Abstract: The embodiments of the invention provide a viewing system having an upright member, a first mirror coupled to the upright member, a light source coupled to the upright member, and a retractable mirror assembly coupled to the upright member. The retractable mirror assembly includes a horizontal support coupled on one end to the upright member, an adjustable vertical support coupled on one end to the other end of the horizontal support, and a second mirror coupled to the other end of the adjustable vertical support. A user can adjust the position of the second mirror by retracting or extending the adjustable vertical support. The system can include a remote control or a control switch coupled to the adjustable vertical support to control the extension and retraction of the adjustable vertical support. The second mirror can be foldable to allow for multiple viewing angles.

Abstract: A scanning optical system capable of sufficiently enlarging an exit pupil and being reduced in size is disclosed. The scanning optical system has a scanning device used to scan light from a light source and a first optical system used to directs the light scanned by the scanning device to an exit pupil. The first surface has at least a reflective action and is decentered with respect to a central principal ray. The second surface reflects the light reflected by the first surface again toward the first surface. The first surface reflects the central principal ray, which has again been made incident to the first surface from the second surface, toward a side substantially opposite to a side toward which the central principal ray was reflected the last time with respect to a normal on a hit point of the central principal ray in the first surface.

Abstract: A digital control for light beams. A position of an output light beam is changed based on a digital input control formed of a plurality of bits. The device may use movable mirrors to change the position of the output light beams.

Abstract: To provide a compact imaging optical system using reflecting mirrors that can be equipped and used in a vehicle or the like. An imaging optical system according to the invention includes three reflecting mirrors (103, 107, 109) and configured, when an XYZ orthogonal coordinate system using an optical axis at the center of the field of view as Z-axis is determined, so that the optical axis at the center of the field of view and an optical axis of an image surface may be in parallel by changing orientation of the optical axis in a YZ section while maintaining the orientation of the optical axis in an XZ section, wherein a shape of a YZ section of at least one reflecting mirror is made asymmetric with respect to Z-axis of local coordinates of each reflection surface for reducing aberration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a projection optical system for projecting a pattern of a mask placed on an object plane, onto a substrate placed on an image plane. The projection optical system is arranged so that an intermediate image of the pattern formed on the mask, is formed between a third reflection surface and a fourth reflection surface. In accordance with a particular shape of the third reflection surface or with particular disposition, high-precision projection is ensured without enlargement in size of the whole system.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises an image forming element, and an imaging optical system made up of a plurality of reflectors for projecting an image formed by the image forming element to provide an enlarged version of the image, wherein at least one of the reflectors which make up the imaging optical system is movable for adjusting the focus, and the movable reflector is movable along a straight line non-parallel with the normal line of the image forming element.

Abstract: Two reflective surfaces disposed in a predetermined angular orientation inside the optical tube assembly of a telescope intercept the optical beam and deliver it from the objective to the eye-piece. By translating these surfaces simultaneously along the axis bisecting the angle between them, the separation between the focal points of the objective and the eye-piece is adjusted as required to re-focus the telescope in a continuous and reversible fashion without changing its overall dimensions.

Abstract: A photolithographic reduction projection catadioptric objective includes a first optical group G1 including an even number of at least four mirrors M1–M6; and a second at least substantially dioptric optical group G2 imageward than the first optical group G1 including a number of lenses E4–E13. The first optical group G1 provides compensative axial aberrative correction for the second optical group G2 which forms an image with a numerical aperture of at least substantially 0.65, and preferably at least 0.70 or 0.75. Six mirror examples are shown.

Abstract: A catoptric reduction projection optical system that uses light of light with a wavelength of 200 nm or less includes six light-reflecting mirrors arranged from an object side to an image side such that said mirrors basically form a coaxial system, wherein a third mirror in said six mirrors is located at a pupil position of said optical system.

Abstract: A catoptric projection optical system for projecting a pattern on an object surface onto an image surface includes plural mirrors, wherein a second mirror from the image surface through the optical path receives convergent pencil of rays, and has a paraxial magnification of ?0.14 or smaller.

Abstract: An optical system is disclosed with which higher magnification can be easily achieved and aberrations can be favorably corrected, yet is compact. The optical system includes a plurality of optical surfaces including a first surface which has at least a reflective action, a second surface reflecting the light rays reflected by the first surface back toward the first surface, and a diffractive optical surface. The first surface reflects a central field-angle principal ray, which comes from the second surface and is again incident on the first surface, to the opposite side of the previous reflection with respect to a normal at a hit point of the central field-angle principal ray on the first surface.

Abstract: A projection lens for imaging a pattern arranged in an object plane onto an image plane using electromagnetic radiation from the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region has several imaging mirrors between its object plane and image plane that define an optical axis of the projection lens and have reflective coatings. At least one of those mirrors has a graded reflective coating that has a film-thickness gradient that is rotationally symmetric with respect to a coating axis, where that coating axis is acentrically arranged with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens. Providing at least one acentric, graded, reflective coating allows designing projection lenses that allow highly uniform field illumination, combined with high total transmittance.

Abstract: A lighting system, particularly for use in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, comprising a projection lens for producing semiconductor elements for wavelengths ?193 nm is provided with a light source, an object plane, an exit pupil, a first optical element having first screen elements for producing light channels, and with a second optical element having second screen elements. A screen element of the second optical element is assigned to each light channel that is formed by one of the first screen elements of the first optical element. The screen elements of the first optical element and of the second optical element can be configured or arranged so that they produce, for each light channel, a continuous beam course from the light source up to the object plane. The angles of the first screen elements of the first optical element can be adjusted in order to modify a tilt.

Abstract: There is provided a microlithographic projector lens for EUV-lithography with a wavelegth in a range of 10–30 nm, an incident aperture diaphragm and an emergent aperture diaphragm for the transformation of an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. The invention has a microlithographic projector lens that includes a first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth mirror, and a beam path from the object plane to the image plane that is free from obscuration.

Abstract: An improved roof mirror assembly is provided. The roof mirror assembly of the invention is comprised of first and second mirror panels comprising first and second reflective surfaces and first and second mounting surfaces, respectively, the first and second mirror panels being joined together so that the first and second reflective surfaces are substantially perpendicular to each other. The assembly further comprising at least one mounting block comprising at least one opening extending through a portion thereof and at least one mounting pin received within the at least one opening of the at least one mounting block, wherein the at least one mounting pin is attached within the opening to the at least one mounting block and is attached to at least one of the first or second mounting surfaces of the first or second mirror panels.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for producing chromatic dispersion. The apparatus includes a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) generator, a mirror and a lens. The VIPA generator receives an input light at a respective wavelength and produces a corresponding collimated output light traveling from the VIPA generator in a direction determined by the wavelength of the input light, the output light thereby being spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light at a different wavelength. The mirror has a cone shape, or a modified cone shape. The lens focuses the output light traveling from the VIPA generator onto the mirror so that the mirror reflects the output light. The reflected light is directed by the lens back to the VIPA generator. In this manner, the apparatus provides chromatic dispersion to the input light.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an apparatus and the apparatus being configured to convert a first distribution of an input radiation to a second distribution of output radiation. The method consists of the steps of generating a two-dimensional representation of at least three active optical surfaces of an optical device including calculating a segment of a first surface based on edge ray sets as a first generalized Cartesian oval, calculating a segment of an entry surface based on the edge ray set as a second generalized Cartesian oval, calculating a segment of a second surface based on the edge ray set as a third generalized Cartesian oval, and successively repeating the steps of calculating the segment of the first surface and calculating the segment of the second surface in a direction towards a source, and rotationally sweeping the two-dimensional representation about a central axis providing a three-dimensional representation of the optical device.

Abstract: An apparatus 10 provides an angled mirror 24 on a rear portion of the motor vehicle 12 that will be viewable in the side view mirror 12 to permit the driver 18 to see perpendicularly approaching traffic while backing out. The apparatus 10 is to be mounted on both sides of the vehicle 12 and may be manufactured in new vehicles or retrofit to existing ones. When manufactured in new vehicles 12, the apparatus 10 may be selectively adjusted by the driver using controls and technology similar to that currently in use for adjusting side view mirrors such as cables or RF signals. Furthermore, the mirror may be retractable to sit flush with the body of the vehicle 12 to maintain the aerodynamic properties thereof. Many other features may be integrated with the apparatus 10 such as a heating element for defrosting/defogging the mirror, a protective door that covers the mirror when in the retracted position and so forth.

Abstract: The Foot Reflector . . . for Your Health is a unique combination of three normally reflective mirrors, two magnification mirrors, and a leg support. The items are all attached to a structure, which allows the user to comfortably self-examine the entire area of the foot. This includes the toes and the area between them. The simplicity of the design, the low cost of manufacture, the ease of maintenance and use make it a device that could be readily available to anyone with a circulatory problem. The fact that four of the mirrors can be adjusted so that no part of the foot is missed during self-examination is unique to the Foot Reflector . . . for Your Health.

Abstract: A catoptric projection optical system for projecting a reduced size of a pattern on an object surface onto an image surface includes eight mirrors and forms an intermediate image between the sixth mirror and the seventh mirror on an optical path, wherein a position in a height direction of a principal ray from an optical axis at each mirror displaces, and a displacement direction from the first mirror to the fourth mirror is reverse to that from the fifth mirror to the eight mirror, wherein the second mirror to the fifth mirror are a concave mirror, a convex mirror, a concave mirror and a concave mirror, and the seventh mirror to the eighth are a convex mirror and a concave mirror, and wherein the second mirror of the eight mirrors is located closest to the object surface side.

Abstract: There is provided a compact, strong and high-performance catoptric optical system. This catoptric optical system has plural optical curved reflective surfaces. A gap between a pair of reflective surfaces, through which light incident upon said catoptric projection optical system passes, is the same gap between a pair of reflective surfaces, through which light exited from the catoptric projection optical system passes.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for producing chromatic dispersion. The apparatus includes a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) generator, a mirror and a lens. The VIPA generator receives an input light at a respective wavelength and produces a corresponding collimated output light traveling from the VIPA generator in a direction determined by the wavelength of the input light, the output light thereby being spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light at a different wavelength. The mirror has a cone shape, or a modified cone shape. The lens focuses the output light traveling from the VIPA generator onto the mirror so that the mirror reflects the output light. The reflected light is directed by the lens back to the VIPA generator. In this manner, the apparatus provides chromatic dispersion to the input light.

Abstract: A catoptric projection optical system for projecting a pattern on an object surface onto an image surface includes plural mirrors, wherein a second mirror from the image surface through the optical path receives convergent pencil of rays, and has a paraxial magnification of ?0.14 or smaller.

Abstract: An illumination system and condenser for use in photolithography in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength region has a first non-imaging optic element collecting electromagnetic radiation from a source and creates a desired radiance distribution. A second non-imaging optic element receives the electromagnetic radiation from the first non-imaging optic element and redirects and images the electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation from the second non-imaging optic element is suitable for being received by other conventional optical surfaces to provide a desired radiance distribution with a desired angular distribution and desired shape. Facets are used to provide the desired illumination over the desired illumination field. Reflective facets may be placed on the second non-imaging optic, which can reduce the number of mirrors and increase efficiency.

Abstract: The invention provides a telescope system for inputting an image and presenting the image to a user. The telescope system includes a first array of flat mirrors including a plurality of first mirrors, the image, being light information, incident upon and reflected by each of the first array of mirrors; a primary reflecting curved mirror, each of the first mirrors reflecting light information onto the primary reflecting curved mirror; and a light collection portion, the light collection portion collecting and combining light information, originating from each of the first mirrors, so as to present a viewable image.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device for transferring light within a given field-of-view, comprising an input aperture; reflecting surfaces, and an output aperture located in spaced-apart relationship from the input aperture such that light waves, located within the field-of-view, that enter the optical device through the input aperture, exit the optical device through the output aperture, wherein the reflecting surfaces are at least one pair of parallel reflecting surfaces and that part of the light waves located within the field-of-view that enter the input aperture, pass directly to the output aperture without being reflected off the at least one pair of parallel reflecting surfaces, while another part of the light waves within the field-of-view that enters the input aperture, arrives at the output aperture after being twice reflected by the at least one pair of parallel reflecting surfaces.

Abstract: A technique for changing the cross-sectional profile of a beam of light from, for example, circular or elliptical to thin involves dividing the beam of light into cross-sectional portions, rotating the cross-sectional portions, and then concatenating the rotated cross-sectional portions to form a thin beam. The resulting thin beam has a long dimension that is formed by the concatenation of the cross-sectional portions of the original beam. A device for changing the cross-sectional profile of a beam of light may be fabricated with silicon optical bench technologies or other molding technologies. The device includes facets that divide a beam of light into cross-sectional portions, rotate the cross-sectional portions, and then concatenate the rotated cross-sectional portions to form a thin beam.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an image-forming optical system provided with a plurality of curved mirrors whereby two points at different distances are made to have an optically conjugate relationship, sequentially starting with a first conjugate point which is nearer when an optical path is traced from the first conjugate point to a second conjugate point which is farther, comprises, a first mirror which reflects luminous flux from the first conjugate point to transform the luminous flux into substantially parallel luminous flux, and a second mirror which reflects the luminous flux reflected by the first mirror while keeping the luminous flux substantially parallel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a projection optical system specifically to be used with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light having a wavelength not less than 10 nm and not greater than 20 nm. The projection optical system has six mirrors sequentially reflecting light in an order from the object side toward the image side and being disposed to define a coaxial system, wherein each of the six mirrors has a curvature radius not greater than 1500 mm.

Abstract: A device for reflecting an image to a user's eyes that includes a viewing member having an interior mirror positioned in angled alignment with the user's eye; and an exterior mirror positioned in spaced alignment to the interior mirror. The exterior mirror is adjustable with respect to the interior mirror. The device further includes a pair of interior mirrors positioned in angled alignment to the user's eyes; and a pair of exterior mirrors in spaced alignment to the interior mirrors.

Abstract: A multi-view mirror assembly for a vehicle dimensioned to allow a driver to view people, vehicles and other objects positioned lateral and downwardly vertical to a rear end of the vehicle is disclosed. The multi-view mirror assembly is mountable on either an exterior or an interior surface of the vehicle. Furthermore, the multi-view mirror is maneuverable so as to compensate for varying vehicle sizes and dimensions.

Abstract: There is provided a collector for guiding light with a wavelength of ?193 nm onto a plane. The collector includes a first mirror shell for receiving a first ring aperture section of the light and irradiating a first planar ring section of the plane with a first irradiance, and a second mirror shell for receiving a second ring aperture section of the light and irradiating a second planar ring section of the plane with a second irradiance. The first and second mirror shells are rotationally symmetrical and concentrically arranged around a common axis of rotation, the first and second ring aperture sections do not overlap with one another, the first planar ring section substantially abuts the second planar ring section, and the first irradiance is approximately equal to the second irradiance.

Abstract: A light beam receiver for a laser beam (2) of a laser positioning device comprising a diffuse reflection surface (3) embodies a reflection surface (3) and at least one reflector surface (4a, 4b) facing the laser beam (2) inclined at an angle (?)<45°.

Abstract: An improved roof mirror assembly is provided. The roof mirror assembly of the invention is comprised of first and second mirror panels having first and second reflective surfaces and first and second back portions, respectively, the first and second mirror panels being joined together so that the first and second reflective surfaces are substantially perpendicular to each other, and at least one mounting block to complete the joining together of the first and second mirror panels into the roof mirror assembly and for mounting the assembly onto another structure, the at least one mounting block attached to both the first and second back portions of the mirror panels, wherein the back portions extend along the respective mirror panels in orientations that do not meet or intersect with the reflective surfaces.

Abstract: A projection lens for imaging a pattern arranged in an object plane onto an image plane using electromagnetic radiation from the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region has several imaging mirrors between its object plane and image plane that define an optical axis of the projection lens and have reflective coatings. At least one of those mirrors has a graded reflective coating that has a film-thickness gradient that is rotationally symmetric with respect to a coating axis, where that coating axis is acentrically arranged with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens. Providing at least one acentric, graded, reflective coating allows designing projection lenses that allow highly uniform field illumination, combined with high total transmittance.

Abstract: An optical communication system for transmitting multiple optical beams, each at a different wavelength is disclosed. The optical communication system includes a laser array having multiple laser transmitters transmitting multiple optical beams, each at a different wavelength. The optical communication system further includes a diffraction grating optically coupled to the laser array, the diffraction grating diffracting each of the optical beams at a substantially equal diffraction angle to form a combined optical beam. The combined beam is then focused into an optical communication media.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an apparatus and the apparatus being configured to convert a first distribution of an input radiation to a second distribution of output radiation. The method consists of the steps of generating a two-dimensional representation of at least three active optical surfaces of an optical device including calculating a segment of a first surface based on edge ray sets as a first generalized Cartesian oval, calculating a segment of an entry surface based on the edge ray set as a second generalized Cartesian oval, calculating a segment of a second surface based on the edge ray set as a third generalized Cartesian oval, and successively repeating the steps of calculating the segment of the first surface and calculating the segment of the second surface in a direction towards a source, and rotationally sweeping the two-dimensional representation about a central axis providing a three-dimensional representation of the optical device.

Abstract: Two reflection surfaces that are a first reflection surface (2) and a second reflection surface (3), each in a non-axisymmetric form, are disposed in the stated order in a direction in which light fluxes travel, and bring light fluxes from an object into focus on an image surface (4). The first reflection surface (2) and the second reflection surface (3) are provided eccentrically, and each of the first reflection surface (2) and the second refection surface (3) is concave in a cross-sectional shape taken along a plane containing a center of the image surface (4) and vertices of the reflection surfaces (2, 3). This ensures that light fluxes are guided to the image surface without being blocked, whereby an excellent image can be formed. Thus, a reflective optical device with a wider angle and improved performance can be provided.

Abstract: An optical device uses in a plane image input device. The optical device comprises a body including an incident end and an emergent end. After a light beam enters the body via the incident end, undergoes a total reflection, and emerges from the emergent end. Thus, the size of the plane image input device can be minimized and the optical energy attenuation can be reduced during the transmission process.

Abstract: A reflection type projection optical system for projecting a pattern on an object surface onto an image surface and forming an imaging system that forms an intermediate image between the object surface and image surface includes four or more mirrors arranged substantially as a coaxial system to reflect light from an object side to an image side, reflection surfaces on the four or more mirrors forming the same direction for forming a reflection angle.

Abstract: Techniques for generating partially coherent radiation and particularly for converting effectively coherent radiation from a synchrotron to partially coherent EUV radiation suitable for projection lithography.

Abstract: An image projection system capable of projecting images to multiple screens or viewing surfaces. The system uses a moveable mirror to direct the projected images to the screens. The moveable mirror may work in concert with one or more fixed mirrors to reflect the projected images to screens in a variety of configurations relative to the projector.

Abstract: A reflecting optical element is disclosed which includes the following articles. The reflecting optical element is constituted by: a base member having a continuous curved-surface portion, and a resin layer integrally formed of resin on the curved surface of the base member, and having a plurality of mutually discontinuous curved surfaces to be reflecting surfaces. The base member is made of a material smaller in coefficient of linear expansion than the resin for forming the resin layer. Thus, a reflecting optical element is provided which is low in optical-performance deterioration caused by the temperature effect, and small in the number of restraints in fabrication.

Abstract: A bright wide-angle catoptric system is provided which will not deteriorate the picture quality of images. The wide-angle catoptric system includes, successively from an object, a secondary reflecting mirror having a concave surface, a primary reflecting mirror having a convex surface and a tertiary reflecting mirror having a concave surface, and produces images by reflecting the luminous flux from the object at the primary reflecting mirror, the secondary reflecting mirror and the tertiary reflecting mirror successively. The system also includes a diaphragm arranged in close proximity to the primary reflecting mirror so as to have an optical axis pass through the center of the diaphragm; the optical axis is a straight line connecting the curvature center of the primary reflecting mirror to the curvature center of the secondary reflecting mirror. The tertiary reflecting mirror has its curvature center decentered from the optical axis in the direction of lesser astigmatism.

Abstract: An optical device for routing a plurality of optical signals between a first port and a second port is disclosed. The optical device includes a mirror array having a plurality of reflective elements. Each optical input signal is directed by a reflective element in a direction designated by a control signal. The optical device further includes a curved mirror for receiving each directed optical signal from the respective reflective element, and for reflecting each directed optical signal to the first or second port.

Abstract: An image pickup unit for changing an orientation of an image pickup field by constructing a common portion as a unit. The image pickup unit preferably has an image pickup medium, an optical system through which an image of an object is formed, a reflecting member which is disposed at the position nearer the side of the object than that of the optical system, a reflecting member driver for driving the reflecting member, an interface for enabling communication with an apparatus main body which (i) has therein the image pickup unit and (ii) generates a signal to control an operation of the image pickup unit, and a microcomputer which (i) transmits information on the side of the image pickup unit to the apparatus main body and (ii) controls the reflecting member driver on the basis of the signal received from the apparatus main body. Preferably, the reflecting member driver drives the reflecting member, thereby changing the orientation of the image pickup field of the image pickup medium.

Abstract: A collector for concentrating light rays including a first conical segment having an inner reflective surface joined to or nested within a second conical segment having an inner reflective surface. A first embodiment consists of stacked reflective segments, where the upper conical segment is slightly diverging and the lower conical segment is converging in the direction of an input light ray. A second embodiment comprises an outer conical segment that converges in the direction of an input light ray and a nested inner conical segment that also converges in the direction of a light ray. In either embodiment, the present invention is capable of concentrating more energy when not aimed directly at an energy source than single cone collectors and thus simplifies the source tracking strategy.

Abstract: A precision optical devices having pin mounted reflector(s) are provided. The precision optical device, comprising first and second side panels, the first side panel having a hole formed therein, a first reflector comprising a first reflecting surface and a mounting pin extending from a first edge of the first reflector, the mounting pin received within the hole formed in the first side panel for mounting the first reflector between the panels at a first end of the panels, and a second reflector comprising at least a second reflecting surface, mounted between the side panels at a second end thereof in an orientation so that an incident light ray reflecting off of any of the reflecting surfaces is reflected to and off the other(s) of the reflecting surfaces in a direction substantially parallel to the incident light ray.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical fingerprint acquisition apparatus capable of reducing an image distortion and a size of an optical system by deforming the shape of a prism. The prism according to the invention includes a fingerprint contacting surface to be touched by a fingerprint of a person, a totally reflecting surface facing the fingerprint contacting surface with an angle &thgr; for totally and inwardly reflecting the light scattered from the fingerprint in contact with the fingerprint contacting surface, a primarily projecting/re-incident surface linking the fingerprint contacting surface to the totally reflecting surface with an angle &phgr; for primarily projecting the light totally reflected from the totally reflecting surface so as to be re-incident from outside, and an ultimately projecting surface facing the primarily projecting/re-incident surface for ultimately projecting the light re-incident to the primarily projecting/re-incident surface toward outside.

Abstract: An image display optical system is disclosed which achieves a small size and display at a wide angle of view as well as maintains a required level of optical performance and allows suppression of occurrence of various aberrations at the same time. The optical system comprises a first optical element and a second optical element in order from the side of an exit pupil of the optical system to the side of a display device. A combined negative optical power is provided by an emergent surface of the second optical element and an incident surface of the first optical element, and the optical system forms an intermediate image with the displaying luminous flux in the first optical element.