Abstract: A telescope that includes a hollow body, an optical system and mirror positioned in the hollow body, a device for adjusting tilt and the position of the mirror including a carriage translatably movable in the hollow body, a mirror support plate rigidly connected to the carriage by a hinge, where the carriage is translated by a screw/nut mechanism operated by an adjustment button mounted capable of rotating in a housing portion, the adjustment button is arranged such that rotation of the button causes the carriage to be translatably moved, the adjustment button is associated with a stop member designed to cooperate with a complementary stop member arranged in the housing portion so as to limit button rotation and carriage movement, and at least one actuator movably mounted in the carriage that on the support plate such that moving the actuator changes the tilt of the plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for light-beam scanning microscopy includes a microscope objective and a movement system for moving an excitation light beam. The movement system for moving the excitation light beam includes a first focusing optical component suitable for focusing the excitation light beam in an intermediate focal plane, another focusing optical component suitable for forming an image of the intermediate focal in a focal plane of the microscope objective and a single scanning mirror arranged between the first optical component and the intermediate focal plane, the scanning mirror being mounted on a stage, the orientation of which can be adjusted, so as to move the image of the focusing point in two transverse directions in the object focal plane or in the image focal plane of the microscope objective.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical assembly for use with compact camera modules. The optical assembly comprises a transparent optical element, an optical reflection surface arranged to deflect a light through the optical element, a transparent elastic non-fluid body and an actuator system comprising one or more actuators and an actuator-component arranged to undergo bending and/or displacement by the one or more actuators. The non-fluid body may be sandwiched between the actuator-component and the optical element so that the shape or orientation of the actuator component and the non-fluid body can be changed by actuation of the actuators to provide adjustable optical power or beam deflection.

Abstract: A system for measuring (200) a sample (2) by deflectometry comprising: a source (10) for generating a light beam in a source plane (105); an illumination module (19) for forming an illumination beam (9) comprising: a first converging optical element (18); a first selection optical element (16) with a first aperture (160); reflective matrix optical modulation means (30) to form a pattern (7), said first aperture (160) being configured to control the angles of said illumination beam (9) on said reflective matrix optical modulation means (30); a Schlieren lens (20) for obtaining an angle-intensity encoding of said pattern (7) on the sample (2); imaging (40) and detecting means (50) for detecting an image of said sample (2).

Abstract: A laser welding device (10) for welding a weld part (35) with laser light (L) includes: a laser emitting head (20) overlapping the laser light (L) and a measurement light (S) coaxially with each other and applying the laser light (L) and the measurement light (S) to the weld part (35), the measurement light (S) having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the laser light (L); a first parallel plane plate and a second parallel plane plate, changing an irradiation position of the measurement light (S) such that the irradiation position orbitally move around a center of rotation that moves on a predetermined welding path in a radius of rotation that is smaller than ½ of a spot diameter of the laser light (L); a measuring instrument (14) repeatedly measuring a weld penetration depth of the weld part (35) based on the measurement light (S) that is emitted from the laser emitting head (20) and is reflected on the weld part (35) while the measurement light (S) is being orbitally moved; and a determiner (17) de

Abstract: A system includes an endoscope including a scope and an image sensor. The image sensor is configured to capture medical image data that includes effective image portion data and a mechanical vignetting portion data, the mechanical vignetting portion data of the medical image data being generated due to mechanical vignetting caused by a difference in the image sensor which generates the medical image data and the scope. There is also circuitry configured to determine evaluation information from image data which is from the effective image portion data, and execute a control process to at least partially control at least one of an autofocus processing, and an auto white balance processing on the endoscope on the basis of the evaluation information.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods for indicating whether a target has been impacted by a projectile are disclosed. Embodiments may include a microcontroller, an impact sensor, and an impact indicator. Apparatus may include an acoustic sensor and a miss indicator. Acoustic information or impact information may be received by the sensors and sent to the microcontroller unit. A determination may be made regarding whether the target has been impacted. An indication of a hit or a miss may be made by the impact indicator based on the determination. A light redirection element, which may include a light pipe, may direct light from the impact indicator around the edge of a target to a viewer.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an electronic device and a picture processing method. The electronic device includes a rear cover, a front-facing camera, a rear-facing camera, and a light reflective apparatus. The light reflective apparatus may be switched between a usage state and an idle state. The picture processing method includes: controlling the light reflective apparatus to switch from the idle state to the usage state, so that the rear-facing camera captures a picture reflected by the light reflective apparatus; separately obtaining a picture captured by the front-facing camera and a picture captured by the rear-facing camera; processing the picture captured by the rear-facing camera; and fusing the picture captured by the front-facing camera and a picture obtained by processing the picture captured by the rear-facing camera. In this application, a field of view of a picture taken by the front-facing camera can be increased with relatively low costs.

Abstract: A LIDAR device for measuring a distance to an object in a scanning zone includes a light source, a light receiver, a rotatable mirror, a motor, an angle sensor, and a controller. The rotatable mirror is configured to reflect the light beam emitted from the light source toward the scanning zone. The motor is configured to rotate the mirror back and forth between a first position and a second position. The angle sensor is configured to detect a rotation angle of the mirror and to output a detection signal indicative of the rotation angle of the mirror at a plurality of predetermined angle intervals during each rotation cycle between the first position and the second position of the mirror. The controller is configured to output a control signal to the light source to emit a light beam upon receiving the detection signal from the angle sensor.

Abstract: A light-guide device includes a light guiding element (13) with a number of faces, including two parallel faces (26), for guiding light by internal reflection. A transparent optical element (19) has an interface surface for attachment to a coupling surface (14) of the light guiding element, and is configured such that light propagating within the transparent optical element passes through the interface surface and the coupling surface (14) so as to propagate within the light guiding element (13). A non-transparent coating (15) is applied to at least part of one or more faces of the light guiding element (13), defining an edge (17) adjacent to, or overlapping, the coupling surface (14) of the light guiding element (13). A quantity of transparent adhesive is deployed between the coupling surface and the interface surface so as to form an optically transmissive interface. An overspill region 31 of the adhesive extends to, and overlaps, the edge (17).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an optical component consisting of at least two individual parts, which together enclose an open cavity, wherein the timer sides delimiting the cavity are coated or structured, and from which previously material has been removed in zones in the region of the free aperture, wherein said region is recoated and the individual parts are connected to one another by wringing. The wringing height is greater than the removal height plus the height of the coating. The invention also relates to optical components which are produced according to this method.

Abstract: A fast assembly method of an Offner spectral imaging optical system. The Offner spectral imaging optical system is a concentric or nearly concentric optical system, that is, its primary mirror (7), convex grating (5) and three-mirror (8) are all spherical, and respective centers of curvature coincide or basically coincide. Based on the self-collimation principle, the invention quickly determines the position of the center of curvature of the spherical mirror by observing the self-collimation image after the point light source is reflected by the spherical mirror. The assembly and adjustment method provided by the invention has the characteristics of fast assembly and adjustment speed, high precision, low requirements for assembly and adjustment environment and low required equipment cost, and can quickly and effectively complete the assembly and adjustment of the Offner spectral imaging optical system.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods for indicating whether a target has been impacted by a projectile are disclosed. Embodiments may include a microcontroller, an impact sensor, and an impact indicator. Apparatus may include an acoustic sensor and a miss indicator. Acoustic information or impact information may be received by the sensors and sent to the microcontroller unit. A determination may be made regarding whether the target has been impacted. An indication of a hit or a miss may be made by the impact indicator based on the determination. A light redirection element, which may include a light pipe, may direct light from the impact indicator around the edge of a target to a viewer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an enhanced infinity mirror with an application interface for controlling and/or changing the illumination, reflection, and/or other effects produced by the enhanced infinity mirror. The enhanced infinity mirror may include a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface positioned relative to the first reflective surface, and light sources that generate an infinity effect based on reflections off the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface. The application interface may receive a pattern, and may control illumination of different sets of the light sources at different times according to the pattern by illuminating a first set of the light sources with first colors for a first duration as defined in a first step of the pattern, and a second set of the light sources with second colors for a second duration as defined in a second step of the pattern.

Abstract: An on-axis four mirror anastigmat telescope includes an entrance pupil configured to receive light from an image, and a mirror assembly. The mirror assembly has a first reflective surface having a central aperture formed therein, a second reflective surface, a third reflective surface having a central aperture formed therein, a fourth reflective surface, and an aperture stop. The mirror assembly is configured to receive light from the image on a common axis and to reflect the light successively by the four coaxial reflective surfaces through the aperture stop. The telescope further comprises a detector configured to receive light from the mirror assembly. The central aperture formed in the first reflective surface defines a field stop to limit the field of view.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to cantilevered imaging modality wearable optical systems that provide for optimal ergonomics coupled with vision enhancement and vision magnification. Methods of use, devices, and kits are also contemplated.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to an electronic device accessory and a method of using such electrical device accessory to convert a built-in camera or webcam of the electronic device into an adjustable camera using the mirror reflection, allowing the built-in camera or webcam to operate, for example, as a document camera. The electronic device accessory comprises at least a foldable main body and a mirror adapted to attach to the main body. The electronic device accessory is configured to clip onto the electronic device. The electronic device includes a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a tablet, an e-reader or any other electronic device that has a built-in camera. More particularly, the electronic device accessory is preferably a foldable laptop computer camera accessory.

Abstract: A laryngoscope blade which improves the transmission of light from the laryngoscope to enhance the amount of light reflected from an area of interest in a patient. The laryngoscope blade has a channel which extends at least partially though the blade and receives a light source. The channel has a substantially transparent end face which is situated towards the blade end and has an optical clement adapted to reduce the ambient light signal from the light source in the channel.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a processor configured to carry out a reversal process on a side image of a subject picked up with an image pickup device, the reversal process reversing an order of a plurality of pixels located in the side image and arranged from a predetermined position in a radial direction, and cause a display apparatus to display a front image and the side image of the subject picked up with the image pickup device as a display image. The processor adjusts the timing at which the front image is displayed in such a way that the front image acquired simultaneously with the side image is displayed at a timing that accords with the timing at which the side image having undergone the reversal process is displayed on the display apparatus.

Abstract: An optical module includes a base which has a main surface and in which a mounting region and a driving region for moving the mounting region along a first direction parallel to the main surface are provided, a movable mirror which has a mirror surface having a positional relationship of intersecting the main surface and is mounted in the mounting region, a first fixed mirror which has a mirror surface having a positional relationship of intersecting the main surface and of which a position with respect to the base is fixed, and a beam splitter unit which constitutes a first interference optical system for measurement light together with the movable mirror and the first fixed mirror. The mirror surface of the movable mirror and the mirror surface of the first fixed mirror are directed to one side in the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-channel optical signal generating apparatus, which includes a CW laser that generates a single optical signal, an optical signal processor unit that processes the single optical signal, an oscillator that generates an electrical signal, and an electrical signal processor unit that generates a modulation signal, based on the electrical signal, and the optical signal processor unit includes ‘n’ optical circulators, at least one optical intensity modulator, (m-1) optical phase modulators, and ‘n’ BiODLs, the electrical signal processor unit includes a RF power divider which divides the electrical signal, and ‘m’ RF power amplifiers, the RF power divider divides the electrical signal into ‘m’ divided electrical signals, and the optical signal processor unit modulates and outputs the single optical signal by the at least one optical intensity modulator and the (m-1) optical phase modulators, based on the ‘m’ divided electrical signals divided from the RF power divider.

Abstract: A system includes an endoscope including a scope and an image sensor. The image sensor is configured to capture medical image data that includes effective image portion data and a mechanical vignetting portion data, the mechanical vignetting portion data of the medical image data being generated due to mechanical vignetting caused by a difference in the image sensor which generates the medical image data and the scope. There is also circuitry configured to determine evaluation information from image data which is from the effective image portion data, and execute a control process to at least partially control at least one of an autofocus processing, and an auto white balance processing on the endoscope on the basis of the evaluation information.

Abstract: An optical device comprises two flat plates each having a reflective flat surface, and two flat spacer plates of thickness H each having a reflective sidewall. The flat plates and flat spacer plates are arranged as a stack with the reflective flat surfaces facing each other and the flat spacer plates arranged in a single plane and disposed between the two flat plates with the reflective sidewalls facing each other and with a gap between the two reflective sidewalls. The facing reflective flat surfaces and facing reflective sidewalls define a light tunnel passage with dimension H in the direction transverse to the single plane. The facing reflective sidewalls may be mutually parallel and spaced by a constant gap W to provide a light tunnel passage with constant cross-section H×W, or may be oriented at an angle to provide a tapered light tunnel passage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a prism device, comprising a prism assembly, and a holder connected to the prism assembly. The holder comprises a first end and a second end oppositely arranged, and the second end is connected to the prism assembly, the first end is used to provide a support point for the holder, and the second end is movable relative to the first end to adjust a spatial position of the prism assembly relative to the support point. It is not required to wear the prism assembly on the nose bridge by mean of using a holder to support the prism device, which reduces the weight on the wearer's nose bridge and relieve the discomfort caused by wearing objects. In addition, when the visual field changes with the movement of the head, it will not cause dizziness to the user.

Abstract: Display systems for achieving collimated projection effects. For example, in a theatrical or concert installation, display systems can be used to project images of scenery that appear to be vast and at a great distant behind the viewing window. The system may include a flat panel display, a corrective mirror, and a concave mirror positioned for viewing by an observer. The corrective mirror pre-warps an image generated by the flat panel display and reflects the undistorted image onto the concave mirror such that the observer perceives the image generated by the flat panel display as being at a large distance. The corrective mirror does not distort with changes in viewpoint. In another implementation, the system may include a short throw projector generating an image, a free-form projection screen, and a concave mirror positioned for viewing by many observers through a viewing window.

Abstract: A light source apparatus that irradiates an illuminated area with illumination light includes at least one light source that emits light and at least one beam shaping element that includes a first optical element and a second optical element and provides a beam shaping effect of shaping the cross-sectional shape of the light to produce the illumination light. The first optical element provides the beam shaping effect. The second optical element has one of the function of outputting, when part of the light is incident on the second optical element, the part of the light in the same direction in which the part of the light travels immediately before the incidence on the second optical element and the function of deflecting, when part of the light is incident on the second optical element, the part of the light toward the illuminated area and outputting the deflected light.

Abstract: A light beam shaper has a rectangular cavity bounded by wafer sidewalls and top and bottom caps. The top and bottom caps are wafer-bonded onto opposing surfaces of the wafer. A reflective coating covers inner surfaces of the cavity. A geometry of the cavity changes a light beam entering the cavity into a rectangular beam profile with uniform spatial intensity at the output.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display unit that projects an image to a light transmissive display member. The display unit is configured to accommodate a display device and a projection optical system that projects the image displayed on the display device to the display member in a housing including an opening through which projected light is output. The projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path extending from the display device to the opening. A reflection surface of the first reflecting member that reflects the image displayed on the display device has a convex shape of a free-form surface, and a reflection surface of the second reflecting member that projects the image to the display member has a concave shape of a free-form surface.

Abstract: There is provided a light source unit including a semiconductor light emitting device, and a rotary mirror device having a mirror surface on a first side, and a second side to which a rotational shaft of a motor is connected, wherein the mirror surface has an undulating section shape of convex and concave shape portions, wherein the rotary mirror device is disposed so as to reflect light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting device on the mirror surface.

Abstract: Reflective optical telescopes and method of observing a scene. One example of a reflective optical telescope includes a primary mirror positioned along a linear axis extending between an entrance aperture and an image plane, configured to receive optical radiation via the entrance aperture, a secondary mirror positioned along the linear axis and configured to receive the optical radiation from the primary mirror and to reflect the optical radiation in a direction of the primary mirror, wherein the optical radiation received by the primary mirror is unobscured by the secondary mirror, a tertiary mirror positioned along the linear axis and configured to receive the optical radiation from the secondary mirror and reflect the optical radiation in a direction of the primary mirror, and a quaternary mirror positioned along the linear axis, configured to receive the optical radiation from the tertiary mirror and reflect the optical radiation to the image plane.

Abstract: A stage light fixture is provided with a light source adapted to emit a light beam; with a main body where the light source is arranged; and with a head articulated with respect to the main body and configured to selectively deflect the light beam coming out from the main body.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes a plurality of mirrors that image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. At least one of the mirrors is obscured, and thus has an opening for imaging light to pass through. The fourth-last mirror in the light path before the image field is not obscured and provides, with an outer edge of the optically effective reflection surface thereof, a central shadowing in a pupil plane of the imaging optical system. The distance between the fourth-last mirror and the last mirror along the optical axis is at least 10% of the distance between the object field and the image field. An intermediate image, which is closest to the image plane, is arranged between the last mirror and the image plane. The imaging optical system can have a numerical aperture of 0.9. These measures, not all of which must be effected simultaneously, lead to an imaging optical system with improved imaging properties and/or reduced production costs.

Abstract: A mirror for a mobile phone camera includes a body having a generally planar first side and a second side, a foot disposed on an end of the body having a first side and a second side; and a fastener disposed on the first side of the foot. The second side of the body and the second side of the foot forming a concave angle.

Abstract: A periscope construction having a ballistic guard formed inside a protective housing, and optical system mounted therein having first and second blocks of optical material mounted at opposite ends; first and second reflective surfaces, and the object and eyepiece viewing surfaces of the respective blocks being generally parallel and forming a parallelogram in cross section; the first and second end surfaces being spaced from each other within the housing with at least one layer of transparent armor therebetween to deflect incoming projectiles away from the object viewing section; and may include at least one layer of transparent armor rigidly positioned at an angle relative to the field of view no less than 300° to a maximum of 360° which is parallel to the field of view. It may further include a high grade metallic band rigidly formed around and adjacent the space between the first and second end surfaces.

Abstract: An RF/Optical shared aperture is capable of transmitting and receiving optical signals and RF signals simultaneously. This technology enables compact wide bandwidth communications systems with 100% availability in clear air turbulence, rain and fog. The functions of an optical telescope and an RF reflector antenna are combined into a single compact package by installing an RF feed at either of the focal points of a modified Gregorian telescope.

Abstract: A light collector includes a light guide having a refractive index larger than a refractive index of air and a reflecting surface configured to reflect light output from a conic surface of the light guide back to the light guide. The light guide is made of transparent material through which light passes. The light guide has an entering portion from which light enters and an exiting portion from which the light exits. The light guide has a circular cone shape and has a cross-sectional area that decreases in a direction from the entering portion to the exiting portion.

Abstract: A microlithography projection optical system is disclosed. The system can include a plurality of optical elements arranged to image radiation having a wavelength ? from an object field in an object plane to an image field in an image plane. The plurality of optical elements can have an entrance pupil located more than 2.8 m from the object plane. A path of radiation through the optical system can be characterized by chief rays having an angle of 3° or more with respect to the normal to the object plane. This can allow the use of phase shifting masks as objects to be imaged, in particular for EUV wavelengths.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to imaging optical systems that include a plurality of mirrors, which image an object field lying in an object plane in an image field lying in an image plane, where at least one of the mirrors has a through-hole for imaging light to pass through. The disclosure also generally relates to projection exposure installations that include such imaging optical systems, methods of using such projection exposure installations, and components made by such methods.

Abstract: An illumination assembly for a scanner comprising a light source, a primary reflector and a secondary reflector. The primary reflector comprises a lower member and upper member spaced away from the lower member. The upper member has a heatsink for dissipating the heat of the light source. The light source is positioned between the lower and upper members and is attached to the upper member allowing for decreased vertical height for the illumination assembly.

Abstract: A periscope construction having a ballistic guard formed inside a protective housing, and optical system mounted therein having first and second blocks of optical material mounted at opposite ends; first and second reflective surfaces, and the object and eyepiece viewing surfaces of the respective blocks being generally parallel and forming a parallelogram in cross section; the first and second end surfaces being spaced from each other within the housing with at least one layer of transparent armor therebetween to deflect incoming projectiles away from the object viewing section; and may include at least one layer of transparent armor rigidly positioned at an angle relative to the field of view no less than 300° to a maximum of 360° which is parallel to the field of view. It may further include a high grade metallic band rigidly formed around and adjacent the space between the first and second end surfaces.

Abstract: An improved mount for, and method of mounting an, optical structure is provided. The mount has a protruding member extending from a surface of the optical structure, a base element having a mounting structure for mounting the mount to another structure and an upper element extending from the base element having a first opening extending therethrough for receipt therein of at least a portion of the protruding member. The first opening defines first and second arms, each of the arms comprising a head portion and each of the head portions ending at an end. A second opening in the upper element extends through one of the head portions and the end thereof in a direction toward the other head portion, while a third opening exists in the upper element through the end of the other head portion in an orientation substantially opposite to and in communication with the second opening so that a tightening mechanism received through the second opening can be received into the third opening.

Abstract: An improved mount for, and methods of mounting an, optical structure are provided. The mount has a protruding member extending from a surface of the optical structure, a base element having a mounting structure for mounting the mount to another structure and an upper element extending from the base element having a first opening extending therethrough for receipt therein of at least a portion of the protruding member. The first opening defines first and second arms, each of the arms comprising a head portion and each of the head portions ending at an end. A second opening in the upper element extends through one of the head portions and the end thereof in a direction toward the other head portion, while a third opening exists in the upper element through the end of the other head portion in an orientation substantially opposite to and in communication with the second opening so that a tightening mechanism received through the second opening can be received into the third opening.

Abstract: A two-sided reflector for the reflection of a diffraction-limited optical beam bundle is embodied such that a planar first and second reflection element such as, for example, a reflection film and a cat's eye reflector are arranged with respect to a reference axis of the reflector in such a way that an absolute addition constant of zero results from the targeted choice of the properties of the first and second reflection element and the arrangement thereof with respect to the reference axis for a distance measurement. The distance measurement therefore essentially corresponds to a distance measurement on a natural surface. The distance measurement can therefore be referred directly to the reference axis without additional correction.

Abstract: An all-reflective afocal lens is comprised of eight-reflective mirrors which can fold the light path into a very compact and thin configuration while maintaining diffraction limited performance. Such an afocal arrangement is usable with a traditional optical imager of an appropriate aperture dimension and FOV range, or with an annular aperture optical system with the appropriately scaled aperture and acceptable FOV angles. When combined the resulting FOV is scaled by the magnification produced by the afocal. The afocal arrangement can be used in either a magnification mode or a demagnification mode. Such an afocal arrangement can be used as either a focal length extender or as a FOV switch enabling a very short length two FOV multi-spectral system with a length that can be an order of magnitude shorter than a known optical system.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first plurality of concave reflecting surfaces; a second plurality of reflecting surfaces facing the first plurality of concave reflecting surfaces such that a region is defined between the first and second pluralities; and an input for an optical beam to enter the region and an output for the optical beam to exit the region. The first and second pluralities of reflecting surfaces are arranged relative to each other so that the optical beam is re-imaged at a reflecting surface of one of the pluralities after only one reflection from a reflecting surface of the other of the pluralities and so that overlap of two or more optical beams on each of the reflecting surfaces is avoided.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser driver includes a light detection circuit to detect a quantity of light as a detected light emission intensity and output the detected light emission intensity to the control circuit, and a control circuit to control a light emission intensity for the semiconductor laser based on the detected light emission intensity and on a predetermined light emission intensity setting value. The light detection circuit includes a photoelectric conversion element to convert the quantity of light emitted from the semiconductor laser into an electrical current and output the converted electrical current, a current magnification setting circuit to amplify the electrical current output from the photoelectric conversion element to a predetermined amplified current at one of multiple different predetermined magnifications, a detection resistor to convert the amplified current output from the current magnification setting circuit into a voltage and output the voltage as the detected light emission intensity.

Abstract: An RF/Optical shared aperture is capable of transmitting and receiving optical signals and RF signals simultaneously. This technology enables compact wide bandwidth communications systems with 100% availability in clear air turbulence, rain and fog. The functions of an optical telescope and an RF reflector antenna are combined into a single compact package by installing an RF feed at either of the focal points of a modified Gregorian telescope.

Abstract: An optical imaging apparatus operable to form a sharp stereo image in the air beside an observer, includes a flat plate-shaped light-controlling panel having numerous light-reflecting elements disposed side by side, each of which allowing light from the object to pass therethrough by reflecting the light by a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface disposed in a crossed arrangement with respect to the first reflective surface, wherein the light-controlling panel has a plurality of segment light-controlling panels in which the first reflective surfaces and the second reflective surfaces included are parallel, respectively, centerlines P of the respective segment light-controlling panels, when viewed from thereabove, intersect at a point O on the light-controlling panel, and bisectors which bisect crossing angles between the first and the second reflective surfaces of the light-reflecting elements existing on the centerlines P coincide with the centerlines P when viewed from thereabove.

Abstract: An optical device (102) configured for concentrating light towards a target element (104) is provided. The optical device (102) comprises a waveguide element (106) configured for guiding light towards the target element (104), and a wavelength conversion element (108) configured for converting incoming light of a first wavelength into outgoing light of a second wavelength. The wavelength conversion element (108) extends adjacent to the waveguide element (106). An interface (114) between the waveguide element (106) and the wavelength conversion element (108) comprises a surface roughness. The latter may provide for an in creased efficiency and low manufacturing costs of the optical device (102).

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display unit that projects an image to a light transmissive display member. The display unit is configured to accommodate a display device and a projection optical system that projects the image displayed on the display device to the display member in a housing including an opening through which projected light is output. The projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path extending from the display device to the opening. A reflection surface of the first reflecting member that reflects the image displayed on the display device has a convex shape of a free-form surface, and a reflection surface of the second reflecting member that projects the image to the display member has a concave shape of a free-form surface.