Abstract: A method for operating a network device, having data storage with selectably modifiable capacity for storing instructional data for a packet processing operation, includes detecting a need for additional storage for the instructional data, allocating an additional memory block without interrupting operation of the network device, associating with the additional memory block an additional address hashing function, different from each of at least one respective previous address hashing function associated with any previously-allocated memory block. Each respective previous address hashing function transforms a look-up key into a respective addressable location in a previously-allocated memory block, and the additional address hashing function transforms the look-up key into an addressable location in the additional memory block. When a block is deallocated, each unit of instructional data is reprocessed through the hashing function of a different block to which the unit of the instructional data will be moved.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose apparatuses. The apparatus includes a program instructing hardware and a computer readable storage medium coupled to the hardware and storing programming instructions for execution by the hardware, the programming instructions instruct the hardware to: receive a network device selection message sent by a first network device, where the network device selection message contains a virtual local area network (VLAN) mapping capability identifier of the first network device and a device identifier of the first network device; when determining that both the apparatus and the first network device have VLAN mapping capability according to local VLAN mapping capability and the VLAN mapping capability identifier of the first network device, select a network device for executing VLAN mapping according to sizes or a sequence of a local device identifier and the device identifier of the first network device.

Abstract: A physical layer circuitry (PHY) includes: N signal pads, a four-signal physical medium attachment sublayer (PMA) and M shielding pads. The N signal pads include at least four signal pads. The four-signal PMA is coupled to the four signal pads. The M shielding pads include at least one first shielding pad that is coupled to the four-signal PMA. Additionally, the first shielding pin is located between a second signal pad of the four signal pads and a third signal pad of the four signal pads; and M and N are positive integers.

Abstract: Port extension apparatus for providing better usage and utilization efficiency ports of end-user devices are disclosed. Port extension apparatus includes at least a main port module for connection to end-user device, first data port module, data transmission control module, second data port module, and video port module. When a to-be-connected device connects to the first data port module, the first data port module and the main port module form a transmission path enabling data transmission between the to-be-connected device and the end-user device. When the to-be-connected device connects to the second data port module, the data transmission control module controls the data transmission between the to-be-connected device and the end-user device. When the to-be-connected device connects to the video port module, the data transmission control module receives the to-be-displayed information from the end-user device and transmits to the to-be-connected device to display.

Abstract: A universal serial bus (USB) multi-host device includes a plurality of upstream ports connected to a first host and a second host, a storage for storing data to be transmitted from the first host to the second host through the upstream ports, and a controller, and if the storage receives the data, the controller transmitting a signal based on the received data to the second host, and transmitting the stored data to the second host.

Abstract: A technique for handling interrupts in a data processing system includes receiving, by an interrupt routing controller (IRC), an event routing message (ERM) that includes an event source number for a notification source with an unserviced interrupt. In response to receiving the ERM, the IRC builds an event notification message (ENM) based on the event source number. The IRC determines a scope for the ENM based on an event target group (ETG) associated with the event source number. The IRC issues the ENM to an interrupt presentation controller (IPC) at the scope associated with the ETG.

Abstract: An USB device includes: a wireless communication unit; a storage unit configured for storing a driving program, a driving application, a driving command, and/or data received from an external information device and/or a server therein; and a control unit configured for controlling the wireless communication unit, the storage unit, wherein the control unit includes: a data processor configured for controlling a data processing operation using the driving program, the driving application or the driving command; and a transmission controller configured for: receiving data from the information device under control of the data processor; and selectively allowing or disallowing data transmission from the data processor to the information device.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer program product, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a first node. The first node receives a packet from a second node. The first node determines that the received packet is a query packet, the query packet including information indicating at least a transaction identifier. The first node determines a transaction type based on the information included in the query packet. The first node determines whether to transmit a response packet based on at least one of the transaction type or a transaction identifier at at least one of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, or a link layer. The first node transmits a response packet to the second node in response to determining to transmit the response.

Abstract: A system and method for initializing and maintaining a series of virtual local area networks contained in a clustered computer system is disclosed; the system utilizes Q-in-Q technology consisting of a private management local area network (MLAN), a separate virtual local area network (VLAN) to place resources that are to be shared, and private instances (replicas) of the shared resources that are located on a client's private network.

Abstract: A gateway may include an error factor classifying device that determines a cause factor that causes an error; an error counter device that checks an error counter; and a control mode determining device that transmits a default value for each error state based on the cause factor, which causes the error, and the error counter.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed which provide wireless communication systems implementing subsystems adapted for flexible deployment configurations and to resist the introduction of interference. Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a wireless communication system configuration in which an ODU subsystem is coupled to an IDU subsystem using a fiber optic link. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an ODU subsystem is adapted to provide conversion between digital and analog to thereby facilitate the use of a digital link between the ODU subsystem and a corresponding IDU subsystem. Embodiments of the present invention utilize a plurality of ODU subsystems configured according to the present invention to provide wireless communication coverage of a service area, such as to provide a wireless application termination system (WATS) hub for use in providing wireless communication links with respect to a plurality of subscriber units.

Abstract: A mapping apparatus comprises a mapper that translates from an input key to an output key in one or more storage devices. A pre-mapper for processing update operations comprises a plurality of mapping tablets and an in-memory look-up filter to identify a given mapping table storing a given input key. The mapping tablets comprise at least one dynamic in-memory ingress tablet and a plurality of persisted frozen tablets. For a given update operation, a first entry is added to one dynamic in-memory ingress tablet comprising the input key for the given update operation and a corresponding output key where data for the given update operation is stored; and a second entry is added to the look-up filter comprising the input key of the first entry and an identifier of the dynamic in-memory ingress tablet storing the first entry for the given update operation. The dynamic in-memory ingress tablet is persisted as a persisted frozen tablet.

Abstract: A universal serial bus (USB) link bridge device is disclosed. The USB link bridge device includes a host side module configured to be interfaced with a USB host. The host side module includes a receiver and is configured to receive serial data from the USB host, convert the received serial data into parallel data and store the parallel data into an elasticity buffer. A data controller coupled to the host side module is also included. The USB link bridge device further includes a device side module coupled to the data controller and includes a transmitter. The device side module is configured to receive parallel data from the data controller and convert the received parallel data into serial data and to transmit the serial data towards a USB device.

Abstract: A method of capturing selected network data includes selecting a first server from a plurality of servers in accordance with a first criterion, and the first server processing a first packet of a plurality of packets; selecting a second packet from the plurality of packets in accordance with a second criterion, and providing data associated with the second packet to a capture server. The first and second criteria are based on second information associated with the second packet. The second information is associated with one of the session layer, presentation layer, and application layer. A corresponding system and computer-readable device are also disclosed.

Abstract: In order to make it possible for an upper layer to receive the supply of a desired resource from a lower layer, this network control device is provided with: a database that receives a request for connection between node ports included in an upper layer network; and a hierarchical control unit that determines a link for connection between ports via a lower layer network and the performance of the link and associates and retains the results. The database receives a flow between nodes included in the upper layer network, said flow being selected in accordance with the link and the performance. The hierarchical control unit sets a flow corresponding to the link in the lower layer network when the link is included in the path of the flow.

Abstract: An apparatus to facilitate guaranteed forward progress for graphics data is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of ports to receive and transmit streams of graphics data, one or more buffers associated with each of the plurality of ports to store the graphics data and switching logic to virtually partition each of the one or more buffers to allocate a dedicated buffer to receive each of a plurality of independent streams of graphics data.

Abstract: A communication device is made to be of a structure including a communication unit, a routing information generation unit, a load monitoring unit and a communication control unit. The communication unit sends and receives data via a plurality of ports connected to a network having a plurality of communication routes. The routing information generation unit acquires information on a communication route based on correspondence between a port and each port of a connection destination. The load monitoring unit monitors a load state for each communication route. The communication control unit selects a communication route to transmit a packet based on a monitoring result of the load state, adds information on an address based on the selected communication route to the packet, and outputs the packet to a port corresponding to the selected communication route.

Abstract: The present invention provides pad arrangements, termination circuits, clock/data recovery circuits, and deserialization architecture for a physical layer circuitry including a four-signal or six-signal physical medium attachment sublayer (PMA).

Abstract: A host connected to a switch using a PCI Express (PCIe) link. At the switch, the packets are received and routed as appropriate and provided to a conventional switch network port for egress. The conventional networking hardware on the host is substantially moved to the port at the switch, with various software portions retained as a driver on the host. This saves cost and space and reduces latency significantly. As networking protocols have multiple threads or flows, these flows can correlate to PCIe queues, easing QoS handling. The data provided over the PCIe link is essentially just the payload of the packet, so sending the packet from the switch as a different protocol just requires doing the protocol specific wrapping. In some embodiments, this use of different protocols can be done dynamically, allowing the bandwidth of the PCIe link to be shared between various protocols.

Abstract: Exemplary methods in a first network device in a control plane include generating a prefix distribution list comprising of prefix lengths and corresponding prefix counts, each prefix count identifies a total number of prefixes of each corresponding prefix length. In one embodiment, the methods include generating a priority distribution list comprising of priorities and corresponding rule counts, each rule count identifies a total number of rules of each corresponding priority. In one embodiment, the methods include sending the prefix distribution list to a second network device in a forwarding plane, causing the second network device to generate a forwarding table based on the prefix lengths and corresponding prefix counts. In one embodiment, the methods include sending the priority distribution list to the second network device causing the second network device to generate a forwarding table based on the priorities and corresponding rule counts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a one-way data transmission apparatus, a one-way data reception apparatus, and a one-way data transmission/reception method using the apparatuses. The one-way data transmission/reception method uses a one-way data transmission apparatus and a one-way data reception apparatus, and includes receiving data from a high-security zone through a one-way path, generating tag information of the data, sending a message in which the tag information is added to the data to the one-way data reception apparatus, receiving the message from the one-way data transmission apparatus, checking the tag information of the message, and transmitting the data to a low-security zone.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein provide methods and systems for selecting Internet Protocol addresses for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) communications. In at least one implementation, a method of operating a first communication device includes applying a source address selection algorithm to determine at least one source Internet Protocol (IP) address for the first communication device, and transferring a communication invite that indicates the at least one source IP address. The method further provides, receiving, from a second communication device, a response to the invite that indicates at least one IP address for the second communication device, applying SASA to the at least one IP address to determine a third source IP address for the first communication device, and initiating a communication with the second communication device using the third source IP address.

Abstract: A packet edit processing method and a device are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes: generating an input packet template based on N to-be-edited protocol header fields of an input packet, and a preset protocol field mapping relationship, where the input packet template includes N protocol descriptors, and the protocol field mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between a protocol field included in a protocol descriptor and a protocol field included in a protocol header field; performing edit processing on the input packet template to obtain an output packet template; and converting, based on the preset protocol field mapping relationship, M protocol descriptors into M protocol header fields of an output packet, and replacing the N protocol header fields in the input packet with the M protocol header fields to obtain the output packet.

Abstract: An embodiment bus device with a programmable address includes a bus communication circuit connected to a bus terminal, a first pin terminal, a memory having a first register with a first address stored therein and a second register, and a state logic circuit. The state logic circuit detects a chip select signal on the first pin terminal, receives a first message through the bus communication circuit while the chip select signal is asserted, determines that the first message indicates an address set command, and saves an address value in the first message as a second address in the second register in response to a target address in the first message matching the first address. The state logic circuit further processes a second message received through the bus communication circuit in response to a target address of the second message matching the second address.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are directed to streaming bridge design implementations that help interconnect and transfer transaction packets between multiple source and destination host interfaces through a Network on Chip (NoC) interconnect, which includes a plurality of NoC router layers and virtual channels (VCs) connecting the router layers. Implementations are configured to support a variety of different traffic profiles, each having a different set of traffic flows. Streaming bridge design implementation can divide streaming bridge into a streaming TX bridge and a streaming RX bridge, wherein TX bridge is operatively coupled with host TX interfaces and RX bridge is operatively coupled with host RX interfaces, and where TX bridge forwards transaction packets from host TX interfaces to different router layers/VCs of NoC, and RX bridge, on the other hand, receives packets from NoC router layers/VCs and transmits the packets to host RX interfaces based on Quality of Service.

Abstract: A method for routing data in a complex Storage Area Network (SAN) by a processor device is provided, and comprises in exchange based routing, reserving certain predefined Inter-Switch Links (ISLs) for use in routing certain predefined input/output (I/O) traffic across the SAN, such that the routing of other input/output (I/O) traffic remains unaffected and unchanged, the predefined input/output (I/O) traffic being subject to a specified path.

Abstract: A method includes transmitting, by a controller of a storage device, a first bit on a data line. The method further includes responsive to transmitting the first bit on the data line, determining, by the controller, a line level of the data line. The method further includes responsive to determining the line level of the data line, determining, by the controller, whether the line level of the data line corresponds to the first bit and responsive to determining that the line level of the data line does not correspond to the first bit, determining, by the controller, that a collision has occurred on the data line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of establishing a connection between a mobile communicating object and a remote server, by way of a mobile communication network where the communicating object has a list encompassing a determined number of preferred mobile communication networks with which the object can be made to connect. The method comprises a first step where the communicating object establishes a radio connection with one of the networks available so as to transmit a first series of audit information (such as quality of signal, error rate, base station cell identifier) to the remote server, a step of verification by the server of the data received and, in the event of anomaly, of engagement of a procedure for modifying the selection of the mobile communication network to which the mobile object is connected.

Abstract: A bus node, a communication unit, which can be coupled for communication to at least data line of a bus; having a bus node controller, which is coupled operationally to the communication unit; and having an identification unit, which has a quadripole connectable, instead of a direct connection, between an IDT input and an IDT output for an identification line and vice versa, the quadripole being configured such that upon a serial interconnection of a first bus node with at least one second bus node for the bus node controller, the position of the first bus node is identifiable on the basis of a comparison of the voltage at the IDT input with a predetermined threshold value, regardless of the number of second bus nodes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for shielding layer two host addresses (e.g., MAC addresses) from a network are provided. An edge network device interposed between a network of switches and multiple local hosts receives from a first local host a first packet destined for a first destination host. The first local host has a first layer 2 (L2) address and a first layer 3 (L3) address associated therewith. The first packet includes the first L2 address as a source L2 address of the first packet, and includes the first L3 address as a source L3 address of the first packet. The edge network device shields the first L2 address from the network of switches by replacing the source L2 address for the first packet with a first substitute L2 address of a first communication channel of the edge network device before sending the first packet to the network of switches.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for generating transactions with a configurable port. In some implementations, a peripheral device is provided. The peripheral device comprises a configurable port. In some implementations, the configurable port may be configured to receive a first transaction. In these implementations, the first transactions may include an address. The address may include a transaction attribute. In some implementations, the configurable port may extract the transaction attribute and a transaction address from the address. The configurable port may further generate a second transaction that includes the transaction attribute and the transaction address. The configurable port may also transmit the second transaction.

Abstract: A method includes monitoring total energy supplied, during a power-on phase, to a power field effect transistor (FET) coupled to a network port of a power sourcing equipment (PSE) device using a controller. The method further includes detecting an error when the total energy exceeds a pre-determined threshold.

Abstract: In a case where a changeover request indicating to change over setting of an end point is received from an external apparatus, an information processing apparatus decides whether or not data is being transferred from the end point to a memory of the information processing apparatus. Then, in a case where it is decided that the data is being transferred from the end point to the memory, the information processing apparatus does not change over the setting of the end point.

Abstract: One feature pertains to an apparatus includes a universal serial bus (USB) communication interface that communicates with at least one USB peripheral device through a USB cable connection. The apparatus also includes a network communication interface that communicates with a communication network. The apparatus also includes a processing circuit that receives USB communication signals from the USB peripheral device, generates network data packets that include USB data based on the USB communication signals, and transmits the network data packets to a receiving device associated with a USB host device through the communication network. The apparatus also serves as a proxy USB host device to the USB peripheral device. The processing circuit may also transmit polling messages to the USB peripheral device at substantially regular time intervals, and receive the USB communication signals from the USB peripheral device in response to the polling messages.

Abstract: Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems and machine readable mediums to efficiently stream data across restricted networks. In some examples, this streamed data may be sent more efficiently using lower overhead protocols such as UDP. In order to bypass the aforementioned limitations on these lower overhead protocols, the client may send a periodic update message to the server. This update message maintains the openings in the network firewalls and updates the server on the client's status. This update message may be sent much less frequently than a typical TCP acknowledgement, and the lower overhead protocol may be a protocol that does not retransmit lost or corrupted packets—thereby eliminating unnecessary overhead. In some examples this streamed data may be GNSS correction data. In some examples, the client may be behind one or more network firewalls.

Abstract: A receiver for receiving data in a broadcast system includes a broadcast receiver that receives, via the broadcast system, a receiver input data stream including plural channel symbols represented by constellation points in a constellation diagram. A demodulator demodulates the channel symbols into codewords and a decoder decodes the codewords into output data words. A broadband receiver obtains redundancy data via a broadband system, the redundancy data for a channel symbol including one or more least robust bits of the channel symbol or a constellation subset identifier indicating a subset of constellation points including the constellation point representing the channel symbol. The demodulator and/or the decoder is configured to use the redundancy data to demodulate the respective channel symbol and to decode the respective codeword, respectively.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to managing network addresses. In one implementation, a method is provided. The method includes sending a first request to use a particular network address, sending one or more second requests for respective hardware addresses corresponding to network addresses of one or more network address leases. When a hardware address corresponding to a particular network address lease is received in response to one of the one or more second requests and an acknowledgement of the first request to use the network address is not received determining whether the network address identified by the lease is the same as the network address in the first request, and when the network address is not the same, sending a third request to use the identified network address corresponding to the lease.

Abstract: A controller of a tag conversion apparatus configured holds tag conversion information associating addresses of communication apparatuses and information on tags of tagging schemes for network separation, analyzes a frame input from one of the plurality of ports and determine a current tagging scheme of the frame, determines a tagging scheme associated with a destination address of the frame based on the tag conversion information, and converts the frame to a frame of the tagging scheme associated with the destination address based on the tag conversion information when the tagging scheme associated with the destination address and the current tagging scheme are different.

Abstract: Technologies for robust data transmission include a network port logic having a physical coding sublayer (PCS). The PCS may transmit a series of rapid alignment markers (RAMs) to a link partner, with each RAM indicative of a counter value. The PCS transitions to a sleep state if the counter value equals two and a low power idle (LPI) command is set by an upper-layer client. The PCS transitions to an active state if the counter value equals one and the LPI command is not set. The PCS may receive a low power idle symbol (LI) from the link partner and start a guard timer in response to receipt of the LI symbol. The PCS transitions to a sleep state if the guard timer expires and transitions to the active state if data other than LI is received prior to expiration of the guard timer. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a network offload method and apparatus, where the method includes: receiving, by a first network controller, network state information of a terminal, where there is at least one terminal, the network state information is state information of the terminal on at least one corresponding access network, and the first network controller is a network controller of a first access network; generating, by the first network controller, an offload policy for the terminal according to the network state information; and sending, by the first network controller, the offload policy to the terminal; and/or sending the offload policy to an access device of the at least one access network, so that a network-side device or the terminal performs offload according to the offload policy and the network side can implement control on terminal offloading.

Abstract: A system for traffic management between a WiFi network and an LTE network that includes a network interface assignment module for determining from an operator side of the WiFi network and the LTE network a set of WiFi Access Points (APs) and LTE base stations for each user that provides a least a highest quality of experience for each of the users using input strength for all users to potential WiFi access points and LTE base stations. The system may further include an interface switching service (ISS) module that includes a control logic and a network HTTP proxy for delivering network switching instructions to devices of users. The control logic receiving instructions from the NIA module and sending signal to the devices of the users to switch from WIFI and LTE networks through the LTE network based upon signal strength of the users.

Abstract: A memory subsystem is disclosed. The memory subsystem includes a serial peripheral interface (SPI) double data rate (DDR) volatile memory component, a serial peripheral interface (SPI) double data rate (DDR) non-volatile memory component coupled to the serial peripheral interface (SPI) double data rate (DDR) volatile memory component and a serial peripheral interface (SPI) double data rate (DDR) interface. The serial peripheral interface (SPI) double data rate (DDR) interface accesses the serial peripheral interface (SPI) double data rate (DDR) volatile memory component and the serial peripheral interface (SPI) double data rate (DDR) non-volatile memory component where data is accessed on leading and falling edges of a clock signal.

Abstract: The present invention relate to a bus network having a safety gate of a substantial safety isolation type. The bus network comprises a first region, a second region, and signal isolators. The first region has disposed therein a first bus and has distributed therein one or more first processing devices, one or more first transceivers, one or more first controllers, and one or more gateways. The second region has disposed therein a second bus and has distributed therein one or more second processing devices and one or more second transceivers. The signal isolators are disposed between the first region and the second region. An isolation device driving terminal and an output terminal on one side of the signal isolator are respectively connected to a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal of a second controller.

Abstract: One or more chassis management controllers may be configured to receive a user indication of a user desire to physically remove a modular information handling resource from a chassis, determine whether the modular information handling resource is shared or nonshared with respect to modular information handling systems present in the chassis, determine whether the modular information handling systems associated with the modular information handling resource are powered on, receive at least one response to one query to the user regarding at least one user preference regarding removal of the modular information handling resource, and determine if the information handling resource may be safely removed based at least on: the determinations of whether the information handling system resource is shared or nonshared and whether the modular information handling systems present in the chassis and associated with the modular information handling resource are powered on, and the at least one response.

Abstract: A receiver relates generally to channel adaptation. In this receiver, a first signal processing block is coupled to a communications channel. The first signal processing block includes: an AGC block and a CTLE block for receiving a modulated signal for providing an analog signal; an ADC for converting the analog signal to digital samples; and an FFE block for equalizing the digital samples to provide equalized samples. A second signal processing block includes: a DFE block for receiving the equalized sampled for providing re-equalized samples; and a slicer coupled to the DFE block for slicing the re-equalized samples. A receiver adaptation block is coupled to the first signal processing block and the second signal processing block. The receiver adaptation block is configured for providing an AGC adaptation, a CTLE adaptation, and a slicer adaptation to the communications channel.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, systems and/or methods of controlling data flow over a communication network. For example, an apparatus may include a communication unit to communicate between first and second devices a transfer response, the transfer response in response to a transfer request, the transfer response including a transfer pending status indicating data is pending to be received at the second device, the communication unit is to communicate the transfer response regardless of whether a retry indicator of the transfer request represents a first request for transfer or a retried request.

Abstract: A packet received via a network is stored in a packet memory. Information in a header of the packet is analyzed to determine one or more ports to which the packet is to be forwarded. The packet is read from the packet memory. It is ascertained whether the packet is of a multicast-type. In response to determining that the packet is the multicast-type, packet data that is i) read from the packet memory and ii) corresponds to the packet, is stored in a packet cache; the packet data is read from the packet cache, and multiple instances of the packet are forwarded to appropriate ports without further accessing the packet memory.

Abstract: An input/output bridge controls access to a memory by a number of devices. The bridge enforces ordering of access requests according to a register storing an order configuration, which can be programmed to accommodate a given application. When suspending an access request as a result of enforcing an order configuration, the bridge may also cause a prefetch at the memory for the suspended access request. Subsequently, following the completion of a previous access request meeting the order configuration, the suspended access request is released. Due to the prefetch, an access operation can be completed with minimal delay.

Abstract: A bit error in a flit transmitted over a link is determined to affect one or more particular bits of the flit based on a syndrome value associated with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value of the flit. The link includes a plurality of lanes. It is determined that the one or more particular bits were sent over one or more particular lanes of the link. The bit error is associated with the one or more particular lanes based on determining that the affected bits were transmitted over the particular lanes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a UGMII system to interface multirate devices including 10 gigabit per second data exchange rates. Mode selection is enabled to provide for automatic detection and adaptation to any transmit rate including 10M, 100M, 1G, and 10G. Mode selection comprises the negotiation between the UGMII extension sublayers located at the MAC and PHY to select between one of several operational modes including: XGMII communication, GMII encapsulation, Clause 22 MDIO register management and Clause 45 MDIO register management. Selection of UGMII and XGMII operating modes are negotiated between the MAC and PHY using ordered sets to announce and acknowledgement a mode change. In one embodiment 802.3 Clause 46 defined ordered sets are utilized.