Abstract: In a process for the production of cement clinker, in which raw meal is preheated in a preheater (3) using the hot exhaust gases from a clinker kiln, and the preheated raw meal, which is optionally calcined in a calciner (4), is burned to clinker in the clinker kiln (2), wherein the preheater (3) comprises at least one string of a plurality of cyclone suspension-type heat exchangers (8, 9, 10), through which the kiln exhaust gas successively flows and in which the raw meal is preheated in stages, a partial stream of the kiln exhaust gas is diverted such that only a remaining residual stream of the kiln exhaust gas is utilized for preheating the raw meal.

Abstract: A down-fired flame burner includes a flame charger and one or more field electrodes configured to control flame shape and/or heat transfer to a chemical reactor.

Abstract: In a method of charging fine-grained metals, in particular directly reduced iron (DRI), into an electric-arc furnace (1), the metal is supplied via a downpipe (12) to an opening (10) provided in the furnace roof (4), is introduced into the furnace (1) through this opening (10) as bulk material stream (11), and falls onto the melt (13) merely by gravity. Further, an electric-arc furnace (1) suited for this purpose is described. A rather loss-free introduction even of fine-grained material having a mean grain size of less than 1 mm is achieved by passing the bulk material stream (11) through a dosing orifice (8) after the downpipe (12) and before entering the furnace (1). The bulk material stream (11) then enters the furnace essentially undisturbed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element. The present invention provides an apparatus for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element that can easily realize a high-density array of thermoelectric conversion elements and secure connection reliability. This is an apparatus for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element that sucks a p-type or n-type thermoelectric conversion material into heat-resisting insulating tube 102 and includes preheating apparatus 205 that can heat tube 102 to a predetermined temperature before sucking the melted thermoelectric conversion element. Tube 102 whose temperature condition is adjusted by being heated by preheating apparatus 205 is inserted into crucible 204 and the molten thermoelectric conversion material is sucked into tube 102 by decompression apparatus 201.

Abstract: A method of processing electric arc furnace dust includes the steps of preheating a portion of electric arc furnace dust to a temperature of at least 170 degrees centigrade by convection heating to form a preheated dust. The preheated dust is further heated by microwaves until a zinc in the preheat dust vaporizes to form a metal vapor and a residue. The metal vapor is then condensed.

Abstract: A system for producing significant quantities of noble metals from low-grade ore. A mixture of particulate feed containing small amounts of noble metals, a base metal, and activated carbon are placed in a non-conducting container. The container is surrounded by a coiled transmission line and heated via a combustion chamber. Pairs of electrical pulses having equal amplitudes and opposing directions are applied to each end of the transmission line so that the opposing pulses collide within the transmission line, the collision points traveling in a sweeping motion along the transmission line. Other pairs of pulses are sent in repeated cycles of multi-chord pulse trains, each chord having a specific frequency ranging preferably between 5000 to 7000 cycles per second.

Abstract: A conductive metal jumper strap has a plate portion with a pair of connection legs forming a u-shape. The connection legs are adapted to connect to terminals to make an electrical connection between two components of a heating device. The plate portion has a bend in it to allow flexing so that the connection legs can make a jumper connection between terminals where the terminal spacing may vary between heating devices.

Abstract: In a process for melting down sponge metal (11) in an electric-arc furnace (1) having at least one electrode (6), the sponge metal (11) is introduced into the electric-arc furnace (1) under formation of at least one sponge metal jet (15) which in the immediate vicinity of an electrode (6) hits the bath level (16) present in the electric-arc furnace (1), and for decarburization and/or intermixing the bath and/or charging energy oxygen is blown into the melt (7).

Abstract: A quadrilateral assembly in an electric arc furnace wall for providing one or more coherent jets into the furnace and for providing preferably a plurality of post combustion oxidant streams into the furnace, preferably for forming a post combustion oxidant sheet.

Abstract: In a process for melting down sponge metal (11) in an electric-arc furnace (1) having at least one electrode (6), the sponge metal (11) is introduced into the electric-arc furnace (1) under formation of at least one sponge metal jet (15) which in the immediate vicinity of an electrode (6) hits the bath level (16) present in the electric-arc furnace (1), and for decarburization and/or intermixing the bath and/or charging energy oxygen is blown into the melt (7).

Abstract: A process for smelting metallic raw materials in a shaft furnace having beds of metallic raw material and coke comprises injecting concurrently into the shaft furnace (1) a mixture of flue gases and oxygen at a subsonic velocity and (2) preheated oxygen at supersonic velocity wherein the supersonic velocity oxygen is injected into the coke bed.

Abstract: A furnace for producing a melt for mineral wool production includes a shaft for preheating and melting of the raw material. A water-cooled grate is disposed in the bottom portion of the shaft, which supports a bed of ceramic filling bodies as well as the raw material. A combustion chamber is disposed underneath the shaft, which has a bottom portion for collecting the melt dripping from the shaft and an outlet for melt tapping. At least one main burner is disposed in the combustion chamber. Auxiliary burners are disposed above the grate. The bottom surface of the combustion chamber is larger, preferably 20 to 400% larger, than the transverse cross-sectional area of the shaft.

Abstract: A temperature regulating control unit and method of making the same are provided, the unit comprising a RTD temperature sensor, a unit for applying electrical signals to the sensor, and a microcomputer for receiving digital signals from the sensor in relation to the temperature being sensed by the sensor, the unit for applying electrical signals to the sensor applying a varying voltage to the sensor.

Abstract: A temperature regulating control unit and method of making the same are provided, the unit comprising a RTD temperature sensor, a unit for applying electrical signals to the sensor, and a microcomputer for receiving digital signals from the sensor in relation to the temperature being sensed by the sensor, the unit for applying electrical signals to the sensor applying a varying voltage to the sensor.

Abstract: A temperature regulating control unit and method of making the same are provided, the unit comprising a RTD temperature sensor, a unit for applying electrical signals to the sensor, and a microcomputer for receiving digital signals from the sensor in relation to the temperature being sensed by the sensor, the unit for applying electrical signals to the sensor applying a varying voltage to the sensor.

Abstract: A method of evaporating an evaporative substance under vacuum comprises bombarding the evaporative substance with electrons from a low voltage arc discharge established between a cathode and an anode which is located in an evaporation chamber and simultaneously supplying additional power for evaporation to the evaporative substance by means of an electron gun which produces an electron energy in excess of one keV. A device for carrying out the invention comprises an evacuable bowl, an evaporation chamber with a receptacle therein for a substance to be evaporated and means for establishing a low voltage arc discharge between a cathode and an anode located in the evaporation chamber, a further provision of an electron gun for bombarding the substance with electrons which has an electron energy more than one kilovolt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for burning fine-grain material, particularly for the manufacture of cement clinker from cement raw meal. The material is thermally treated in a multi-stage burning process with a pre-heating stage, a calcining stage with a high-degree of calcination, a sintering stage in a very short rotary kiln and a cooling stage. Fuel is introduced both into the sintering stage in the short rotary kiln as well as into the calcinating stage. Hot exhaust air from the cooling stage is supplied both to the sintering stage as well as to the calcining stage as furnace air. The invention also relates to an apparatus for the manufacture of mineral products of the burning process such as cement clinker.

Abstract: This relates to a heating system and process for reheating preforms prior to delivering the preforms to a blow molder. The heating system utilizes different types of heating units, one of which will heat the preform wall more highly at the interior surface and the other of which will heat the preform wall at the exterior surface. By effectively controlling the heat input to a preform from each heating unit and by controlling the outputs of the different heating units in combination, the desired temperature profile through the preform wall may be obtained substantially without any time in the oven being provided for heat equilibration and at the same time a maximum heating effort may be effected to produce the necessary heating of a preform within a minimal time and more uniformly than heretofore possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for burning fine-grain material, particularly for the manufacture of cement clinker from cement raw meal. The material is thermally treated in a multistage burning process with a pre-heating stage, a calcining stage with a high-degree of calcination, a sintering stage in a very short rotary kiln and a cooling stage. Fuel is introduced both into the sintering stage in the short rotary kiln as well as into the calcinating stage. Hot exhaust air from the cooling stage is supplied both to the sintering stage as well as to the calcining stage as furnace air. The invention also relates to an apparatus for the manufacture of mineral products of the burning process such as cement clinker.