Abstract: A vehicle running board for attachment to a vehicle, comprising a first running board component, a second running board component, a lamp assembly, and a coupling between the running board components. Also disclosed is a method and structure to operate running boards to emit light to indicate at least one of vehicular dome light activation, vehicular braking, vehicular reverse gear engagement, vehicular turn signaling, vehicular emergency signaling, remote keyless entry activation, and vehicular headlight activation. A support member receiver is disposed along the bottom side of the running board components and is optionally coupled with a support member, providing additional structural stability to the running board. Traction grooves are disposed on the top side of the running board components, and the vehicle running board may be formed by blow molding or rotational molding techniques to evenly distribute acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Abstract: An exterior rearview mirror assembly for use on an automotive vehicle comprises a base member having a mounting plate for fixedly securing the mirror assembly to the side of the vehicle and a base plate extending outwardly therefrom. An elongated support arm has a first end pivotally coupled to the base plate and an opposite second end supporting a concave mirror housing. The mirror housing includes a peripheral rim defining an opening for receiving a reflective glass mirror pane. The mirror pane includes a directional indicator for providing directional signalling of the intended vehicle path. The mirror assembly further includes a puddle lamp for illuminating areas adjacent to the vehicle for entry and exit and for signalling rearward of the vehicle. Finally, the mirror assembly includes a display panel operatively connected to the vehicle for displaying information indicative of the vehicles operating conditions.

Abstract: A light bar assembly retractably mounted within a roof of a vehicle for extending from an opening in the roof of the vehicle includes a roof cover assembly, moveable between a first retracted position and a second extended position covering the hole in the roof of the vehicle, a light bar assembly moveable between a first lowered position and a second raised position extending from the hole in the roof of the vehicle and a control mechanism for selectively controlling the roof assembly and the retractable light bar assembly between there respected first and second positions.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) warning signal light and double light bar includes a second light bar elevated with respect to a first light bar. Each of the first and second light bars includes a controller for generating a plurality of observable light signals. The controller may regulate the illumination of LED's to a desired pattern, sequence, and/or combination of simultaneous and/or individual light signals.

Abstract: A bulb shield for use in an automotive headlamp assembly, and a method for making same. The bulb shield includes a cup portion and a portion which extends from the cup portion and is configured for mounting to a reflector of the automotive headlamp assembly or to another, proximate structure. When the bulb shield is mounted, the cup portion is preferably generally horizontally aligned with a headlamp bulb in the automotive headlamp assembly, thereby eliminating a “hot spot” which would otherwise be viewable when looking into the headlamp beam. Preferably, at least a portion of the cup portion of the bulb shield is electro-formed. Such a bulb shield is relatively inexpensive and easy to make, yet can withstand the high temperatures which are typically experienced in an automotive headlamp assembly. Additionally, such a bulb shield can be inexpensively provided, yet meet precision requirements.

Abstract: A new and improved brake light is disclosed. The brake light would be a forward-facing brake light which would attach to the center front top deck, or hood, of automobiles. The brake light would be hooked up to the brake system of a vehicle to which the present invention would be attached.

Abstract: Actuation means for actuating a functional part in an automobile by means of a handle portion or the like, whereby at least a portion, e.g. a stripe of an electro luminescence sheet is applied to a surface of said handle portion or adjacent to said handle portion and connected to an electric source.

Abstract: A handle for illuminating the rear registration plate on automobiles and for opening the boot of the car, made up of an attractive support and an integrated insert, which has two bodies formed longitudinally, joined and sealed around their edges, in order to form a common chamber, with an opening on one side which passes through to the outside, and through which the connector is passed, and which has a co-moulded seal on the outside; the said two bodies are made up of: a half-casing shaped on the inside surface in order to position the base of a support for at least one light-body and, if required, a mechanism for opening the boot; the said base operates in conjunction with conductor means, in order to attach each of the said mechanisms to its respective external controls;—a counter-shaped cover with protection means for the light-body and illumination, and in which the said cover has, if required, a membrane which is flexible under pressure, for the opening mechanism of the boot.

Abstract: A vehicle structural assembly includes a main body portion defining first and second lamp housings. Each of the lamp housings including a lower wall, an inboard wall, an outboard wall and a rear wall. The rear wall is stepped to include first and second portions each defining a cylindrical opening. The lower, inboard, outboard and rear walls defining a lamp aperture. The vehicle structural assembly further includes first and second lamp assemblies disposed in the lamp apertures defined by the first and second lamp housings, respectively. Both of the lamp assemblies include a lamp module and a lens.

Abstract: A motor vehicle headlight includes a first, generally concave, reflector and a lamp mounted in the first reflector, the lamp connectable to a light source. A second reflector is housed within the concavity of the first reflector. The second reflector is moveable between a first position, wherein the headlight reflects a wide beam, and a second position, wherein the headlight reflects a narrow beam. The second reflector may be in communication with a device responsive to the speed of the vehicle in which the headlight is mounted, and accordingly, the position of the second reflector may be based on the speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle light lens system capable of displaying message logos, and more particularly relates to such lenses that incorporate message logos into the body of the lens thereby forming a one-piece lens capable of displaying message logos. The light lens system includes a lens body that has an observer facing side and an opposite light source facing side. The body has at least one contrast visibly discernible from the observer facing side. The contrast is provided in the shape of a desired message logo. The contrast may reflect light and/or be illuminated by a light source.

Abstract: A rear light unit for a vehicle including a plurality of reflectors and bulbs assigned for forming a rear light, a brake light and a rear fog light. The invention aims to provide a rear light unit which is more compact for an identical number of signal lights. To this end the rear light is made up of a row of four reflectors and bulbs, at least two of which reflectors have bulbs with two power levels. One reflector together with a bulb switched to the higher power level forms the brake light while the other forms the rear fog light. The reflectors are arranged at a distance from each other which complies with the legally required minimum separation between the brake light and rear fog light.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp wherein a mounting member 20A for mounting and fixing a lamp unit 11 onto a vehicle body is projected from the outer surface of a synthetic-resin lamp body 12 forming part of the lamp unit 11. The mounting member 20A is formed of synthetic-resin and incorporated into the lamp body 12 by welding. A material greater in strength than the lamp body 12 is used as the material of the mounting member 20A to secure sufficient strength for the mounting member 20A. The quantity H of projection of the mounting member 20A from the outer surface of the lamp body 12 is made smaller than the quantity of projection of any conventional mounting member, so that the depth of a lamp chamber can be set greater.

Abstract: A shutter assembly includes a structure which surrounds an opening and a shutter including a plurality of laths hingedly connected together at their longitudinal edges and moveable across the opening in a direction substantially normal to those longitudinal edges between an opened position and a closed position to respectively open and close the opening. A latch mechanism is operable to retain the shutter in the closed position. The latch mechanism includes at least one latch member mounted on the shutter and, for each latch member, at least one keeper mounted on the structure and which has a portion with which the respective latch member may be engaged to latch the shutter in the closed position.

Abstract: A lane mark irradiation lamp forming a pair of light distribution patterns on left and right sides of the road surface ahead of a vehicle. The light distribution patterns are formed so as to extend along the lane marks provided on the road, and the luminous intensity distribution of the light distribution patterns in lateral direction in a first angle position that is in a downward direction at a predetermined angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the lamp is set so as to have peaks on both sides of such a longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp device supporting structure 5 for supported by a front end of a vehicle, comprises a fragile portion 21 breakable in vehicle collision. The fragile portion is provided in mount brackets 7, 8 and 9 which protrude from a housing 10 of the lamp device 5. A shroud panel 4 supporting the lamp device 5 includes an opening 2 to allow the lamp device 5 to be displaced rearward when the mount brackets 7, 8 and 9 are broken up.

Abstract: An external mirror assembly for an automotive vehicle has a shell having an aperture. A mirror is carried by the shell, substantially occluding the aperture. The mirror assembly has a lighting element having an electroluminescent film electrically connected to a triggering device for energizing the film and illuminating the mirror assembly. The triggering device includes first and second switches for generating a series of high and low frequency pulses and a control device connected to each of the switch for triggering each of the switches to illuminate the lighting element in either a flashing or continuous pattern.

Abstract: The reflective surface of a reflector 16 is divided through steps into a plurality of vertically elongated reflective surface elements. In each of those reflective surface elements, the light incidence section to which the output light of a light source bulb is applied is made up a convex cylindrical curved surface and a concave cylindrical curved surface which are arranged substantially in parallel with the step adjacent to the light incidence section. Accordingly, when the lamp is turned on, and the reflector is observed from the front, the light incidence sections function as follows; that is, the apex portions of the cylindrical curves surfaces look glittered as bright sections. Therefore, the reflective surface looks more sparkling.

Abstract: An external rearview mirror for a vehicle includes a base for attachment to a vehicle, a mirror head connected to the base, and a holder for a mirror glass. A blinker light on the mirror head provides light which is radiated rearwardly, as viewed in the direction of forward travel of the vehicle. The rearward light is radiated at an angle of at least 55 degrees relative to a straight line that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and that substantially extends beyond the contour of the mirror head.

Abstract: Automotive lighting systems include a casing which defines an interior space and a pair of shafts extending thereacross so as to establish adjacent first and second interior space regions. Lamps are positioned in respective ones of these adjacent first and second interior space regions and are covered by a respective pair of lenses. Each lens has proximal and distal ends and is connected pivotally at the proximal end thereof to a respective one of the shafts to allow for independent pivotal movements of the distal end between inoperative and operative positions. Push switches are operatively connected to respective ones of the lamps and positioned in respective ones of the first and second interior space regions in such a manner that the distal ends of each lens is in contact with a respective push switch. In such a manner, the push switches may be operated in response to the pivotal movements of the lenses between its inoperative and operative positions to thereby illuminate the lamps.

Abstract: A lamp for vehicle that includes a light source, a housing, a reflector and a lens is disclosed. The lens is made by the process that includes the steps of (a) assuming an imaginary plane with a cross hatching pattern made of crossing groups of plural lines disposed in parallel at a constant pitch, (b) deforming the imaginary plane by a desired shape consisting of a convex surface, a concave surface or a combination of both surfaces, so that the cross hatching pattern is deformed into a process surface, and (c) processing a lens cut in accordance with the cross hatching pattern when the process surface is orthographically projected onto the lens surface. The deformation given to the imaginary plane is performed so that the maximum pitch of the cross hatching pattern orthographically projected onto the lens surface is 1.5 times or more and 20 times or less the minimum pitch. The lens cut may have curvatures of the same diffusion coefficient regardless of the pitch of the cross hatching pattern.

Abstract: A retractable truck light assembly for trucks that provides increased lighting and visibility when a truck is towing a trailer. The truck light assembly includes a retractable light housing that is affixed to the truck bed side wall. The housing further includes a pivotal mount whereby the truck light housing swivels outward from the truck body to an extended position and swivels inward to the truck body to a retracted position. The truck light assembly also includes an adjustable rod attachable to the truck bed side wall. The adjustable rod includes a concave receptor shaped and positioned to receive the truck light housing in its retracted position such that the truck light housing does not substantially protrude beyond the aerodynamic plane of the truck bed side wall. In the preferred embodiment, the truck light system includes a pair of truck light assemblies for positioning on the driver and passenger sides of the truck, respectively.

Abstract: A flexible arm light for a motor vehicle having a passenger compartment equipped with an overhead console includes a first housing and a second housing interconnected by a flexible housing. The first housing includes a lamp coupled to the overhead console at a first location. The second housing is coupled to the console at a second location. The flexible arm light is operable in a stowed position and a deployed position wherein the flexible arm light is selectively directable toward a target when in the deployed position.

Abstract: A plastic lamp housing for attaching to a vehicle is provided with auxiliary mounting structure to allow reattachment to a vehicle, subsequent to minor breakage of a primary mounting structure provided integrally therewith. The lamp housing includes a housing body for supportively receiving at least one bulb therein and a projecting portion, integrally provided with the housing body, for use in connecting the lamp housing to a vehicle. The projecting portion extends outwardly from a surface of the housing body and may have a groove formed therein proximate the first surface of the housing body to provide a breakaway point. The housing body further includes fastener receiving structure provided on and an auxiliary mounting bracket which may be readily secured to the fastener receiving structure, for use in reattaching the housing body to the vehicle, without affecting the structural integrity, functionality or exterior appearance of the housing body.

Abstract: Electric wire holders 8a, 8b extending in a fitting direction Z are integrally provided on an electric wire insertion tube 5 of a bracket 2. Locking hooks 15a, 15b are arranged in spatial regions S1, S2 which are surrounded by outer peripheral walls of the electric wire holders 8a, 8b and the electric wire insertion tube 5 and by tangent lines C1, C2 connecting ridges 9a, 9b of the electric wire holders 8a, 8b and the outer peripheral wall of the electric wire insertion tube 5.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp incorporating a lamp body having a wall structure formed on the rear surface. An elastic sealing member is applied to the leading edge of the wall structure. The wall structure is arranged to reduce a compressive load which has to be exerted on the elastic sealing member when the lamp is joined to the panel of a vehicle body. The wall structure prevents shifting of the elastic sealing member with respect to the wall structure. Portions of the wall structure in which the height of the wall is short are composed of double walls. Other portions each having a greater height are composed of single wall portions and include a plurality of ribs so that the elastic sealing member is stably held along the overall length of the wall structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting light, wherein a holographic video screen is used as part of an illuminating system. The tendency of such a video screen to backscatter light of certain wavelengths from a predefined direction into a certain solid angle area is utilized to generate holographic images at precisely defined angles. In ambient light, such a video screen need not appear black, or at least dark.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exterior vehicle mirror assembly. The mirror comprises a housing with an electrically powered adjusting mechanism mounted therein, and a support structure to be fixed to the vehicle exterior. The housing is pivotally mounted to the support structure and both the housing and support structure provide structure cooperating to define an indexing pivot assembly. The support structure has a wire receiving passage formed therein and the housing has a wire passage access opening. The access opening provides access to the passage to facilitate passing electroconductive wire though the passage so as to allow the adjusting mechanism to be connected to an electric power source and a control signal source within the vehicle. A lighting assembly is constructed and arranged to be mounted to the support structure so as to close the wire access opening after an installer has passed the wiring through the wire receiving passage.

Abstract: An illuminated automotive emblem for mounting on a vehicle. The emblem has a decorative housing frame with an overall shape preferably similar to existing automotive manufacturer's emblems (Ford, Chevrolet, etc.). The frame has a central open area that surrounds indicia on a display template that may be any type of printed matter. A portion of the display template substantially fills the central open area of the frame. A rear enclosure housing an illuminant mounts behind the template to emit light through the display template and indicia. The housing frame, display template, rear enclosure and illuminant disassemble from each other so that the parts are replaceable and various housing frames and indicia can be displayed. The housing frame and rear enclosure fasten internally through the use of adhesive strips, magnetic material or interior studs that mate to open bores. The interior studs and open bores are of such dimension that a “snap” tight frictional type bond is created.

Abstract: A vehicle headlamp includes a beamforming waveguide having an input face, an output face, and a guide portion extending between the input face and the output face. A light source is positioned at the input face of the beamforming waveguide. A lens is positioned at the output face so that light output by the beamforming waveguide passes through the lens to provide vehicle forward illumination. The beamforming waveguide is shaped to generate a desired headlamp beam pattern and can be formed as a block of solid material, a bundle of plastic or glass fibers, or a solid molded wedge that can be moved between two positions to provide both high and low beam forward illumination.

Abstract: An integrated instrument cluster assembly for use in an instrument panel 400, the assembly comprising: (1) a generally flat instrument cluster appliqué 110 having a first surface 112, an opposed second surface 114, and a perimeter 116 thereabout; (2) a generally flat light pipe/diffuser 120 sandwiched against the second surface 114 of the appliqué; and (3) at least one generally flat circuit board 130 sandwiched against the light pipe/diffuser. The at least one circuit board 130 is/are disposed such that a first rigid edge card connector portion 140 thereof extends outward generally beyond the perimeter 116.

Abstract: A light emitting diode warning lamp which meets selected Society of Automotive Engineers Standards; the invention comprises a housing, a printed circuit board secured within the housing, a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted to the printed circuit board and operatively arranged to produce light in substantially a 360° arc surrounding the housing in a horizontal plane, and a driving circuit operatively arranged to flash the plurality of light emitting diodes.

Abstract: The present invention is a snowplow diagnostic and connection system for connecting a snowplow to a vehicle. The system includes an diagnostic circuit and an indicator which detects and indicates the status of various components of the snowplow and its controls. The indicator includes a specific indication of the status of each detected subsystem or each component, as well as providing a general warning if any problem is detected. The indicator has a plurality of LED's which individually represent the various subsystems or components. If a problem is detected with any of the subsystems or components, the vehicle's headlights are caused to flash, thus alerting the operator.

Abstract: A vehicle light assembly for use with a vehicle comprising a base plate, a detachable and replaceable circuit board and a lens attached to the base for covering the circuit board. The base plate has plug-in terminal connectors. Each terminal connector has a prong which extends upwardly from the base plate and a socket which extends downwardly from the base plate for connecting to a power source. The circuit board has illuminating members and ring connectors which are coupled to the illuminating members. The circuit board is installed on the base plate such that the plug-in terminal connectors on the base plate are respectively inserted into the ring connectors of the circuit board for providing electrically continuity.

Abstract: A backplate assembly that is mounted to a reflector and lens includes a base panel. The base panel includes a conductor for conducting electricity and at least one separately molded lamp socket assembly. The base panel includes a mount for integrally attaching the lamp socket assembly to the base panel. A front panel is attached to the base panel and has an aperture through which the lamp socket assembly passes.

Abstract: A light bar for mounting on an emergency vehicle to provide warning light signals. An elongate body portion has an elongate axis, the elongate body portion adapted to be mounted on the emergency vehicle so that the elongate axis traverses an axis coaxial with the direction of the travel of the emergency vehicle. At least three vertically spaced lighting layers are provided, each layer having at least one emergency light source, the emergency light sources on each layer cooperating to provide a transient high intensity warning light signal 360.degree. around the light bar. At least four linear rows of emergency light sources as viewed from the top of the light bar are also provided, the rows being substantially parallel to the elongate axis, each row having at least two emergency light sources, at least one row located in each of the layers and at least one layer having at least two rows, the emergency light sources in each row cooperate to provide a transient high intensity warning signal 360.degree.

Abstract: A vehicle beam lamp, particularly an additional automobile headlight, comprising a housing, a reflector, a cover plate connected to the reflector, and a frame for fastening the cover plate and reflector to the housing, has the reflector, cover plate, and frame firmly connected to each other to form an insert that closes off the housing. A procedure for mounting a vehicle beam lamp comprising a housing, a reflector, a cover plate, and a frame connecting the reflector and cover plate to the housing involves gluing the reflector, the cover plate, and the frame together into an insert that is separably connected to the housing.

Abstract: Light shielding portions made from light shielding resin material, and light conducting portions made from transparent or translucent resin material are formed integrally with each other by two-layer molding to thereby reduce the number of manufacturing steps and to thereby make the assembling easy. The light conducting portions for conducting light from light sources furnished in a control panel to light-emission portions of the control panel are constituted by operating dial light-emission portions, label light-emission portions, a CD insertion hole light-emission portion, and so on. Further, temporarily locking claws for locking the light shielding portions in the control panel temporarily may be formed by integral molding with the light shielding portions to thereby make the assembling easier.

Abstract: A lamp unit for a vehicle incorporating a reflector disposed on the inside of a case-shape lamp body; a bulb disposed in front of the reflector and serving as a light source; and a front lens joined to and integrated with a front opening of the lamp body, the lamp unit for a vehicle being joined to a corner portion of the body of the vehicle, wherein the bulb is disposed horizontally with respect to the axis of the vehicle. Thus, the bulb insertion hole is omitted from the rear portion of the bulb so that the overall surface of the lamp body in the rear of the bulb is made to be the effective reflecting surface. As a result, the quantity of light which is emitted from the lamp can be enlarged.

Abstract: A vehicle having glare-reducing apparatus has a windshield and a driver's seat disposed rearwardly of the windshield. An elongated light source is disposed adjacent to and extends across a substantial portion of the windshield such that light emitted by the light source will impinge on both eyes of the driver generally equally and constrict the pupils of the driver's eyes. In a preferred form, the light source is substantially continuous and may be a fluorescent bulb or a neon bulb. The light source is preferably positioned above the windshield and has a central axis which is about 1/2 to 1 inch from the exposed uppermost portion of the windshield. A potentiometer or other device may be employed to adjust the light intensity. A related method is provided.

Abstract: A soft shelled lamp shade comprising: a shade body formed of soft plastics having good light transmission and heat resistance, the shade body having a bottom surface with a hollow cylindrical body projected therefrom, a recess being formed on the bottom surface around the cylindrical body, a receiving chamber being further formed within the shade body, the receiving chamber being opened at a hollow end of the cylindrical body, and a double-sided adhesive tape being in the shape of a sheet and having an upper and a lower surfaces, the upper surface being at least partially adhered into the recess on the bottom surface of the shade body. Since the shade body is formed of soft light conducting and heat resistant plastics, the shade body can be made into any desired shape. When the soft shelled lamp shade and a set of bulbs are secured to an automobile or a motorcycle, light can be emitted through the shade body from the bulbs.

Abstract: An inverted L-shaped fixed-side bracket 13 for fastening a lamp body 2 to a vehicle body 10. A vehicle-body fitting hole 13c is vertically bored through a tongue edge portion 13b projecting rearwardly from the upper end portion of the fixed-side bracket, and a cylindrical body 19 having a tapping hole 18 is projected rearwardly from a main portion 13a. The tapping hole 18 has a polygonal shape and receives an aiming-adjusting screw 15.

Abstract: The turn signal system of the invention utilizes a timing circuit to electrically activate and deactivate the flashing turn signal. The invention system also utilizes a pair (left, right) of auxiliary, spring-loaded, momentary contact, normally open switches arranged such that if the driver actuates the turn signal lever for a turn, even though the lever is in the actuated position for that turn, the turn signal flashing circuit is reactivated by the momentary closing of the auxiliary switch and the cycle is restarted. The system of the invention is also characterized by the timing circuit being dependent for its operation on signals received from the vehicle's speed sensor such that the timing circuit will not operate unless there is a signal from the speed sensor to indicate the vehicle is moving.

Abstract: The vehicle headlamp uses a light shield with a interior surface with a rough, black ceramic coating. The ceramic surface absorbs almost all the visible light shone on it. The surface is highly resistant to the heat generated by the light absorption, and the roughness breaks up visible light images in any small amount of reflected light. The ceramic material does not outgas or deteriorate so as to leave a film on the other lamp elements.

Abstract: A vehicle light assembly is comprised of a housing, a locking ring mechanism, a socket holding plate, a lens, and an attachment cover. The housing has at least three spaced apart bosses which extend inwardly and located adjacent to a front rim. The retaining ring adapter has an inner ring and an outer ring which is slightly larger than the inner ring. The inner ring has at least three spaced apart locking slots which are aligned with and rotatably engaged with the three bosses of the housing. The outer ring abuts against the front rim outside of the housing, where screws are provided to pull the inner ring against the outer rim so that the locking slots are further engaged with the bosses to further secure the inner ring thereto. The socket holding plate is installed on top of the outer ring of the retaining ring adapter for retaining a socket wherein a light bulb is installed thereto. The lens is placed over the light bulb and secured to the socket holding plate by the attachment cover.

Abstract: A Warning system in combination with a vehicle in which ultrasonic sound and ultraviolet is beamed in advance of the moving vehicle on a thoroughfare so that said sound and light may be heard and seen by an animal ahead of the moving vehicle to induce the animal to leave the road before it is struck by the vehicle.

Abstract: An automobile steering wheel and turn signal indicator for allowing a driver of an automobile to signal for a turn, includes a handle/hub arrangement adapted to be coupled to a steering column of the automobile, spokes disposed about the handle/hub and horizontally extended outward therefrom to the handle, and left and right turn signal indicators disposed on at least one of the handle, hub and spokes of the steering wheel.

Abstract: A light emitting reference point is set for a light source attached to a reflecting mirror having an opening on one end thereof, and it is assumed that a point light source is set on the reference point. Then, a reference surface formed as a set of half lines extending from the reference point to an arbitrary point on a front end edge of a socket arranged so as to interrupt rays of light from the point light source. Then, a partial surface of the basic surface of a reflective surface around the socket is arranged so that the partial surface projects more frontward than the reference surface, and a curved form of the partial surface is arranged so that the rays of light emitted from the point reach everywhere on the surface. Then, a group of paraboloids of revolution formed by a number of paraboloids of revolution whose focal distances are different from one another, is prepared, and intersecting lines between the basic surface and the group of paraboloids of revolution are obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a side lamp for vehicles which have an opening in their shell. In order to provide a side lamp which can be used as a turn signal side lamp and as a side marking lamp, it is suggested to construct the side lamp as part of an edge of an opening, preferably a wheel opening, on the shell of the vehicle. It is also contemplated to provide a reflector as a component of the side lamp which can be designed as part of a cover plate of the side lamp.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp having a discharge bulb which prevents radiation of electromagnetic waves toward the forward positions of the lamp. Radiation into the other directions is prevented by shielding members disposed around the lamp. A shade disposed in front of a discharge bulb attached to a reflector is made of metal and a stem of the shade is secured to the reflector in a state where the stem is electrically connected to a socket fixture. The shade is placed at ground potential through the fixture. Thus, the front portion of the discharge bulb is shielded and prevents radiation of the electromagnetic waves to positions in front of the lamp.