Abstract: A signal processing method includes: sending a first data signal and receiving a second data signal in a first resource block (RB) of a first subframe; and sending a first reference signal according to first reference information and receiving a second reference signal according to second reference information in the first RB, where: the first reference information is different from the second reference information; the first reference information includes: a time-frequency resource location occupied by the first reference signal, and sequence information of the first reference signal; and the second reference information includes: a time-frequency resource location occupied by the second reference signal, and sequence information of the second reference signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a power control method and apparatus, and relate to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: determining, according to a power offset parameter configured by a network side, a first power offset value used by a control channel corresponding to a first subframe, and determining a second power offset value used by a control channel corresponding to a second subframe; feeding back the control channel corresponding to the first subframe to the network side by using the first power offset value; and feeding back the control channel corresponding to the second subframe to the network side by using the second power offset value. The present invention is applicable to a multiflow transmission scenario in which a UE feeds back control information to a network side.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a technology for allocating a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) in a wireless communication system. Embodiments of the present invention provides an apparatus and method for allocating CSI-RSs to resource areas, in which, under the condition of a subframe in which the CP is an extended CP, and the duplex scheme is TDD, if CSI-RSs for maximum 8 antenna ports are allocated, the CSI-RSs are allocated to the 8th and 9th symbols (symbol No. l=7 and 8), wherein each CSI-RS for every two antenna ports is allocated to the same RE while being discriminated from each other by an orthogonal code and neighbor CSI-RS allocated REs in the frequency axis are spaced by an interval of three REs.

Abstract: A method for operating a random access channel (RACH) by a base station (BS) performing beamforming with at least one receive chain includes broadcasting RACH configuration information; and receiving an RACH signal with at least one receive chain, wherein the RACH configuration information includes threshold information to divide an RACH groups into a first group and a second group. A BS for operating a RACH by performing beamforming with at least one receive chain in a communication system, the BS comprising a controller configured to broadcast RACH configuration information and control at least one receive chain to receive an RACH signal, wherein the RACH configuration information includes threshold information to divide RACH groups into a first group and a second group. Other embodiments including a user equipment are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, and methods for evaluating multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO, antenna deployment. The method for evaluating MIMO, antenna deployment comprises the steps of receiving a first composite signal via a first receive antenna. The first composite signal comprises a first tone transmitted from a first transmit antenna at a first variable frequency and a second tone transmitted from a second transmit antenna at a second variable frequency different from the first variable frequency, and also receiving a second composite signal via a second receive antenna. The second composite signal comprising the first tone transmitted from the first transmit antenna and the second tone transmitted from the second transmit antenna.

Abstract: A mobile station includes: a physical channel segmentation unit to receive radio signals including multiple orthogonal signals which are orthogonal to each other, and multiple non-orthogonal signals which are not orthogonal to each other; and data demodulating/decoding units to extract the non-orthogonal signal addressed to the mobile station from the multiple non-orthogonal signals by demodulating and cancelling the radio signal addressed to another mobile station by use of the orthogonal signals included in the radio signals received by the physical channel segmentation unit, and demodulate the signal included in the orthogonal signals and addressed to the mobile station, and the extracted non-orthogonal signal addressed to the mobile station.

Abstract: A signal structure for use in D2D communications is described. In one embodiment, a preamble for automatic gain control at the receiver end is included in the transmitted signal. Techniques for scheduling of D2D transmissions using carrier sensing multiple access (CSMA) and a power control schemes for interference management are also described.

Abstract: In a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system, a wireless node's receive chain demodulation function is enhanced to include phase tracking. VHT Long Training Fields (LTFs) embedded in a frame preamble are used for phase tracking. Single stream pilot tones are added during transmission of VHT-LTFs. A receiver estimates the channel using the pilot tones in a first set of LTFs. A second set of LTFs are used to estimate the phase of the pilot tones using the estimated channel. The phase estimation is continuously applied to other received data tones throughout the VHT-LTFs of data symbols. Phase errors due to PLL mismatches and phase noise are reduced at reception, leading to better signal to noise ratio for different levels of drift and frequency offset. Further, MIMO channel estimation is more accurate, improving the overall wireless network when the accurate MIMO channel estimation data participates in calibration and handshake between wireless nodes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and an apparatus for generating a long training sequence and sending a signal, and belongs to the field of wireless communications. The method includes: obtaining a plurality of long training sequences according to a system parameter and a preset sequence construction formula, wherein the plurality of long training sequences include a plurality of basic training sequences and a plurality of shift training sequences obtained according to cyclic shift of the basic training sequences; and configuring a mapping rule between a terminal device and a long training sequence, for enabling the terminal device to select a long training sequence according to the mapping rule as a long training sequence for sending a signal. By adopting the present disclosure, energy consumption of the receiving end may be reduced and accuracy of channel estimation may be improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an information processing apparatus, a network node, and an information processing method. The information processing apparatus may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a precoding module, and a determining module. The IFFT module is configured to separately perform IFFT processing on N frequency-domain data streams to acquire N time-domain data streams, where N is a positive integer. The precoding module is configured to perform precoding processing on the N time-domain data streams to acquire a precoding processing result. The determining module is configured to determine, according to the precoding processing result, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol to be sent over each antenna of M antennas.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a dynamic spectrum allocation method and a dynamic spectrum allocation device. In the method, a centralized node performs spectrum allocation and transmits a spectrum allocation result to each communication node, so that the communication node operates at a corresponding spectrum resource in accordance with the spectrum allocation result and performs statistics of communication quality measurement information. The centralized node receives the communication quality measurement information reported by the communication node, and determines whether or not it is required to trigger the spectrum re-allocation for the communication node in accordance with the communication quality measurement information about the communication node. When it is required to trigger the spectrum re-allocation, the centralized node re-allocates the spectrum for the communication node.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a communication unit for generating precoding feedback information in a multiple frequency radio transmission system are disclosed. A rank for precoding matrices, wherein the rank is constant over the multiple frequencies, is selected and a plurality of precoding matrices having the selected rank are selected. A different precoding matrix is selected for each frequency subset of the multiple frequencies.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a reference signal to a user equipment at a base station in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes transmitting a control channel and the reference signal having a first pattern for the control channel to the user equipment and transmitting a data channel and the reference signal having a second pattern for the data channel to the user equipment, wherein reference signal density of the second pattern is determined based on a coherence time of the data channel, and the first pattern includes the second pattern.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an information processing method and apparatus, including: obtaining a local to-be-transmitted signal by using a local transmitter, and inserting first pilots and second pilots, where the first pilots are inserted from a first position of the local to-be-transmitted signal, the second pilots are inserted from a second position of the local to-be-transmitted signal; obtaining a local transmit signal; obtaining a peer transmit signal, where the peer transmit signal is sent after third pilots and fourth pilots are inserted, the third pilots are inserted from a third position of the peer transmit signal, the fourth pilots are inserted from a fourth position of the peer transmit signal, the first pilot is orthogonal to the fourth pilot, and the second pilot is orthogonal to the third pilot; and parsing the local transmit signal and the peer transmit signal by using the local receiver.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a channel bandwidth switching method and network equipment. In the method, an MSE is acquired; a target bandwidth of a first space link is acquired according to the MSE and a correspondence between the target bandwidth of the space link and the MSE; in a case in which the signal has an interfering signal outside the operating bandwidth, the interfering signal is acquired; it is determined, according to the interfering signal and an error-free threshold, whether the operating bandwidth can be switched to the target bandwidth of the first space link; and if it is determined that the operating bandwidth can be switched to the target bandwidth of the first space link, information that carries the target bandwidth of the first space link is sent to the second network element, thereby avoiding a problem such as interruption of signal transmission.

Abstract: It is possible to reduce overhead when dynamically establishing an air interface configuration by communicating a modification instruction along with an index associated with a predefine air interface configuration. The modification instruction identifies a modification to one or more parameters of the predefined air interface configuration associated with the index. Together, the index and the modification indication specify a modified air interface configuration that is different than any of the candidate air interface configurations predefined for the network. The modification instruction allows networks to achieve similar degrees of flexibility while using substantially fewer predefined air interface configurations, which in turn permits the index associated with the selected air interface configuration to be signaled using fewer bits.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for transmitting data and a method and apparatus for receiving data, wherein said methods transmit/receive a reference signal in sub-frames bundled for data transmission/reception using at least an identical precoding matrix, an identical reference signal sequence, an identical reference signal generating identifier, or an identical reference signal scrambling sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for codebook sub-sampling. In various implementations, a wireless terminal receives a reference signal, determines, based on the reference signal, a first precoding index i2 for a first subband and a second precoding index i?2 for a second subband. The wireless terminal transmits a representation of i2 and a representation of i?2 to a base station. In various implementations, i?2 belongs to the set Si2 which, in one implementation, equals {mod(i2?K1+k,K), k=0, 1, . . . , K2}, where K1>1, and where K2>1 and K>1 are integers. According to an implementation, the wireless terminal receives the reference signal from a first base station and transmits the representations of i2 and i?2 to a second base station.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for supporting a variable bandwidth in a wireless communication system. A wireless device receives first system information in a base band and receives second system information in a limited band. The first system information comprises information indicating the limited band.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a pilot pattern capable of perform adaptive channel estimation, and a method and apparatus of a base station and a method and apparatus of a terminal using the pilot pattern. The pilot pattern selects pilot symbol positions based on distances from pilots of previous orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) symbols to a subcarrier position of a current OFDMA symbol in the frequency domain and the time domain, so that a low pilot density is maintained so as to effectively transmit data, and stable channel estimation performance can be obtained even in a bad channel environment. In addition, the minimum burst allocation size is determined according to the channel environment between the base station and the terminal, guaranteeing channel estimation performance suitable for the channel environment, and improving granularity, channel estimation latency, and channel estimation memory size.

Abstract: A communication device comprises a storage unit for storing instructions and a processing means coupled to the storage unit. The processing means is configured to execute the instructions stored in the storage unit. The instructions comprise detecting energy of a set of subcarriers in an unlicensed band; obtaining a value according to a statistical function of the energy; and transmitting a report comprising the value to a network.

Abstract: Techniques are described for wireless communication. One method includes determining a set of uplink (UL) component carriers (CCs) to use for a user equipment (UE). The set of UL CCs may include at least one UL CC in a first radio frequency spectrum band and at least one UL CC in a second radio frequency spectrum band. The method further includes identifying, for a subframe, uplink control information (UCI) due for transmission, the UCI associated with one or more CCs, and limiting available UL CCs for transmission of the UCI to the at least one UL CC in the first radio frequency spectrum band.

Abstract: Provided is a radio communication base station device which can suppress a use amount of an SRS communication resource. In this device, a correlation rule setting unit (102) sets a rule for correlating a preamble with an SRS transmission time interval so that the preamble transmission time band and the SRS transmission time band are in the same transmission time band. An SRS transmission band decision unit (103) decides a time interval of a transmission time band which can transmit the SRS according to the preamble transmission time interval inputted from a preamble transmission band decision unit (101) and the correlation rule setting unit (102).

Abstract: A first communication device transmits a first control frame to multiple second communication devices via a wireless communication medium, wherein the first control frame i) indicates to other communication devices that the wireless communication medium is reserved for a first time period, and ii) indicates that the second communication devices are requested to simultaneously transmit respective second control frames to the first communication device via the wireless communication medium, wherein the second control frames are to include information indicating to other communication devices that the wireless communication medium is reserved for a second time period that is a subset of the first time period.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides techniques for signaling sets of virtual cell IDs available for use in communicating with UEs. Such knowledge may allow a UE to enhance processing its own downlink channels when similar downlink channels for other UEs are multiplexed within the same physical resource block (PRB).

Abstract: A transmitting device for transmitting data symbols and pilot symbols in an OFDM transmission system; the device comprising symbol generating means for generating said data symbols and said pilot symbols, means for transmitting said data symbols and pilot symbols respectively by using a plurality of subcarriers of said OFDM transmission system, wherein said symbol generating means is designed to selectively generate a first type pilot symbol and a second type pilot symbol being orthogonal to said first type pilot symbol so that a pilot symbol pattern in the frequency dimension comprises at least said first type pilot symbol to be transmitted by using a predefined subcarrier and second type pilot symbol to be transmitted by using other predefined subcarrier, and wherein said pilot symbol pattern has a different pattern from a succeeding pilot symbol pattern in time dimension.

Abstract: Various embodiments can include apparatus or methods to operate and provide detection packages. In various embodiments, detection packages may include an illuminating device, a photodetector, and an optical coupling component disposed between the illuminating device and the photodetector, where the optical coupling component can be structured to enhance the coupling of light from the illuminating device to the photodetector. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for FFT/IFFT computation, comprising: identifying whether grouping data is needed based on data bitwidth distribution in a set of data, wherein the set of data includes data in a stage of a FFT/IFFT computation; assigning different data representations including effective bit and group index for data identified in different groups if grouping is needed, wherein data in a group have same exponent, and data in different groups have different exponents; and outputting a signal indicating the exponent; for each of a plurality of short sequence FFT/IFFT computation—decomposing data used in present short sequence FFT/IFFT computation into at least a first multi-bit part and a second multi-bit part; respectively calculating FFT/IFFT computation results for the first multi-bit part and the second multi-bit part; adding the FFT/IFFT computation results for the first and the second multi-bit part; scanning a plurality of short sequence FFT/IFFT computation added results.

Abstract: Using a transformation based at least in part on a non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, data may be transmitted over a data bus in a manner that is resilient to one or more types of signal noise, that does not require a common reference at the transmission and acquisition points, and/or that has a pin-efficiency that is greater than 50% and may approach that of single-ended signaling. Such transformations may be implemented in hardware in an efficient manner. Hybrid transformers that apply such transformations to selected subsets of signals to be transmitted may be used to adapt to various signal set sizes and/or transmission environment properties including noise and physical space requirements of given transmission environments.

Abstract: A wireless receiving device removes signals of a redundant portion of each symbol of a transmission signal to extract signals of a data portion. The wireless receiving device linearly approximates, for each symbol, the overall variation in phase rotation of the symbol calculated by using the signals of the data portion to estimate the amount of phase rotation per time unit of the data portion. Subsequently, the wireless receiving device individually corrects each of the signals of the data portion according to the estimated amount of phase rotation per time unit to correct the signals of the data portion in a single symbol and over a plurality of symbols accordingly on a packet-by-packet basis. The signals of the data portion thus corrected are converted to subcarrier signals.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a low power receiver. The receiver includes a first channel that receives an RF signal and generates an input signal. The receiver also includes a second channel and a packet detection circuit. The packet detection circuit is coupled to the first channel and the second channel. The packet detection circuit detects a valid packet in the input signal, and activates the second channel on detection of the valid packet.

Abstract: An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system is provided which includes a data processing unit which generates a transmission signal using a plurality of tones including a reserved tone, a storage unit which stores Peak Reduction Kernel information according to the type of data symbol, and a compensation unit which retrieves the Peak Reduction Kernel information according to the type of data symbol from the storage unit and causes the retrieved information to be carried by the reserved tone included in the transmission signal. Therefore, a Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) can be efficiently compensated.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method of a wireless device for interference cancellation (IC) in a cellular radio network system comprising a serving network node serving said wireless device. The method comprises using a first IC method for at least partly removing a time aligned symbol of an interfering radio signal from at least a first symbol of a time slot received from the serving network node. The method also comprises using a second IC method, different from the first IC method, for at least partly removing a non-time aligned symbol of an interfering radio signal from at least a second symbol of said time slot received from the serving network node.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assigning resources in a wireless communication system are provided. First data addressed to a first wireless device can be encoded by multiplying the first data with a first masking code. In addition, second data addressed to a second wireless device can be encoded by multiplying the second data with a second masking. The encoded first data can be assigned to a first resource element of a resource block. The encoded second data can be assigned to a second resource element of the resource block. Alternatively, the encoded first and second data can be assigned to the same resource element of a single resource block. The resource block can be transmitted to the first wireless device and the second wireless device.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The method for transmitting broadcast signals, the method comprising encoding service data, encoding signaling data, building at least one signal frame including the encoded service data and the encoded signaling data; modulating data in the built at least one signal frame by an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) scheme and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the modulating step includes performing a power normalization for each OFDM symbol in a time domain.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a coordinated scheduling method which includes that: a base station establishes the correspondences between sub-bands and spatial information, and communicates the correspondences between sub-bands and spatial information with the base station of a cooperative cell (301); said base station implements coordinated scheduling with the base station of said cooperative cell according to the correspondences between sub-bands and spatial information (302). The present invention implements that less scheduling information is transmitted via an X2 interface, and thus promotes the application of the CBF solution in an actual system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing wireless backhaul transport. One element of the system is a highly integrated radio transceiver, including an integrated antenna. The radio transceiver may operate in the millimeter wave range (between 30 GHz and 300 GHz), and due to the small wavelengths, it is possible to integrate the antenna, which may typically compromise a number of antenna elements, with the radio transceiver in a single integrated circuit (IC) package, commonly referred to as a system-in-package (SiP) and/or antenna-in-package (AiP) format. The system supports multi-hop point-to-multipoint or multi-hop mesh networking topologies. Low level MAC routing tables are built and maintained to enable efficient packet and frame forwarding.

Abstract: A technique for receiving and transmitting downlink reference signals is disclosed. When transmitting downlink data demodulation reference signals (DMRS) (or reference signals for downlink data demodulation) by using two or more layers, the DMRS of each layer may be multiplexed by using a code division multiplexing method and then transmitted. The DMRS for each of the two or more layers may be used for one user equipment or for two or more user equipments. And, downlink control signals for transmitting and receiving such DMRS may be configured to have the same format regardless of a single-user mode (or SU-MIMO mode) or a multi-user mode (or MU-MIMO mode), thereby being used.

Abstract: A method and apparatus reduce latency of Long Term Evolution (LTE) uplink transmissions. A Downlink Control Information (DCI) message can be received in a first subframe. The DCI message can indicate a resource assignment and a modulation and coding scheme and can indicate a plurality of cyclic shifts from which a User Equipment (UE) may select one cyclic shift for transmission in a second subframe for an uplink carrier. A cyclic shift can be selected from the plurality of indicated cyclic shifts based on a selection criterion. A data packet can be transmitted on a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in a resource indicated by the resource assignment and modulation and coding scheme using a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) based on the selected cyclic shift in the second subframe on the uplink carrier.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a reference signal by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. The UE generates an uplink reference signal in a subframe comprising first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in frequency domain. The UE transmits the uplink reference signal to a base station in the third, fourth and fifth OFDM symbols. The transmitted uplink reference signal is hopped in the frequency domain, based on a cell specific hopping parameter.

Abstract: In a wireless communication base station device, a modulation unit carries out modulation processing for Dch data after coding to generate a Dch data symbol. A modulation unit carries out modulation processing for Lch data after coding to generate an Lch data symbol. An allocation unit allocates the Dch data symbol and Lch data symbol to each sub-carrier composing an OFDM symbol and outputs the allocated sub-carrier to a multiplex unit. In this case, the allocation unit allocates the Dch data symbol to a plurality of resource blocks where one Dch is arranged at an interval equal to integral multiples of the number of resource blocks composing a resource block group.

Abstract: A method (700) for processing resource blocks in a receiver may include receiving (701) a signal comprising transmissions from a plurality of radio cells, wherein received samples of the signal are arranged in a plurality of resource blocks (300); forming (702) a plurality of clusters ({xi,jN}) based on a similarity criterion with respect to the plurality of resource blocks (300); and assigning (703) each resource block of the plurality of resource blocks (300) to one cluster of the plurality of clusters ({xi,jN}).

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include methods, articles, and apparatuses to provide information related to channels transmitted and received according to a wireless communications protocol. One embodiment of the invention provides a method comprising generating channel offset information corresponding to an extension channel within a channel of a wireless communications protocol, and transmitting the channel offset information as part of channel information to be transmitted to one or more remote devices communicating according to the wireless communications protocol. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: Selective processing of one or more packets to be transmitted from a wireless communication device to another wireless communication device is effective to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmission. The one or more packets are transmitted via two or more sub-bands of an available transmission medium. The number of coefficients or factors within that sequence corresponds to the number of sub-bands via which the one or more packets are to be transmitted. Also, a phase ramp or time-domain cyclic shift may be added to one or more of the packets after having undergone multiplication by one of the coefficients or factors within the sequence.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program for transmitting at least two payloads in a downstream traffic phase of a time-division duplex (TDD) cycle with a single preamble from a headend followed by concatenated payloads without intervening preambles, whereby the payloads are ranked by increasing modulation profiles. The preamble, and concatenated and ordered set of payloads are then transmitted to two or more predetermined customer premise equipments (CPEs).

Abstract: A technique detects an abnormal signal in a compound sampled signal recorded in the time domain. The technique involves dividing the sampled signal recorded in the time domain into sample segments; transforming each of the sample segments from the time domain into the frequency domain to determine transformed segments, each transformed segment having frequency points, each frequency point having an amplitude associated with a certain frequency; for a frequency point in a given transformed segment, determining a ratio by dividing the amplitude of the frequency point by a value indicative of an average of the amplitudes of the frequency points at the same frequency across transformed segments; repeating the determination of a ratio for frequency points in each transformed segment to determine ratios for each transformed segment; repeating the determination of ratios for transformed segments; and using the ratios to detect the abnormal signal in the compound sampled signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system. In particular, in a time division multi-cell cooperative communication system, a base station may receive a reference signal, estimate a channel of each user terminal based on the reference signal, and determine a transmission and reception filter based on estimated channel information. The base station and a cooperative base station that cooperates with the base station may mutually exchange the reference signal and average signal power information on a terminal and determine the transmission and reception filter based on exchanged information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and, more specifically, to a method and an apparatus for reporting channel status information (CSI). Particularly, the method by which a terminal in the wireless communication system reports the CSI, comprises the steps of: receiving a reference signal from a base station; and reporting, to the base station, the CSI generated by using the reference signal, wherein the CSI includes channel information for a plurality of antenna ports mapped according to a first parameter, and the first parameter is a value related to vertical domain antenna ports indicated through upper layer signaling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting and a method of receiving signals an corresponding apparatus. One aspect of the present invention relates to an efficient L1 signaling method for an efficient transmitter and an efficient receiver using the efficient L1 signaling method for an efficient cable broadcasting.