Abstract: A multidirectional time-division multiplexing wireless data communications system can prevent erroneous data from being transmitted through a data communication line even when a bit error has occurred in transmission data. An error correcting redundant bit, obtained by performing an error correcting code operation on a low-speed continuous signal, is multiplexed to a specific vacant slot in a wireless frame. A burst signal, converted by a continuous/burst signal conversion circuit through an interleaving operation, is multiplexed to a predetermined time slot, and transmitted to a wireless area. The burst signal is received by the conversion circuit, and converted into a continuous signal through a de-interleaving operation. A division circuit divides an error correcting code to generate a syndrome. Based on the syndrome, an error position detection circuit specifies bit error position in data, and an addition circuit corrects errors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for synchronizing multiple-stage multiplexers are disclosed. According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, multiplexer circuits in the multiple-stage multiplexer are synchronized based upon a frequency response of the output of the multiplexer. The power level of the output of the multiple-stage multiplexer is measured at a frequency corresponding to the input data rate of the multiple-stage multiplexer, during the time a test pattern is sent through the multiple-stage multiplexer. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the multiple-stage multiplexer is placed in substantially random states until the measured power level reaches the predetermined.

Abstract: A method and system for transporting SONET signals over an optical telecommunications network, the method including generating a ComBus signal, including payload data, J1/C1 and synchronous payload envelope (SPE), per SONET path, Smart extracting of data from the ComBus signal (J1 detection and N/P detection), gathering the payload data and J1 into short packets, adding a packet header to each short packet, transporting the short packets to a destination, and generating C1 and SPE at the destination so as to reconstruct the SONET signals out of the ComBus signal.

Abstract: There is provided a transmission device capable of efficiently synchronous multiplexing control for downsizing and reduction in power consumption. A count control part performs a channel management control on the basis of specific information on a cross-connect basis by commonly using a count control of channels of a high-bit-rate multiplexing unit signal and those of a low-bit-rate multiplexing unit signal. A head position detecting part detects a head position of path information based on a pointer value. A clock exchange memory part performs clock exchange with respect to valid path information indicated by the head position. A write counter generates a write count value, and a read counter generates a read count value. A pointer adding part adds a pointer to the valid path information read. A cross-connect circuit uses a two-plane memory, and cross-connects a signal with the pointer being replaced by memory reading based on memory switch information.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus using a virtual concatenated path in an SDH transmission system is capable of engaging one or more extra paths by an automated sequence execution to meet a traffic requirement that is higher than usual but up to a maximum speed of a user who is usually assigned virtual concatenated paths in a number smaller than capable of transmitting the maximum traffic.

Abstract: A transmit virtual concatenation processor for multiplexing channelized data onto a SONET/SDH frame is disclosed. The processor is scalable and is able to handle mapping a number of data channels to a number of different frame sizes including STS-12, STS-48, STS-192 and STS-768. The processor supports virtual concatenation with arbitrary channel mapping at both STS-1 and STS-3c granularities. The processor also supports contiguous concatenation with STS-12c, STS-24c, STS-48c, STS-192c, etc. capacities (i.e., STS-Nc where N is a multiple of 3). In addition, the processor supports mixed concatenation where some channels are using contiguous concatenation and some other channels are using STS-3c-Xv virtual concatenation. Alternatively, the processor is able to support any virtual concatenation, any contiguous concatenation and any mixed concatenation.

Abstract: A communication apparatus for interfacing various types of signals with different bit-rates is provided. The communication apparatus includes a receiving part receiving input signals, generating frames of a predetermined common format containing control information of the input signals and determining whether the frames are valid and a control part receiving the frames from the receiving part and performing a predetermined internal process based on the result of the determination.

Abstract: An integrated communication system for communicating Ethernet and PDH/SDH/SONET data using time division multiplexing techniques is provided. The integrated communication system time division multiplexes PDH/SDH/SONET data with Ethernet data, and transmits and receives the combined data stream using Ethernet-based communication technology. The integrated communication system is cost effective for providing both Ethernet and PDH/SDH/SONET communication services, since separate transmission facilities are not required. In addition, the time division multiplexing method is more cost effective than the wave division multiplexing (WDM) method since WDM equipment is not required. The integrated communication system can act as a standalone system or be incorporated into other network systems.

Abstract: The multiplexer device comprises a multiplexing means for multiplexing a plurality types of media information and outputting a multiplexed bit stream, a priority deciding means for deciding priority corresponding to each of the media information, and a multiplexing controller for controlling multiplexing of each of the media information according to the multiplexing means based on the priority decided by the priority deciding means. In addition the priority in each information is multiplexed.

Abstract: Provided are a transceiver for use in an optical communication network, an optical information transmission method, and an optical communication network in which optical signals are transferred via a first data connection from a first transceiver to a second transceiver via a number of interconnected network node devices, wherein in order to set up a second data connection between first and second transceivers, there is sent from the first transceiver to the network node device connected to the first transceiver a data connection setup signaling signal in which information referring to the desired course of the second data connection is included.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interfacing a parallel connection, the parallel connection transmitting high bit-rate signals for a short distance. The method comprises: receiving a synchronous N-bits input data flow at a first input frequency; inserting said input data flow into parallel packets having a given length; and outputting said packets having a given length at a second output frequency onto a M-wires parallel connection.

Abstract: A hybrid interface for handling different types of data streams is disclosed. Both OC192 and OC768 data streams can be transported between terrestrial and submarine systems using hybrid interfaces. Examples include processing branches that use common FEC units, multiplexers, demultiplexers, transmitters and receivers for both types of data streams. WDM channels are allocated in groups for OC768 data stream handling. Time misalignment between received channels within a group is identified and compensated.

Abstract: In order to allow geographically separate SONET/SDH networks to be interconnected transparently without changes in clock content, payload and overhead, it has conventionally necessary to use dark fiber. For relatively low bandwidth operators this is prohibitively expensive. The present invention proposes a scheme using a mapping and virtual concatenation scheme to allow SONET/SDH to be carried in a bandwidth efficient manner over a SONET/SDH link whilst maintaining clock integrity.

Abstract: A method and a Network Element (NE) for manifesting alarms by forming a so called combined Data Quality Byte (DQB) for a particular SDH/SONET data transmission stream. The DQB indicates status of alarms at a particular location of the telecommunication network, via which the stream is transmitted. The DQB can be formed by arranging a plurality of alarm signals, currently actual for the particular data transmission stream, in a predetermined byte associated with the stream frame. The NE, upon receiving from an upstream network element a data transmission stream with its DQB1 formed upstream, creates an updated DQB2 and compares DQB1 with DQB2 to manifest an alarm status change &Dgr;DQB for estimating quality of transmission via the network section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data transmission system and a method, in general, and to a data transmission system and a method for frame-oriented digital data, in particular.

Abstract: To obtain a wavelength group wavelength converter in which each wavelength group can be switched without decreasing any efficiency of an exchange while a miniaturization and a lower cost are kept. An input wavelength group is demultiplexed into individual wavelengths by an optical demultiplexer. The demultiplexed wavelengths are converted by wavelength converters, and multiplexed into the wavelength group by an optical multiplexer. The optical demultiplexer employs an element (Arrayed-Waveguide Grating or the like) capable of demultiplexing the wavelength groups cyclically, making it possible to convert wavelengths for a wavelength group composed of different wavelengths, whereby it is possible to eliminate a collision between the same wavelength groups at the time of switching each wavelength group in a wavelength group exchange.

Abstract: A system for automated monitoring of pest insects having sensor units which include an insect electrocutor trap modified by the inclusion of electronic circuitry to sense, count and store the numbers of insects killed by it. The numbers of insects can be displayed at the electrocutor and/or transmitted to a remote computer that can acquire and time-stamp counts from thousands of distributed electrocutors for subsequent analysis and display. The data from the units is transmitted through a communications system which is organized into a two or more levels of multiplexing modules. Each multiplexing module has a plurality of inputs from next level multiplexing modules, with the exception of the last level multiplexing modules. The last level multiplexing modules have a plurality of inputs from sensor modules outputting data.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus, and related method, for providing a reconfigurable frame counter that can accommodate differing start of frame pulse locations in a synchronous communication system. The frame counter may be integrated with existing devices thus providing a cost effective advance in the functionality of existing communication devices. The reconfigurable frame counter includes a multiplexer, a byte processor and a frame counter. The multiplexer byte interleave multiplexes a plurality of lower data rate SONET signals to generate a higher data rate SONET signal of framed data bytes. The byte processor processes transport overhead bytes of the higher data rate SONET signal in accordance with a frame byte count value. The frame byte counter counts clock pulses that are each associated with the arrival of a framed data byte and generates a frame byte count value that corresponds to a frame byte location of the currently received framed data byte.

Abstract: An interface for an optical node with a plurality of input ports and output ports in SONET/SDH optical network connected to a plurality of virtual concatenation channels has a plurality of input ports for taking Ethernet signals as inputs, and a plurality of output ports for selectively outputting Ethernet frames in the Ethernet signals to the virtual concatenation channels. A method classifies the Ethernet input pipes in a SONET/SDH network with a plurality of virtual concatenation channels, and allocates the classified packets onto the virtual concatenation channels.

Abstract: The multiplexer device comprises a multiplexing means for multiplexing a plurality types of media information and outputting a multiplexed bit stream, a priority deciding means for deciding priority corresponding to each of the media information, and a multiplexing controller for controlling multiplexing of each of the media information according to the multiplexing means based on the priority decided by the priority deciding means. In addition the priority in each information is multiplexed.

Abstract: An SDH transmission unit which processes various classes of digital bitstreams regardless of their levels of the SDH multiplexing hierarchy, harmonizing the signal formats handled in its integral cross-connect facilities. High-order group transmission units are installed in their dedicated high-order group slots on a mounting rack, and through the wiring on a backplane, they are connected to high-order group ports of a cross-connect unit installed in the same rack. Similarly, low-order group transmission units are installed in dedicated low-order group slots on the mounting rack, and connected to low-order group ports of the cross-connect unit through the backplane. Both high-order and low-order group transmission units are designed to send and receive multiplexed signals at a predetermined level of the SDH multiplexing hierarchy.

Abstract: A method of ring protection is provided. The method includes feeding traffic on two transmission rings at a head end node and summing all traffic received on the transmission rings at the head end node. When a facility failure is detected, by a remote node, on one of the two transmission rings, transmitting forward alarm signals on the one transmission ring and return alarm signals on the other transmission ring and globally selecting the one transmission ring to transmit traffic and the other transmission ring to receive traffic from the head end node. When a remote node receives a forward alarm signal, the remote node passes the forward alarm signal on the transmission ring on which the forward alarm signal was received and globally selects the transmission ring on which the forward alarm signal was received to transmit traffic and the other transmission ring to receive traffic from the head end node.

Abstract: An on-chip RAM FIFO (first-in-first-out) buffer for storing SPE overhead bytes wherein each entry of the RAM FIFO stores (1) a byte of the SPE overhead; (2) an indication of which byte of the SPE overhead is currently stored in that entry; and (3) an indication of which STS signal that byte was taken from.

Abstract: An overhead insertion interface unit connected to a high-speed line via a frame processing unit includes a TOH FIFO, a POH FIFO, and a common gate for transmitting a TOH input request and a POH input request to an external device. Each of the FIFOs receives a TOHAV signal together with TOH data and POH data sequentially, and the frame processing unit performs insertion processing. Overhead extraction processing is performed by the reverse of the operations for insertion processing, using the frame processing unit and the overhead extraction interface unit.

Abstract: In a distributed data processing system each component is provided with an object orientated platform together with instantiations of a generic network object for each application involving data transmission, enabling it to run a multiplexing/demultiplexing object appropriate to each application being processed. This effectively provides multiple concurrent data “pipes” over a single physical/logical connection.

Abstract: A time frame switching method and system of data units that utilize a time frame labels and a common time reference (CTR), which is divided into a plurality of contiguous periodic time frames. The system is designed to operate with high-speed wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) links. The plurality of data units that are contained in each of the time frames are forwarded in a pipelined manner through the network switches, and can be switched from any incoming WDM channel to any subset of outgoing WDM channels responsive to the time frame labels and the common time reference. The combination of time frame labels and CTR can be further used for protection when a failure occurs.

Abstract: A network device (NWE) for a digital transmission network with synchronous digital hierarchy receives data steams containing frames with data packets mapped therein and addressed by a phase reference identifier. Internally, the network device has redundant transfer paths which potentially cause different delay. The network element compensates for that delay by adjusting the phase reference identifier allocated to a respective data packet by a predetermined phase correcting value, leading in the phase, which corresponds to a maximum expected delay for transfer of the data packets on internal transfer paths, and by buffering the data packet by a buffering time such that its buffering time and its delay actually needed for passing through the network device in total correspond to the maximum expected delay taken into account by the phase adjustment.

Abstract: This invention specifies how control information is inserted in the flow of data units on a channel between two common time reference (CTR) driven switches in order to delineate time frames, sub-time frames, and time cycles. The delineation enables the receiver to unambiguously associate the received data units with time frame, sub-time frame, and time cycles. The invention further introduces a method for counting data units in order to, among other things, detect the end of a time frame, the end of a time cycle, and the position and value of other control information.

Abstract: The invention has an object of enhancing the service capacity and the operability of a network and simplifying the maintenance and control of the network by adopting a size automatic change mode after a path is set and providing arbitrary pathsize at arbitrary time. To achieve the object, the following means is provided. The service capacity and the operability of a network are enhanced and the maintenance and control of the network are simplified by adopting a size automatic change mode that the size of an input path signal conforms to information written to line overhead H1 and H2 bytes and an output path signal is transmitted with the pathsize the same as the size of the input path signal. A case that receiving path size changes exceeding a band and the fault of a path is caused occurs by providing both modes of fixing pathsize and automating pathsize to a user, flexibly corresponding to various service and automatically changing pathsize.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for establishing a path in a synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) system and method thereof The present invention monitors all possible locations for the existence of the C2 byte of the VC-n (n=3,4) signal and a size bit (SS bit) of the TU-m (m=11,12,2,3) signal, thereby enabling it to decide the pointer interpretation and generation path automatically.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting a multi-frame in multiplex transmission, includes (a) a first interface through which a plurality of data traffics is input and output, (b) a second interface through which a SONET/SDH frame is received from a SONET/SDH network and through which a SONET/SDH frame produced by multiplexing the data traffics is output to the SONET/SDH network, (c) a mapper which receives the data traffics through the first interface, maps each of the data traffics, in a multi-frame including SONET/SDH frames by the number equal to or greater than the number of the data traffics, to each of the SONET/SDH frames, and transmits the SONET/SDH frames to the second interface, and (d) a demapper which receives a multi-frame which the second interface receives through the SONET/SDH network, extracts each of the data traffics out of each of SONET/SDH frames constituting the multi-frame, and transmits the thus extracted SONET/SDH frames to the first interface.

Abstract: Pieces of node equipment are each caused to store a management table which shows whether any resource in the system is inhibited from being switched by APS or permitted to be switched by APS. Each of the pieces of node equipment comprises not only an APS control section for realizing the APS function but also a switching inhibit control section for partially inhibiting the switching process by the APS control section on the basis of the management table, and a set request accepting section for accepting a set request message including the management table sent from network management equipment, interpreting the management table included in the message, and creating a management table to be stored in a memory unit.

Abstract: A channel reassignment is accomplished without causing a momentary interruption resulting from a mismatch in pointer value. After a bridge setting is made between a source channel and destination channel at a first node designated as the starting point of a reassignment section, messages B/C are sent out from the first node toward a fourth node designated as the end point. Second and third nodes that received the message C each transfer the message to the next node after interlinking the pointer operation of the destination channel with the source channel. The fourth node that received the message C sends out a message D toward the first node after changing the setting of a TSA. The second and third nodes that received the message D transfers the message to the next node after clearing the pointer interlinking operation.

Abstract: A customer premise network equipment and a data communication method based on a single ring configuration are disclosed. The equipment includes a plurality of subscriber terminals connected one-to-one or one-to-multiple or a broadcasting type between a network and a subscriber by a single ring, and a customer premise network terminal equipment connected by a single ring for receiving an one-to-one protocol and implementing a communication between the subscriber terminals and an access between the subscriber terminal and the network.

Abstract: A board duplexing apparatus for an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch and a method of controlling the same. The method comprises the step of monitoring in real time whether duplexed boards in each pair of duplexed boards of the ATM switch process ATM cells independently of each other or are subject to occurrence of a fault, the step of, upon the fault occurrence in a specific one of the duplexed board pairs, releasing a connection to a faulty one of the duplexed boards in the specific duplexed board pair and setting up a connection to the other duplexed board in the specific duplexed board pair, and the step of setting up a new version of connection information of the faulty duplexed board in the other duplexed board, providing an ATM cell service to all subscribers and returning to a normal state if the fault is removed. According to the invention, if a fault occurs in any board, a duplexing operation is performed, resulting in an increase in system reliability.

Abstract: A method is proposed for transmitting virtual containers of SDH or SONET signals in which a group of AU-3s or AU-4s or AU-3-Nc's or AU-4-4c's is transmitted in a novel VC-Y-Xc transport module having an AU-PTR and an AU-POH for the group. The VC-Y-Xc transport module for SDH or SONET serves to form a group of virtual containers and has a PTR for the group, a POH for the group and a maximum of X-1 virtual container locations for transmitting tributary bits, where X is a natural number greater than 1 and Y is equal to 3 or 4 or a natural number greater than 1. For higher-order transmission channels, for example, VC-4s or VC-3s or also VC-4-Nc's or VC-3-3Nc's, a channel bundling is performed if said channels are transported jointly at least over a subsection. The network management has only to manage, to protect and to switch the one bundle instead of a multiplicity of individual channels.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus utilizing an SDH is provided. The transmission apparatus includes a processing unit controlling the transmission apparatus, an SSM extraction unit extracting a first SSM from an input signal, and a selector selecting either of the first SSM and a second SSM set by the processing unit. The transmission apparatus can add an incoming SSM function, for instance, to an external 2 Mbps SSM function in addition to an assumed SSM function. Accordingly, the transmission apparatus can conform to the ITU-T G.781 Recommendation by utilizing a related-art synchronization function.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data transmission system for the frame-oriented digital data transmission of a plurality of useful signals embedded in a carrier signal, using time-division multiplex operation, rate matching being undertaken between the useful signals and the carrier signal by means of stuff locations. The data to be stuffed, and the management information for the reassignment are embedded in previously unused 8 bytes in the path layer overhead of the carrier signal superframe, and protected by an HC(6,3,3) code. Clear channel signals can advantageously be transmitted using the system, and the transmission is time-transparent and data-transparent.

Abstract: Multiplexing/de-multiplexing sections are respectively provided on STM-4 substrates STM-16 substrates, STM-64 substrates to de-multiplex each of an STM-4 signal, STM-16 signal, STM-64 signal from a tributary transmission line LL into STM-1 signals. Then, transmission interfaces extending from the respective above substrates to time slot exchanging sections are all uniformed to STM-1 which is a basic transmission speed in SDH.

Abstract: A method is described for transmitting/receiving STM-4 (SDH) or STS-12 (SONET) digital signals over two RF carriers in a radio regenerator section. The method provides for performing, in transmission, a de-interleaving operation of the standard frame to be transmitted in such a way as to subdivide it by columns into two sub-frames. The RSOH bytes of the standard frame are terminated and transmitted over the two working channels or over one service channel and one working channel so as to be protected in a 1+1 configuration: In reception, a column interleaving operation recombines together the two sub-frames and recovers and correctly rearranges the RSOH bytes so terminated as to obtain the standard frame originally received from the transmitter. The generated sub-frames are synchronized with the standard frame.

Abstract: The data transmission and reception system comprises a data transmitter and a data receiver. The data transmitter generates and transmits a high-speed serial signal through a transmission path and the data receiver receives the serial signal. The data transmitter, when forming the frame for every tributary signal, inserts into the frame a frame bit indicating a boundary of the frame and, after having formed the frame, performs only a bit synchronization with respect to every tributary signal. On the other hand, the data receiver, for a respective tributary signal, stores a data indicated by the tributary signal and, in a timing based on a detection of the frame bit of the tributary signal and a reference frame pulse commonly issued between tributary signals, outputs the stored data to thereby perform the tributary synchronization.

Abstract: A method of carrying out multiplex transmission of a subscriber service signal, includes the steps of (a) converting a subscriber service signal including x digital subscriber line (xDSL) signals, from an analog form to a digital form, (b) storing a plurality of thus converted sampling digital signals and control signals into a first multiple signal, and multiplexing in time-sharing a plurality of the thus produced first multiple signals to thereby produce a second multiple signal, and (c) transmitting the second multiple signal.

Abstract: An add/drop cross connection apparatus of an SDH system, comprises an aggregate unit matching device for providing matching with the aggregate units, a higher order path connection circuit for subjecting received higher order path data to cross connection by space switching, a lower order path connection circuit for subjecting received lower order path data to cross connection by space switching, and a selector for selectively delivering the data supplied from the aggregate units, higher order tributary device, and lower order tributary device, wherein the selector delivers the data to the higher order path connection circuit or lower order path connection circuit according as the data is the higher or lower order path data.

Abstract: A device for converting at least four parallel data streams on respective input data lines into one serial data stream on a fiber optic data line. The device includes a first multiplexer for multiplexing at least two of the parallel data streams into a first intermediate output stream and a second multiplexer for multiplexing at least two other of the parallel data streams into a second intermediate output stream. A serializing transmitter is coupled to the first and second multiplexers for serializing the first and second intermediate output streams into the serial data stream. A signal synchronizes the serializing of the first and second intermediate output streams and tags output data in the serial data stream as corresponding to data from each of the respective input data lines. In-band messaging is used to transfer commands and status messages between devices without affecting ongoing data stream communications.

Abstract: In situations where 2.048 megabit E1 (32 channels) access to the customer premise is not available, the only option other than provisioning a 45 megabit T3 line to the customer premise is to provision two 1.544 megabit T1 (24 channels) lines, and inverse multiplex the customer's E1 signal onto the two T1 lines at the customer premises. At the network point-of-presence (POP), the applicable thirty-two channels of the two T1 lines are remultiplexed onto a single E1 line. The remaining sixteen channels of the two T1s are wasted. To prevent wasting these channels, the present invention provides an additional standard customer interface to enable transport of multiple 64 kilobit applications. The resulting N.times.64 kbit data stream can then be multiplexed onto the two T1 lines transporting the E1 signal. The inverse multiplexer at the network point-of-presence (POP), while remultiplexing the 32 T1 channels onto an E1 line, also extracts the DSOs carrying the N.times.

Abstract: A control system for a motor vehicle has several components for carrying out different tasks to control the vehicle. The data, which are necessary from the components, are acquired independently by the components either via data interrogation or via request relationships.

Abstract: The invention provides a time division multiplexing system for a digital exchange which suppresses appearance of a time slot which, although exchanging can be performed by a time division switch, is put into a non-used state to improve the efficiency in use and which allows line interface apparatus to be accommodated in a time division multiplexing highway even where the line interface apparatus require a multiplicity larger than that of the highway to suppress an increase in circuit scale and simplify the circuit construction.

Abstract: An up-grading method for a transmission apparatus including at least one low-speed side interface device, at least one high-speed side interface device, and a cross connection or add/drop MUX device which has at least one of a function of multiplexing a signal from the low-speed side interface device to connect the multiplexed signal to the high-speed side interface device, a function of distributing a signal from the high-speed side interface device to the low-speed side interface device, and a function of establishing physical and logical signal paths between any low-speed side and any high-speed side interface devices.

Abstract: A system for controlling a telecommunications component is provided. The system includes a first data format transceiver resource object that contains data related to a first data format transceiver. The first data format transceiver converts data from a first data format to a second data format. The system further includes a second data format transceiver resource object that contains data related to a second data format transceiver. The second data format transceiver converts data from a third data format to the second data format. In addition, the system includes a controller coupled to the first data format transceiver resource object and the second data format transceiver resource object. The controller changes the data of the first data format transceiver resource object and the data of the second data format transceiver resource object.