Abstract: In one example, an indication of a time during which a network communication obtained from a first network node was processed by the first network node, and an indication of a propagation delay from a second network node to the first network node, are obtained. A time during which the network communication was processed by the second network node is determined. A propagation delay from the first network node to the second network node is calculated based on the time during which the network communication was processed by the first network node and the time during which the network communication was processed by the second network node. A difference between the propagation delay from the first network node to the second network node, and the propagation delay from the second network node to the first network node, is determined and compensated is made for that difference.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and other implementations for minimizing latency asymmetries and variations in a bi-directional link between two nodes in a communication system are described. To determine a variable latency for communication between two network nodes, a transmitting node can insert a line marker and a client marker into the data to be transmitted to the receiving node. The line marker and client marker can be inserted into the data at different portions or by different components of a transmitter. The receiving node can receive the transmitted data and extract the line marker and client marker. A delay associated with the line and client markers (Tc-TL) in the transmission device and a delay between the reception of the line and clien markers (Rc-RL) at the receiving node can be used to determine the variable latency.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing master and slave nodes on a high-speed Ethernet connection includes sending a first plurality of synchronization pulse units from the master, receiving at the master a second plurality of synchronization pulse units sent by the slave in response to receipt of the first plurality of synchronization pulse units, monitoring at the master for receipt of a first synchronization pulse unit from the second plurality, having a predetermined characteristic, monitoring at the master for receipt of at least one further synchronization pulse unit, from the second plurality, having the predetermined characteristic, and recognizing receipt of the second plurality upon receipt of the first and at least one further synchronization pulse unit having the predetermined characteristic, where the first synchronization pulse unit and the at least one further synchronization pulse unit meet either a first temporal spacing condition or an integer multiple of the first temporal spacing condition.

Abstract: Due to massive available spectrum in the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, cellular systems in these frequencies may provide orders of magnitude greater capacity than networks in conventional lower frequency bands. However, due to high susceptibility to blocking, mmWave links can be extremely intermittent in quality. This combination of high peak throughputs and intermittency can cause significant challenges in end-to-end transport-layer mechanisms such as TCP, such as the challenging problem of bufferbloat. Specifically, with current buffering and congestion control mechanisms, high throughput-high variable links can lead to excessive buffers incurring long latency. A dynamic receive window approach addresses the problem of bufferbloat.

Abstract: One example of a computer-implemented method of adaptively setting Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Retransmission TimeOut (RTO) values comprises establishing a connection between a sender node and a receiver node using TCP; determining a network location of the receiver node relative to the sender node; and dynamically setting, by the sender node, an RTO minimum value for the receiver node based on the determined network location of the receiver node relative to the sender node.

Abstract: A sensor may determine a sampling pattern based on a group of synchronization signals received by the sensor. The sampling pattern may identify an expected time for receiving an upcoming synchronization signal. The sensor may trigger, based on the sampling pattern, a performance of a sensor operation associated with the upcoming synchronization signal. The performance of the sensor operation may be triggered before the upcoming synchronization signal is received.

Abstract: In accordance with aspects of the present invention, a method of synchronizing two integrated circuits is presented. A method of synchronizing two integrated circuits can include sending a first pulse from a master IC to a slave IC over a SYNC bus; receiving a second pulse on the SYNC bus from the slave IC; checking the second pulse; triggering an interrupt if a failure is detected; and initiating measurement if synchronization is detected.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for real-time video streaming with latency control are disclosed. Using a media streaming system, a current frame of a video input is acquired from an input pipeline. The current frame is associated with a timestamp. A mapped timestamp associated with the current frame is determined. The mapped timestamp represents the timestamp mapped to a clock associated with the media streaming system. Based at least in part on a comparison between the mapped timestamp and a deadline for frame output, the current frame is either transmitted to an output pipeline according to the deadline, held for evaluation against one or more subsequent deadlines, or discarded.

Abstract: In order to supply drive elements with necessary power supply while maintaining a constant current power supply system even in a case where ON/OFF control of a power source or various operation settings of the drive elements are executed at high speed, a constant current supply device 10 is provided with: a constant voltage acquisition means 20 for extracting a constant voltage from a supplied constant current; a conversion means 30 for converting the extracted constant voltage to a drive current of a desired size and outputting same; and a control means 60 for controlling the size of the drive current flowing to a current control element 5k according to control content of n-sets of drive elements 41-4n, current control elements 51-5n, and a drive element 4k, which are connected in parallel to each other, and into which the drive current is inputted.

Abstract: Systems and methods for synchronizing the clocks of a central device and one or more destination devices are disclosed. In some embodiments the central device and destination devices are implemented in a space-based or high-altitude asset. The central device provides a series of synchronization pulses to the one or more destination devices. In response to detecting, at the destination device, the synchronization pulse, a sample of the destination device clock is stored in a register. The sample is provided to the central device. The sequence is repeated at least once. A phase offset between the central device clock and the destination device clock may be determined based on the returned samples and the position of the samples within the register.

Abstract: An appliance for providing compression technique for jitter sensitive application through multiple network links is described. The appliance has one or more processors and includes a link quality estimator, a jitterless compressor, and a link switcher. The link quality estimator is configured to measure latency over a first link and a second link, wherein the second link has a longer latency than the first link. The jitterless compressor is configured to accumulate packets for a time period associated with a difference in latency between the second link and the first link, and determine a number of packets based on a packet size associated with the accumulated packets and bandwidth of the first link. The link switcher is configured to acquire the determined number of packets, wherein the determined number of packets have been compressed, transmit a first packet over the second link, and transmit the acquired number of packets over the first link.

Abstract: A method is presented of allocating communication time slots contained in repeating frames for communication between an inductive wireless power transmitter and at least two inductive wireless power receivers, wherein the power transmitter and the power receivers are arranged to communicate by means of modulation and demodulation of an inductive power signal. The transmitter sends synchronization messages marking the start of the communication time slots and the frames, and messages indicating if a time slot is unallocated. A receiver may send, during an unallocated time slot, send a message to the transmitter requesting allocation of the unallocated communication time slot. The transmitter subsequently sends messages to indicate if the communication was successfully received, and if the allocation request is granted.

Abstract: An online system receives data and processes the data in a data processing pipeline. To data loss in the data processing pipeline, the online system determines a time interval during which each item of data is received and associates a set of counters with each time interval. For each time interval, an input counter is incremented for each data item received during the time interval and an output counter is incremented for each data item received during the time interval that was processed by the data processing pipeline. The online system compares an input number from the input counter and an output number from the output counter for each time interval. Based on a difference between the input number and output number for a time interval, the online system determines if a loss of data received during the time interval occurred. Lost Data are identified and processed.

Abstract: A system on chip (SoC) includes a control circuit configured to determine whether a requested operating mode is one of a functional mode and a monitoring mode. The control circuit is configured to provide a request signal to at least one clock circuit to request at least one clock signal and selectively output one of the at least one clock signal in response to at least one acknowledgment signal received from the at least one clock circuit, when the requested operating mode is the functional mode. The control circuit is configured to selectively output one of the at least one clock signal without providing the request signal, when the requested operating mode is the monitoring mode.

Abstract: A processing module for a receiver device. The processor module comprises a channel estimate generation component arranged to output channel estimate information for a received signal, and a timestamping module arranged to determine a ToA measurement for a marker within a packet of the received signal based at least partly on the channel estimate information for the received signal generated by the channel estimate generation component. The channel estimate generation component comprises a validation component arranged to derive a validation pattern for the packet within the received signal for which a ToA measurement is to be determined, identify a section of the packet containing a validation sequence, and perform cross-correlation between at least a part of the validation sequence within the packet and at least a part of the validation pattern to generate channel estimate validation information.

Abstract: A method and a device for providing a global clock in a system, the terminals in the system are channel connected to each other via paths, each terminal is communicatively connected to a clock source ultimately via a signal recording unit, respectively, the clock source sends a calibration signal to the network, the signal recording unit records the current transmitting time T (0) of the calibration signal, each terminal will receive the calibration signal sequentially due to different distances from the clock source and will return the signal, the backward signals are returned to the signal recording unit along the network sequentially, and the signal recording unit records the time T (n) of each backward signal sequentially, in this way, the signal recording unit can then measure the delay between each terminal and the clock source signal, which can be used as a correction parameter to ensure that all terminals are in exactly the same time reference, in addition, in this way, there is no need to control the

Abstract: A distributed control system and a control method for the distributed control system are provided that reduce adjustment and setup steps required when the system are applied to a control using sensors and actuators. The distributed control system includes a central communication unit and terminal communication units, the central communication unit and the terminal communication units connected to each other through a network. Communication control setup is automatically performed for each of the terminal communication units when control is exercised by using sensors and actuators connected to the terminal communication units based on each transmission characteristic of the time when a physical quantity generated by driving each of the actuators propagates to each of the sensors and on the setup of required performance of control.

Abstract: A method of link adaptation performed by an access point supporting multi user (MU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) in wireless local area network system is provided. The method includes transmitting, to a first station, a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) containing a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) request (MRQ) and receiving, from the first station, a MCS feedback (MFB) in response to the MRQ, wherein the first station is one of destination stations of MU-MIMO transmission performed by the access point, and the MFB includes a recommended MCS value computed, by the first station, on the assumption that the first station, as a member of the destination stations, receives data transmitted over at least one spatial stream allocated to the first station in MU-MIMO transmission.

Abstract: A method for communication of plain information during channel access, according to a pre-defined channel access scheme, such as TDMA or FDMA or CDMA, by slightly modulating in a transmitter a parameter related to the channel access, such as time of transmission or frequency of transmission, using this modulation to encode plain information, while keeping the channel and the compatible receiver tolerant to this slight modulation.

Abstract: Method and arrangement in a user equipment for adjusting signals transmitted in uplink to a network node, based on a feedback value received from the network node. The method comprises transmitting a signal, to be received by the network node. Further, the method comprises receiving a feedback signal from the network node, providing feedback on the transmitted signal. In addition, the method comprises obtaining a value of a time delay of the received feedback signal. Furthermore, the method comprises adjusting signals transmitted in the uplink according to the received feedback signal, wherein compensation is made for the obtained time delay value of the received feedback signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for synchronizing multiple transmitters is disclosed. A global time reference is used to synchronize the arrival of data from a plurality of secondary transmitters in a receiver station. In one embodiment, the global time reference is provided by a GPS satellite, and may also be used to synchronize the carriers of the signals received at the receiver station from each of the plurality of transmitters. In one embodiment, a pilot signal used for ATSC applications is added by the secondary transmitters.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer readable media may adjust an encoding rate based on network conditions between a transmitter and a receiver. Either the transmitter, receiver, or both the transmitter and receiver may determine the encoding rate. In one aspect, a ratio of received network data to transmitted network data is determined. An encoding parameter is then determined based on the determined ratio. In one aspect, the encoding parameter may be used to adjust an encoder. In another aspect, the determined encoding parameter may be transmitted to an encoding or transmitting node. In another aspect, an amount of data buffered in a network is determined. A sustainable throughput of the network is also determined. A transmission rate is then determined based on the sustainable throughput and the amount of data buffered. An encoding parameter is then adjusted based on the transmission rate.

Abstract: This disclosure includes systems and methods for determining the location of each of a plurality of STAs of a WLAN where an AP measures the round-trip time (RTT) and the angle of arrival (AOA) to each STA from implicit packet exchange, such as data frame and ACK frame. The AP may then report the RTT and AOA measurements to each STA using a dedicated beacon information element (IE) which multicasts RTT and AOA measurements to the STAs. By employing an additional parameter, namely, angle of arrival AOA, a single AP may compute the two-dimensional location of each associated STA. Further, another beacon IE may multicast mapping of the AIDs to MAC addresses so that the associated STAs can understand such mapping for STAs in a network so that one STA may know the location of other STAs. Encryption may be employed to achieve privacy.

Abstract: Method and arrangement in a user equipment for adjusting signals transmitted in uplink to a network node based on a feedback value received from the network node. The method includes transmitting a signal, to be received by the network node. A feedback signal is received from the network node, providing feedback on the transmitted signal. A value of a time delay of the received feedback signal is obtained. Signals transmitted in the uplink are adjusted according to the received feedback signal to compensate for the obtained time delay value of the received feedback signal. Related methods and arrangements in a network node are presented.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a first signal generation unit configured to sequentially generate first and second delay signals in response to a first column control signal, the first and second delay signals having reflected a delay time and a multiplied delay time selected from a plurality of delay times in correspondence with an arrangement location of a unit memory region, through data is input/output, respectively, and a second signal generation unit configured to generate a second column control signal delayed by the selected delay time as compared with the first column control signal, to determine an activation time point of the second column control signal in response to the first delay signal, and to determine a deactivation time point of the second column control signal in response to the second delay signal.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for compensated time stamping for time-sensitive network communications are provided. In this regard, one or more timestamps generated in an OSI layer above the physical layer may be adjusted based on parameters associated with an amount of time in which data traverses a PHY of the network device. Communications of the network device may be managed based on the adjusted one or more timestamps. The parameters may comprise one or more of: average ingress PHY traversal time, average egress PHY traversal time, variance of ingress PHY traversal time, and variance of egress PHY traversal time. One or more network links coupled to the network device may be characterized based on the one or more adjusted timestamps. The parameters may be stored in one or more registers within a PHY of the network device.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting communication channel delay asymmetry between transmission line protection devices. The method comprises: calculating, repeatedly, clock disparity between clocks of the protection devices and communication delays at different paths of the communication channel; comparing the latest calculated clock disparity and communication delays with previously calculated clock disparities and communication delays, respectively; determining a channel switching has happened if a change of the calculated clock disparity exceeds a first threshold, or a change of the calculated communication delays for any path exceeds a second threshold; and determining the channel delays as asymmetrical if a difference between the calculated communication delays of the different paths after the channel switching exceeds a third threshold.

Abstract: A slave node (104) includes N time regeneration units (105 to 107) each of which communicates with each of N master nodes (101 to 103) to compute a propagation delay between each master node (101 to 103) and the slave node (104) and regenerates a time of each master node (101 to 103), a time comparison unit (108) that independently computes each comparison result between the time of each master node (101 to 103), which is regenerated by each of N time regeneration units (105 to 107), and a reference time held by the slave node (104), and a reference time determination unit (109) that computes each correction value by carrying out weighting for each comparison result computed by the time comparison unit (108) based on the propagation delay and determines a reference time of the slave node (104) by carrying out statistical processing by using the correction value. With this configuration, it is possible to improve precision and accuracy of synchronization of the time of the slave node at low cost.

Abstract: A communication device transmits a first packet to a first device via a network device, and receives a second packet from the first device. A transmission time between the communication device and the first device is calculated using time indicated by the communication device when the communication device transmitted the first packet, time indicated by the first device when the first device received the first packet, time indicated by the first device when the first device transmitted the second packet, time indicated by the communication device when the communication device received the second packet. A size of the first packet is set so that wait time of the first packet at the network device is within predetermined period. The wait time is calculated by assuming that a third packet transmitted from a second device is inputted to the network device before the first packet is inputted to the network device.

Abstract: A master device and slave devices are connected with each other through an SDA and an SCL, and at least one of a serial communication data signal communicated through the SDA and a serial communication clock signal communicated through the SCL is latched with use of a noise removal clock signal whose frequency is higher than that of the serial communication clock signal, and is taken in.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of operating a communications network, comprising the steps of: receiving a plurality of packets from a network node; determining a first parameter based on the time period between the reception of a packet and the reception of the subsequent packet; determining a second parameter based on the variation of the first parameter; and determining the performance of the communications network in accordance with the ratio of the second parameter to the first parameter.

Abstract: A system is provided and includes a buffer, an interface, a processor, and an output device. The interface is configured to receive a packet from a network. The processor is configured to: determine a delay of the network in transmitting the packet; prior to storing the packet in the buffer, determine statistics of the buffer, and an amount the buffer is filled; determine a predetermined delay of the buffer based on the delay of the network, and the statistics; estimate an actual delay of the buffer for the packet based on the amount the buffer is filled; generate an error signal based on the predetermined delay and the actual delay; and based on the error signal, one of compress and expand the packet to change a first length of the packet to a second length. The output device is configured to output the packet based on the second length.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for aligning each scheduling service in an optical transport network. When a cross scheduling unit in a cross board sends service data to each service board, inserts a frame header indication signal into the sent service data, data frames in the sent service data are aligned according to the frame header indication signal, each service board performs a delay to the above service data according to a service delay time when receiving the service data and extracting the frame header indication signal, after the delay time is up, encapsulates the service data to be scheduled and sends to the cross broad to be cached, aligned and scheduled. The present invention also discloses a system for aligning each scheduling service in an optical transport network.

Abstract: A computer with a software defined radio that can be configured based on a wireless technology specification. The computer may negotiate with a second computer that also includes a software defined radio to define a set of wireless technology specifications and trigger events indicating when each of the wireless technology specifications is to be used. As the computers communicate, if a trigger event occurs, both computers may reconfigure their software defined radios using a different specification in the set. By appropriately defining the wireless technology specifications in the set and the trigger events, the computers can operate with configurations that allow communication despite events that might otherwise disrupt communication between the computers.

Abstract: Processing of a signal received at a node in a network is described in which effects on the signal caused by applying an action to a first part of the signal are quantified based on characteristics of the first part of the signal and effects on the signal caused by not applying the action to the first part of the signal are quantified based on characteristics of a second, subsequent part of the signal. The action may then be selectively applied either to the first part of the signal or to the second part of the signal based upon the quantifications. In some embodiments, the action is applied to a portion of the signal for which the effects on at least one measure of the signal quality are less detrimental.

Abstract: A method for estimating round-trip time (RTT) values for data packets travelling in a telecommunication network is disclosed. During a first time interval (206) which begins with the start of a data transmission, estimated RTT values (14) are generated by filtering a periodic sequence of RTT samples (12) with a self-initializing expanding memory polynomial (EMP) filter (16) and, after a first switch-over time at the end of the first time interval, the estimated RTT values are generated by filtering the RTT samples with a fading memory polynomial (FMP) filter (18). The first switch-over time is determined by comparing an FMP estimation error and an EMP estimation error, where the FMP estimation error is the difference between an output of the FMP filter and the RTT samples, and the EMP estimation error is the difference between an output of the EMP filter and the RTT samples, and triggering the first switch-over time when the FMP estimation error becomes equal to or less than the EMP estimation error.

Abstract: A multimedia apparatus and a synchronization method thereof are provided. The multimedia apparatus includes a video output unit which outputs a video, and a control unit which transmits an audio signal to the external device through the communication module and operates the video output unit to display a video corresponding to the audio signal by delaying the video based on delay information received from the external device through the communication module.

Abstract: A system and method are described to provide a next generation cable gateway/modem based on the DOCSIS standard with a scheme to synchronously combine channels in the physical layer to increase overall bit rates for coaxial cable data transmission. The systems and methods synchronize the counters associated with multiple channels, including continuity counters, at the transmitter to zero and then allow the counters on individual channels to increment individually. At the receiver, individual channel delays of individual channels will be thus recognizable based on the information provided by the counters associated with each channel. A buffer at the receiver is informed and used to individually delay one or more of the multiple channels to marry up continuity counter values. In this manner, the buffer acts to essentially equalize delays in individual channels with the continuity counter representing the mechanism for specifying the individual delays for the separate channels.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for making latency measurements and using these measurements in routing in optical networks. In an exemplary embodiment, a method is defined whereby two nodes sharing a line automatically determine whether both nodes are capable of making a latency measurement and then which node will initiate and which node participates in making the latency measurement. In another exemplary embodiment, an on-demand latency measurement may be made between any two arbitrary nodes within a domain. Routing messages may be used to disseminate the latency of links via a signaling and routing protocol. Advantageously, the present invention provides measurement of latency and latency variation of customer circuits (i.e., SNCs) using an in-band, non-intrusive calculation with a high-degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the present invention may consider these calculations for circuit routing based on the latency and circuit acceptance based on maximum latency restrictions.

Abstract: A network device configured to determine a transmit delay interval for the transmission of data over a wireless network. The network device includes an adaptive access control circuit configured to determine, during a predetermined time interval, an amount of data transmitted by the network device over the wireless network, determine, during the predetermined time interval, an amount of data received by the network device over the wireless network, determine a difference between the amount of data transmitted by the network device over the wireless network and the amount of data received by the network device over the wireless network, and adjust the transmit delay interval based on the difference.

Abstract: A basic idea is to determine scheduling priorities of users based on information representative of experienced end-to-end quality of user communication in an overall network, and allocate communication resources in a wireless sub-network (100; 200) of the overall network to users based on the determined scheduling priorities. For example, the sub-network (100; 200) may be a wireless access network within an overall network, and end-to-end quality information related to the overall network may then be taken into account in the local scheduling procedure in the access network.

Abstract: A system and method for utilizing multiple communication pathways for communication hand-off (e.g., in a MIMO system). Various aspects of the present invention may comprise an access point communicating with a communication system utilizing a first number of transceivers. After determining to perform a hand-off of the communication system to a second access point, simultaneously, a second number of communication system transceivers may be utilized to communicate with the first access point and a third number of communication system transceivers may be utilized to communicate with the second access point. Various aspects of the present invention may also comprise an access point initially communicating with a communication system utilizing a first number of transceivers. After determining to hand-off the communication system, the access point may communicate with the communication system utilizing a second number of transceivers that is different from the first number of transceivers.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are described for aligning lanes of low speed serial links coupled to a transceiver. The transceiver cooperatively performs lane alignment operations with a low speed device during initialization of the transceiver and the low speed device. The lane alignment operations are performed in-band using the low speed serial links, and therefore, do not require additional out-of-band-signaling wires between the transceiver and the low speed device to perform the lane alignment operations. The lane alignment operations may be performed by a handshaking process performed by the transceiver and the low speed device, where the transceiver and the low speed device provide training pattern(s) of data that are used to align the low speed serial links. The low speed serial links are continuously monitored after initialization is complete to detect various transient impairments and to re-initiate lane alignment operations in response to detecting such impairments.

Abstract: There are provided measures for enabling a terminal-assisted improvement of timing-based positioning accuracy. Such measures may exemplarily include measuring a cell-related timing value for timing-based positioning calculation on the basis of a cell-originated positioning-related signal and measuring a terminal-related timing value for timing-based positioning calculation at an apparatus to be positioned, and utilizing the measured cell-related timing value and the measured terminal-related timing value for timing-based positioning calculation relating to the apparatus to be positioned at a network side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for range extension is wireless communication systems. One embodiment of the method includes determining whether a mobile unit is within a first range corresponding to a range of timing advances supported by a timing advance command. This embodiment also includes transmitting a plurality of timing advance commands to the mobile unit when the mobile unit is outside the first range so that the mobile unit can synchronize with the base station by combining information in the plurality of timing advance commands.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for transmitting packets in a packet communication network comprising at least two stations, characterized in that it includes means for: extract image cues from a synchronizing signal, initializing a first counter based on said image cues, initializing a second counter every “m” zero crossing of the first counter, sampling the second counter at all the Tech periods, where Tech is derived from a time base synchronized on all the network stations, and transmitting packets containing the samples in the network. The invention also concerns a device for receiving packets in a packet communication network comprising at least two stations.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a system and/or methodology that provide improved wireless networking performance by dynamically adapting the channel width. A dynamic adaptation component adjust the channel width based on at least one characteristic of a wireless network, the characteristics can include but are not limited to range, power consumption, throughput, signal to noise ratio (SNR), resilience to delay spread, data rate, and capacity. Additionally, an optimization component can determine an optimum channel width.

Abstract: Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) related functions for use in packet communications carried in part by a microwave communications link include setting of time of day values across the microwave link and providing transparent clock functions. The PTP functions may be used for synchronizing radio base stations in a cellular network. The transparent clock can bridge Ethernet switches associated with microwave stations providing the microwave communications link.

Abstract: A network component comprising pre-transmit logic coupled to a transmitter that transmits packets, wherein the pre-transmit logic is configured to determine whether a scrambling sequence for a packet complies with at least a threshold line pattern criteria, and if not, delay transmission of the packet to at least partially offset the scrambling sequence used for the packet, wherein the pre-transmit logic comprises a sequence evaluator that determines whether a scrambled packet complies with at least the threshold line pattern criteria.

Abstract: The described embodiments include a first electronic device that sends one or more dummy packets to a second electronic device to cause network hardware in a network connection between the first and second electronic devices to forward buffered push messages and/or acknowledge messages.