Abstract: Method and apparatus for carrying out the method receiving packets, each of the packets comprising a header and a payload. For a particular packet among the packets, the method includes processing at least the header of the particular packet to determine a flow associated with the particular packet; attempting to determine a payload structure based on the flow, the payload structure associated with transport of coded video data in the payload of the particular packet; and if the attempting is successful, repackaging coded video data contained in the payload of the particular packet into a new packet and forwarding the new packet to an external system or storing the new packet in memory.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide novel circuits for recording data messages received by a data plane circuit of a forwarding element in an external memory outside of the data plane circuit. The external memory in some embodiments is outside of the forwarding element. In some embodiments, the data plane circuit encapsulates the received data messages that should be recorded with encapsulation headers, inserts into these headers addresses that identify locations for storing these data messages in a memory external to the data plane circuit, and forwards these encapsulated data messages so that these messages can be stored in the external memory by another circuit. Instead of encapsulating received data messages for storage, the data plane circuit in some embodiments encapsulates copies of the received data messages for storage. Accordingly, in these embodiments, the data plane circuit makes copies of the data messages that it needs to record.

Abstract: An information handling system may include an air mover configured to drive a flow of air and a processing component communicatively coupled to the air mover for controlling operation of the air mover via a first wire configured to communicate analog air mover speed commands from the processing component to the air mover for controlling a speed of the air mover and a second wire configured to communicate analog tachometer information from the air mover to the processing component. At least one of the air mover and the processing component may be configured to initiate a mode for serial digital communication via the first wire and the second wire. The air mover and the processing component may be configured to communicate information to each other in accordance with a digital communication protocol via the first wire and the second wire during the mode for serial digital communication.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable medium including a video game processing program for causing a server to perform functions regarding a search of a moving route in a virtual space is provided. The functions include a setting function, an arranging function, a thinning function, and a searching function. The setting function is configured to set a navigation mesh corresponding to a movable area of an object in a virtual space. The arranging function is configured to arrange a plurality of waypoints on the set navigation mesh in accordance with a predetermined arrangement rule. The thinning function is configured to thin out some waypoints, which are selected in accordance with a predetermined selection rule, from the plurality of waypoints thus arranged. The searching function is configured to search a moving route of the object on a basis of arrangement of the plurality of thinned waypoints.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable medium including a video game processing program for causing a server to perform functions regarding a search of a moving route in a virtual space is provided. The functions include a setting function, an arranging function, a thinning function, and a searching function. The setting function is configured to set a navigation mesh corresponding to a movable area of an object in a virtual space. The arranging function is configured to arrange a plurality of waypoints on the set navigation mesh in accordance with a predetermined arrangement rule. The thinning function is configured to thin out some waypoints, which are selected in accordance with a predetermined selection rule, from the plurality of waypoints thus arranged. The searching function is configured to search a moving route of the object on a basis of arrangement of the plurality of thinned waypoints.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an electronic device including a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The at least one processor is configured to execute a daemon process in one of a container or a host operating system, wherein the daemon process is configured to manage data transfer between the container and the host operating system, create, via the daemon process, an inter-process communication (IPC) channel between the container and the host operating system, receive incoming audio data, and buffer the incoming audio data to the IPC channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining link bifurcation availability implemented in a computer system includes assigning, by a controller, lanes that include links for one or more components connected in accordance with a current known configuration. The controller transmits ordered sets including the assignments to the one or more components which are received by the one or more components. The one or more components respond with a first link to the controller. Based upon the links received by the controller not meeting the current known configuration, the controller issues an interrupt and is reconfigured.

Abstract: System and techniques for secure edge-cloud function-as-a-service (FaaS) are described herein. A FaaS node may receive a request to execute a function. The FaaS node executes the function and enters a result of the function execution into a blockchain. Here, the blockchain is accessible to a plurality of FaaS architectural nodes.

Abstract: The invention describes a light conversion device comprising: a light converter, wherein the light converter is adapted to convert primary light to converted light, wherein a peak emission wavelength of the converted light is in a longer wavelength range than a peak emission wavelength of the primary light, a reflective structure attached to at least a part of a front surface of the light converter, wherein the front surface defines a light emission surface of the light conversion device, wherein the reflective structure is arranged to reflect a defined part of the converted light, wherein the defined part of the converted light is characterized by a wavelength above a threshold wavelength, and wherein the light conversion device is arranged to emit at least a part of the defined part of the converted light via the light emission surface such that a color point of light emitted via the light emission surface is shifted to a longer wavelength range than obtained without emission of such part.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a method and apparatus are configured to receive information associated with a path from a first node to a second node; and generate a set of one or more segment identifiers at least one of which is in an address space having a span in a current region in which the first node resides, and is configured for use in identifying a next region, wherein the set of one or more segment identifiers encodes the path.

Abstract: A technique efficiently selects a path computation element (PCE) to compute a path between nodes of a computer network. The PCE selection technique is illustratively based on dynamic advertisements of the PCE's available path computation resources, namely a predictive response time (PRT). To that end, the novel technique enables one or more PCEs to dynamically send (advertise) their available path computation resources to one or more path computation clients (PCCs). In addition, the technique enables the PCC to efficiently select a PCE (or set of PCEs) to service a path computation request based upon those available resources.

Abstract: A peer policy object named with a policy enforcement metric context identifier is created at a first policy enforcement point (PEP) platform of a group of peered PEP platforms. The peer policy object uniquely identifies a registered service policy to be enforced during runtime as a shared runtime policy enforcement activity by the group of peered PEP platforms within a peered policy enforcement deployment. The peer policy object named with the policy enforcement metric context identifier is deployed to at least one other peered PEP platform within the peered policy enforcement deployment to initiate the shared runtime policy enforcement activity by the group of peered PEP platforms. At least one runtime policy enforcement metric associated with runtime enforcement of the registered service policy is shared with the at least one other peered PEP platform during runtime using the policy enforcement metric context identifier.

Abstract: An example electronic device may include a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) connector that includes a number of lane ports that may be arranged in a row. Physical lane numbers of the lane ports in a first half of the row may be in either an ascending order or a descending order from a first end of the row toward a middle of the row. Physical lane numbers of the lane ports in a second half of the row may be in either a descending order or an ascending order from the middle of the row toward a second end of the row. The order of the second half may be ascending when the order of the first half is descending, and the order of the second half may be descending when the order of the first half is ascending.

Abstract: In an example, a method for managing a virtual network is provided. According to the method, first and second domains are respectively created for heterogeneous first and second hypervisor mangers. The first hypervisor manager manages a first virtual machine (VM) and first virtual switch (vSwitch) The second hypervisor manager manages a second VM and a second vSwitch. Based on topology of the virtual network, topology management information may be created, which comprises first and second virtual network topology information respectively for the first and second domains, and first and second configuration information respectively for the first and second vSwitches. The topology management information may be distributed to the first and second hypervisor mangers after being associated with the first and second domains, so to the first and second vSwitches implement packet forwarding between the first and second VMs according to the first and second configuration information respectively.

Abstract: In this device: a gain calculator (101) uses a function in which the variable is a first resource amount from among the resource amounts possessed by an operator in question, and calculates a second resource amount at which the maximum gain is reached in the function of the operator to which the device in question belongs, the first resource amount being a resource amount allocated to a terminal belonging to another operator; a transmitter/receiver (102) transmits the second resource amount to the manager (300), and receives, from the manager (300), the minimum value among second resource amounts calculated in each of the operators; and the allocation unit (103) allocates resources to the signal of the terminal belonging to the operator in question and to the terminal belonging to the other operator on the basis of the minimum value among the second resource amounts calculated by each of the operators.

Abstract: Apparatus adapted for exascale computers are disclosed. The apparatus includes, but is not limited to at least one of: a system, data processor chip (DPC), Landing module (LM), chips including LM, anticipator chips, simultaneous multi-processor (SMP) cores, SMP channel (SMPC) cores, channels, bundles of channels, printed circuit boards (PCB) including bundles, floating point adders, accumulation managers, QUAD Link Anticipating Memory (QUADLAM), communication networks extended by coupling links of QUADLAM, log 2 calculators, exp2 calculators, log ALU, Non-Linear Accelerator (NLA), and stairways. Methods of algorithm and program development, verification and debugging are also disclosed. Collectively, embodiments of these elements disclose a class of supercomputers that obsolete Amdahl's Law, providing cabinets of petaflop performance and systems that may meet or exceed an exaflop of performance for Block LU Decomposition (Linpack).

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein provide for hot swappable connections to various storage devices. In one embodiment, a storage controller includes an interface operable to connect to at least one of a storage device and a midplane connected to a plurality of Non Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) storage devices. The storage controller also includes a processor operable to detect when the interface is connected to the mid-plane, to determine that the NVMe storage devices each have a x4 NVMe connection, and to communicate sideband signaling, including a reference clock, to the NVMe storage devices through the midplane via Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) upon determining that the NVMe storage devices each have a x4 NVMe connection.

Abstract: On a typical motherboard the processor and memory are separated by a printed circuit data bus that traverses the motherboard. Throughput, or data transfer rate, on the data bus is much lower than the rate at which a modern processor can operate. The difference between the data bus throughput and the processor speed significantly limits the effective processing speed of the computer when the processor is required to process large amounts of data stored in the memory. The processor is forced to wait for data to be transferred to or from the memory, leaving the processor under-utilized. The delays are compounded in a distributed computing system including a number of computers operating in parallel. The present disclosure describes systems, method and apparatus that tend to alleviate delays so that memory access bottlenecks are not compounded within distributed computing systems.

Abstract: A switch system configured to switch Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) client services includes interface circuitry configured to ingress and egress FlexE clients; and switch circuitry communicatively coupled to the interface circuitry and configured to switch portions of the FlexE clients utilizing a cell switch and Optical Transport Network (OTN) over Packet (OPF) techniques. A method of switching Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) client services includes ingressing and egressing FlexE clients via interface circuitry; interfacing the FlexE clients with switch circuitry communicatively coupled to the interface circuitry; and switching portions of the FlexE clients with the switch circuitry utilizing a cell switch and Optical Transport Network (OTN) over Packet (OPF) techniques.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to system-on-chip (SoC) optimization through transformation and generation of a network-on-chip (NoC) topology. The present disclosure enables transformation from physical placement to logical placement to satisfy bandwidth requirements while maintaining lowest area and lowest routing with minimum cost (wiring and buffering) and latency. In an aspect, method according to the present application includes the steps of receiving at least a floor plan description of an System-on-Chips (SoCs), transforming said floor plan description into at least one logical grid layout of one or more rows and one or more columns, optimizing a number of said one or more rows and said one or more columns based at least on any or combination of a power, an area, or a performance to obtain an optimized transformed logical grid layout, and generating said Network-on-Chip (NoC) topology at least from said optimized transformed logical grid layout.

Abstract: A method for performing outer loop power control in wireless communications includes initializing a time interval clock to count down a predetermined time interval; receiving and decoding a channel quality indicator (CQI) message; computing a decision metric value for each symbol in the decoded CQI message; determining whether the CQI message is erroneous; counting a number of erroneous CQI messages; and signaling a wireless/transmit receive unit to adjust an uplink transmission power on a condition that the time interval clock has expired and the number of erroneous CQI messages exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A smart communications controller for alternative energy equipment includes an equipment port connected to the alternative energy equipment and a plurality of autoconfiguration objects. Each of the autoconfiguration objects is configured to perform a protocol testing process for a particular communications protocol. The protocol testing process includes automatically determining whether the communications protocol is used by the alternative energy equipment connected to the equipment port. The smart communications controller further includes an autoconfiguration manager configured to cause the autoconfiguration objects to iteratively perform their protocol testing processes until the communications protocol used by the alternative energy equipment is identified.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining hours of utility of an application per amount of energy consumed by the application for a wide variety of device types. For each subsystem of a client device, a model of the subsystem is used to estimate a portion of the total energy consumed by the subsystem during a predetermined period of time. Energy consumed by a subsystem is apportioned to one or more applications or daemons that utilize the subsystem. Energy usage by a daemon is apportioned to one or more applications that the daemon performs work on behalf of. A large sample of application energy consumption information is gathered by an energy server and provided to an application information server that is accessible by developers. Thus, a developer can view energy consumption vs. application utility, by client device type and by subsystem for the client device type.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe using an intermediate distribution frame (IDF) which is connected between a central controller and a plurality radio heads which each include at least one antenna for wireless communication with a user device. Instead of running separate cables to each of the radio heads, a single cable can be used to connect the IDF to the central controller and then separate cables can be used to connect the IDF to the radio heads. If the IDF is disposed near the radio heads, the amount of cables can be reduced. Moreover, the IDF may recover a clock signal used by the central controller and forward that clock to the plurality of radio head in order to synchronize the radio heads to the central controller.

Abstract: A radio transmitter system includes: a transmitter for deriving a carrier frequency modulated by an input; an electrically short antenna system, and a matching network between the transmitter and antenna system. The matching network includes: a primary circuit responsive to the transmitter, a secondary circuit including the antenna system, and magnetic or capacitive coupling between the primary and secondary circuits. The magnetic coupling is an air core transformer having first and second windings respectively included in the primary and secondary circuits. The matching network has a voltage versus frequency response including at least two horns spaced from each other such that the matching network has a pass band approximately equal to the modulation bandwidth.

Abstract: A method for queue management in a packet-switched network including at an intermediate node receiving first packets belonging to a first class associated with a first queue management mechanism and second packets belonging to a second class associated with a second queue management mechanism; marking or dropping of the first packets in accordance with the first queue management mechanism and marking or dropping of the second packets in accordance with the second queue management mechanism; and coupling the marking or dropping of the second packets to the marking or dropping of the first packets.

Abstract: A system and method for sharing a communications link between multiple protocols is described. A system includes a communications interface configured to exchange information with other systems using at least one of a plurality of protocols; a protocol select register that stores a value that selects a protocol from among the plurality of protocols to become an active protocol; and a state machine accessible to the communications interface, the state machine used to control the exchange of information through the communications interface according to the active protocol. The active protocol is used by the communications interface to exchange information while the remaining protocols of the plurality of protocols remain inactive. The state machine sequences through a series of states that cause the communications interface to operate according to the active protocol, and that are designated as inert sequences under the remaining protocols.

Abstract: In some embodiments, improved routing strategies for small-world network-on-chip (SWNoC) systems are provided. In some embodiments, an ALASH routing strategy or an MROOTS strategy are used in order to improve latency, temperature, and energy use within a network-on-chip system. In some embodiments, millimeter-wave wireless transceivers are used to implement the long-distance links within the small-world network, to create a millimeter-wave small-world network-on-chip (mSWNoC) system. In some embodiments, non-coherent on-off keying (OOK) wireless transceivers are used to implement the wireless links.

Abstract: In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method that comprises automatic generation of a NoC from specified topological information based on projecting NoC elements of the NoC onto a grid layout. In an aspect, the specified topological information, including specification of putting constraints on positions/locations of NoC elements and links thereof, can be input by a user in real space, and can then be projected on the grid layout.

Abstract: A communication system includes a control device and a plurality of electric units configured to be connected to the control device respectively to communicate with each other, and each of the plurality of electric units having a unique identifier. Each of the plurality of electric units comprises a resistor configured to set the corresponding identifiers. The respective resistors of the plurality of electric units are connected to each other in series to form a setting circuit. The control device is configured to determine the corresponding identifiers of the plurality of respective electric units based on magnitudes of respective voltages applied to the plurality of respective resistors in the setting circuit, and to send signals indicating the determined identifiers to the plurality of electric units, respectively.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus receives control information on one or more control channel elements (CCEs) with consecutive CCE number(s). The radio communication apparatus first-spreads a response signal with a sequence defined by a cyclic shift value that is determined among a plurality of cyclic shift values from an index of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), which is associated with a first CCE number of the one or more CCEs, and second-spreads the first-spread response signal with an orthogonal sequence that is determined among a plurality of orthogonal sequences from the index. One of cyclic shift values used for an orthogonal sequence is determined from an index of the PUCCH, which is associated with an odd CCE number, and another one of the cyclic shift values used for the same orthogonal sequence is determined from an index of the PUCCH, which is associated with an even CCE number.

Abstract: An information handling system is provided. The information handling system includes systems and methods for expanding the port count in a single Fiber Channel domain by adding modular Fiber Channel switches. Such a system includes a system enclosure that contains a plurality of Fiber Channel modules configured to send and receive Fiber Channel packets, the Fiber Channel modules providing a plurality of Fiber Channel ports and a switch processor coupled to the plurality of Fiber Channel ports and to a plurality of Ethernet ports. The switch processor is configured to apply a stacking header to Fiber Channel packets for transmission from one of the plurality of Ethernet ports over a stacking link to another switch processor in another system enclosure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a system for accessing data by a client device in a distributed network system having a central server system, at least one client device, and at least one business object server. The client device and business object server are coupled to the central server system via a communication network. In the business object server, a number of business objects are stored. Each business object server includes a number of offices; each business object is assigned to an office in the respective business object server. The central server system receives an access request message, which includes at least one unique client identifier; the central server system determines at least one access authorization by means of the client identifier, and generates access instructions for the business objects, which the client device is allowed to access. The business objects are read and are transmitted to the client device.

Abstract: A smart communications controller for building equipment includes an equipment port connected to the building equipment and a plurality of autoconfiguration objects. Each of the autoconfiguration objects is configured to perform a protocol testing process for a particular communications protocol. The protocol testing process includes automatically determining whether the communications protocol is used by the building equipment connected to the equipment port. The smart communications controller further includes an autoconfiguration manager configured to cause the autoconfiguration objects to iteratively perform their protocol testing processes until the communications protocol used by the building equipment is identified. The smart communications controller further includes an equipment controller configured to use the identified communications protocol for the building equipment to generate protocol-specific control signals for the building equipment.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling communication between a virtualized network and non-virtualized entities using a virtualization gateway. A packet is sent by a virtual machine in the virtualized network to a non-virtualized entity. The packet is routed by the host of the virtual machine to a provider address of the virtualization gateway. The gateway translates the provider address of the gateway to a destination address of the non-virtualized entity and sends the packet to the non-virtualized entity. The non-virtualized entity may be a physical resource, such as a physical server or a storage device. The physical resource may be dedicated to one customer or may be shared among customers.

Abstract: A print control system 1 includes a control server 10 that opens a communication path for asynchronous duplex communication, generates print data, and outputs the generated print data by the opened communication path; and a printer 12 that opens a communication path, receives the print data by the opened communication path, and prints based on the received print data.

Abstract: A method for performing outer loop power control in wireless communications includes initializing a time interval clock to count down a predetermined time interval; receiving and decoding a channel quality indicator (CQI) message; computing a decision metric value for each symbol in the decoded CQI message; determining whether the CQI message is erroneous; counting a number of erroneous CQI messages; and signaling a wireless/transmit receive unit to adjust an uplink transmission power on a condition that the time interval clock has expired and the number of erroneous CQI messages exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for configuring an integrated circuit (IC) chip to implement a protocol stack. In an embodiment, a transaction layer of the IC chip is operable to exchange with a link layer of the IC chip transaction layer packets (TLPs) having a format compatible with one defined in a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express™ (PCIe™) specification. Configuration circuitry of the IC chip provides for configuration of a first protocol stack including the transaction layer, circuitry of the link layer and a first physical layer of the IC chip. The configuration circuitry further provides for an alternative configuration of a second protocol stack including the transaction layer, circuitry of the link layer and a second physical layer of the IC chip. In another embodiment, the first protocol stack supports single-ended signaling to communicate TLP information, whereas the second protocol stack supports differential signaling to communicate TLP information.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for providing an error-specific advertisement at a client computer. According to one embodiment, a method, implemented in a computer system, of providing an error-specific advertisement at a client computer is provided. The method may include determining that an error has occurred, identifying an advertisement for a product or a service relating to resolution of the error and/or generating an error message. The error message may include the advertisement and information regarding the error.

Abstract: System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data over a multi-wire data communications link, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. A clock extracted from a first sequence of symbols transmitted on a first lane of a multi-lane interface is used to receive and decode the first sequence of symbols and to receive and decode data and/or symbols transmitted on a second lane of the multilane interface. The clock signal may be derived from transitions in the signaling state of N wires between consecutive pairs of symbols in the first sequence of symbols. The first lane may be encoded using N! encoding and the second lane may be a serial or N! link.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for communicating between a host and an agent. The method includes the step of performing a first transaction between a host controller and a hub. The hub is operable to perform a single transaction with an agent based on the first transaction. The method then includes the step of performing a second transaction between the host controller and the hub. The second transaction is based on the single transaction.

Abstract: The present disclosure is applied to the field of communications, and provides a channel assignment, acquisition method and system, the assignment method including: selecting at least one idle channel from idle channels of a multi-channel sharing system as a control channel; sending an idle signal to the control channel, the idle signal identifying that the control channel is a control channel for a customer premise equipment (CPE) to be positioned therein in a preset positioning manner; and upon receipt of a communication request from a CPE positioned to the control channel, assigning the control channel to the CPE. The present disclosure, by selecting one idle channel as a control channel, positioning a CPE to the control channel after the CPE scans the control channel, and conducting communication through the control channel, can not only achieve dynamic assignment of the channel, but also make the amount of computation of the dynamic assignment small and control complexity of the dynamic assignment lower.

Abstract: An optics device port configuration system includes a switch. A first optics device and a second optics device are connected to the switch. A cable connects the first optics device and the second optics device to provide a link. The switch determines that an optics type of the first optics device is unavailable. In response, the switch applies each of a plurality of fiber optics configurations on the switch until either the link becomes available or each of the fiber optics configurations have been applied without the link becoming available. In response to each of the fiber optics configurations having been applied without the link becoming available, the switch applies each a plurality of copper optics configurations on the switch until the link becomes available. In response to the link becoming available, the switch provides at least one setting on the switch until errors are not occurring on the link.

Abstract: A REC unit manages card information on each of L1 cards handling a physical channel, L2-1 cards handling a logical channel, and L2-2 cards in which a scheduling function for communication processing performed with respect to the L1 card and/or the L2-1 card is implemented. A call control card of the REC unit selects, for each of first to third channels, a processing card establishing a signal path relevant to the logical channel from among the L1 card, the L2-1 card, and the L2-2 card. The call control card transmits connection relation information indicating a combination of the processing cards selected to each processing card. On the basis of the connection relation information received from the call control card, each processing card establishes the signal path for each of the first to third channels relevant to the logical channel between the processing cards.

Abstract: A method for performing outer loop power control in wireless communications includes initializing a time interval clock to count down a predetermined time interval; receiving and decoding a channel quality indicator (CQI) message; computing a decision metric value for each symbol in the decoded CQI message; determining whether the CQI message is erroneous; counting a number of erroneous CQI messages; and signaling a wireless/transmit receive unit to adjust an uplink transmission power on a condition that the time interval clock has expired and the number of erroneous CQI messages exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting congestion in a network of nodes, abating the network congestion, and identifying the cause of the network congestion is provided. A congestion detection system may comprise a detection system, an abatement system, and a causation system. The detection system monitors the performance of network components such as the network interface controllers and tiles of routers to determine whether the network is congested such that a delay in delivering packets becomes unacceptable. Upon detecting that the network is congested, an abatement system abates the congestion by limiting the rate at which packets are injected into the network from the nodes. Upon detecting that the network is congested, a causation system may identify the job that is executing on a node that is the cause of the network congestion.

Abstract: An information handling system is provided. The information handling system includes systems and methods for expanding the port count in a single Fiber Channel domain by adding modular Fiber Channel switches. Such a system includes a system enclosure that contains a plurality of Fiber Channel modules configured to send and receive Fiber Channel packets, the Fiber Channel modules providing a plurality of Fiber Channel ports and a switch processor coupled to the plurality of Fiber Channel ports and to a plurality of Ethernet ports. The switch processor is configured to apply a stacking header to Fiber Channel packets for transmission from one of the plurality of Ethernet ports over a stacking link to another switch processor in another system enclosure.

Abstract: A system for switching between first and second voltage supply units, the system may include a first interface unit that is connected between a first voltage supply unit and an output unit, a second interface unit that is connected between a second voltage supply unit and the output unit; a controller that is arranged to select a selected voltage supply unit and to instruct the first and second interface units and the output unit to facilitate a provision of a selected supply voltage provided from the selected voltage supply unit to a load coupled to the output unit. Each interface unit may include a positive input port, a negative input port, a positive output port and a negative output port. The negative and positive output ports of the first interface unit are isolated from the negative and positive output ports of the second interface unit, respectively.

Abstract: A print control system 1 includes a control server 10 that opens a communication path for asynchronous duplex communication, generates print data, and outputs the generated print data by the opened communication path; and a printer 12 that opens a communication path, receives the print data by the opened communication path, and prints based on the received print data.

Abstract: A device may provide information for a virtual reality environment to a virtual reality device. The virtual reality device may be operated by a first party. The device may determine that the first party of the virtual reality device is placing a call to a second party from within the virtual reality environment. The device may determine connection information associated with the first party and the second party. The device may cause the call to be established between the virtual reality device and a second party device associated with the second party via a telephone network using the connection information and without the second party device connecting to the virtual reality environment. The telephone network may be located external to the virtual reality environment. The second party device may connect to the telephone network without connecting to the virtual reality environment.