Abstract: A system and method for bandwidth sharing in a distributed wireless client application using inverse multiplexing termination. The system includes: a group of collocated client playback devices having wide area network (WAN) and local area network (LAN) connectivity, and a centralized inverse multiplexing (IMUX) server which optimizes shared bandwidth of both the WAN via inverse multiplexing and the LAN using either broadcast or multicast of all virtual multiplexing paths to all other client playback devices of the group of collocated client playback devices. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display connector with a 4K image resolution. It primarily comprises a first connector, a second connector and a third connector. The present invention is a connector for a display to support high specification images with quad full high definition (QFHD). The third connector is used to connect an existing video playback device merely having the playback function of full high definition (FHD). Then the FHD image data is upscaled through an electrically connected image upscaling module of the first connector, and QFHD image signals with an ultra-high definition resolution is displayed through an electronic display device. Accordingly, the QFHD image signals with the ultra-high definition resolution can be displayed without upgrading the hardware of the player or computer so as to dramatically reduce the required cost of upgrading the hardware.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a routing switch apparatus, a network switch system, and a routing switch method. The routing switch apparatus includes one or more direct memory access modules and at least two protocol conversion interfaces. The direct memory access module is configured to generate a continuous access request of a cross network node, and control data transmission in the at least two protocol conversion interfaces; each protocol conversion interface is configured to convert a communication protocol of data transmitted inside and outside the routing switch apparatus and connect the routing switch module and an external network node. The routing switch apparatus may be introduced to replace a network switch, so that cross-node memory access and IO space access can be performed directly rather than through a proxy, thereby reducing delay of the cross-node memory access and IO space access and improving overall performance of a system.

Abstract: A session transfer procedure not for all ongoing multimedia components but for some media components in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for the same are provided. In a partial session transfer procedure, a user equipment establishing a first session to transmit a plurality of media components transmits a partial attach request message to a mobility control entity of a network core. The partial attach request message may be an attach request message whose attach type is set to ‘partial handover’. Upon receiving an attach accept message containing information regarding a gateway of the network core from the mobility control entity, a second session is established with the gateway by using the gateway information. After the establishing of the second session, the user equipment does not release the previously established first session.

Abstract: A method and computer program product for managing communications with a user include defining one or more communication profiles for a user, in which defining the one or more communication profiles includes defining one or more communication channels for the user, and defining a preferred communication schedule for each of the one or more communication channels. The preferred communication schedule is associated with a respective one of the one or more communication channels. Communications with the user by a contacting user are managed based upon, at least in part, the one or more communication profiles for the user.

Abstract: Wireless base station device for handling wireless communication, e.g. DECT, between a plurality of associated wireless terminals and an IP network. The base station device has a radio transceiver, a network interface, and a processor with communication application and a communication session management software. The communication session management is arranged to control a communication session with an associated wireless terminal (upper layer management), while wireless communication with said associated wireless terminal involved with said communication session (lower layer) is handled by another base station device. Thus, the base station can manage separate operation of its upper and lower layer, thereby enabling e.g. hand-over of a session to and from other base stations. This allows self contained single casing base station devices to operate in a network without the need for at central server, and still such network is easy to extend by adding base stations.

Abstract: A provider edge device, associated with a virtual private local area network service (VPLS) system, includes a memory to store instructions to implement a pseudowire mechanism to receive a first data frame from a source customer edge (CE) device associated with the VPLS system, incorporate the first data frame into a first VPLS packet, determine whether the source CE device is a single-homed CE device or a multi-homed CE device, and incorporate, into the first VPLS packet, a first pseudowire label, if the source CE device is a single-homed CE device, and incorporate, into the first VPLS packet, a second pseudowire label, different from the first pseudowire label, if the source CE device is a multi-homed CE device; and a processor to execute the instructions.

Abstract: A provider edge bridge in a service provider network receives multiple media access control (MAC) Registration Protocol (MMRP) registration messages from customer networks via tunnels. The provider edge bridge snoops the MMRP registration messages to obtain multicast MAC addresses from the registration messages, and tunnels the MMRP registration messages toward one or more other bridges. The provider edge bridge constructs multicast forwarding tables based on the multicast addresses obtained from snooping the MMRP registrations, and uses the multicast forwarding tables for forwarding data units from the provider edge bridge towards destinations.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for achieving backward compatibility in a large bandwidth wireless network and an Access Point (AP) for solving the technical problem of compatibility between a more effective channelization solution and a plurality of existing channelization solutions. The technical solution of the disclosure is implemented on the basis of time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing, and under the time division multiplexing mode, the AP sends/receives wireless frames on channels belonging to a first and a second channelization set respectively and alternately in terms of time according to a communication protocol; and under the frequency division multiplexing mode, the AP independently configures time window parameters and the corresponding main and/or secondary channel parameters on the channels which belong to the first and second channelization sets and are non-overlapped in the frequency domain, and sends/receives the wireless frames.

Abstract: When initiating a communication session, a user may be faced with the challenge of deciding which communication mode to use to contact and/or share content with one or more other users intended for participation in the communication session. A communication application may be configured to provide a relevant communication mode selection, the communication application including selection and communication modules. For example, the selection module of the communication application may determine available communication modes in response to detection of a request to initiate a communication session from within an application or from a user experience provided by the communication application. The selection module may remove one or more unused communication modes, and prioritize the remaining available communication modes to select a communication mode. A communication module of the communication application may then automatically initiate the communication session through the selected communication mode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication device is described that comprises a determining circuit configured to determine a type of an information indicated by a first message, wherein the first message is formed in accordance with a first transmission protocol; a selecting circuit configured to select a type of message according to a second transmission protocol based on the determined type of information; and a message generating circuit configured to generate a second message of the selected type according to the second transmission protocol indicating the information.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a network connection method and system. The method includes: grouping a plurality of terminals, allocating group identities, and establishing a mapping relationship between the group identities and terminal identities; establishing a group-based signaling radio bearer and a group-based data radio bearer for each group; allocating, when a terminal in each group access a network, the terminal the group-based signaling radio bearer and group-based data radio bearer corresponding to the group to which the terminal belongs according to a mapping relationship between a group identities and a terminal identity, so that the terminals initiate network access by using the group-based signaling radio bearer and the group-based data radio bearer. The signaling overhead of establishing signaling connection and data bearer may be reduced though the technical solution of the present invention.

Abstract: A forwarding node decapsulates and encapsulates data. The decapsulation may be performed using pattern matching techniques and the encapsulation may be performed using pattern insertion techniques. The decapsulation and encapsulation are preferably performed by hardware devices such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to enhance the speed of such operations. The decapsulation and encapsulation may be independent of each other and performed on a per virtual circuit basis.

Abstract: A method of facilitating path switching, for a communication path between a first user equipment (UE) and a second UE, from a device to device (D2D) path to network path, includes receiving switch point information from the first UE that identifies a data block; establishing, at the access network, a connection with the first UE over an uplink path between the first UE and the access network; establishing, at the access network, a connection with the second UE over a downlink path between the network element and the second UE; setting, at the access network, a data block sequencing numbering to be the same for the uplink path and the downlink path based on the switch point information; and forwarding, at the access network, data from the first UE to the second UE via the network path, the network path including the uplink path and the downlink path.

Abstract: A method and system for reverse link interference cancellation. One method comprises demodulating and decoding at least one signal sent from at least one access terminal and received by a first base station, sending demodulated, decoded information of the signal to a second base station, reconstructing the signal at the second base station, and subtracting the reconstructed signal from a buffer at the second base station.

Abstract: Systems and methods for incorporating determinism in the wireless domain are provided. In certain embodiments, a network for deterministic wireless communication comprises of a wireless switch and a wireless communication node, wherein the wireless communication node comprises of a processor unit configured to execute executable instructions. The executable instructions direct the processor unit to define avionics full-duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX) parameters for the formation of a virtual link between different end systems and convert the AFDX parameters into one of WiMAX and LTE parameters to define a wireless service flow between the different end systems. The executable instructions also direct the processor unit to create an AFDX schedule for communicating messages between the different end systems based on the AFDX parameters and create a schedule for one of WiMAX and LTE for communicating the messages between the different end systems over a wireless connection based on the AFDX schedule.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer-readable media are presented that provide a configuration that sets up and maintains communication connections through the use of Network Address Translation. The configuration includes communicating, by a device, packets from and/or to another device, in which the communication involves a network address translation, and maintaining the network address translation by transmitting, by the device, packets using the network address translation frequently enough to prevent any intermediate device from deleting a mapping for the network address translation from a cache of the intermediate device.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for handling data being communicated over lossless Ethernet that is sensitive to delays. Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is one example of an environment where data may be subject to unacceptable delays. The method involves designating certain data as low latency data that is sensitive to delays in transmission. The low latency data is then transmitted in such a manner that the receiving devices are aware that they are receiving low latency data. If a delay in the transmission of low latency is detected, commands are issued that pause or slow standard data in order to free up bandwidth for the low latency data. The commands may be, for example, backward congestion notifications and priority flow control. Low latency data is exempted from backward congestion notifications and priority flow control. Priority 7 priority group 15 may be reserved exclusively for low latency data.

Abstract: A method for debugging comprising configuring a switching logic mapping source subchannels to destination subchannels, as virtual channels to forward the packets from the source subchannels to the destination subchannels. The method further comprising configuring a single queue coupled to the switching logic to record packets from the source subchannels into a packet stream for a delay period to distribute to the destination subchannels for the destination logic to emulate the source logic synchronously with the plurality of clock domains with the delay period.

Abstract: A method and system for maintaining quality of service parameters for transmissions as a native Ethernet service between a first network having a first communication protocol and a second network having a second communication protocol. The interworking device includes a first network interface operable to communicate with the first communication network using the first communication protocol, a second network interface operable to communicate with the second communication network using second communication protocol and a processing unit in communication with the first network interface and the second network interface. The processing unit receives a frame from the first network in the first communication protocol, maps parameters corresponding to quality of service parameters in the first communication protocol to quality of service parameters in the second communication protocol and assembles a data packet in the second communication protocol.

Abstract: A method is provided in one example embodiment and includes communicating an in-band message packet from a first network element; receiving a response to the in-band message from a second network element, the response contains tunnel identification binding data that identifies a tunnel on a backhaul link on which traffic from a user equipment can flow; and receiving instructions from the second network element to offload a received data packet from the backhaul link. In particular instances, the in-band message is set to loopback when the in-band message is sent from the first network element. In other embodiments, the tunnel identification binding data is provided in the payload of the in-band message when the in-band message is sent from the first network element. In other examples, the method can include receiving an assigned Internet protocol (IP) address of the user equipment in the response to the in-band message.

Abstract: The present invention relates to communication within a vehicle, and particularly relates to an in-vehicle Ethernet, and the vehicle comprising thereof. A physical layer device (PHY) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a first pin receiving a power-on signal from exterior; a second pin which can be set as a first mode or a second mode; a decision unit which determines the mode in the second pin when the power-on signal is received at the first pin; and an operating preparation unit which initiates a communication by applying a predetermined value based on the mode in the second pin which is determined by the decision unit.

Abstract: A physical layer communication device (PHY) transmits and receives signal to and from a communication link using a synchronous protocol. The PHY communicates with a higher-layer device using a packet protocol. Timestamp values contained in timing-related messages in some packets are written or modified by the PHY. Delays incurred in transmitting and receiving the packets are predicted and used in setting the timestamp values.

Abstract: A video switch system providing a collaborative environment for one or more users to share information. In the current embodiment, the video switch system enables users to quickly connect to the system, present information, have a video conference, or have a multi-user wireless video session, or a combination thereof, in a collaborative manner.

Abstract: A wireless mobile communication (WMC) device may discover available networks, and available local and/or remote resources. The WMC device may configure routes utilizing one or more of discovered resources and one or more available networks. The routes may be utilized to performed operations requested via the WMC device. A standardized language and/or protocol may be utilized in discovering and/or communicating with available resources and/or networks. The standardized language and/or protocol may enable commonality among the discovered networks and/or resources, and encryption of data communicated through the established routes. The standardized language and/or protocol may be updated and/or modified to incorporate new resources either by direct interactions between said new resources and the WMC device, or via existing available resources and/or networks. The discovery of resources and/or establishment of routes may be user-triggered, or it may be based on user preference information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing data security and automatic repeat request (ARQ) in a wireless communication system are disclosed. Cipher entities are included in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and an access gateway (aGW), and outer ARQ, (or radio link control (RLC)), entities are included in the WTRU and an evolved Node-B (eNode-B). Each cipher entity is located on top of an outer ARQ entity. The cipher entities cipher and decipher a data block by using a generic sequence number (SN) assigned to the data block. The outer ARQ entities may segment the ciphered data block to multiple packet data units (PDUs), may concatenate multiple ciphered data blocks to a PDU, or may generate one PDU from one data block. The outer ARQ entities may segment or re-segment the PDU when a transmission failure occurs.

Abstract: A method of managing content format conversion for transmission of converted content to a mobile device includes retrieving initial content, which includes video content, having a first format over a data communications network. The retrieved initial content is analyzed based on an identification of data delivery parameters relating to potential delivery of converted content and a determination is made as to whether or not the data delivery parameters meet predetermined criteria. The format of the initial content is converted to a second format only in response to a determination that the data delivery parameters meet the predetermined criteria. The converted content forms a message body of a message. A conversion management system configured to manage content format conversion for transmission of converted content to a mobile device, and a computer program for performing the method, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for obtaining IPv6 configuration information in an IPv6 transition network. The network includes an IPv4 network and an IPv6 network. An apparatus for providing IPv6 configuration information in the IPv4 network receives an IPv6 configuration information obtaining request packet sent by a user side device. In response, the apparatus sends a response packet to the user side device, where the response packet is a DHCPv4 packet, and carries the requested IPv6 configuration information. Some of the advantages of the present invention are that automatic configuration for a user side device which needs to traverse the IPv4 network to access the IPv6 network is implemented, and efficiency is greatly improved compared with a manual configuration method in the prior art.

Abstract: A method for processing packets in a centralized packet processor includes configuring the centralized packet processor to operate as a part of a communication system that includes a plurality of component systems configured to operate as components of the communication system, where each of the plurality of component systems includes a respective set of physical interfaces to provide interfaces to ports associated with other devices on a network, and where each of the plurality of component systems is configured to forward selected packets to an external device via a dedicated physical interface, receiving the selected packets via a plurality of physical ports of the centralized packet processor, generating, for use at the centralized packet processor, a plurality of virtual ports to uniquely identify a plurality of physical interfaces of the component systems, where a quantity of the plurality of virtual ports is larger than a quantity of physical interfaces available at the centralized packet processor, an

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point code emulation apparatus and method for dividing a Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (or SS7) signaling network into two or more networks. The point code emulator is adapted to receive TCAP messages from two or more subnets and converts, for the messages crossing over the subnets, the information of the TCAP messages, including originating point code, destination point code, and transaction identifier, (and optionally, calling party number and called party number), and forwards to the other one of the two or more subnets. Correspondence among the two or more subnets may be provisioned by an authorized user of the system, may be learned automatically by the system based on ISUP message correspondences or previous TCAP transactions, or may be automatically discovered by the system broadcasting messages to nodes in the destined one of the two or more subnets.

Abstract: Included is an Internet Protocol (IP) version four (IPv4) Residual Deployment via IP version six (IPv6) (4rd) customer edge (CE) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with an IPv6 network, and a processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to receive multicast packets from a multicast source via the IPv6 network, and transmit the multicast packets to a host. The disclosure also includes a 4rd border relay (BR) comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with an IPv6 network, and a processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to receive multicast packets from a multicast source, and transmit the multicast packets to a host via the IPv6 network and a 4rd customer edge (CE).

Abstract: Provided is a communications interface system. The communications interface system includes one or more protocol modules configured to include interface protocols that facilitate communication between a switching subsystem, a physical layer subsystem, and a Power over Ethernet subsystem. The protocol modules are connectable to a communications bus.

Abstract: A communication gateway which includes a short-message-system network element is disclosed. The communication gateway includes a short-message-system network element to transmit short-message data to a plurality of session-initiation-protocol endpoints and a front-end processor coupled with the short-message-system network element to provide session-initiation-protocol services for translating the short-message data transmitted between the plurality of session-initiation-protocol endpoints.

Abstract: A computer system and method for transmitting LAN signals over transport systems. LAN signals are generated in any client LAN compliant interface. A transceiver receives the client LAN signal in the LAN format. The client LAN signals are not converted to a SONET transmission format at any time before reaching the transceiver. The transceiver then converts the client LAN signal to an internal electrical LAN signal before re-clocking the internal electrical LAN signal. The re-clocked internal electrical LAN signal is then re-modulated into a second LAN signal. The second LAN signal is then transmitted to a transport system.

Abstract: Operations of a building facility monitoring device and an IP network monitoring device are coordinated with each other. In a connection system of a building facility device managing system, when a status of the IP network monitoring device is changed, a monitoring-device-status managing unit 301 provides parameter information unique for a BACnet protocol to the changed status and stores it. If the status is not an operation command, a coordinated-packet-generation transmitting/receiving unit 302 generates a packet of the BACnet protocol based on a status and parameter information of a specific IP network monitoring device to transmit it to a building facility device managing system 103. If the status is the operation command, it acquires a status and parameter information of the specific IP network monitoring device from a management database 401, and generates a packet of the BACnet protocol based on the status and the parameter information to transmit it to the building facility device managing system 103.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing a termination point for service emulation instances in an access network is provided. In an embodiment, the service emulation instances are implemented utilizing, for example, pseudowires. Communications to and from the access network are aggregated and transmitted via one or more pseudowires to a service emulation instance terminator. The service emulation instance terminator converts the traffic to its native form and, if necessary, converts the traffic to a different type of format or service. The service emulation instance terminator then frames the traffic for the appropriate type of service and transmits the traffic to the service edge. Traffic received from the service is removed prepended with a pseudowire label and aggregated with other traffic. The aggregated traffic is transmitted to the customer via the access network. If necessary, an interworking function may convert the traffic from one type of service to another type of service.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for the generic mapping procedure GMP mapping, a method for GMP demapping, and an apparatus. The method for mapping includes: carrying, in an overhead GMP OH of the ith GMP block container, information about a TS that needs to be occupied by the (i+n)th GMP block container; adjusting the (i+n)th GMP block container according to the information about the TS that needs to be occupied by the (i+n)th GMP block container; performing, according to the adjusted (i+n)th GMP block container, the GMP mapping on customer service data to be sent, so that a receive end is capable of adopting a corresponding demapping manner according to a change of the block container, which implements lossless mapping and demapping processing by adopting a GMP for a variable block container.

Abstract: An audio coding terminal and method is provided. The terminal includes a coding mode setting unit to set an operation mode, from plural operation modes, for input audio coding by a codec configured to code the input audio based on the set operation mode such that when the set operation mode is a high frame erasure rate (FER) mode the codec codes a current frame of the input audio according to a select frame erasure concealment (FEC) mode of one or more FEC modes. Upon the setting of the operation mode to be the High FER mode the one FEC mode is selected, from the one or more FEC modes predetermined for the High FER mode, to control the codec by incorporating of redundancy within a coding of the input audio or as separate redundancy information separate from the coded input audio according to the selected one FEC mode.

Abstract: An auto-answer feature is implemented in SIP by configuring a receiving device to automatically acknowledge and answer an incoming call or session from a specific trusted third party. The receiving device may skip to an OK response to an INVITE request when the call is routed through the trusted third party. When the device can automatically answer the incoming call, advanced features such as Push To Talk, Information Tone, Click to Call, and Remote Monitoring may be easily implemented.

Abstract: An integrated cell phone/WLAN AP for providing cell phone functionality and cellular-based data connectivity to a WLAN enabled device. The cell phone AP comprises a WLAN radio, a WLAN AP coupled to the WLAN radio, a cellular radio coupled to the WLAN radio, for communicatively connecting to a cellular system having a cellular-based data service and passing data between the WLAN-enabled device and the cellular system, a cell phone function block coupled to the cellular radio for providing conventional cell phone functionality, and a power supply.

Abstract: Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) network device discovery techniques are disclosed. In some embodiments, IPv6 network device discovery includes determining a route entry (e.g., selecting a first route entry that is less than 126 bits and greater than 48 bits) of a route entry table of a seed device (e.g., a router, such as a well connected router); converting the route entry to an anycast address; and sending a probe to the anycast address. For example, using various techniques described herein, an Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMP) probe, for example, with incrementing hop count and the subnet-router anycast addresses as targets can be used to fully discover network devices on an IPv6 network.

Abstract: When a femto cell base station used for a communication system provided with a function of providing a predetermined supplementary service receives first information indicating supplementary service control from a radio terminal, the femto cell base station converts the received information to a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) message including the first information and transmits the SIP message to a higher apparatus in the communication system.

Abstract: The present invention includes a network telephone having a microphone coupled to provide voice data to a network, a speaker coupled to facilitate listening to voice data from the network, a dialing device coupled to facilitate routing of voice data upon the network, a first port configured to facilitate communication with a first network device, a second port configured to facilitate communication with a second network device and a prioritization circuit coupled to apply prioritization to voice data provided by the microphone.

Abstract: A wireless device may establish a data connection with a 2G or 3G wireless network, which the wireless device can then use to engage in packet data communications with other devices on packet data networks. The wireless device may then roam from one wireless network to the other wireless network, such by roaming from the 2G wireless network to the 3G wireless network or vice versa. The wireless device may then transfer its data connection between the networks, thereby allowing the wireless device to continue in any established data sessions with other devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to updating routing patterns in an enterprise network. In some implementations, a method for routing sessions includes identifying information associated with call sessions in an enterprise network. The information includes costs to an enterprise for using carrier services during the call sessions. Routing patterns for call sessions are dynamically updated through at least a portion of the enterprise network based, at least in part, on the costs associated with the call sessions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system to provide network aware applications on a mobile device that can communicate using existing SMS communication channels without resorting to other IP based communication channels that are costlier and are not available on many of the networks.

Abstract: Providing for mobile communications incorporating Internet Protocol (IP) persistence is described herein. By way of example, IP persistence can be implemented for a mobile device receiving IP data content over a mobile network. Particularly, if the mobile device encounters a region of poor wireless coverage, the IP data content can be transmitted to the mobile device over a plurality of base stations concurrently. Thus, the IP persistence can comprise duplicating the IP data content and transmitting separate independent wireless transmissions of the content to the mobile device from separate cells or separate transmitters. The duplicate transmitting can be continued while the mobile device is within the region of poor wireless coverage, until a suitable quality of service or quality of experience parameter is met for a serving network, or the like.

Abstract: Among other things, one or more techniques and/or system are provided for routing a data packet. Because the data packet may correspond to a source device having an address on a first network that may be similar to an address of a second device on a second network, the data packet may be translated to create a transformed data packet that may be distinguishable from data packets of the second device. For example, the data packet may be translated from a first address format, such as IPv4, to a second address format, such as IPv6, to create a transformed data packet. The transformed data packet may comprise a prefix that may distinctly identify the source device during routing. In this way, the transformed data packet may be identifiable as corresponding to the source device during routing through a network to a destination device.

Abstract: An improved system and method for deinterleaving a data unit containing chunks of two or more different data types. In an embodiment of the invention, both a device MPU and DMA hardware are used to deinterleave a data unit containing chunks of both compressed data and uncompressed data. The device MPU is used to transfer compressed data from an interleaved data buffer to a compressed data buffer, while the DMA hardware is used to transfer uncompressed data from the interleaved data buffer to a compressed data buffer. By using both the MPU and the DMA hardware, the overall efficiency of the data transfer process is improved.

Abstract: A remote enclosure houses multiple subsystems. A first subsystem is coupled to a central office over a high-speed communication channel such as an OC-3 channel. The first subsystem extracts a downstream message from a first embedded operations channel included in the high-speed communication channel. The first subsystem also, when the downstream message is targeted to a first unit included in the first subsystem, forwards the message to a unit that processes the message for the first unit. When the message is not targeted to any unit included in the first subsystem, the first subsystem forwards the downstream message to another subsystem housed within the remote enclosure via a second embedded operations channel included in a second communication channel. The second subsystem is subtended from the first subsystem and is connected thereto by the second communication channel.