Abstract: A surge protection system includes a receptacle body, at least one power output jack, a power obtaining device, at least one surge protection module, a microcontroller unit, and a surge detection circuit. The at least one surge protection module includes a housing, a memory element, and a surge protection circuit that includes a surge absorption element and a thermal fuse connected in series and parallel. The surge absorption element absorbs a surge inputted from an external power supply, and the memory element records a number of surges carried by the surge absorption element. When the surge enters the surge protection system from the external power supply, the surge absorption element absorbs the surge, and the surge detection circuit outputs a signal to the microcontroller unit that writes the number of surges carried by the surge absorption element into the memory element.

Abstract: An anti-surge resistor and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The current anti-surge resistor includes a substrate made by a varistor material, a resistance layer disposed on the substrate, a first terminal electrode, and a second terminal electrode. In the fabrication method of the current anti-surge resistor, at first, the substrate made by the varistor material is provided. Then, the resistance layer is formed on the substrate to provide a main body, in which the main body includes the substrate and the resistance layer, and has two opposite terminals. Thereafter, the first terminal electrode is formed on one terminal of the main body, and the second terminal electrode is formed on the other terminal of the main body.

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes a solenoid coil, a poppet, and a drive circuit. A first semiconductor device of the drive circuit is controlled by a gate signal to control a coil current. A flyback circuit of the drive circuit includes a second semiconductor device in series with a diode. The second semiconductor device is controlled by a flyback control signal to: (i) enable the flyback circuit to maintain the coil current through the solenoid coil when the poppet transitions to a second position, and (ii) disable recirculation of the coil current through the solenoid coil when the poppet transitions to a first position. A controller is configured to transition the poppet to the second position using the gate signal, enable the flyback circuit using the flyback control signal, and reduce at least one of a duty cycle and a frequency of the gate signal when the flyback circuit is enabled.

Abstract: Input impedance networks and associated methods are disclosed. An input impedance network comprises a source-terminal-pair configured to couple to a power source, a recovered-power-terminal-pair configured to couple to a power sink, a transmission line coupled to the source-terminal-pair that comprises M sections, and N clamping circuits. Each of the N clamping circuits is configured to clamp at least one of voltage or current in one of the M sections, and a power recovery circuit is coupled to the N clamping circuits to enable recovered energy to be applied to the recovered-power-terminal-pair.

Abstract: An ESD protection circuit includes a power MOS transistor disposed between a first line and a second line, a clamp circuit disposed between the first line and a first node to which a gate of the power MOS transistor is coupled, a first resistor disposed between the first node and the second line, a MOS transistor disposed between the first node and the second line, a third line supplied with a third potential generated by a constant-voltage circuit of the protection target circuit, and a second resistor and a first capacitor coupled in series between a second node coupled to the third line and the second line, wherein when defining a junction between the second resistor and the first capacitor as a third node, a gate of the MOS transistor is coupled to the third node.

Abstract: In one aspect, the application provides an electrical system including a conductor, a ground, an arrester electrically connected to the conductor, and a disconnector assembly electrically connected between the arrester and the ground. The disconnector assembly includes an isolator configured to perform an operating function in response to the occurrence of an event and a housing configured to surround the isolator. The isolator includes a first terminal electrically connected to the arrester by a first wire and a second terminal electrically connected to the ground by a second wire. The housing includes a first opening through which the first terminal extends, a second opening through which the second terminal extends, and a retention mechanism configured to hold the isolator in place relative to the arrester.

Abstract: The present invention performs a reference point detecting step (S20) to select a reference point by performing pattern analysis based on a characteristic pattern shown in a total leakage current (IT) when an applied voltage is 0V, a resistive leakage current calculating step (S30) to calculate a resistive leakage current by Fourier series-expanding the total leakage current (IT) starting at the reference point, and reference point verifying/correcting steps (S40 and S41) to correct the reference point until a characteristic pattern of the resistive leakage current (IR) according to non-linear resistance characteristics of the surge arrester (1) is shown so that the resistive leakage current (IR) is recalculated, and the present invention determines that the resistive leakage current (IR) calculated based on the completely corrected reference point is the resistive leakage current of the surge arrester (1).

Abstract: An over-voltage protection system is provided for use with electrical equipment. The system includes a protection circuit having a first bus for receiving electrical power, a second bus for providing power to the equipment and two parallel surge arresters connected between the first bus and ground. A main and backup bushing are arranged in parallel between the first and second bus. The main bushing is arranged in series with a normally closed contact maintaining the main bushing in service by default. The backup bushing is arranged in series with a normally open contact isolating the backup bushing by default. The protection circuit comprises a controller for testing the insulation of the arresters and bushings. The controller is configured to selectively actuate the contacts to selectively isolate, or incorporate, the arresters and bushings in the circuit to facilitate testing and maintenance while maintaining the protection circuit operational.

Abstract: A power semiconductor circuit is provided for clamping the voltage across the circuit when a power semiconductor switch is opened (i.e., turned off). The circuit may include a first surge arrester and a first semiconductor switch coupled in parallel with the power semiconductor switch. The first semiconductor switch is coupled in series with the first surge arrester. A second surge arrester may be coupled to the gate of the first semiconductor switch to control current flow through the first semiconductor switch and the first surge arrester.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is provided. The electronic apparatus includes: a main circuit; and a power supply circuit configured to receive external power from an external power supply and supply operating power to the main circuit. The power supply circuit includes: a converter; and a lightning protection circuit that includes: a varistor configured to have a first rated voltage corresponding to a breakdown voltage of a device of the converter; and a surge arrester connected in series to the varistor and configured to have a second rated voltage, and based on the external power being higher than the first rated voltage of the varistor, the varistor is clamped so that a voltage applied to the converter does not exceed the first rated voltage, and based on a voltage applied to the surge arrester being equal to or higher than the second rated voltage, the surge arrester is short-circuited.

Abstract: A system and method for maintaining a temperature of a power system using a cooling system that includes an impeller and a phase change material. During normal operation of the cooling system, heat that is generated by the operation of an electronic device(s) of the power system can be transferred primarily by conduction through an upper base plate and fins of a heat sink, and dissipated via forced convection that is generated by the impeller. Additionally, the phase change material is positioned outside of a main heat flux path of the heat sink such that, during normal operation of the cooling system, the phase change material does not provide a heat flux obstruction. In the event of an impeller failure, the phase change material provides at least a temporary cooling source for an extended period of time via the relatively large latent heat capacity of the phase change material.

Abstract: The communication module according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a printed circuit board; an antenna unit and electronic components arranged on the printed circuit board; and a sheet layer arranged on the antenna unit and the electronic components, wherein the sheet layer comprises 15-35% of a polymer resin and 65-85 wt % of flat boron nitride, the flat boron nitride has an average particle size (D50) of 40 to 50 ?m, a D10 of 10 to 25 ?m, and a D90 of 75 to 85 ?m, and the ?50 of the flat boron nitride is arranged to form an angle of 40° or less with horizontal components of the sheet layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for combined protection of a load from temporary and transient overvoltages with emergency operation of the load in the presence of a temporary overvoltage and with integrated follow current limitation, wherein a first surge arrester, in particular a spark gap or a varistor, is provided between network-side input terminals and a second surge arrester, in particular a varistor, is provided between load-side output terminals for follow current limitation. According to the invention, at least one controlled semiconductor switch is provided in each case in the series branch between the input terminal and the output terminal and in the output-side parallel branch, wherein a mechanical switch and a series capacitance are connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch in the series branch.

Abstract: A separating device for interrupting a direct current of a current path, in particular for an on-board electrical system of a motor vehicle. The separating device has a hybrid switch with a current-conducting mechanical contact system and a first semiconductor switch connected to the hybrid switch in parallel and having a switchable resistance cascade with at least one ohmic resistor which is connected to the contact system of the hybrid switch in parallel.

Abstract: Interface circuits for differential signal channels. The interface circuit includes, for example, a transformer, a common mode choke, and a bidirectional transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode. The transformer is coupled to two circuit side terminals of a differential signal channel. The common mode choke is coupled to the transformer. The common mode choke is also coupled to the two line side terminals of the differential signal channel via a first signal path and a second signal path. The bidirectional TVS diode includes a first output connection coupled to the first signal path. The bidirectional TVS diode also includes a second output connection coupled to the second signal path.

Abstract: A surge arrester includes a polymer body or housing and a varistor assembly in the body or housing. The varistor assembly includes a plurality of varistor elements and a fuse electrically connected in series and forming a vertical stack of the plurality of varistor elements and the fuse. The stack has a first end surface, a second end surface, and a side surface extending between the first end surface and the second end surface. The varistor assembly includes a first end fitting at the first end surface of the stack and a second end fitting at the second end surface of the stack.

Abstract: A disconnect/test terminal block may include a body including a front side and a back side including a protruding part. The block may include at least one circuit element disposed in the body. The block may include at least one case wire terminal disposed on the front side of the body and coupled to the at least one internal circuit. The block may include at least one field cable terminal disposed on the protruding part and coupled to the at least one internal circuit.

Abstract: A surge protective device (SPD) includes a first electrical terminal, a second electrical terminal, and an overvoltage protection circuit connected between the first and second electrical terminals. The overvoltage protection circuit includes a gas discharge tube and a current management circuit connected in series to the gas discharge tube. The current management circuit includes a varistor and a resistor that are connected in parallel between a first node of the current management circuit and a second node of the current management circuit.

Abstract: A snubber module is provided, which constitutes a snubber apparatus attachable to a terminal of a semiconductor module.

Abstract: A protection arrangement for a multiphase uninterruptible power supply system including a vacuum circuit breaker connected in series with an inductive element, where the inductive element includes, for every phase, two series-connected magnetically coupled windings separated by a tap point. The protection arrangement includes one first group of protective components per phase, each first group including a first protective component having a first end connected to a link between the vacuum circuit breaker and the inductive element and a second end connected to a corresponding tap point, where at least one protective component in each first group is a surge arrester.

Abstract: Bus mounted surge protection devices are provided that are configured to be positioned in a panelboard alongside one or more similarly sized circuit breaker devices. The bus mounted surge protection device is configured to be received by a same provisional bus as the one or more circuit breaker devices and the bus mounted surge protection device is configured to protect all of the one or more circuit breaker devices in the panelboard.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-rotationally symmetrical spark gap, in particular a horn spark gap with a deion chamber, a multi-part insulating material housing (1) as a support and receiving body for the horn electrodes and the deion chamber, means for conducting the gas flow related to the arc, wherein the insulating material housing (1) is divided on the plane defined by the horn electrodes and has two half shells, and plug or screw connections (4, 5) which lead out on the end face. According to the invention, with the exception of the sections of the plug or screw connections (4, 5) leading out, the insulating material housing is surrounded on all sides by a cooling surface (14) which is near the housing and lies against the housing surface, and the cooling surface (14) is at least partly supported on webs (8) which are designed to conduct the gas flow on the outer surface of the half shells.

Abstract: A DC circuit breaker includes a fuse unit to interrupt a large current with a fuse, and the fuse unit includes a high-speed disconnector that is connected in parallel to the fuse and is opened when a fault current is detected.

Abstract: A system for interconnecting at least two die each die having a plurality of conducting layers and dielectric layers disposed upon a substrate which may include active and passive elements. In one embodiment there is at least one interconnect coupling at least one conducting layer on a side of one die to at least one conducting layer on a side of the other die. Another interconnect embodiment is a slug having conducting and dielectric layers disposed between two or more die to interconnect between the die. Other interconnect techniques include direct coupling such as rod, ball, dual balls, bar, cylinder, bump, slug, and carbon nanotube, as well as indirect coupling such as inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, and wireless communications. The die may have features to facilitate placement of the interconnects such as dogleg cuts, grooves, notches, enlarged contact pads, tapered side edges and stepped vias.

Abstract: A switch control circuit and a battery pack including the same are disclosed. The switch control circuit can include a first controller outputting a first control signal for controlling a driver, and a second controller configured to detect a fault of the first controller and to output a second control signal in response to detecting the fault of the first controller. The switch control circuit can further include first to third buffers each outputting an output signal corresponding to the first control signal or changing an output terminal of each buffer to an open state in response to the second control signal. The switch control circuit can further include a holding circuit holding a previous state of an input signal of the third buffer and a switch circuit transferring the output signal of the second buffer or the third buffer to the driver in response to the second control signal.

Abstract: Provided herein are protection devices having a tubular ceramic part and a tubular metal oxide varistor (MOV) electrically coupled in series or parallel. In some embodiments, the tubular ceramic part is connected between a first electrode and a second electrode, and the tubular MOV is connected between the second electrode and a third electrode. In some embodiments, the tubular ceramic part and the tubular MOV have a same or similar shape and/or outer circumference. The protection device further includes an enclosure surrounding the tubular ceramic part and the tubular MOV, wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode each have leads extending outside the enclosure. In some embodiments, the tubular MOV includes a central cavity aligned with a central cavity of the tubular ceramic part, wherein the central cavity of the tubular MOV MOV and the central cavity of the tubular ceramic part contain an inert gas.

Abstract: A terminal block for use with a railroad terminal board may include a terminal block body comprising first and second sides, a plurality of first connection posts extending from the first side of the body, and a second connection post extending from the second side of the body. The second connection post may be connected to one of the plurality of first connection posts. The second connection post may be configured to mount the terminal block to the railroad terminal board. The terminal block body may include a single hole extending through the first and second sides and configured to accept a mounting screw for mounting the terminal block to the railroad terminal board.

Abstract: A DC circuit breaker includes: a first current section of a first electrical polarity from a first supply terminal of the DC circuit breaker to a first load terminal of the DC circuit breaker; a second current section of a second electrical polarity from a second supply terminal of the DC circuit breaker to a second load terminal of the DC circuit breaker; a mechanical bypass switch arranged in the first current section or the second current section, the mechanical bypass switch having at least one bypass switch excitation coil; a first semiconductor circuit arrangement connected in parallel with the mechanical bypass switch; an electronic control unit of the DC circuit breaker for actuating the first semiconductor circuit arrangement; a second semiconductor circuit arrangement to be actuated by the electronic control unit, which second semiconductor circuit arrangement is connected to the bypass switch excitation coil by circuitry.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor satisfies a relationship A>B, where B represents a coverage rate of a first organic layer disposed on a first base electrode layer located on a first end surface, A represents a coverage rate of the first organic layer disposed on the first base electrode layer located on a first main surface or a second main surface, and A represents a coverage rate of the first organic layer located on the first main surface or the second main surface. A second end surface also has a similar configuration.

Abstract: An integrated component for protecting against temporary power surges comprises a first conductive lead and a second conductive lead, each of which mounted on an electrical circuit; a gas discharge tube; a thermally protected varistor and a thermal fuse. The thermally protected varistor comprises a varistor body, a first varistor electrode and a second varistor electrode that are positioned on either side of the varistor body. The varistor body rises in temperature when the voltage imposed between the first and the second varistor electrodes exceeds a voltage threshold. An electrical connection is made via the thermal fuse.

Abstract: A protective circuit (10) comprises a terminal (11), a reference potential terminal (12) and a protective structure (13) that is arranged between the terminal (11) and the reference potential terminal (12), and is designed to be conductive in the event of an electrostatic discharge. The protective circuit (10) furthermore comprises a voltage supply circuit (14) that is coupled to a control input (16) of the protective structure (13) with its output side and is designed for delivering, in the event of radiofrequency interference, a control signal (ST) to the control input (16) with such a high voltage value that conduction of the protective structure (13) is prevented.

Abstract: A Leakage Current Detection and Interruption (LCDI) device, for use as a safety device for a load cable. The LCDI circuit card assembly incorporates a load input cavity having fire retardant materials surrounding the load input terminals, a separated containment cavity structure for a first Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV), and a contact actuator which encases the switch or contact arm at the source input section of the LCDI. The circuit design incorporates redundant safety features for containment of spurious ignitions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure can include systems and methods for limiting transient over-voltages occurring across a circuit breaker. These embodiments include providing a middle tank portion. They further include providing a first portion coupled to a first side of the middle tank portion, and a second portion coupled to a second side of the middle tank portion. They further include providing a first high voltage terminal coupled to the first portion, and a second high voltage terminal coupled to the second portion. They further include providing a post insulator supported and extending from the middle tank portion. They further include providing a first surge arrester connecting the first high voltage terminal to a first connector extending from the post insulator, and a second surge arrester connecting the second high voltage terminal to a second connector extending from the post insulator.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a transient overvoltage protection circuit, an array substrate, and a display apparatus, wherein the transient overvoltage protection circuit comprises a transient suppression circuit configured to discharge a transient high voltage in a signal to be processed to obtain a first processed signal; and an isolation circuit having an input terminal electrically coupled to the transient suppression circuit, the isolation circuit being configured to isolate a residual voltage in the first processed signal to obtain a second processed signal.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device including: a semiconductor element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a gate electrode; a surge voltage measuring unit electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode to measure a surge voltage; at least one measuring unit selected from a first measuring unit measuring electromagnetic noise caused by an operation of the semiconductor element, a second measuring unit measuring a voltage of a wiring electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode, and a third measuring unit measuring a current of the wiring electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode; a variable resistor electrically connected to the gate electrode; and a controller controlling the variable resistor based on measurement results of the surge voltage measuring unit and the at least one measuring unit and change a resistance value of the variable resistor.

Abstract: A double alternating frequency algorithm (DAFA) uses a high frequency carrier wave (>1 GHz) that lies above environmental noise and is capable of carrying large amounts of data, stacks a plurality of N frequency channels on the carrier wave (e.g., one channel for each transformer serviced by a substation) and changes the frequency of the carrier wave at each transformer to repeat the data for downstream and upstream propagation for providing broadband Internet over power lines. This approach will fulfill the promise of broadband Internet to the vast rural areas of the United States that do not have access to broadband Internet. Furthermore, this approach will provide another revenue source for utility companies to leverage the existing power distribution system.

Abstract: The present example provides aircraft integrated aircraft utility management and power distribution systems. Included are three exemplary implementations of aircraft power management systems (a DC power distribution system, a utility management system, and a combined system) that may utilize the like architecture, technologies, and components advantageously. A DC power distribution system can include two parts: primary DC power distribution and secondary DC power distribution systems. The utility management system integrates aircraft sub functions and utilities into one fault tolerant system. The systems described makes use of secondary power distribution units of a modularized design, including standard I/O modules, power modules, and aircraft computing modules.

Abstract: The connection apparatus of the invention comprises a platform (200), a plug connector (15) having a plug connector part (19) secured to the platform (200) and electrically connected to the circuit of the field device and a plug connector part (20) connectable with the connection cable and complementary to the first plug connector part (19), as well as a lid (16) held movably relative to the platform (200) for at least partially covering the plug connector (15) formed by connecting the plug connector parts (19, 20).

Abstract: There is disclosed a lamellar particle including an unconverted portion of the lamellar particle, wherein the unconverted portion includes a first metal, a converted portion of the lamellar particle disposed radially outward of at least one of a surface of the unconverted portion, wherein the converted portion includes a chemical compound of the first metal.

Abstract: A feedthrough for a cochlear implant or other medical device can include contacts disposed on an outer perimeter thereof. By disposing the contacts on the perimeter, the number of contacts on the feedthrough can be increased, the size of the feedthrough reduced, or both.

Abstract: Radio frequency amplifiers with overload protection are provided herein. In certain configurations, an RF amplifier system includes an RF amplifier that receives an RF signal from an input terminal and that generates an amplified RF signal at an output terminal, and an overload detection circuit that generates a detection signal indicating a detected signal level of the RF amplifier. The RF amplifier includes an amplification device that amplifies the RF signal and a degeneration circuit that provides degeneration to the amplification device. Additionally, the detection signal is operable to control an amount of degeneration provided by the degeneration circuit so as to protect the RF amplifier from overload.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit includes an input terminal, a transistor, and an output terminal. The input terminal is configured to receive an input signal. The transistor includes a first source/drain region, a second source/drain region, and a drift region that has a resistance in series between the first and second source/drain regions and that is configured to attenuate an ESD voltage in the input signal. The output terminal is connected to the second source/drain region.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit which operates with a low voltage and is capable of preventing destruction of a protection circuit and a control method thereof. The semiconductor integrated circuit includes a resistance element and a capacitance element connected between a power supply line and a ground line in series, an inverter of which an input is connected between the resistance element and the capacitance element, a MOS transistor of which a gate electrode is connected to an output of the inverter and a drain electrode and a source electrode are respectively connected to the power supply line and the ground line, and a current limit element inserted between a well region where the MOS transistor is formed and the gate electrode. The present technology is applied to, for example, the protection circuit for preventing destruction of an internal circuit by ESD and the like.

Abstract: An electric meter center comprises a frame, a floor panel assembly defining a floor and being mounted at or near a bottom of the frame, and cables routed through the floor. The floor panel assembly comprises a bottom panel defining an opening and a removable panel adapted for releasable mounting to the bottom panel to at least partially close the opening and wherein at least part of the cables are routed through the opening.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a multilayer body including dielectric layers and inner electrodes alternately laminated together, first to third outer electrodes arranged in this order in one direction on a first main surface of the multilayer body, and fourth to sixth outer electrodes provided on a second main surface opposite to the first main surface such that at least a portion of the fourth outer electrode, at least a portion of the fifth outer electrode, and at least a portion of the sixth outer electrode respectively face the first outer electrode, the second outer electrode, and the third outer electrode. The first, third, and fifth outer electrodes are electrically connected to one another. The second, fourth, and sixth outer electrodes are electrically connected to one another and each have a polarity different from that of the first outer electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a substrate and a semiconductor component disposed over the substrate. A discrete electrical device can be disposed over the substrate. An encapsulant is deposited over the substrate and semiconductor component. A ferromagnetic material is disposed over the encapsulant. The ferromagnetic material includes one or more ferrite type materials or other material having a crystalline structure exhibiting ferromagnetic properties. The ferromagnetic material includes a ferromagnetic film with a polyethylene terephthalate layer, ferrite layer, and adhesive layer. The ferromagnetic film is provided from the sheet of ferromagnetic films. A shielding layer is formed over the ferromagnetic material and around the semiconductor component.

Abstract: A surge protection device contains a first electrode, a second electrode electrically connected to electrical ground, and a field-induced switching component electrically contacting the first electrode and the second electrode. The field-induced switching component can include a correlated-electron material or a volatile conductive bridge.

Abstract: A surge protection device for an LED lighting system provides a failure detection circuit which shuts off an indicator lamp when upon failure of surge protection components. Surge suppression circuits are coupled between respective first and second, and second and third lines for receiving an AC mains input. The surge suppression circuits include a thermal cutoff device and a clamping device, with a fault detection circuit coupled between each respective series circuit. The fault detection circuit activates an indicator lamp when the surge protection device is in a normal operation mode. The fault detection circuit shuts off the indicator lamp when the surge protection device is in a short circuit fault mode, corresponding to failure of at least one component from a surge suppression circuit. Detection of an unlit indicator lamp may serve as a warning to an operator that the associated surge protection device should be replaced.

Abstract: A portable fluid monitoring controller tester system for fluid monitoring equipment includes a control panel, electrical interfaces, and associated circuitry for simulating the fluid overfill sensors and other features of a trailer. The tester is a self-contained device that meets or exceeds various safety standards applicable to operating in an explosive environment. The tester may be powered, at least partially, by the fluid monitoring controller to which it is connected or from another power source, such as a battery. The tester has intrinsically safe outputs, and is configured to simulate different types of sensor systems found in fuel tanker trailers, including 2-Wire Optical, 5-Wire Optical, and Thermistor sensors. The tester is further configured to simulate ground circuits and the truck identification module (T.I.M.) of the fuel tanker trailer. The tester includes an enclosure that is impact and temperature resilient, and provides protection against windblown dust, rain and splashing water.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first domain including a first high power source line, a first low power source line, and a first power clamp circuit; a second domain including a second high power source line, a second low power source line, and a second power clamp circuit; a third power clamp circuit provided between the second high power source line and the first low power source line; a first relay circuit that receives a signal from the first domain and outputs the signal to the second domain; and a second relay circuit that receives a signal from the second domain and outputs the signal to the first domain, wherein the first relay circuit and the second relay circuit have a circuit portion that is connected to the second high power source line and the first low power source line.