Abstract: A MEMS device is disclosed comprising: a substrate; a movable micromechanical element movable relative to the substrate; a connector and a hinge for allowing movement of the micromechanical element, wherein the connector is made of a material different than the hinge. In another embodiment of the invention, the connector has a conductivity greater than the hinge. In a further embodiment of the invention, the hinge provides at least 90% of the restoring force to the MEMS device, and the connector provides 10% or less of the restoring force. In a further embodiment of the invention, the connector and the hinge have different spring constants. In a still further embodiment of the invention, the connector experiences a lower strain at maximum deflection of the micromechanical element than the hinge.

Abstract: A light beam receiver for a laser beam (2) of a laser positioning device comprising a diffuse reflection surface (3) embodies a reflection surface (3) and at least one reflector surface (4a, 4b) facing the laser beam (2) inclined at an angle (?)<45°.

Abstract: A driver observation system for extending the driver's point of vision to the corners of a vehicle by optically transmitting forward, side and rear images from mirror assemblies receiving images at or near the front and rear corners of a vehicle through a series of mirrors and lens to the driver's view at the controls of the vehicle. The system is suitable for either front or rear or both front and rear applications, as well as left or right or both left and right and may be installed after factory manufacture of the vehicle as well as part of original manufacture.

Abstract: A multiple-resolution scanning device introduces an image information obtained by scanning a document into a light folding device and the image information is reflected in the light folding device. The image information comes out from the light folding device and received and reflected by a final reflection mirror unit, and passes through a lens unit and then focused on an optical sensor. By adjusting the light folding device or the final reflection mirror unit, or by adjusting the light source and the light folding device to change the position or angle thereof to achieve the purpose of changing the path of light of the image information and obtain the scanned results having different resolutions.

Abstract: A mirror system for a vehicle comprising an exterior rearview mirror assembly, which includes a fixed portion which is configured to mount to a side of the vehicle. The movable portion includes a reflective element and a reflective element actuator. The reflective element has a generally rearward field of view when the mirror system is mounted to the vehicle. The reflective element actuator provides selective adjustment of an orientation of the reflective element to adjust the rearward field of view to a desired orientation, and the movable portion is movably mounted to the fixed portion. The movable portion actuator selectively moves the movable portion between a viewing position wherein the movable portion extends outwardly from the vehicle at an angle with respect to the side of the vehicle and another viewing position wherein said movable portion extends outwardly from the vehicle at another angle with respect to the side of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system comprises at least one optical fiber that revolves around an axis when an array assembly that includes a radar array revolves around the axis. The optical fiber receives a light pattern that specifies information from the array assembly. A stationary device remains optically coupled to the optical fiber for receiving the light pattern while the optical fiber revolves around the axis.

Abstract: A MEMS device and a method for making a MEMS device are described. The MEMS device includes a support member, an optical device, and a flexible member. In one aspect, the flexible member is formed separately from the support member and the optical device. In one aspect, the flexible member is dimensioned to enable flex in one direction while maintaining stiffness in two orthogonal directions. In one fabrication embodiment, the MEMS device is formed by etching an opening into the structural layer to create a structural support member and an optical device. The structural support member and optical device are mounted on a support substrate with a sacrificial layer. A flexible member is conformally deposited over the structural support member and the optical device and then etched. The sacrificial layer is partially etched away to leave the structural support member anchored to the support substrate.

Abstract: A projection objective formed from six mirrors arranged in a light path between an object plane and an image plane is provided. The projection objective, in some examples, is characterized by having a physical distance between the vertexes of adjacent mirrors that is large enough to allow for the six mirrors to have sufficient thickness and stability properties to prevent surface deformations due to high layer tensions. In some embodiments, mirror thickness are such that surface deformations are prevented with mirrors having layer tensions lower than 350 MPa. Mirror surfaces may comprise multilayer systems of Mo/Be or Mo/Si layer pairs. In some examples, the physical distance between a vertex of the third mirror and a vertex of the sixth mirror (S3S6) satisfies the following relationship: 0.3×(a used diameter of the third mirror S3+a used diameter of the sixth mirror S6)<S3S6.

Abstract: Two reflection surfaces that are a first reflection surface (2) and a second reflection surface (3), each in a non-axisymmetric form, are disposed in the stated order in a direction in which light fluxes travel, and bring light fluxes from an object into focus on an image surface (4). The first reflection surface (2) and the second reflection surface (3) are provided eccentrically, and each of the first reflection surface (2) and the second refection surface (3) is concave in a cross-sectional shape taken along a plane containing a center of the image surface (4) and vertices of the reflection surfaces (2, 3). This ensures that light fluxes are guided to the image surface without being blocked, whereby an excellent image can be formed. Thus, a reflective optical device with a wider angle and improved performance can be provided.

Abstract: A reflecting member having roughness is formed on a surface above a substrate and transferred onto a film with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween. For example, a removable organic insulating layer having roughness on a surface thereof is formed above a glass substrate, and then a metal layer is formed on the rough surface of the organic insulating layer, thus forming a reflecting member. The reflecting member is then transferred onto the film with and adhesive layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: Adaptive optical elements for use in high precision lithography exposure are provided with an array of discrete actuators to provide highly stable and repeatable correction of the shape of an optical element to an accuracy of a small fraction of a very short wavelength of light in the EUV range of 1 to 50 nanometers, responsive to a metrology source and sensor arrangement. The actuators are matched to the deformation characteristics of the adaptive optical elements. Preferably, the actuators provide both positive and negative force for outward and/or inward deflection continuously over the surface of the mirror. The surface of the optical element may thus be accurately, controllably and repeatably deformed to within an allowable deformation limit to optimize optical performance of an optical system for high precision lithography exposure.

Abstract: In a method for imaging using multiple apertures, the present invention uses a wavefront sensor, a phase sensor, and an image processor to construct a high-resolution image without using complex relay optics. A wavefront sensor collects information that allows the wavefront from each aperture to be reconstructed and a phase sensor collects information regarding the relative phase difference between the apertures. An image processor uses the information collected from the phase sensor to correct the phase differences between the apertures, reconstruct the wavefronts from the wavefront sensor data, then coherently sums the wavefronts from each aperture to form a high-resolution image that corresponds to a synthesized aperture that is larger than any of the individual apertures.

Abstract: A back-up mirror system for passenger vehicles allowing a driver to have an alternative view of any nearby oncoming cross-traffic imminently passing behind the vehicle before deciding to back up into that lane of cross-traffic, which is especially useful when an adjacent obstruction blocks direct views. The first mirror in the back-up mirror system is the standard rear-view mirror (10) generally positioned inside the passenger compartment at the top edge of the front windshield at the center of the vehicle's width and whose reflective surface is generally facing the rear window of the vehicle, and the second mirror, the back-up mirror (6), also mounted inside the passenger compartment, is mounted in a region behind the driver's seat, and whose reflective surface is generally facing a side of the vehicle (left-looking or right-looking). The back-up mirror system is especially useful when a backing-up driver has a limited range of neck movement preventing a direct look at oncoming cross-traffic.

Abstract: A transflective LCD device having various cell gaps. The transflective LCD device is characterized by the passivation layer being formed on a lower substrate in a reflective region. A color filter layer is formed above the passivation layer, wherein a first thickness of the color filter layer in the reflective region is smaller than a second thickness of the color filter layer in a transmissive region. A transparent organic element is formed on an inner side of an upper substrate in the reflective region for bridging a gap in a liquid crystal layer between upper and lower substrates, wherein one end of the transparent organic element shores up the lower substrate. Thus, the gap thickness in the reflective region is smaller than that in the transmissive region.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator is disclosed, along with methods for making such a modulator, that comprises an array of micromirrors each having a hinge and a micromirror plate held via the hinge on a substrate, the micromirror plate being disposed in a plane separate from the hinge and having a diagonal extending across the micromirror plate, the micromirror plate being attached to the hinge such that the micromirror plate can rotate along a rotation axis that is parallel to, but off-set from the diagonal of the micromirror plate. Also disclosed is a projection system that comprises such a spatial light modulator, as well as a light source, condensing optics, wherein light from the light source is focused onto the array of micromirrors, projection optics for projecting light selectively reflected from the array of micromirrors onto a target, and a controller for selectively actuating the micromirrors in the array.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for deploying the petals of a sectored mirror assembly of an optical space telescope, wherein the sectored mirror includes a central hub and a plurality of petals disposed about the periphery of the central hub, and each petal has a petal root independently hinged to the central hub. The system includes a first hinge assembly having a root mount secured to a petal root and a hub mount secured the central hub, whereby the first hinge assembly affords the petal associated therewith freedom of rotation about a petal hinge axis. The system further includes a second hinge assembly including a root mount secured to the petal root and a hub mount secured to the central hub, whereby the second hinge assembly affords the petal associated therewith freedom of rotation about the petal hinge axis and freedom to expand and contract thermally, and move rigidly along the petal hinge axis in a frictionless, unconstrained manner.

Abstract: Light-reflective concave portions are disposed on the surface of a substrate. The concave portions have a first and second vertical section perpendicular to each other. The first vertical section has an internal shape defined by a first curve and a second curve, the first curve extending from one point on the peripheral edge of the concave portion to the deepest point of the concave portion, and the second curve extending continuously from the first curve and from the deepest point of the concave portion to another point on the peripheral edge of the concave portion. The average of the absolute value of an inclination angle of the first curve is larger than that of the second curve relative to the substrate surface. The second vertical section has an internal shape defined by a shallow curve and deep curves formed at both sides of the shallow curve.

Abstract: A minor parking mechanism for an exterior rear view mirror that rotates a mirror head to a parked position. The mechanism has a mirror mounting bracket, a mirror head pivotally connected to the mirror mounting bracket so the mirror head can rotate from a deployed position to a parked position. A detent acting between the mirror mounting bracket and the mirror head to lock and unlock the mirror head. A spring acts against and locks the detent in position. A worm drive in the mirror head moves longitudinally along a shaft and rotates about an axis to act against the spring, which in turn reduces the spring force applied to the detent to enable it to disengage whereupon continued rotation of the worm drive causes the mirror head to rotate.

Abstract: A reflective projection display system for receiving a light ray and projecting it onto a screen in a light-state mode. The reflective projection display system includes a reflective micro-mirror panel, a projecting device and a prism set. Before reaching the reflective micro-mirror panel, the light ray is firstly reflected by the prism set. The light ray reflected by the reflective micro-mirror panel in the light-state mode directly passes through the prism set and is then received by the projection lens. The light ray reflected by the reflective micro-mirror panel in the dark-state mode is totally reflected at an interface between a prism adjacent to the reflective micro-mirror panel and an air gap adjacent to the prism.

Abstract: An apparatus in one example comprises a corner cube that comprises a first side, a second side, and a third side that cooperate to retro-reflect an incoming beam of light and output an outgoing beam of light. One or more of the first side, the second side, and the third side of the corner cube serve to contribute substantially to a decrease of over twenty percent in an amplitude of the outgoing beam of light relative to an amplitude of the incoming beam of light.

Abstract: An optical scan apparatus includes an optical deflection unit (4), an image formation optical system (3), and curved surface mirrors (7a to b 7d). Light fluxes from the image formation optical system (3) come onto the deflection surface (4a) of die optical deflection unit (4) in an oblique direction. Light fluxes from the optical deflection unit (4) come onto the curved surface mirrors (7a to 7d) in an oblique direction. When a boundary is a plane (6) including a normal at the center of the deflection surface (4a) and parallel to the main scan direction, the curved surface mirrors (7a to 7d) are arranged in the same space divided by the boundary and the scan speeds of fluxes scanning the surfaces to be scanned (8a to 8d) are almost identical. Thus, it is possible to obtain identical drive frequencies of the light sources (1a to 1d), thereby simplifying the circuit.

Abstract: A vehicle blind spot monitoring system includes an adjustable side view mirror(s), a mirror controller configured to control an angular orientation of the adjustable side view mirror(s) , side view mirror adjustment actuator(s) configured to enable a vehicle occupant to remotely adjust, in a normal operating condition, angular orientations of the adjustable side view mirror(s) in a normal orientation range, and side view blind spot adjustment actuator(s) configured to enable a vehicle occupant to remotely adjust, in a blind spot operating condition, angular orientations of the adjustable side view mirror(s) in blind spot orientation ranges. The adjustable side view mirror(s), the side view mirror adjustment actuator(s), and the side view blind spot adjustment actuator(s) are each communicatively interconnected with the mirror controller.

Abstract: A retro-reflector is arranged for retro-reflecting an incident beam back to an optical component. The retro-reflector comprises three reflecting plates, two of which being arranged in parallel and one being arranged perpendicular to the parallel plates, so that the retro-reflected beam is parallel to the incident beam but with opposite propagation direction.

Abstract: In a method for imaging using multiple apertures, the present invention uses a wavefront sensor, a phase sensor, and an image processor to construct a high-resolution image without using complex relay optics. A wavefront sensor collects information that allows the wavefront from each aperture to be reconstructed and a phase sensor collects information regarding the relative phase difference between the apertures. An image processor uses the information collected from the phase sensor to correct the phase differences between the apertures, reconstruct the wavefronts from the wavefront sensor data, then coherently sums the wavefronts from each aperture to form a high-resolution image that corresponds to a synthesized aperture that is larger than any of the individual apertures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus delays an optical input using a scanning optical delay line. The scanning optical delay line includes an optical input and an optical output. A reflective element is arranged to rotate about an axis such that the reflective element maintains a constant incidence angle between the optical input and the reflective element for at least a portion of a rotation of the reflective element.

Abstract: Light-reflective concave portions are disposed on the surface of a substrate. The concave portions have a first and second vertical section perpendicular to each other. The first vertical section has an internal shape defined by a first curve and a second curve, the first curve extending from one point on the peripheral edge of the concave portion to the deepest point of the concave portion, and the second curve extending continuously from the first curve and from the deepest point of the concave portion to another point on the peripheral edge of the concave portion. The average of the absolute value of an inclination angle of the first curve is larger than that of the second curve relative to the substrate surface. The second vertical section has an internal shape defined by a shallow curve and deep curves formed at both sides of the shallow curve.

Abstract: An exterior rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle including an extendable mirror for improved rearward viewing is disclosed. Several embodiments of the rearview mirror assembly each comprise a mirror housing, a mirror disposed in the mirror housing, and some structure to allow extension of the mirror between an inboard position and an outboard position. In one embodiment, the mirror assembly includes structure to allow rotation of the mirror between inboard and outboard positions. The mirror may comprise a post disposed in a mirror shell and extending along a longitudinal horizontal axis which extends through a plane defined by the mirror, offset from a central vertical axis of the mirror. In another embodiment, the means for rotating the mirror comprises a pivot part having a shaft disposed in an aperture in the mirror shell, which is disposed along the longitudinal horizontal axis.

Abstract: In order to minimize light diffraction along the direction of switching and more particularly light diffraction into the acceptance cone of the collection optics, in the present invention, micromirrors are provided which are not rectangular. Also, in order to minimize the cost of the illumination optics and the size of the display unit of the present invention, the light source is placed orthogonal to the rows (or columns) of the array, and/or the light source is placed orthogonal to a side of the frame defining the active area of the array. The incident light beam, though orthogonal to the sides of the active area, is not however, orthogonal to any substantial portion of sides of the individual micromirrors in the array. Orthogonal sides cause incident light to diffract along the direction of micromirror switching, and result in light ‘leakage’ into the ‘on’ state even if the micromirror is in the ‘off’ state.

Abstract: A multiple aperture imaging system, that includes: a plurality of imaging elements for capturing light; an optical relay assembly for phasing the captured light; a means for diverting the captured light within the multiple aperture imaging system to produce a plurality of images; and an imaging sensor capable of receiving the captured light from each of the plurality of imaging elements.

Abstract: In order to minimize light diffraction along the direction of switching and more particularly light diffraction into the acceptance cone of the collection optics, in the present invention, micromirrors are provided which are not rectangular. Also, in order to minimize the cost of the illumination optics and the size of the display unit of the present invention, the light source is placed orthogonal to the rows (or columns) of the array, and/or the light source is placed orthogonal to a side of the frame defining the active area of the array. The incident light beam, though orthogonal to the sides of the active area, is not however, orthogonal to any substantial portion of sides of the individual micromirrors in the array. Orthogonal sides cause incident light to diffract along the direction of micromirror switching, and result in light ‘leakage’ into the ‘on’ state even if the micromirror is in the ‘off’ state.

Abstract: In order to minimize light diffraction along the direction of switching and more particularly light diffraction into the acceptance cone of the collection optics, in the present invention, micromirrors are provided which are not rectangular. Also, in order to minimize the cost of the illumination optics and the size of the display unit of the present invention, the light source is placed orthogonal to the rows (or columns) of the array, and/or the light source is placed orthogonal to a side of the frame defining the active area of the array. The incident light beam, though orthogonal to the sides of the active area, is not however, orthogonal to any substantial portion of sides of the individual micromirrors in the array. Orthogonal sides cause incident light to diffract along the direction of micromirror switching, and result in light ‘leakage’ into the ‘on’ state even if the micromirror is in the ‘off’ state.

Abstract: A fastening mechanism for a door mirror comprises an upper arm secured to an upper bar, the upper arm including a downward loop having a first knurled surface, and a mated lower arm secured to a lower bar, the lower arm including an upward loop having a second knurled surface engaged with the first knurled surface for enabling the arms to move each other until the door mirror can be fitted in a space confined by the bars and the arms; and a trigger having a threaded pin driven through a cap and the loops into a nut of the auxiliary mirror for fastening the auxiliary mirror and the frame together. Snap fasteners of elastic straps of the lower bar are snapped onto risers of the upper bar by crossing the elastic straps over the door mirror prior to stretching the elastic straps for fastening the door mirror.

Abstract: A one-piece hollow retroreflector is formed in a cylindrical body of lead or another malleable material in a punch press operation. A punch having a cube corner configuration is used to form a reflecting chamber having three mutually orthogonal surfaces into the cylinder. The reflecting chamber can be formed using a rough punch, and then a finish punch. The finish punch would produce the reflective surfaces of the three walls of the chamber. The chamber walls can be coated with a protective coating to help prevent corrosion of the surfaces. After the reflecting chamber has been formed and finished, the body of the retroreflector can be machined to remove the displaced material and otherwise form the outer surfaces of the body to a desired shape.

Abstract: A lateral-view mirror assembly having a first lateral-view mirror and a second lateral-view mirror coupled to a spoiler of a vehicle and dimensioned to provide a driver of a vehicle with the ability to view objects positioned lateral to a rear portion of the vehicle by looking at a reflection of the objects reflected from the first and second lateral-view mirrors to a rear-view mirror to the driver.

Abstract: A mirror ball comprises a pair of counter-rotating reflective hemispheres. These are each attached to rotating bevel gears that are in mesh with a horizontal static bevel gear. A vertical spindle rotates with respect to a shaft extending upwardly from a base that supports the mirror ball. The spindle has a spindle gear that is driven to rotate with respect to the shaft by an electric motor and reduction gearbox.

Abstract: Passive reflective members in the form of panels or mirrors are mounted to a building for providing reflection of light and solar radiation. The reflective members are mounted along the buildings on adjustable brackets. Further, there is described a design for a storage building complex where these buildings present reflective panels for reflecting sunlight and enhancing electrical lighting within the aisles between the buildings.

Abstract: A multiple reflective mirrors module is described. The module is utilized in an optical engine of a business machine, such as a projector, a laser printer, a copy machine, or a scanner. The module has a fixed reflective mirror, a first tilting reflective mirror, and a second tilting reflective mirror. The first tilting reflective mirror receives an incident light and reflects the incident light to the fixed reflective mirror. Subsequently, the light is reflected by the fixed reflective mirror to the second tilting reflective mirror. Therefore, the second tilting reflective mirror generates an output light. When the first tilting reflective mirror rotates within an angle &thgr;1 and the second tilting reflective mirror rotates within an angle &thgr;2, the output light is capable of rotating within an output angle, twice of &thgr;1+&thgr;2. The fixed reflective mirror can be replaced by another tilting reflective mirror.

Abstract: In an electronic image pickup apparatus, a beam splitter and an image pickup element are incorporated into an optical finder unit together with optical parts used for an optical finder. The optical finder unit includes a finder case for receiving the optical parts used for the optical finder and a holding member for holding the beam splitter and the image pickup element. The image pickup element has an image pickup surface which is inclined to the light beams incident upon the beam splitter. The light beam incident upon the image pickup element is reflected twice in the beam splitter, while the light beam incident upon the optical finder penetrates the beam splitter without being reflected.

Abstract: An optical circulator of the present invention comprises (a) an array of ports, the array comprising at least a first port and a last port, each port is adapted to (i) inject a beam of light into said optical circulator, and (ii) remove a beam of light from said optical circulator; (b) a first reflective member adapted to receive a beam of light from a port and to reflect the beam of light to a second reflective member; (c) a second reflective member adapted to receive a beam of light from the first reflective member and to reflect the beam of light to a third reflective member; and (d) a third reflective member adapted to receive a beam of light from the second reflective member and to sequentially direct the beam to a next port of the array so as to circulate the beam of light through at least a portion of the array of ports.

Abstract: The present invention provides an outer mirrors installed in an automobile, that has a capability to be reset into a housing position, features to have auxiliary mirrors to percept and monitor the front wheels and thereabout, has a flexibility for well appreciated apparent design, has no reflection of head lamp lights of oncoming automobiles thereby and is capable to perform the function of the auxiliary mirror in the night or in the dark place. The outer mirror comprises a mirror base extending outward and a mirror housing, being capable to be reset into the housing position, suspended under the mirror base with a rotation capability thereunder and a separation distance from the automobile, wherein a first auxiliary mirror facing obliquely downward is attached to the mirror housing on the surface facing to the automobile body.

Abstract: An automobile exterior rearview mirror system in which adjustments by the vehicle operator to the driver side mirror are used to make automatic adjustments to the passenger side mirror without requiring the operator to make separate, independent adjustment of that mirror. The automatic adjustment is determined using the measured horizontal angle of the driver side mirror along with distance data related to the position of an inboard edge of each of the exterior mirrors.

Abstract: The invention provides an ultra-high numerical aperture imaging device (1) comprising two rotationally symmetric curved mirrors (11h, 12b), which can be used to achieve very high concentrations of light or other sorts of wave (or other sorts of physical entities that satisfy equivalent “ballistic” equations of motion) or can be used in reverse to form a beam that has a small angle spread, and which can be combined with a further plane, partially transparent mirror (if necessary with additional components to attenuate and rotate the polarisation of the waves involved), to create a device able to achieve a materially better resolution than that implied by the traditional Rayleigh resolution criterion. A detailed method for designing such a device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cube corner reflector is oriented so that incident and reflected beams either entirely miss the edges at the intersections of reflective surfaces or so that the beams have only peripheral portions incident on the edges. A symmetry plane of the cube corner reflector is midway between the incident and reflected beams of the cube corner reflector and contains the central axis of the cube corner reflector and one of the edges between the reflective surfaces. For a minimum size reflector that permits the tight beam spacing, trimmed surfaces perpendicular to the symmetry plane are at different distances from the central axis. The edges, variations in the orthogonality of the reflective surfaces, and beam walk off cause less wavefront distortion that could affect measurements in systems such as interferometers.

Abstract: The invention is to improve ones view of their eyes for the express purpose of ministering to the eyes. The angle of reflection from the three angled magnified mirrors give the viewer a closer and clearer view of either the upper or lower lid. The open container design allows the viewer easy access to viewing their eyes and application of anything to the eyes or eye area. The magnification improves the view of the observer simultaneously from three different vertical angles for the purpose of clearly seeing the upper or lower lid of the eye.

Abstract: The Panorama Mirror Set consists of several individual mirrors attached to a frame which may replace the present rear view mirror or the frame may be adapted to grip the present rear view mirror and support individual mirrors to each side of the installed rear view mirror. These individual mirrors will each be adjustable to reflect a given sector of the sides and rear of the automobile in which installed. The mountings may be such that each mirror has an adjustable mounting on a fixed frame, a fixed mounting on a hinged frame frame or the mirrors may be pre-adjusted on a fixed frame to reflect the sector images for easy viewing by the driver without interrupting the drivers forward view. The key criterion is that the driver can get an instantious image view of any automobile or other obstruction to the sides or rear of the automobile without interrupting his/herr forward view.

Abstract: In a device to generate laser light, with a laser-active main resonator (2) and a coupled non-linear resonator (6), each of the two resonators (2, 6) being delimited by mirrors (8, 4; 4, 10), and one mirror (4) of the main resonator (2) being identical to a mirror (4) of the coupled non-linear resonator (6), it is provided that the non-linear resonator (6) is designed for a power loss less than 63% of the power which is coupled via the main resonator (2) and the mirror which delimits the coupled non-linear resonator (6), and the laser-active main resonator is designed so that in laser operation it has a threshold pump power which is less than one fifth, preferably less than one tenth, of the pump power which is used and using which this resonator is excited.

Abstract: This invention provides a reflective element assembly suitable for use in an exterior sideview mirror assembly mounted to the side body of an automobile. The reflective element assembly includes a first reflective element and a second reflective element. The second reflective element is angled downwardly and forwardly with respect to the first reflective element when the mirror assembly is mounted to a side of an automobile to provide an increased field of view. In one form, both reflective elements are commonly supported on a bezel, which is mounted to the mirror assembly casing. In another form, the reflective elements are separately mounted, with the second reflective element fixedly mounted to the casing and the first reflective element movably supported in the mirror casing, for example, on an actuator.

Abstract: A soda inclusive glass substrate is coated with a highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon inclusive layer that is a form of diamond-like carbon (DLC). In certain embodiments, the amorphous carbon layer includes at least about 35% sp3 carbon-carbon bonds, more preferably at least about 70%, and most preferably at least about 80% of the sp3 carbon-carbon bonds. The high density (e.g. greater than or equal to about 2.4 gm/cm3) of the amorphous carbon layer prevents soda from exiting the glass and reacting with water at surface(s) of the glass, thereby minimizing visible stains (or corrosion) on the glass. The high density amorphous carbon layer also may repel water. In some embodiments, the highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer is part of a larger DLC coating, while in other embodiments the highly tetrahedral layer forms the entirety of a DLC coating on the substrate.

Abstract: A microlithography reduction objective formed from six mirrors arranged in a light path between an object plane and an image plane is provided. The microlithography reduction objective is characterized by having an image-side numerical aperture NA 0.15. In some embodiments, the mirror closest to the image plane, i.e., the fifth mirror is arranged such that an image-side optical free working distance is greater than or equal to a used diameter of a physical mirror surface of the fifth mirror, a physical mirror surface being the area of a mirror where light rays from the object impinge. The fifth mirror may be arranged such that an image-side optical free working distance is greater than or equal to the sum of one-third the used diameter of the physical mirror surface on the fifth mirror and a length between 20 mm and 30 mm. The fifth mirror may be arranged such that the image-side optical free working distance is at least 50 mm, as well.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrostatic corrector based on an electrostatic corrector with a rectilinear optical axis (1) and two corrective parts (8, 9), which are arranged one behind the other along the optical axis and have respective quadrupole fields and superimposed circular lens fields. The astigmatic intermediate image of one cross-section that is created by an axis point lies in one corrective pan and the astigmatic intermediate image of the other cross-section, which is perpendicular to said first cross-section, lies in the other corrective part. The aim of the invention is to eliminate the chromatic aberration of particle lenses. To achieve this, the invention provides a corrector comprising two corrective units with a similar instrumental construction, each having one of the corrective parts, on whose respective input and output sides two additional electrostatic quadrupoles are located. Said corrective units represent the axial paths in a telescopic manner in a 1:1 representation.