Abstract: A method and apparatus for multi-phase transformers are described. In one embodiment, a coupled inductor topology for the multi-phase transformers comprising N primary inductors. In one embodiment, each primary inductor is coupled to one of N input nodes and a common output node. The transformer further includes N?1 secondary inductors coupled in series between one input node and the common output node. In one embodiment, the N?1 secondary inductors are arranged to couple energy from N?1 of the primary inductors to provide a common node voltage as an average of N input node voltages, wherein N is an integer greater than two. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a capacitor for a magnetron. The capacitor has dielectric members, which have a converging angle of less than 180° defined between lines extending from both sides of each dielectric member formed between corresponding ends of inner and outer electrodes of the dielectric member. The capacitor is reduced in size while having enhanced capacitance, thereby reducing a manufacturing time. The capacitor also has central conductors having enlarged portions larger than the inner electrode, thereby further enhancing the capacitance.

Abstract: In a mounting structure of an integrated circuit, an electrolytic capacitor for smoothing power of a heating element is disposed out of range of thermal effect of the heating element, and a ceramic capacitor for supplementing the operation of the electrolytic capacitor is additionally disposed between the electrolytic capacitor and the heating element. Accordingly, a long lifespan of the electrolytic capacitor and a stable operation of the heating element can be guaranteed.

Abstract: A combination run capacitor/positive temperature coefficient resistor/overload (CAP/PTCR/OL) module is described. The cover of the combination housing includes a capacitor compartment and terminal openings for receiving blade terminals of a run capacitor. The terminal openings in the cover align with blade receiving receptacles coupled to the PTCR start circuit. The blade terminals of a run capacitor are inserted into the receptacle openings and into electrical engagement with the blade receiving receptacles. The capacitor is supported and protected by a potting mixture filling the capacitor compartment.

Abstract: A device for an electrical power system having a nonlinear load. The circuit is connected in series with the nonlinear load and is tuned to the third harmonic of the power source frequency. The circuit substantially eliminates the harmonic currents and neutral currents located in the power system, and improves the power factor of the nonlinear load by optimizing the current drawn by the nonlinear load.

Abstract: An ultracapacitor energy storage cell pack includes an ultracapacitor assembly including a plurality of parallel ultracapacitors and balancing resistors in series; an enclosure for the ultracapacitor assembly; a controller; one or more temperature sensors; a pack voltage sensor; a GFI sensor; one or more cooling fans carried by the enclosure; an on/off relay coupled to the ultracapacitor assembly and the controller, the on/off relay activated by the controller during normal operation of the ultracapacitor assembly and deactivated by the controller when the GFI sensor detects a ground fault interrupt condition, the one or more temperature sensors detect an over-temperature condition, or the pack voltage sensor detects an over-voltage condition; and a pre-charge resistor and a pre-charge relay coupled to the ultracapacitor assembly and the controller, and activated by the controller to cause the pre-charge resistor to limit pack charge current until the ultracapacitor assembly reaches a minimum voltage.

Abstract: An energy recovery circuit wherein an energy stored in an inductor is applied to a panel to reduce a charge time and improve an energy recovery efficiency. In the energy recovery circuit, a switch, a capacitor and an inductor is provided to form a closed loop. A panel capacitor is equivalently provided at the panel. When the switch is turned on, a current component of an energy is charged in the inductor by an energy charged in the capacitor. When the switch is turned off, an inverse voltage is inducted into the inductor and a closed loop is formed by the inductor and the panel capacitor, thereby applying only an inverse voltage of the inductor to the panel capacitor.

Abstract: A bypass capacitor having a given capacitance is arranged on the power/ground line adjacently to a driver circuit in a chip to reduce an effect of transient phenomenon at switching. The capacitance of the bypass capacitor is preset so as to be larger than a parasitic capacitance of the driver circuit to prevent the characteristic impedance of the power/ground line from being higher than the characteristic impedance of internal wiring.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a silicon substrate (base material), an underlying insulating film formed on the silicon substrate, a capacitor constructed by forming a bottom electrode, a capacitor dielectric film, and a top electrode sequentially on the underlying insulating film, and a voltage supply circuit for supplying a voltage with a bipolar waveform to at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode, wherein an amplitude of the voltage is set to 5×105 d (V) or less (d: an interval (cm) between the top electrode and the bottom electrode). Accordingly, an electronic device and a method of applying a voltage to a capacitor, capable of prolonging a lifetime of a capacitor by preventing degradation of a capacitor dielectric film are provided.

Abstract: In an electrode for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, the peak value of particle size distribution of graphite particles added to a conductive adhesive is in a range of 2.6 to 3.2 ?m, not less than 100,000 dimples having a largest outer diameter in a range of 4 to 10 ?m and a depth in a range of 4 to 15 ?m are formed on the surface of the collector sheet per 1 cm2, and the occupied area of the dimples to the entire surface area of the collector sheet is not more than 50%. By determining the saponification value of polyvinylalcohol which is used as a binder component of the conductive adhesive in a range of 90.0 to 98.5, adhesiveness of the collector sheet and the electrode forming sheet is improved. Furthermore, by substituting H atoms contained in the polyvinylalcohol with Si atoms, adhesiveness of the collector sheet and the electrode forming sheet can be further improved.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling heating of a liquid or liquid stream including electrical equipment operated in conjunction with such heating; a device or devices for monitoring the voltage level of electrical power supplied to such equipment; and a control or controls for controlling such electrical power supplied to that equipment, to decrease power delivery in response to a predetermined decrease in voltage level of power supply to the equipment.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a plurality of capacitors coupled in parallel, a plurality of capacitor switches, each one of the capacitor switches coupled in series with a respective one of the plurality of capacitors, one or more biasing circuits to independently set each of the plurality of capacitor switches to one of a reset voltage, a first threshold voltage, and a second threshold voltage, and a plurality of control switches, each of the control switches to couple and to decouple a respective one of the plurality of capacitor switches to and from a control voltage.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system is disclosed. The system includes a battery, a super-capacitor (SC) coupled in parallel to the battery, a computer system coupled to the battery and the SC, and a current limiter coupled to the battery the SC and the computer system. The current limiter prevents excess current from flowing from the battery to the SC.

Abstract: A suppression device for an electronic appliance having a plug-in device which has at least one plug-in element and is designed for attachment to a housing of the electronic appliance, with a capacitor having at least two capacitor plates being provided in order to improve the electromagnetic sensitivity. In a simple and low-cost suppression measure for electronic appliances, which is also suitable for mass production, the capacitor is arranged outside the housing of the electronic appliance and is electrically connected firstly to a plug-in element of the plug-in device and secondly to the potential of the electrically conductive housing.

Abstract: A capacitor including an expandable part fabricated on a capacitor housing is enclosed. The expandable part is expandable by a fault that occurs within the capacitor housing, thereby extending the capacitor housing to contact with an external interrupter. The external interrupter includes an external electrode and an external sensing circuit. The external sensing circuit detects a contact between the capacitor housing and the external electrode and sends a signal to disconnect the capacitor from an apparatus circuit.

Abstract: To provide a low-ESR electrolytic capacitor having the advantages of high voltage-proofness and good stability in leak current.

Abstract: A dielectric body 12 has internal conductor layers 14 arranged in it. At the far sides of the internal conductor layers 14 separated by ceramic layers 12A, internal conductor layers 16 are arranged. A length W of a side of the dielectric body 12 running along a stacking direction Y of the ceramic layers is made longer than the lengths L and T of any other two sides running along directions (X- and Y-directions) intersecting the side running along the stacking direction (Y-direction). The internal conductor layers 14 and 16 are formed with cut parts 18a and 18b, the internal conductor layers 14 are divided into channel parts 20A and 20B across the cut part 18a, and the internal conductor layers 16 are divided into channel parts 22A and 22B across the cut part 18b. These channel parts are connected through uncut ends 19, whereby the current flows in reverse directions.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic includes a principal component which contains Ba, Ca and Ti and which has a perovskite structure represented by the general formula ABO3; additive components containing, for example, La and Mn; and a sintering aid, wherein crystal grains of the dielectric ceramic contain Ca, and the intergranular variation in the average Ca concentration within each grain is about 5% or more, in terms of CV value, or the ratio of the number of crystal grains in which the intragranular variation in the Ca concentration is about 5% or more, in terms of CV value, to the total number of crystal grains containing Ca is about 10% or more. A monolithic ceramic capacitor fabricated using the dielectric ceramic is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode sheet of an electric double layer capacitor is produced by using granules for formation of an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor which are obtained by kneading and then crushing materials including an activated material, a conductive filler, and a binder at 50 to 97 mass-%, 1 to 30 mass-%, and 2 to 20 mass-%, respectively, and which are essentially granules whose diameter is in a range of 47 to 840 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A variable capacitor of the invention includes a beam having flexibility and an electrode provided close to the beam in order to form a capacitor with the beam. By applying a voltage to between the beam and the electrode to thereby deflect the beam by an electrostatic force, a capacitance between the both is changed. The deflected beam and the electrode are placed into contact through an insulation layer formed on a surface of at least one thereof, to change a contact area thereof, thereby changing the capacitance. Meanwhile, the electrode is divided in plurality. A recess is formed such that one electrode is lower than a height of another electrode surface. By applying a voltage to the beam and the electrode corresponding to the recess, the beam is pulled to an inside of the recess, thereby enabling to eliminate stiction.

Abstract: There is a solid electrolytic capacitor having a low ESR characteristic. In accordance with the solid electrolytic capacitor using an capacitor element wherein solid electrolyte is formed, the post-etching void factor of the anode foil used for the capacitor element is set at not more than 51% or the post-etching void factor of the cathode foil used for the capacitor element is set at not more than 44%, so that an electrode foil increases in conductivity and decreases in resistivity, to thereby obtain, coupled with the solid electrolyte of a low resistivity, a solid electrolytic capacitor having a lower ESR characteristic.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ferroelectric device relatively free of fences by using a hardmask having high etching selectivity relative to an underlying barrier layer. The present invention also includes a method for suppressing the fences clinging to the sidewalls of ferroelectric devices. Additionally, the present invention provides a ferroelectric device having a hardmask relatively thin compared to an underlying barrier layer when compared to prior art devices.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for the advantageous assembly of blocking capacitors for an integrated circuit. An integrated circuit includes a BGA housing having a plurality of preferably ball-shaped connector pins. A printed circuit board is also provided, having conductor paths to which the housing of the integrated circuit is electrically and mechanically contacted by means of the connector pins. At least one blocking capacitor is spatially arranged between two connector pins of the housing and also between the printed circuit board and housing of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A method for mounting a component on an assembly is provided, such as to prevent shorting between a voltage plane and a ground plane that may be caused when the component fails and generates temperature rises that result in insulation failure. The method includes removing a section of one or more of the group including a ground plane and a voltage plane in an area of the component, where the area of the section is selected to prevent damage to the component that can be caused by shorting between the ground plane and the voltage plane if insulation failure occurs.

Abstract: The invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor which comprises a capacitor element including an anode body having an anode leading member, and a dielectric coating layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a cathode leading layer which are formed successively over a surface of the anode body. The anode leading member has an anode terminal member connected thereto, the cathode leading layer has a cathode terminal member connected thereto, and the capacitor element is covered with a packaging resin portion. The cathode terminal member is connected to the cathode leading layer with current control means provided therebetween. The current control means comprises a current control layer reversibly increasable in electrical resistance with overcurrent or excessive heat, and a pair of electrode members each in the form of a plate or foil and having the current control layer sandwiched therebetween. The electrode members are joined to the cathode leading layer and the cathode terminal member, respectively.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes a laminate having ceramic layers and internal electrodes stacked alternately one on another, and at least one kind of metal oxide between respective one of the ceramic layers and corresponding one of the internal electrodes. A method of manufacturing a multilayer ceramic electronic component includes a first step of stacking ceramic sheets and metal layers alternately one on another to fabricate a laminate and a second step of firing the laminate. Respective one of the metal layers has, on the surface of a sheet-like first metal, a second metal more susceptible to oxidation than the first metal. The second step is performed at an oxygen partial pressure at which the first metal is hardly oxidized and the second metal is oxidized.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor (2) consisting of a capacitor body (1) and an interposer board (20) arranged underneath it, wherein a pair of land patterns are arranged on a front surface of the interposer board (20) for connection with a pair of terminal electrodes of the capacitor body (11) and (12), and a pair of external electrodes are arranged on a back surface of the interposer board (20) for connection with interconnect patterns (34) of a mounting board (33) by solder (35), the pair of land patterns and the pair of external electrodes being arranged on the interposer board (20) so that a direction of a line connecting the pair of land patterns and a direction of a line connecting the pair of external electrodes intersect perpendicularly.

Abstract: An ultracapacitor energy storage cell pack includes an ultracapacitor mounting assembly having a circuit board, a cooling assembly connected to the ultracapacitor mounting assembly and adapted to supply a cooling air stream therein, and a plurality of capacitors including a pair of terminals and an exterior casing, the plurality of capacitors mounted to at least the circuit board of the ultracapacitor mounting assembly with the pair of terminals, allowing the exterior casing to be in the path of the cooling air stream.

Abstract: A series-capacitor installation intended to be placed on a platform, insulated towards ground, for connection into a power line (L) for carrying a line current (IL) has a first and a second capacitor group (C1 and C2, respectively). The capacitor groups are mutually parallel-connected and a non-linear voltage-limiting resistor (Z) is connected in parallel with the capacitor groups, the first capacitor group for carrying a first capacitor current (C1) and the second capacitor group for carrying a second capacitor current (IC2). Protective equipment is intended, in dependence on currents sensed in the installation and on chosen criteria for evaluation thereof, to initiate a protective measure for the installation under an abnormal operating condition.

Abstract: A tantalum sintered body comprising a pore size distribution having a plurality of peaks wherein out of a plurality of peaks, two peaks having a largest relative intensity and a second largest relative intensity have a pore diameter of 0.2 to 0.7 &mgr;m and a pore diameter of 0.7 to 3 &mgr;m, having a volume of pore 10 mm3 or more including the volume of pore voids and a specific area of 0.2 to 7 m2/g, and having a CV value of 40,000 to 200,000 &mgr;FV/g when sintered at 1,300° C., and a capacitor using the sintered body.

Abstract: A surface mount energy storage device in the form of a supercapacitor (1) includes a generally rectangular folded prismatic housing (2) and two energy storage elements (not shown) that are sealingly contained within the housing (2) and which are connected in series. A mount, in the form of an integrally formed tinned metal frame (3), extends about and captively retains housing (2) in the folded configuration shown. Two terminals, in the form of elongate contacts (4, 5) extend from the energy storage elements and terminate outside housing (2) for allowing external electrical connection to the elements.

Abstract: Methods for forming an electronic device can include forming a capacitor structure on a portion of a substrate with the capacitor structure including a first electrode on the substrate, a capacitor dielectric on the first electrode, a second electrode on the dielectric, and a hard mask on the second electrode. More particularly, the capacitor dielectric can be between the first and second electrodes, the first electrode and the capacitor dielectric can be between the second electrode and the substrate, and the first and second electrodes and the capacitor dielectric can be between the hard mask and the substrate. An interlayer dielectric layer can be formed on the hard mask and on portions of the substrate surrounding the capacitor structure, and portions of the interlayer dielectric layer can be removed to expose the hard mask while maintaining portions of the interlayer dielectric layer on portions of the substrate surrounding the capacitor structure.

Abstract: A charge storage device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode being opposed to and spaced apart from the first electrode; a porous separator disposed between the electrodes; a sealed package for containing the electrodes, the separator and an electrolyte in which the electrodes are immersed; and a first terminal and a second terminal being electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode respectively and both extending from the package to allow external electrical connection to the respective electrodes, wherein the gravimetric FOM of the device is greater than about 2.1 Watts/gram.

Abstract: The ceramic multilayer capacitor array of the invention has a plurality of capacitors (1, 2, 3, 4) in a surface mount compatible package (10). The array is constructed from a plurality of first dielectric plates (11), each of which has a first pattern of electrodes (13, 14), and a plurality of second dielectric plates (21), each of which has a second pattern of electrodes (23, 24, 25). The second pattern of electrodes (23, 24, 25) is substantially identical to the first pattern of electrodes (13, 14), and is shifted with respect to it. Each of the electrodes (13, 14, 23, 24, 25) has at least one tab portion (18, 19; 26, 27, 28, 29), which extends to at least one of the side faces (38, 39, 48, 49) of the package (10). Perpendicularly projecting first (11) and second plates (21), the tab portions (18, 19) of the electrodes (13, 14) in the first plates (11) are free from the tab portions (26, 27, 28, 29) of the electrodes (23, 24, 25) in the second plates (21).

Abstract: An electrical device includes two supports for electronic components. A first support bears at least one input terminal, an electric circuit connected to the input terminal and a voltage limiter. A second support bears at least one external connection terminal. The external connection terminal is connected to the input terminal by a capacitor, and the link between the capacitor and the external connection terminal includes a node connected to the voltage limiter device so as to limit a voltage between said node and a reference point of the electric circuit.

Abstract: A capacitor is formed on an interlayer insulating film formed on a semiconductor substrate. The capacitor includes a bottom electrode made of platinum, a capacitor insulating film made of SrTaBiO (SBT) containing an element absorbing hydrogen such as titanium, for example, in grain boundaries, inter-lattice positions or holes, and a top electrode made of platinum.

Abstract: An energy recovery circuit wherein an energy stored in an inductor is applied to a panel to reduce a charge time and improve an energy recovery efficiency. In the energy recovery circuit, a switch, a capacitor and an inductor is provided to form a closed loop. A panel capacitor is equivalently provided at the panel. When the switch is turned on, a current component of an energy is charged in the inductor by an energy charged in the capacitor. When the switch is turned off, an inverse voltage is inducted into the inductor and a closed loop is formed by the inductor and the panel capacitor, thereby applying only an inverse voltage of the inductor to the panel capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention includes an integrated circuit switch including a membrane supported over a first conductor on a substrate, a conductive region on the membrane and connecting to the first conductor on the substrate, a pulldown electrode on the substrate and under the membrane and a pillar to support the membrane after the pulldown threshold has been reached. A voltage greater than a pulldown threshold is applied between the membrane and the pulldown electrode will pull the membrane down to make a capacitive coupling to the first conductor. The addition of the pillars increases the upward restoring force when the activation voltage is removed.

Abstract: A niobium powder is provided for producing a niobium capacitor enhanced in the thermal stability of oxide films on niobium, with less leak current and less deterioration of leak current after application of thermal loads. The niobium powder contains form 0.005 to 0.10 mass % of hydrogen and from 0.002 to 5 mass % of sulfur and, further preferably, one or both of magnesium and aluminum in an amount from 0.002 to 1 mass % in total. The specific surface area of the powder is 1 to 10 m2/g and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles is 10 to 200 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Electronic microcomponent based on a substrate and incorporating a capacitive structure produced on top of a metallization level present in the substrate, said capacitive structure comprising two electrodes, wherein:

Abstract: The invention relates to a biaxially oriented, hydrolysis-resistant film comprising a crystallizable thermoplastic, with a thickness in the range from 0.5 to 12 &mgr;m. The film comprises at least one hydrolysis retardant, has a conductive coating and is notable for its low hydrolysis speed and its good dielectric properties. The film may possess at least one functionality additional to the hydrolysis resistance. In particular, it has a high tracking resistance and a low dissipation factor, and may also have one or more further functionalities. The invention additionally relates to a process for producing the film and to its use.

Abstract: An electronic component produced from a substrate and incorporating a capacitive structure formed on top of the final visible metallization level produced in the substrate, said capacitive structure having two electrodes, wherein one of the electrodes comprises an array of superposed fins that are offset from one another with respect to a central trunk, the other electrode comprising two arrays of fins, the fins of each of the latter arrays being interleaved with the fins of the first electrode and being joined together by a common wall, the two common walls themselves being joined together above the first electrode.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor having a plurality of solid electrolytic capacitor elements each having an anode part assigned to one end part of an anode substrate composed of a valve-acting metal having on the surface thereof a dielectric film layer, and a cathode part consisting of a solid electrolyte layer formed on the dielectric film layer in the remaining portion of the anode substrate and an electrically conducting layer formed on the solid electrolyte layer. The anode parts are stacked on one another and the cathode parts are stacked on one another, and the stacked anode parts and stacked cathode parts are connected to a lead frame and are molded with an outer jacket resin. Each solid electrolytic capacitor element has a notched part at least at one part of the cathode part and an electrically conductive material fills the notched part.

Abstract: An engine-generator set includes a load power fault protector circuit that detects when the power delivered to the load reaches a predetermined maximum power value, and substantially prevents the load power from exceeding the predetermined maximum value by decreasing the load voltage.

Abstract: An interrupter switch mechanism 18, an actuator mechanism 20 for operating the switch mechanism 18, an engagement arm 30 such as a whip, a first resistor 22, a second resistor 26, a drive mechanism 64 for pivoting the engagement arm 30 into contact with the resistors 22 and 26, and a drive shaft 62. The drive mechanism 64 has a first hub 82, a second hub 84 that is biased relative to the first hub 82, and a pivotal latch member 66 that is biased towards an engaged position with the second hub 94. The drive shaft 62 sequentially operates the drive mechanism 64 to introduce the first resistor 22 and then the second resistor 26, and then operates the actuator 20 to close the switch mechanism 18, for reducing electrical disturbances when switching a capacitor bank 12 into an electric power circuit 16.

Abstract: This invention relates to high ohm capacitor films and methods of making high ohm capacitor films. The capacitor films have a zinc active area and have a resistance specification of 20 ohms or higher. Corrosion of the zinc active area is inhibited.

Abstract: An actuator mechanism that decreases the time needed to move the contacts of a circuit interrupter between a closed circuit position and an open circuit position to reduce the probability of the occurrence of restrikes. The actuator mechanism uses a toggle spring arrangement that uses a single spring to move the interrupter through both an opening stroke and a closing stroke. The interrupter is designed to connect to the circuit in parallel, so that the interrupter is not normally in the circuit when the circuit is closed. Because the interrupter is not normally in the circuit, it can be manufactured to less stringent standards than those that apply to electrical components that normally remain in the circuit. The interrupter is well adapted for use as a puffer-type interrupter in which the contacts of the interrupter are contained in an arc-extinguishing gas, such as sulphur-hexaflouride (SF6) gas to further reduce the probability of restrikes and to minimize the effect of occurring restrikes.

Abstract: A capacitor is disclosed which includes at least one electrochemical cell. The cell includes a cathode having a coating of an amorphous metal oxide, an anode having a coating of an amorphous metal oxide and a substrate layer containing an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and anode. A conductive rubber layer is positioned on the exterior surface of both the cathode and the anode, and first and second current collectors are disposed, respectively, adjacent the outer surfaces of the conductive rubber layers. Finally, a metallic coating is interposed between each rubber layer and its adjacent current collector to reduce the contact resistance present in the capacitor.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip has first and second power supply lines and a capacitor having first and second capacitive electrodes. The first capacitive electrode is coupled to the first power supply line. A transistor has first and second current carrying electrodes and a control electrode. The first current carrying electrode is coupled to the second capacitive electrode, and the second current carrying electrode is coupled to the second power supply line. A logic controller is coupled to the second capacitive electrode and to the control electrode. The logic controller is effective to detect a defect in the capacitor and to operate the transistor so as to disconnect the capacitor from the first and second power supply lines in the event that the logic controller detects a defect in the capacitor.

Abstract: A circuit system for discharging a buffer capacitor, in particular for supplying high voltage to a piezoelectric output stage inside a control unit. Electronic switching elements are provided to discharge (but not to recharge) the buffer capacitor after the control unit is isolated from the piezoelectric element or after the control unit is switched off.