Abstract: A hyperspectral imaging system and method are described herein for providing a hyperspectral image of an area of a remote object. In one embodiment, the hyperspectral imaging system includes an optic, a stack of waveguide plates, a spectral filter array, a detector array, and a controller.

Abstract: A particle detecting device includes an inspection light source 30, which emits inspection light, a flow cell 40, which is irradiated with the inspection light, and an oval mirror 50, which has a first focal point at a position of the flow cell 40 and has a hole 51 at an apex of the oval mirror 50.

Abstract: An asymmetrical mirror lens, usable on front fenders of school buses and similar vehicles, which has a plurality of mirror sections, each having a distinct constant radius of curvature to reduce image distortion. Optional sections located between sections of the constant radius of curvature have a step-wise changing radii of curvature to smooth the image sizes as an object moves across the mirror lens.

Abstract: When an optical system is illuminated with illumination light fluxes emitted from respective input image points, an interference image generated by superimposing output light fluxes output from the optical system and a reference light flux coherent with the output light fluxes is imaged to acquire interference image data collectively including information of an interference image about all input image points. Diffractive optical light propagation simulation is performed to acquire a phase distribution associated with only light emitted from a single input image point at a position where reconstructed light fluxes to the respective output light fluxes are separated into each light flux. In each input image point, this simulation is performed to acquire a phase distribution on an exit pupil plane.

Abstract: A lens unit includes an optical system for forming an optical image of a subject. The optical system includes an optical member. The optical member is disposed closest to the subject. The optical member includes a subject-side surface having at least one groove provided thereto. The optical member transmits the optical image of the subject.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a work vehicle being capable of arranging side view mirrors at arbitrary positions while reducing the vibration of the side view mirrors. Regarding a tractor, which is a work vehicle in which a mirror portion of a side view mirror is provided on the other end of a support arm whose one end is fixed on a cabin for covering a drive operating unit, the support arm is bent in a midway portion, and a beam is integrally formed with the support arm in such a manner as to sandwich a bending portion, and a cross-sectional area of a cross section vertical to the axial direction of the support arm is configured to be reduced as the support arm advances from the one end to the other end thereof.

Abstract: A biological sensing structure includes a mesa integrally connected a portion of a substrate, wherein the mesa has a top surface and a sidewall surface adjacent to the top surface. The biological sensing structure includes a first light reflecting layer over the top surface and the sidewall surface of the mesa. The biological sensing structure includes a filling material surrounding the mesa, wherein the mesa protrudes from the filling material. The biological sensing structure includes a stop layer over the filling material and a portion of the first light reflecting layer. The biological sensing structure includes a second light reflecting layer over a portion of the stop layer and a portion of the top surface of the mesa. The biological sensing structure includes an opening in the second light reflecting layer to partially expose the top surface of the mesa.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an optical apparatus of collecting three-dimensional information of an object, which includes an optical apparatus of collecting three-dimensional information of an object, which includes an optical detector, a first omnidirectional mirror and a second omnidirectional mirror. The second omnidirectional mirror is disposed between the optical detector and the first omnidirectional mirror.

Abstract: An EUV lithography system (1) includes: at least one optical element (13, 14) having an optical surface (13a, 14a) arranged in a vacuum environment (17) of the EUV lithography system (1), and a feed device (27) for feeding hydrogen into the vacuum environment (17), in which at least one silicon-containing surface (29a) is arranged. The feed device (27) additionally feeds an oxygen-containing gas into the vacuum environment (17) and has a metering device (28) that sets an oxygen partial pressure (pO2) at the at least one silicon-containing surface (29a) and/or at the optical surface (13a, 14a).

Abstract: A lighting device may comprise a light emitting element and a reflector, the reflector comprising: a first opening surrounding the light emitting element and a second opening; reflector side walls forming the first and second openings, the reflector side walls divergently extending from the first opening away from the light emitting element to the second opening; and corner facets, wherein each corner facet is positioned over a corresponding reflector corner formed by an adjacent pair of reflector side walls at the first opening. In this way, a photosensitive work piece may be uniformly irradiated while mitigating under-curing and over-curing, and while reducing a coupling optics size and a distance between the light emitting elements and the work piece, thereby decreasing cure times and lowering manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A wavelength variable interference filter includes a fixed substrate, a movable substrate that faces the fixed substrate, a pair of reflective films, a fixed extraction electrode provided on the fixed substrate, and a movable connection electrode that is provided on the movable substrate and is in contact with the fixed extraction electrode at a connection position, in which the movable substrate includes a first groove that is provided at the connection position in a plan view in which the fixed substrate and the movable substrate are viewed from a substrate thickness direction, and a second groove that has a larger area than an area of the first groove in the plan view and is connected to the first groove.

Abstract: One non-limiting example of an LED system for a lighting assembly includes a heat sink having a plurality of base plates. Each of the base plates has a pair of opposing edges disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the other base plates. Additionally, each base plate has an outer face extending between the opposing edges; and the LED system further includes a plurality of LEDs attached to the outer face of each base plate. A fan is releasably attached to a bottom portion of the heat sink and configured to produce a flow of air through the heat sink from the bottom portion through a top portion of the heat sink to maintain an operating temperature of the LED system.

Abstract: An opposing substrate as a substrate for an electro-optical device includes a transparent base member and a light shielding portion disposed on a region between pixels on the base member. The light shielding portion includes a first reflective film and a second reflective film that is disposed to overlap the first reflective film and has a reflection rate lower than that of the first reflective film, and a first protective film that covers the first reflective film is provided between the first reflective film and the second reflective film.

Abstract: A system for cleaning or suppressing contamination or oxidation in a EUV optical setting includes an illumination source, a detector, a first set of optical elements to direct light from the illumination source to a specimen and a second set of optical elements to receive illumination from the specimen and direct the illumination to the detector. The system also includes one or more vacuum chambers for containing the first and second set of optical elements and containing a selected purge gas ionizable by the light emitted by the illumination source. The first or second set of optical elements includes an electrically biased optical element having at least one electrically biased surface. The electrically biased optical element has a bias configuration suitable to attract one or more ionic species of the selected purge gas to the electrically biased surface in order to clean contaminants from the electrically biased surface.

Abstract: A LED driving structure, includes: a lower housing, being a box structure and having an opening end; a upper housing positioned on the opening end of the lower housing, and covering a part of the opening end; a separating board positioned an end of the upper housing and being perpendicular to the upper housing, the upper housing, the separating board and a part of the lower housing cooperative forming an electrical chamber; and an upper cover positioned on the opening end of the lower housing, wherein the upper cover and the upper housing cooperatively cover the opening end, the upper cover, the separating board and the rest part of the lower housing cooperatively form a wiring chamber.

Abstract: An illumination system for a vehicle is provided that includes a vehicle having a rear spoiler, a light assembly located on an underside of the spoiler, a sensor for sensing a location of a person proximate to the spoiler, and a controller for controlling the light assembly to illuminate an area proximate the rear of the vehicle when a person is detected proximate to the spoiler.

Abstract: The circuit substrate includes at least two lands formed on a substrate, wherein one electrode is to be mounted on the at least two lands, an electronic part having electrodes, one of the electrodes is soldered on the at least two lands with solders whose amounts are adjusted by a metal mask having at least two opening parts, positions of the at least two opening parts corresponding to the at least two lands when the solders are applied and melted, areas of the at least two opening parts being different with each other, wherein a height of one of the solders is different from a height of the other of the solders according to the difference of the areas of the at least two opening parts of the metal mask, whereby the electronic part is mounted on the circuit substrate in an inclined state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reflective optical objective (1) comprising: —a first reflecting element (3) including a front surface (3a) and a hack surface (3b), the front surface (3a) including a convex reflecting surface (11); and —a second reflecting element (5) including a concave reflecting surface (13) facing the convex reflecting surface (11) of the first reflecting element (3), the second reflecting element (5) including a transmissive section (7) permitting electromagnetic radiation to pass through the concave reflecting surface (13) of the second reflecting element (5) to the first reflecting element (3). The reflective optical objective (1) is characterized in that the reflective optical objective (1) includes a carrier material (9) embedding at least the front surface (3a) of the first reflecting element (3) and defining the distance (d) between the first (3) and second (5) reflecting elements.

Abstract: A hurricane-proof solar tracker and related method of operation includes a solar panel array assembly having one end coupled to a ballast and a tilting assembly supporting a solar panel assembly. The tilting assembly tilts the solar panel array assembly to track with the sun in a first position, and retracts the solar panel array to a substantially flat second position.

Abstract: An imaging element array includes a plurality of imaging elements that are arranged side by side. Each imaging element is integrally molded and includes an incident surface, an emission surface, and a plurality of reflective surfaces which is provided between the incident surface and the emission surface. The imaging element includes a first reflective element. In the first reflective element, at least one of the plurality of reflective surfaces is formed on a top of a convex portion which protrudes outwardly and has reflective sidewalls extending therefrom. In the first reflective element, a width of the reflective surface, which is formed on the top of the convex portion, in an arrangement direction thereof is less than a distance from an entrance into the concave portion to the top of the convex surface.

Abstract: An optical system incorporating a compact internal field of view switch configured to switch the field of view of the optical system between a narrow field of view and a wide field of view while maintaining a constant exit aperture size. In one example the optical system includes an active imaging sub-system optically coupled to the exit aperture, and the field of view switch is positioned between the exit aperture and the active imaging sub-system. In one example the field of view switch is configured as a pupil relay having non-unity magnification.

Abstract: A subsystem is disclosed providing a steerable-beam light source. An array of micromechanical reflectors may be disposed to selectively direct portions of light from a light source to selected targets in a scene, such as for providing composed illumination for still or video photography. The array of reflectors may be continuously steerable, thereby achieving more than the mere inefficient patterning of illumination light available from prior art projection approaches, but instead efficiently redirecting light to the desired regions of the scene. The subsystem may be sufficiently compact so as to permit integration with a compact camera into a cellular telephone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a digital still-image camera, a digital video-image camera, and so on. The array may be operated in conjunction with a camera controller to selectively illuminate one or more targets of focus or zoom, omit illumination of undesirable image regions, etc.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an optical arrangement in a projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus which is designed for operation in EUV. The optical arrangement includes first and second mirrors that are in direct succession to each other along the projection beam direction. The second mirror is rigidly connected to the first mirror.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an antenna apparatus. Disclosed is an antenna apparatus comprising a power feeding unit receiving an electromagnetic wave from a transmitter and providing the received electromagnetic wave to the antenna apparatus, a sub reflector generating an OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) mode electromagnetic wave, and a main reflector reflecting the generated OAM mode electromagnetic wave to a far field region.

Abstract: Devices and methods for curing materials with radiant energy are described. The devices include a first reflector and a second reflector that are semi-ellipses. The ellipses that define the first reflector and the second reflector have axes of different lengths, and the reflectors are aligned such that the focal points of the reflectors are overlaid. A radiative energy source at a near focal point of a reflector can provide energy to cure a coating on a substrate at a far focal point of the reflector. The different sizes of the two reflectors decrease focusing error of the radiative energy and provide improved efficiency to the curing system.

Abstract: An illumination optical unit comprises a first faceted element and a second faceted element having a multiplicity of displaceable micromirrors which can be grouped flexibly to form facets.

Abstract: A reflective imaging optical system which forms, on a second plane, an image of a pattern arranged on a first plane and illuminated with light from an illumination optical system includes a plurality of reflecting mirrors including first and second reflecting mirrors by which the light reflected by the first plane is reflected first, second, respectively. An area on the first plane illuminated with the light from the illumination optical system is an illumination objective area, the illumination objective area is positioned on a predetermined side of an optical axis of the reflecting mirrors, and reflection areas of the first and second reflecting mirrors are positioned on the predetermined side of the optical axis of the reflecting mirrors; and the first and second reflecting mirrors are arranged so that an optical path of the light from the illumination optical system is positioned between the first and second reflecting mirrors.

Abstract: A light collector includes a light guide having a refractive index larger than a refractive index of air and a reflecting surface configured to reflect light output from a conic surface of the light guide back to the light guide. The light guide is made of transparent material through which light passes. The light guide has an entering portion from which light enters and an exiting portion from which the light exits. The light guide has a circular cone shape and has a cross-sectional area that decreases in a direction from the entering portion to the exiting portion.

Abstract: Provided is an image projection apparatus, such as a projector, including a light source; an image generating element such as a DMD that receives light from the light source and forms an image; an image generating unit that irradiates the image generating element with the light from the light source; a first optical system including multiple transmission refractive optical elements; a second optical system arranged on an optical path of outgoing light of the first optical system and including a reflection optical element; and a projection optical system that enlarges and projects an image conjugate to the image generated by the image generating element as a projected image. The light source, the image generating unit, and the first optical system are arranged side by side in series in a direction parallel with the projected image plane.

Abstract: A curved wall, square-shaped reflector assembly includes multiple reflector wall sections and multiple enclosure wall sections. Each reflector wall section is slidably coupled to a respective enclosure wall section by positioning a top reflector flange of the reflector wall section above a top support flange of the enclosure wall section and aligning alignment features on the enclosure wall section with holes on the reflector wall section. In addition, a bottom flange of the reflector wall section is positioned below a bottom edge of the enclosure wall section, thereby providing a consistent tension along the wall surface of the reflector wall section. Each enclosure wall section includes flange members on opposing side edges. Each of the combined reflector-enclosure wall sections are positioned orthogonal to one-another and coupled together along the adjacent flanges from the adjacent enclosure wall sections with rivets. The assembly reduces light leak without damaging the reflector surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wafer with an integrated circuit (IC) layout includes receiving a first plurality of pixels, wherein each of the pixels corresponds to a portion of the IC layout and includes data members. The method further includes transforming the first plurality of pixels into a second plurality of control signals, wherein at least some of the control signals include both a data member of one of the pixels and another data member of another one of the pixels. The method further includes transferring the control signals to a third plurality of mirrors, wherein the mirrors conditionally reflect an energy beam incident thereupon when coupled with the control signals.

Abstract: A system using an energy beam to expose patterns on a wafer includes first mirror elements, a multiplexer element, and second mirror elements. The first and second mirror elements are dynamically controlled to reflect the energy beam to the wafer. The first mirror elements are configured in a first chain having a first data input and a first data output. The multiplexer element includes a second data input, a third data input, a select input, and a second data output. The third data input is coupled to the first data output. The second mirror elements are configured in a second chain having a fourth data input.

Abstract: A rear under mirror that is placed near a top edge portion of a rear window glass on a vehicle compartment interior side thereof, the rear under mirror including: a reflecting mirror that reflects a lower area behind a vehicle towards a driver's seat, the reflecting mirror comprising a concavo-convex mirror having a mirror surface that is formed as a concave surface in a substantially vertical direction and as a convex surface in a substantially horizontal direction, the reflecting mirror having a radius of curvature of the convex surface in a substantially horizontal direction of the reflecting mirror in the bottom portion area is larger than that of the top portion area, the reflecting mirror having a trapezoidal shape whose bottom side is longer than top side when viewed from a front thereof.

Abstract: Thickness and group index variations in test strip samples of ultra-low expansion glass are made by extracting the strip samples with front and back faces oriented at an acute skew angle to the axis of the boule. The strip samples are positioned the within an interferometric measurement cavity so that a set of subcavities formed by pairings of each of two reference surfaces together with each of the front and back faces of the strip sample which each subcavity having a different optical path length spacing. The skew angle is sized to avoid diffusion effects of striae present in the boule.

Abstract: Sunlight redirector (30) incorporates closely proximate mirror arrays (32, 34) having parallel, uniformly spaced, longitudinal mirror segments (38, 44). Prismatic sheet (36) is positioned behind and closely proximate second array (34). Segments (38) extend in first direction (x). Segments (44) extend in second direction (y) perpendicular to direction (x) segments (38, 44)have normal vectors (42, 48). Segments (38) are interconnected for simultaneous pivotal movement (40), such that their normal vectors (42) remain parallel. Segments (44) are interconnected for simultaneous pivotal movement (46), such that their normal vectors (48) remain parallel. Arrays (32, 34) redirect incident light toward sheet (36), which redirects the light into a desired fixed direction, e.g. parallel to the sunlight redirect's normal vectors (50). Segments (38, 44) may have inward and outward segments (60A, 60B) which can be adjustably positioned to maximize redirection of incident sunlight rays in a desired direction.

Abstract: A mirror type display apparatus comprises a base substrate having a pixel region and a non-pixel region surrounding the pixel region, a driving device, a display device, a protective substrate and an island-shaped reflective layer disposed on a surface of the protective substrate. The island-shaped reflective layer including the island-shaped reflective layers separated by furrows formed on the protective substrate. The island-shaped reflective layer can minimize a warpage caused by a mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the protective substrate and the reflective layer.

Abstract: A multi-reflection structure including a substrate and pyramid is provided. The substrate includes an inversed pyramid shaped recess having at least three first reflection sidewalls. The pyramid is disposed on the substrate and located in the inversed pyramid shaped recess. The pyramid has at least three second reflection sidewalls, wherein the normal of each of the second reflection sidewalls and the normal of each of the first reflection sidewalls are not located in the same plane. Furthermore, a photo-electric device is also provided in the present application.

Abstract: A scale for a photoelectric encoder includes a scale substrate and a reflection film formed at a predetermined pitch on the scale substrate. A surface of the reflection film forms a reflection surface. A low-reflection surface is formed by etching the scale substrate between reflection films. Accordingly, a scale can be provided which is lower in cost and has favorable yield rates.

Abstract: An illumination optical unit for EUV projection lithography guides illumination light to an illumination field, in which a lithography mask can be arranged. A facet mirror with a plurality of facets guides the illumination light to the illumination field. Respectively one illumination channel which guides an illumination light partial beam is predetermined by one of the facets. Exactly one illumination channel is guided over respectively one of the facets. The illumination optical unit is configured so that, at any time and at any point in the illumination field when the illumination optical unit is in operation, any pairs of illumination light partial beams guided over different illumination channels are incident on this illumination field point at times of incidence, the time difference of which is greater than a coherence duration of the illumination light.

Abstract: Alternative methods of designing, developing and manufacturing optical elements and assemblies are provided which enable improvements in effectiveness and efficiency. Subtractive processes using lasers or other tools are utilized to create embedded void spaces that provide reflecting walls within internally reflective optical elements. The designs have advantages in cost, reduced development time, and performance. Light from multiple light sources can be mixed and collimated. Some embodiments provide the ability to integrate a large number of internally reflective optics into a single component and very large components can be made. Embodiments of the invention are designed for manufacturing and can be made without molding tooling.

Abstract: A method for producing a multiple surface system that may be a two-mirror surface. The method involves first finding from a given primary curve an appropriate secondary curve. The method then uses ideas from exterior differential systems to grow from the primary curve and the secondary curve, primary and secondary mirror surfaces. The Cartan-Kähler theorem gives a strong indication of the existence of such solution surfaces.

Abstract: A mirror mount that mounts a mirror to a fender of a vehicle includes a base member having a first end generally vertical when the base member is affixed to a fender and arranged to receive a fastener passing through the first end, through the fender, and into the base member so as to fasten the base member to the fender, a second end, a side portion extending between the first end and the second end and having a contour that follows an exterior profile of the fender, and a reinforcement reinforcing the first end.

Abstract: Two mirrors are encased in a padded fabric frame resembling a notebook that is secured to the body by adjustable neck and waist straps for hands free use. The device may also be hand held. Mirrors are set to the optimal angle for the user. The upper mirror reflects the forward/peripheral view, and the lower mirror displays this view as an upright image to the wearer. The conversation partner has an upright view of the wearer's face, as well. For bicycle use, smaller more rigid frame is recommended for placement on the handle bars.

Abstract: A magnifying imaging optical unit has at least four mirrors to image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. An absolute value of the Petzval radius of the image field is greater than 500 mm. The imaging optical unit can be used to inspect with sufficient imaging quality relatively large mask sections of lithography masks used during projection exposure to produce large scale integrated semiconductor components.

Abstract: An arrangement of decorative elements includes a frame, a plurality of strands of ornaments supported from the frame, a plurality of slats supported from the frame, and wherein the plurality of slats are interspersed with the plurality of strands of ornaments to define a row of strands of ornaments and slats. The frame may include an inner support for supporting the plurality of strands of ornaments and slats, and an outer support that extends around a peripheral edge of the inner support.

Abstract: An improved mount for, and methods of mounting an, optical structure are provided. The mount has a protruding member extending from a surface of the optical structure, a base element having a mounting structure for mounting the mount to another structure and an upper element extending from the base element having a first opening extending therethrough for receipt therein of at least a portion of the protruding member. The first opening defines first and second arms, each of the arms comprising a head portion and each of the head portions ending at an end. A second opening in the upper element extends through one of the head portions and the end thereof in a direction toward the other head portion, while a third opening exists in the upper element through the end of the other head portion in an orientation substantially opposite to and in communication with the second opening so that a tightening mechanism received through the second opening can be received into the third opening.

Abstract: An imaging optical unit includes at least four mirrors to image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. The ratio of the structural length of the imaging optical unit to the imaging scale of the imaging optical unit is less than 4.9 mm. The imaging optical unit provides improved handling properties, such as, for example, when used in a metrology system.

Abstract: A wide angle center mounted motorcycle blind spot mirror that is mounted forward and above the motorcycle instrument panel clocks directly in the riders line of view that will give full visual coverage of the riders blind spot areas including the rider also, the mirror, can have several mounting points including the fly screen, fairing, headlamp, handle bars or the like.

Abstract: Left and Right side view mirrors for a vehicle giving the driver a view outwardly to each side of the vehicle, to check lanes on each side, to ensure safe lane changes.

Abstract: In a projection optical system for use in an image projection apparatus illuminating an image display panel forming an image in accordance with a modulating signal with illumination light from a light source, the projection optical system includes first and second optical systems arranged along an optical path defining an upstream-downstream direction in the order described from upstream to downstream on the downstream side of the image display panel. The first optical system includes at least one dioptric system and has positive power. The second optical system includes at least one reflecting surface having power and has positive power. The image formed by the image display panel is formed as an intermediate image in the optical path, and the intermediate image is magnified and projected.