerial vehicles.

Abstract: Optical elements having components made from high refractive index materials (RI?1.6) and lamp assemblies incorporating such elements. Various optical elements, such as total internal reflection lenses, can be fabricated from materials having a higher index of refraction than materials typically used in such elements. The compact optical elements have at least one internal reflection surface that directs radiant energy (e.g., light) from a receiving end to a transmitting end. By using a high refractive index material, a lens can be fabricated that directs a greater portion of the light emitted from a source into the lens toward the transmitting end of the lens. Thus, less of the light spills out of the lens at a surface where emission is not intended, reducing the number of lossy bounces needed to direct the light in a particular direction.

Abstract: A compact zoom lens system includes, in order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis thereof, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having positive refractive power and a third lens group also having positive refractive power. The first lens group is stationary and includes a reflecting element for bending the optical path. The second and third lens groups are movable along the optical axis, and each of the first, second and third lens groups has at least one aspheric lens surface. When zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, the second lens group moves toward the object side and the third lens group moves toward the image side, so as to reduce the spacing between the first and second lens groups and increase the spacing between the second and third lens groups. By this specific optical configuration, the compact zoom lens system has the advantages of small size, simple structure, low cost, good reliability and better image quality.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, first and second lens units respectively having positive and negative refractive powers, a reflecting prism for bending an optical path, and a rear lens group including lens units. At least the first and second lens units move for zooming. During retraction into a storage state, the prism moves to a position different from a position in an image taking state, and at least a part of the first and second lens units is retracted into a space formed by movement of the prism. Thicknesses of the first and second lens units, a moving amount of the first lens unit during zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, a focal length of the first lens unit, and a focal length of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end are set properly.

Abstract: In general, in a first aspect, the invention features a system that includes a microlithography projection optical system. The microlithography projection optical system includes a plurality of elements arranged so that during operation the plurality of elements image radiation at a wavelength ? from an object plane to an image plane. At least one of the elements is a reflective element that has a rotationally-asymmetric surface positioned in a path of the radiation. The rotationally-asymmetric surface deviates from a rotationally-symmetric reference surface by a distance of about ? or more at one or more locations of the rotationally-asymmetric surface.

Abstract: A projection image display device is disclosed in which a trapezoidal distortion and/or aberration are restrained when an image is enlarged and projected obliquely onto a screen. An image generator is connected to an optical system base in such a manner that at least an inclination thereof (on an axis parallel to X axis) with respect to a vertical line and a distance thereof in forward and backward direction (Z axis direction) can be adjusted by an adjusting mechanism. Further, a projecting lens 2 as a first optical system and a free-form curved surface mirror as a second optical system are fixed to the optical system base. The free-form curved surface mirror is rotatable (on an rotary axis parallel to X axis) with respect to the vertical line at a substantial center of the free-form curved surface mirror.

Abstract: A multiple field of view reflective telescope is described herein which has a laser and associated components inserted therein. In addition, a method is described herein for using the multiple field of view reflective telescope to range an object (e.g., target) or to designate-highlight an object (e.g., target).

Abstract: The zoom lens includes, in order from an object side, a first lens unit (positive), a second lens unit (negative), a reflective member and subsequent lens units. A distance between the second and subsequent lens units is reduced during zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end. One of the subsequent lens units includes a non-shift lens unit and a shift lens unit shiftable for image stabilization. The conditions of 1<(1??b)?r<3 and 0.70<Lb/Lp<2.00 are satisfied. ?b and ?r represent lateral magnifications of the shift lens unit and all lens units disposed further on the image side than the shift lens unit when the zoom lens is focused on an infinitely distant object at the telephoto end. Lb represents a distance from an image side surface of the reflective member to an object side lens surface of the shift lens unit. Lp represents a thickness of the reflective member.

Abstract: An imaging optical system, which includes an imaging lens group having at least one lens, and an image side prism that bends light which has passed through the imaging lens group toward an image pickup device arranged at a predetermined position, and wherein the image side prism includes a reflection surface which reflects, toward the image pickup device, incident light proceeding from the imaging lens group and an exit surface from which light reflected from the reflection surface emerges, and wherein the image side prism has a cut surface formed by cutting off a vertex portion between the reflection surface and the exit surface such that a whole normal light incident area within which normal light is incident on the reflection surface remains, and the cut surface is a non-diffusing surface.

Abstract: An optical head according to the present invention includes: a first light source that emits light with a first wavelength; a beam splitter that splits the light emitted from the first light source into a first light beam traveling in a first direction and a second light beam traveling in a second direction different from the first direction; a first collimator lens for changing degrees of divergence of the first light beam; a first mirror that changes the traveling directions of the first light beam, of which the degrees of divergence have been changed; a first objective lens for converging the first light beam, which has had its traveling directions changed, toward a storage layer of a first optical disk; a mover that holds the first objective lens; a first photodetector that receives the first light beam reflected from the storage layer of the first optical disk and converts it into an electrical signal; a condenser lens for condensing the second light beam; and a second photodetector that receives the sec

Abstract: Embodiment of invention discloses a system and a method for determining a three-dimensional (3D) location of a folding point of a ray between a point in a scene (PS) and a center of projection (COP) of a camera of a catadioptric system. One embodiment maps the catadioptric system, including 3D locations of the PS and the COP on a two-dimensional (2D) plane defined by an axis of symmetry of a folding optical element and the PS to produce a conic and 2D locations of the PS and COP on the 2D plane, and determines a 2D location of the folding point on the 2D plane based on the conic, the 2D locations of the PS and the COP. Next, the embodiment determines the 3D location of the folding point from the 2D location of the folding point on the 2D plane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a projection optical system including a projection surface configured such that an image conjugate to an object is projected, plural optical elements having a refractive power, and a deflecting element having no refractive power configured to deflect an optical path of a light beam and to pass the light beam having a deflected optical path between the plural optical elements, wherein a normal line of the projection surface at a center of the projection surface does not pass through the plural optical elements or between the plural optical elements.

Abstract: An objective is described consisting of a monolithic body of a material at least partly transparent for a part of an electromagnetic spectrum, and whose surfaces include a first optical refractive functional area serving as entrance area through which electromagnetic radiation can enter the objective, a second optical reflective functional area serving as a first mirror, a third optical reflective functional area serving as a second mirror, a fourth optical reflective functional area serving as a third mirror, a fifth optical reflective functional area serving as a fourth mirror, and a sixth optical refractive functional area serving as an exit area through which electromagnetic radiation can exit the objective, wherein the first to sixth optical functional areas are implemented such that a center shading-free, folded optical path extends from the entrance area through the monolithic body via first to fourth mirrors to the exit area, wherein no intermediate image level is located in the same between the entra

Abstract: A projection optical system satisfies a conditional formula: 0.01<{(tan ?f1?tan ?f2)?(tan ?n1?tan ?n2)}·(?2/?1)<0.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image plane side, a first lens group fixed to the image plane during zooming, having a positive refractive power, and including a single lens having a negative refractive power, an optical path change member for changing an optical path, and a positive lens group having a positive refractive power, which are arranged in order from the object side, a second lens group having a negative refractive power and including a negative lens group and a positive lens group which are arranged in order from the object side with an air gap, a third lens group fixed to the image plane during zooming and having a positive refractive power, and at least one lens group having a positive refractive power. The zoom lens satisfies the conditions the 1.4<|fLG1/fw|<5.8 and ?4.8<Ept/Yimg<?2.5.

Abstract: Disclosed are high numerical (NA) catadioptric objectives without a central obscuration, and applications thereof. Such objectives can operate through a wide spectral bandwidth of radiation, including deep ultraviolet (DUV) radiation. Importantly, refractive elements in the catadioptric objectives can be manufactured from a single type of material (such as, for example, CaF2 and/or fused silica). In addition, the elements of such catadioptric objectives are rotationally symmetric about an optical axis. The catadioptric objectives eliminate the central obscuration by (1) using a polarized beamsplitter (which passes radiation of a first polarization and reflects radiation of a second polarization), and/or (2) using one or more folding mirrors to direct off-axis radiation into the pupil of the catadioptric objective. An example catadioptric objective is shown in FIG. 2.

Abstract: A catadioptric optical system having a high numerical aperture operates in a wide spectral range. The catadioptric system includes a correcting plate and an optical system. The correcting plate conditions electromagnetic radiation to correct at least one aberration. The optical system reflects a first portion of the conditioned electromagnetic radiation, refracts a second portion of the conditioned electromagnetic radiation, and focuses the reflected first portion of the conditioned electromagnetic radiation onto a target portion of a substrate. The first portion of the electromagnetic radiation is not refracted by an optical element, allowing the catadioptric optical system to operate in a broad spectral range.

Abstract: A light ray concentration device includes a concentrating lens and a base for holding the concentrating lens. The concentrating lens includes a planar surface defining a number of first Fresnel zones and a convex surface facing away from the planar surface and defining a number of second Fresnel zones. The first and second Fresnel zones are coaxial with each other.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a projection objective, which can include an object plane in which an object field is formed, an entry pupil, a mirrored entry pupil (RE) in a mirrored entry pupil plane obtained by mirroring the entry pupil (VE) at the object plane, an image plane, an optical axis, at least a first mirror and a second mirror. The projection objective can have a negative back focus of the entry pupil, and a principal ray originating from a central point of the object field and traversing the objective from the object plane to the image plane can intersect the optical axis in at least one point of intersection, wherein the geometric locations of all points of intersection lie between the image plane and the mirrored entry pupil plane.

Abstract: A panoramic imaging device comprises: a photodetector array; a lens array having, on one plane, a center lens for receiving light in a front range of 36° to form a central unit image on the photodetector array, and left and right side lenses for receiving lights in left and right ranges each of 72° in capture angle of 180°; and four prisms in two pairs placed facing the side lenses. The two pairs of left and right prisms (more inclined and less inclined pairs) collect lights in divided two pairs of left and right ranges each of 36° in the 72° range (pairs closer to, and farther from, the front range), respectively, to form four side unit images on the photodetector array which are combined with the central unit image to reproduce a panoramic image without using wide-angle lenses or complex image correction process.

Abstract: An optical element is configured to have a base composed of a LuAg substrate having a refractive index of 2.14±0.01 for a wavelength of 193 nm and an antireflection film formed on the base, and the optical element being configured to contact a liquid having a refractive index of 1.64±0.01 for the wavelength of 193 nm. The antireflection film includes a high refractive index layer that is formed on the base, contains Al2O3 having a refractive index of 1.87 to 1.92 for the wavelength of 193 nm, and has an optical film thickness of 0.21? to 0.34? for a design center wavelength ? of 193 nm and a low refractive index layer that is closer to the liquid than the high refractive index layer, contains Al2O3 having a refractive index equal to or smaller than 1.78 but larger than the refractive index of the liquid for the wavelength of 193 nm, and has an optical film thickness of 0.29? to 0.52? at the design center wavelength ?.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-directional solar energy collector system. It comprises a light concentration device which includes one or plural light concentration lens and one or plural chambers. By means of the light concentration device, the incoming light can be concentrated once or multiple time, then is guided to the solar cell. The system is able to collect incoming light from various directions without consuming additional power.

Abstract: A fixed-focus lens disposed between a magnified side and a minified side. The fixed-focus lens has an optical axis and includes a reflective system and a refractive system. The reflective system includes a reflection mirror with a negative refractive power. The refractive system is disposed between the reflection mirror and the minified side and includes a first lens group and a second lens group. The first lens group has a positive refractive power. The second lens group is disposed between the first lens group and the minified side, and has a positive refractive power. The fixed-focus lens satisfies F/H>0.23, where F is an effective focal length and H is an image height.

Abstract: A high intensity lighting apparatus (400) includes an outer housing (402); a curved support disk (414) having an array of diode or laser-based integrated light sources (410) attached thereto disposed within the housing. Each of the light sources (110) include a tube (112) having a laser or diode chip (111) at one end of the tube. The tubes each have at least one concave shaped exit surface (113) on an end opposite the chip, wherein the concave exit surface converges light emitted from each of the light sources to focal points within the housing (402). A shape of the curved support disk (414) converges the respective focal points into a light beam having a common focal plane (441). Adjustable secondary optics (431) are disposed in the housing after the focal plane (441) for creating various angles of transmission of the light beam. The laser can be a diode laser, while the diode can be a light-emitting diode (LED).