Abstract: An interpolator or decimator includes an elastic storage element in the signal path between first and second clock domains. The elastic element may, for example, be a FIFO which advantageously allows short term variation in sample clocks to be absorbed. A feedback mechanism controls a delta-sigma modulated modulo-N counter based sample clock generator. The elastic element combined with a delta-sigma modulator and counter creates a noise-shaped frequency lock loop without additional components, resulting in a much simplified interpolator and decimator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a best-effort scheduled access method and system that enable nodes to request, and a hub to assign, tentative, but not committed, scheduled allocations, referred to as unscheduled bilink allocations, in which data traffic is transferred between the nodes and the hub on a best-effort basis. The tentative allocations will be available if the network of the hub still has enough bandwidth, but will be shifted or reduced otherwise. This invention unifies tentative and committed scheduled allocations in the same access framework, thereby facilitating access scheduling and offering access flexibility.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating an access point and a wireless communication system using an access point. The method includes classifying the terminals according to the QoS type of a service required by each of the terminals, allocating any one antenna among the plurality of antennae to one terminal of a group of terminals having the highest order of priority according to the QoS type, among the classified groups of terminals, and selecting another antenna and terminal, which maximizes a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) calculated from channel information between the terminal and the antenna, among the terminals and antennae, except the allocated antenna and terminal, to allocate the antenna.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of accessing stored information in multi-framed data transmissions, comprising at least one control interface and at least one elastic store, wherein the control interface accesses the elastic store through a mailbox communications method.

Abstract: This invention concerns a resynchronization method by a receiver of a received stream of groups of bits, comprising: detecting a synchronization loss (S10), and then iterating (S11 to S17) checks over different bits until a first bit of a group of bits is found (S14), the most probable first bit being checked first, wherein the checks are iterated in a checking order of bits different from a chronological reception order, so as to check earlier at least one of most probable first bits, different from the most probable first bit, so as to shorten average resynchronization time.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for frequency locking are provided. The apparatus includes a phase-locked loop (PLL), a local clock generator, a data buffer unit and a control unit. The PLL locks the phase and the frequency of a radio frequency signal to generate a recovery clock signal and received data. The data buffer unit writes the received data into an elastic buffer of the data buffer unit according to the frequency of the recovery clock signal, and reads the received data from the elastic buffer according to the frequency of a local clock signal generated by the local clock generator. The control unit obtains a write-in address and a read-out address in the elastic buffer, and sends a control signal to the local clock generator for adjusting the frequency of the local clock signal according to relationship between the write-in address and the read-out address.

Abstract: An audio coding terminal and method is provided. The terminal includes a coding mode setting unit to set an operation mode, from plural operation modes, for input audio coding by a codec configured to code the input audio based on the set operation mode such that when the set operation mode is a high frame erasure rate (FER) mode the codec codes a current frame of the input audio according to a select frame erasure concealment (FEC) mode of one or more FEC modes. Upon the setting of the operation mode to be the High FER mode the one FEC mode is selected, from the one or more FEC modes predetermined for the High FER mode, to control the codec by incorporating of redundancy within a coding of the input audio or as separate redundancy information separate from the coded input audio according to the selected one FEC mode.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system for sending, by a first computing device, a payload from a plurality of payloads to a second computing device. A response from the second computing device responding to the payload is received at the first computing device. It is determined whether the payload has successfully attacked an application executing at the second computing device based upon, at least in part, the response. If not, at least a portion of the plurality of payloads that shares a structural overlap with the first payload is identified. At least a second payload of the portion is prevented from being sent to the second computing device in response to identifying that the second payload shares the structural overlap with the first payload.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system for sending, by a first computing device, a payload from a plurality of payloads to a second computing device. A response from the second computing device responding to the payload is received at the first computing device. It is determined whether the payload has successfully attacked an application executing at the second computing device based upon, at least in part, the response. If not, at least a portion of the plurality of payloads that shares a structural overlap with the first payload is identified. At least a second payload of the portion is prevented from being sent to the second computing device in response to identifying that the second payload shares the structural overlap with the first payload.

Abstract: Method, device and system for detecting a disturbance, e.g., at least one short mechanical impact (shock or vibration) on a clock of a slave device by detecting a non-typical variation of a tracking error, i.e., a tracking error having a deviation that exceeds a predetermined threshold, wherein such a non-typical variation can be determined by the deviation from a statistical measure, e.g., a variance or a standard deviation, such that the determination of the quality of a clock signal is advantageously allowed and thus suitable counter-measures are provided. The method, device and system are applicable for all kinds of technical systems comprising slave devices that have a clock, e.g., devices in industrial and automation systems. The method, device and system are also applicable in communication systems that use a protocol to synchronize the clocks of its devices, e.g., Profinet.

Abstract: A method of communicating count value information in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) signal frame. The method comprises determining a count value indicating a number of payload bytes to be sent in a next OTN signal frame; determining that a change in the count value (?) with respect to a current count value is within a predetermined range; selecting an inversion pattern indicating the change in the count value; determining a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code associated with the inversion pattern; and, inserting the inversion pattern and the CRC code in a Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) overhead of the OTN signal frame.

Abstract: A media converter, a system and a method for converting packet based data into serial data and vice versa are provided. The media converter comprises a first interface configured to receive and provide a first type of data stream based on data packets, a second interface configured to receive and provide a second type of data stream based on a continuous serial bit stream, and a signal processor connected to the first and second interfaces and configured to convert said first type of data stream into said second type of data stream and vice versa on the basis of a block encoding/decoding algorithm and a line encoding/decoding algorithm. Thus, enhanced bit error rate may be obtained, thereby allowing the use of optical transmission channels of increased length.

Abstract: A method for performing a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) operation by a connected mode User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system. The method includes waking up at a wake-up timing, and determining whether an incoming data indication is received from a Node B; reestablishing uplink synchronization upon receipt of the incoming data indication; and waking up after sleeping for a time from the incoming data indication reception timing, receiving a transmission resource allocation message from the Node B, and receiving downlink data over allocated transmission resources.

Abstract: The fabric card includes at least one fabric card chip and at least two fabric card connector groups, where each fabric card connector group of the at least two fabric card connector groups includes at least two fabric card connectors, the number of fabric card chips is less than the number of at least two fabric card connector groups, each fabric card chip of the at least one fabric card chip connects to all fabric card connectors in at least one fabric card connector group, all fabric card connectors in the fabric card connector group that connect to the fabric card chip exchange data using the fabric card chip. This fully utilizes an exchange capability of the fabric card chip and saves system resources.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system comprising a master device and at least one slave device, e.g. two slave devices, the master device comprising a transmitter including a Tx-inductive coil, and the slave device comprising a receiver including an Rx-inductive coil. The invention further relates to a method and use. The object of the present invention is to solve one or more problems of the prior art, e.g. economize on power consumption for a wireless communications link.

Abstract: Systems, methodologies, and devices are described that facilitate transmitting a guard time parameter to a mobile device to facilitate rate matching data around a guard time region associated with a downlink subframe of a radio frame sequence. A base station transmits the guard time parameter via PBCH or DBCH to the mobile device. The base station rate matches data associated with PDSCH, comprising DBCH, around the guard time region, and transmits PDSCH to the mobile device. The mobile device identifies the guard time parameter and rate matches at least a portion of the information received via the PDSCH around the guard time region to facilitate enhanced reception of PDSCH. Optionally, a radio frame sequence can be structured so that a subframe immediately following a subframe containing DBCH is a downlink subframe, which can be known by the mobile device a priori or based on a downlink subframe parameter.

Abstract: Techniques for improving reliability of signaling are described. A transmitter determines if improved reliability is applicable for signaling for a data frame. The transmitter sends the signaling without improved reliability if deemed not applicable and with improved reliability if deemed applicable. A receiver receives the signaling and declares the signaling as reliable or unreliable based on the received signal quality of the received frame and a threshold. The receiver recovers the signaling if deemed reliable and decodes the received frame in accordance with the recovered signaling. The receiver declares the received frame as a null frame or performs some other action if the signaling is deemed unreliable.

Abstract: A network or other type of processor operates to switch packets from an incoming cell stream to an outgoing cell stream. Each received and transmitted cell in a cell stream includes portions of packets, or complete packets or both. Packets are reassembled from incoming cells, and outgoing cells may be created from portions of packets, complete packets or both. The packets in the outgoing cells may be from incoming packets, switched reassembled packets or both. Each incoming and outgoing cell is associated with one virtual channel, and each virtual channel for an outgoing cell may be different from the virtual channel corresponding to the incoming cell or cells from which a packet was reassembled. Switched packets also may have their conversation identifications changed. Partial packets or partial cells that are awaiting completion are retained such that switching capabilities associated with the virtual channel and channel identification modifications may be used.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data centric multiplexing in a wireless communication system with a plurality of channels comprising assigning a first resource to a first of the plurality of channels; assigning a second resource to a second of the plurality of channels wherein the second resource is not the first resource; assigning a third resource to a third of the plurality of channels wherein the third resource is not the first or the second resource; and assigning a fourth resource to a fourth of the plurality of channels by puncturing at least one of the first, second or third resources and skipping the rest of unpunctured first, second or third resources. Further disclosed are apparatus and method for an asynchronous command interface to an encoder and multiplexer module in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for selecting digital (network) interface technology for programming and data delivery over, e.g., a content-based network. In one embodiment, the network comprises an HFC cable or satellite network that includes a server process interfacing with a plurality of customer premises equipment (CPE), and/or associated client devices, each having different capabilities profiles. The server determines the one or more capabilities possessed by the CPE, and evaluates one or more program or content choices for possible delivery to that CPE based on its profile. The server generates a list of programs or content based on this evaluation, and transmits this list to the CPE, which displays the list for viewing by a user. The user is therefore offered a list of available content that is compatible with their specific configuration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for range extension is wireless communication systems. One embodiment of the method includes determining whether a mobile unit is within a first range corresponding to a range of timing advances supported by a timing advance command. This embodiment also includes transmitting a plurality of timing advance commands to the mobile unit when the mobile unit is outside the first range so that the mobile unit can synchronize with the base station by combining information in the plurality of timing advance commands.

Abstract: A method that implements a timing advance for an uplink communication from a user equipment (UE) comprises: selecting at least one subframe; reducing a duration of at least one selected symbol of each of the at least one subframe to generate at least one reduced duration subframe; replacing a remaining portion of payload data of each of the at least one selected symbol with a pre-selected replacement value; by-passing each of the at least one selected symbol during pre-transmission processing of the at least one reduced duration subframe; processing any remaining symbols of the at least one reduced duration subframe, such that a processing time of the remaining symbols of the at least one reduced duration subframe is reduced by at least the value of the timing advance; and transmitting the at least one reduced duration subframe via the uplink communication to the base station.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and a device for transferring radio service data. The method includes: designing a radio service frame timing mechanism and/or a rule of filling IQ data for a plurality of standards; configuring frame timing mechanisms corresponding to various services according to the designed radio service frame timing mechanism and/or the rule of filling IQ data for a plurality of standards; and transmitting multi-standard radio service data according to the configured frame timing information and/or methods of mapping IQ containers. The device includes a determination unit, a configuring unit and a transfer unit. Thus, uniform transmission of radio IQ data and frame synchronization for different standards may be enabled via a common radio interface between a Radio Equipment Controller (REC) and a Radio Equipment (RE).

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for transmitting packets in a packet communication network comprising at least two stations, characterized in that it includes means for: extract image cues from a synchronizing signal, initializing a first counter based on said image cues, initializing a second counter every “m” zero crossing of the first counter, sampling the second counter at all the Tech periods, where Tech is derived from a time base synchronized on all the network stations, and transmitting packets containing the samples in the network. The invention also concerns a device for receiving packets in a packet communication network comprising at least two stations.

Abstract: A data Interface for transferring digital data between a host and a client over a communication path using packet structures linked together to form a communication protocol for communicating a pre-selected set of digital control and presentation data. The signal protocol is used by link controllers configured to generate, transmit, and receive packets forming the communications protocol, and to form digital data into one or more types of data packets, with at least one residing in the host device and being coupled to the client through the communications path. The interface provides a cost-effective, low power, bi-directional, high-speed data transfer mechanism over a short-range “serial” type data link, which lends itself to implementation with miniature connectors and thin flexible cables which are especially useful in connecting display elements such as wearable micro-displays to portable computers and wireless communication devices.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus exercises insertion control for inserting a client signal and a stuff byte into a payload area in a frame into which the client signal is to be mapped, and sends the frame after the insertion control. In addition, the transmission apparatus inserts the client signal or the stuff byte in columns of the frame into the payload area except a leading column.

Abstract: A first PHY may be coupled to a second PHY via a network link. The first PHY may transition from a role of timing master for the network link to a role of timing slave for the network link. During a first time interval subsequent to the transition, the PHYs may communicate half-duplex over the link while the first PHY synchronizes to a transmit clock of the second PHY. During a second time interval, the PHYs may communicate full-duplex while the second Ethernet PHY synchronizes to a transmit clock of the first PHY. Also during the second time interval, the first PHY may determine that the first PHY and the second PHY are synchronized. Subsequent to the determination, the PHYs may begin full-duplex communication of data on the network link.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for transparently using otherwise wasted bandwidth associated with variable-rate program streams to deliver additional content. In one embodiment, the network comprises a broadcast switched architecture (BSA), and the program streams are loaded up to a target rate using “null” packets and then delivered over the network infrastructure to a plurality of hub sites. The streams are then unloaded to reproduce the original variable streams, and the bandwidth vacated by removal of the null packets used as the transport mechanism for additional (e.g., non time-sensitive) content to be delivered to the subscribers. The process can also be substantially automated and anticipatory (through, e.g., transmission of null bit insertion data downstream). The invention can also advantageously be implemented with minimal modifications to existing infrastructure, and supports business and operational supervisory processes.

Abstract: In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, a method for improving synchronization of communications between a first port and a second port is provided, the method performed at the first port and comprising: inserting skip symbols into a transmission stream for transmissions from the first port to the second port, wherein the skip symbols are inserted at a first average frequency level; detecting a lack of synchronization between the first port and the second port; and inserting skip symbols into the transmission stream at a second average frequency level greater than the first average frequency level in response to the detecting.

Abstract: Speech frames of a first speech coding scheme are utilized as speech frames of a second speech coding scheme, where the speech coding schemes use similar core compression schemes for the speech frames, preferably bit stream compatible. An occurrence of a state mismatch in an energy parameter between the first speech coding scheme and the second speech coding scheme is identified, preferably either by determining an occurrence of a predetermined speech evolution, such as a speech type transition, e.g. an onset of speech following a period of speech inactivity, or by tentative decoding of the energy parameter in the two encoding schemes followed by a comparison. Subsequently, the energy parameter in at least one frame of the second speech coding scheme following the occurrence of the state mismatch is adjusted. The present invention also presents transcoders and communications systems providing such transcoding functionality.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for signaling the phase and frequency of constant bit rate (CBR) clients over a network or fabric. An incoming CBR client stream is segmented into variable sized segments, such as packets or general framing protocol (GFP) frames, and is regenerated on the other side of a fabric or network phase-locked to the incoming stream. Regeneration of the CBR client clock is based solely on segment sizes, and in the case of GFP frames, the rate of the SONET Path or OTN ODUk stream carrying the GFP frames. No overhead bytes are inserted into the GFP frames to convey phase and frequency information. The method disclosed is important for reducing the cost and complexity of communications networks by allowing CBR clients to be transported with low jitter and wander without requiring the source and sink network elements to be phase-locked to a common stratum reference.

Abstract: In current transmitting methods, an instantaneous interruption of a transmission data may occur at the time of switching a system. A sending method of the present invention is a sending method for transmitting a data string signal to a primary system and a backup system in which: a first periodic signal which becomes a reference signal and a second periodic signal with a longer cycle period than the first periodic signal are generated; a data string signal is synchronized with the first periodic signal; and the data string signal synchronized with the first periodic signal is multiplexed by a cycle period synchronized with the second periodic signal to transmit it to the primary system and the backup system.

Abstract: Signal format conversion apparatus and methods involve converting data signals between a first signal format associated with a first reference clock rate and a second signal format that is different from the first signal format and is associated with a second reference clock rate different from the first reference clock rate. A period of the second signal format is changed to match a period of a third signal format by controlling a synchronized second reference clock rate that is applied in converting data signals between the first signal format and the second signal format. The synchronized second reference clock rate is different from the second reference clock rate and is synchronized with a third reference clock rate. The third reference clock rate is associated with the third signal format. Such synchronization simplifies conversion of signals between the second and third signal formats.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus therefor searching a cell in a mobile station of a communication system in which a plurality of cells are grouped into a plurality of cell groups, and each cell group includes at least two cells. The method includes detecting a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal from a received signal, and identifying a cell based on a combination of the primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal. The secondary synchronization signal is related to the cell group to which the mobile station belongs and the primary synchronization signal is related to the cell to which the mobile station belongs within the cell group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing automated processing of a switched voice alarm on a switched and/or Internet Protocol (IP) network are disclosed. For example, the method receives an alarm associated with a switched voice service, and retrieves a Local Routing Number (LRN) or Primary Inter-exchange Carrier (PIC) information from a switch serving a call associated with a caller's telephone number. The method determines if the alarm is due to one or more service degradations, and notifies a work center responsible for one or more of the service degradations if the alarm is due to the one or more service degradations.

Abstract: The disclosure is generally directed to a system and method of measuring transport utilization of data that is to be multiplexed and transmitted over a digital transport facility. In a particular embodiment, the system includes a traffic management reporting device to provide a report including performance information. The performance information is determined based at least in part on a count of stuff bits included in a user data frame having a fixed size payload.

Abstract: A high speed multi-lane serial interface and method for constructing frames for such an interface are provided. Frames are constructed for transmission on a multi-lane serial interface. For each of a plurality of transmit channels, packets are fragmented into fragments. Meta-frames are generated having a size defined by a constant meta-frame length×number of lanes, each frame having a meta-frame separator and a payload. Per-transmit channel flow control information is received. Each payload has a plurality of bursts, each burst comprising a burst control word and an associated data burst, the burst control word identifying one of said transmit channels to be transmitted on the associated data burst, each data burst comprising one of the fragments for the transmit channel identified in the associated burst control word. The channels to transmit in a given meta-frame are selected as a function of the received flow control information.

Abstract: A method of communicating count value information in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) signal frame. The method comprises determining a count value indicating a number of payload bytes to be sent in a next OTN signal frame; determining that a change in the count value (?) with respect to a current count value is within a predetermined range; selecting an inversion pattern indicating the change in the count value; determining a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code associated with the inversion pattern; and, inserting the inversion pattern and the CRC code in a Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) overhead of the OTN signal frame.

Abstract: Relay devices and sink devices that provide synchronized audio and/or video outputs are described. A relay device receives a first communication packet from a source device. The first communication packet includes a data frame. A timestamp is generated. The timestamp is an estimate of a time at which content defined by the data frame will be “played.” A second communication packet is generated that includes the data frame and the generated timestamp. The second communication packet is transmitted from the relay device. In one implementation, the generated timestamp is received by a plurality of sink devices, and is used to synchronize output signals (e.g., sound and/or video images) of the sink devices. In another implementation, the generated timestamp is received by a sink device, and is used to synchronize an output signal of the sink device with an output signal of the relay device.

Abstract: A method of communicating individual packets i of K bits includes permutation mapping of the packets, with each permuted packet being denoted by ?n(i), wherein ?n is a permutation on K letters that is unique for each packet transmission. Each permuted packet ?n(i) is modulated to provide a complex vector x(?n(i)) for each packet. The packets are transmitted over a AWGN channel so each individual packet i is received as a variable of the vector x(?n(i)) in a complex vector yn=x(?n(i))+vn, wherein n represents the sequential number of the transmission attempt for a particular packet and vn represents noise. This method enables the packets to be transmitted while using an improved ARQ routine that includes soft-combining decisions and a constant constellation with a constellation complexity greater than two bits/symbol to thereby significantly improve ARQ-routine performance over the current state of the art.

Abstract: An apparatus for reproduction of an image frame in an image receiving system is disclosed. The apparatus includes a demultiplexer for restoring a received signal to a decodable bitstream and generating start information of each image frame of the bitstream, and an image decoder for decoding the bitstream restored by the demultiplexer, thereby generating a reproducible I frame or P frame, which is an image frame; an image reproduction time uniformity processing module for buffering each image frame output from the image decoder, and then outputting the buffered I frame or P frame while delaying the I frame or P frame based on the start information of each image frame provided by the demultiplexer according to a preset delay time. The present delay time has been preset to be greater than a processing time period required for decoding of an I frame and to be less than a time interval between image frames in the image bitstream.

Abstract: A subscriber of the Emergency Alert System (EAS) receiving an EAS alert message can obtain additional multimedia information in based upon the location of the subscriber. The additional multimedia information can include information pertaining to available shelter, medical facilities, the location of emergency supplies, a plume map, evacuation routes, or the like. In an example embodiment, the Global Positioning System or other device location systems is utilized to determine the location of the subscriber. The location information along with EAS alert information is used to query a database to obtain the additional information.

Abstract: Method of processing a transmitted encoded media data stream is received. If a data element arrives prior to, or at, a predetermined playout deadline, the data element is decoded, the media represented by the decoded data element is played, and the data element is provided to a decoder state machine to update a decoder state. If a data element arrives after the predetermined playout deadline, the data element is provided to the decoder state machine to update the decoder state. In one embodiment, if the specified data element fails to arrive by the playout deadline, a subsequently received data element is saved in memory. Then, if the specified data element arrives after the predetermined playout deadline, the specified data element and the saved, subsequently received, data element are provided to the decoder state machine to update the decoder state.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for estimating transmission noise in a programming information signal. Channel noise power in binary phase shift keying (“BPSK”) modulated telecommunication may be estimated. Such a method may include receiving over the channel a reference signal and a data BPSK signal. The data BPSK signal may include the programming information. The method may include formulating a channel transfer function estimate for the channel based on the reference signal. The estimate may include a channel estimation error. The data BPSK signal may be equalized using the transfer function estimate. The data BPSK signal may include noise, which may be quantified in terms of power. The data BPSK signal noise power may be estimated in such a manner that is independent of the channel estimation error.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resource allocation requesting method and a packet scheduling method for uplink packet traffic in a mobile communication system, and an apparatus of the packet scheduling method. For efficient scheduling for the uplink traffic, scheduling is performed according to characteristics of traffic between a base station and user equipment (UE). Particularly, when the traffic generates a variable size packet on a periodic basis, the traffic is classified into first traffic that generates a completely variable size packet on a periodic basis and second traffic that generates a quasi-variable size packet on a periodic basis. In addition, the UE requests resource allocation in a different form from the base station depending on the type of traffic, and the base station performs scheduling according to the resource allocation request.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying a code group representative of a predetermined number of base stations is disclosed. A chip offset within a frame is input into a first correlator. A plurality of samples of chips at which a primary synchronization code (PSC) has been detected are input into the first correlator. Output of the first correlator is multiplied by the complex conjugate of the PSC to obtain a magnitude for the signals being transmitted at the chips inputted into the first correlator. The magnitude is summed over four frames. The summed signals view of a predetermined set of decision variables is evaluated. A case number, a code group, a timeslot location, and a system frame number are determined based on the evaluation and noise estimation.

Abstract: An automatic technique for generating signatures for malicious network traffic performs a cluster analysis of known malicious traffic to create a signature in the form of a state machine. The cluster analysis may operate on semantically tagged data collected by connection or session and normalized to eliminate protocol specific features. The signature extractor may generalize the finite-state machine signatures to match network traffic not previously observed.

Abstract: The present invention includes: a synchronous-word detecting unit receives a baseband received signal including a synchronous word and data for each frame, and detects whether or not the synchronous word is coincided with an expected value in the baseband received signal by using an N-(N is an integer of 2 or larger) phase sampling clock; a phase information retaining unit retains phase information accumulatively including results detected for a plurality of frames by the synchronous-word detecting unit, and determines a phase to be sampled on the basis of the retained phase information; a phase selecting unit selects and determines a phase of the sampling clock on the basis of determination by the phase information retaining unit; and a FIFO buffer samples the data from the baseband received signal, and outputs the sampled data.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, systems and methods for mapping user experiences over a network include obtaining path data related to a first sequence of user navigation events, obtaining path data related to a second sequence of user navigation events that is at least different than the first sequence of user navigation events, comparing path data of the first and second sequences of user navigation events, identifying changes to the path data, and generating a map of the user navigation events based on the identified changes to the path data.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for detecting priority of data frames comprising the steps of extracting (S1) a bit pattern from a predetermined position in a frame, comparing (S2, S3) said extracted bit pattern with a search pattern, and identifying (S4) said received frame as a priority frame in case said extracted bit pattern (BP) matches with said first search pattern (SP). By this method, the priority of a data frame can easily be detected. The invention also proposes a corresponding device for detecting priority of data frames.