Abstract: A method for controlling temperature in a thermal processing chamber includes determining temperature sensitivity profiles of one or more heating elements or zones for a substrate based on measurements of the substrate. The method also includes selecting a temperature offset value for each of the one or more heating elements or zones. The method also includes simulating the adjustment of each of the one or more zone offset values to a respective final adjusting value that achieves a predetermined goal. The method further includes adjusting the temperature offset values for each of the one or more heating elements to the respective final adjusted values.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) provides on-line, wafer-level, die-level, or package-level thermal calibration of an integrated thin-film resistor, by thermally enclosing the thin-film resistor with metal layers formed above and below the thin-film resistor along its length and width. Metal vias thermally couple the metal layers to the substrate to at least partially equalize the temperature of the metal layers and the thin-film resistor and the substrate. A controllable heat source, which may be provided by another thin-film resistor integrated on or below the substrate, and a reference temperature sensor provide heating/calibration measurement of the resistance of the thin-film resistor over a range of temperature. The reference temperature sensor may be provided within the IC, for example, integrated on the substrate or packaged with the die containing the thin-film resistor, or may be otherwise thermally coupled to the metal layers, e.g., by an extension of one of the metal layers.

Abstract: A method includes using a thermistor as a temperature sensor and connecting a pull-up resistor in series to the thermistor in a voltage divider circuit. The pull-up resistor is fabricated in an integrated circuit and includes a series of resistor segments connected to selectable voltage output tabs. The method further includes selecting an output voltage tab for a selected resistance segment having a selected resistance value to match a target resistance value for the pull-up resistor that is smaller than the as-fabricated resistance value of the pull-up resistor, calculating a ratio of a voltage on the thermistor and a voltage on the selected output voltage tab in the voltage divider circuit, and mapping the calculated ratio to a temperature value of the thermistor based on a temperature-resistance relationship of the thermistor in combination with the target resistance value of the pull-up resistor.

Abstract: The fuel gas system (100) for a vehicle (1) comprises: —a filling device (50) having an outlet pipe (56); —a first circuit (11) for providing fuel gas to an engine (8) of the vehicle, and including: —a first tank (12); —a first supply line (13) connecting the first tank (12) and the engine (8); —a first filling pipe (14) connecting the filling device outlet pipe to the first tank (12); —a second circuit (21) for providing fuel gas to a thermic device (9) capable of heating, cooling or refrigerating, the second circuit (21) including: —a second tank (22); —a second supply line (23) connecting the second tank (22) to the thermic device (9); —a second filling pipe (24) connecting the filling device outlet pipe (56) to the second tank (22).

Abstract: A predictive electronic thermometer circuit structure capable of temperature compensation is provided, including: a compensation module, a thermometer circuit, and a liquid crystal display (LCD) drive module. The thermometer circuit includes a temperature measurement oscillation circuit and a real measurement module. The compensation module and the real measurement module are connected in parallel between the temperature measurement oscillation circuit and the LCD drive module. The predictive electronic thermometer circuit structure controls the on and off of the compensation module and the real measurement module through a combination logic control switch respectively. When the compensation module is off and the real measurement module is on, an actual measured data is output. When the real measurement module is off and the compensation module is on, a temperature value is output after predictive compensation.

Abstract: A battery module is composed of a plurality of battery cells according to an embodiment of the present invention and includes one positive output terminal formed by connecting the plurality of battery cells, one negative output terminal formed by connecting the plurality of battery cells, a field effect transistor (FET) provided on a current path between the positive output terminal and an external device, a temperature information measurer for measuring temperature information of the plurality of battery cells, and a protection integrated circuit (IC) chip for controlling the FET.

Abstract: A self-calibration detection device and a temperature demodulation method oriented to a fiber Raman temperature sensing system. The self-calibration detection device comprises a fiber Raman thermodetector, thermostatic baths, a multi-mode sensing fiber, and a multi-mode reflector. The fiber Raman thermodetector comprises a pulsed laser whose output end is connected to the input end of a WDM. Two output ends of the WDM are respectively connected to input ends of a first and second APDs. Output ends of the first and second APDs are respectively connected to input ends of a first and second LNAs. Output ends of the first and second LNAs are connected to the input end of a data acquisition card whose output end is connected with the input end of a computer. The temperature demodulation method can solve the problems of low temperature measuring accuracy, lower temperature measurement stability and low temperature measurement efficiency.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus is disclosed. An integrated circuit (IC) includes a plurality of temperature sensors, a first thermal control loop, and a second thermal control loop. The first thermal control loop is configured to control temperature of the IC by reducing a frequency of a clock signal provided to the IC in response to a temperature at one of the plurality of temperature sensors reaching a first temperature threshold. The second thermal control loop is configured to control temperature of the IC by dithering the clock signal provided to the IC in response to a temperature at one of the plurality of temperature sensors reaching a second temperature threshold that is greater than the first temperature threshold.

Abstract: Respective values of a subset of the plurality of memory cells of a memory device are compared to a pattern of pre-programmed memory cells. The pattern pre-programmed memory cells comprise representations of values of the pattern of pre-programmed memory cells when a temperature criterion is satisfied. Responsive to determining that at least a threshold number of the respective values of the subset matches the pattern of pre-programmed memory cells, a temperature reading from a thermal sensor coupled to the memory device is identified. Responsive to determining that the temperature reading does not correspond to a temperature criterion, determining that the thermal sensor has failed.

Abstract: This application is directed to a method for correct temperature measurement. An electronic device includes a temperature sensor that measures an ambient temperature of an environment and a display that is driven by a display driver. The electronic device determines a brightness setting of the display, estimates a display driver current based on the brightness setting, estimates a driver efficiency of the display driver based on the display driver current, and combines a predetermined display driver voltage, the display driver current, and the driver efficiency to determine a power consumption of the display driver. An ambient temperature correction is determined in accordance with the determined power consumption of the display driver, and the measured ambient temperature is thereby corrected using the ambient temperature correction. In some implementations, a power consumption of a distinct heat-generating electronic component is also monitored for adjusting the ambient temperature correction.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for regulating temperature in a temperature calibrator, taking into account also a velocity of the change of the temperature. The characterizing features are the steps of calculating a rate of change of the actual temperature of the temperature calibrator by a derivator, which derivator takes the measured temperature, PVT, by the temperature sensor as its input, and letting a user to specify a maximum rate of change for the temperature, as an input value for the processor; and regulating the temperature of the temperature calibrator by the processor so that the maximum rate of change for the temperature is never exceeded, and so that during temperature regulation, when the temperature error signal decreases as a function of time, also the rate of change of the actual temperature is set to decrease as a function of time.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a short temperature measuring device using a dry body temperature calibrator; wherein a heat soaking block is placed in the furnace of the dry body temperature calibrator, and two temperature measuring holes are in the heat soaking block, the bottom of the furnace includes a temperature control element. This method includes electrically connecting the first standard temperature sensor to the temperature control element through the measuring module and the control module sequentially to form a closed-loop for temperature feedback control, accurately controlling the temperature of the temperature measuring hole, and calculating the temperature difference between the temperature sensor to be calibrated and the standard temperature sensor in the two temperature measuring holes respectively.

Abstract: In some examples, a device includes a memory configured to store a pre-warning threshold level for a parameter of a power switch. The device also includes a logic circuit configured to receive a signal from a controller and set the pre-warning threshold level in response to receiving the signal from the controller. The logic circuit is also configured to determine that a magnitude of the parameter of the power switch does not satisfy the pre-warning threshold level. The logic circuit is further configured to output an alert to the controller in response to determining that the magnitude of the parameter does not satisfy the pre-warning threshold level.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable of a medium, comprising at least one sensor element arranged in a sensor head for determining and/or monitoring the process variable, wherein an internal volume of the sensor head is filled at least partially with a filler. The filler includes at least one fill material, for which at at least one predeterminable phase transformation temperature a phase change occurs, in which the material remains in the solid state, wherein the fill material is in a first phase state when a temperature of the fill material is less than the phase transformation temperature, and wherein the fill material is in a second phase state when the temperature of the fill material is greater than the phase transformation temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a testing method for the thermal contact between a temperature sensor (50) and a battery cell (10) of a battery module (30), wherein the method comprises the steps of measuring a temperature T1 of the temperature sensor (50) at a time point t1, heating the temperature sensor (50) for a defined time (t2?t1), measuring a temperature T2 of the temperature sensor (50) at a time point t2 and/or a temperature T3 of the temperature sensor (50) at a time point t3, and determining the thermal contact between the temperature sensor (50) and the battery cell (10) based on at least one of the temperature differences ?T2,1=(T2?T1), ?T3,1=(T3?T1) and/or ?T3,2=(T3?T2).

Abstract: A battery pack includes a battery, a first temperature sensor configured to provide a first temperature value associated with a temperature of the battery, a heat source disposed proximate to the battery and configured to heat the battery, a second temperature sensor configured to provide a second temperature value associated with a temperature of the heat source, and a control board coupled to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, wherein the control board is configured to receive the first temperature value and the second temperature value. The control board is configured to compare the first temperature value and the second temperature value to determine a temperature gradient between the battery and the heat source and transmit an alert if the temperature gradient exceeds a first temperature gradient threshold.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system of a vehicle includes a controller, a first temperature sensor associated with a first location, and a second temperature sensor associated with a second location. The temperature measurement system is calibratable based upon a comparison of a temperature of the first location and a temperature of the second location, wherein the temperature of at least one of the first location and the second location is determined after a predetermined time from an end of operation of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for determining and/or monitoring temperature of a liquid and to a method for manufacturing a corresponding apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least one temperature sensor and a measuring element, wherein at least the temperature sensor and the measuring element are arranged in a single sensor head. Further arranged at least partially within the sensor head is at least one unit comprising a material with anisotropic thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a sensor device for determining the thermal capacity of a natural gas. The sensor device comprises a substrate, a recess or opening arranged in the substrate, a first heating component and a first sensing component. The first heating component comprises a first heating structure and a temperature sensor and the first sensing component comprises a temperature sensor. The sensor device is configured to measure the thermal conductivity of the natural gas at a first measuring temperature and at a second measuring temperature. The sensor device is configured to determine a first, in particular a constant, and a second, in particular a linear temperature coefficient of a temperature dependency function of the thermal conductivity and to determine the thermal capacity of the natural gas based on a fitting function. The fitting function is dependent on the first and the second temperature coefficient.

Abstract: A thin film thermal conductivity temperature sensor may have a spiral heating element having very tightly spaced conductors that allow the spiral heating element to act as a solid disc. Further, multiple electrical connections to the spiral heating element can be provided to allow the size of the heating and temperature sensing element to be changed. The sensor can be used in determining thermal characteristics of different material samples to be determined.

Abstract: A low-temperature dry body temperature calibrator used for temperature calibration of an element, and including a furnace body, a control panel assembly and a housing of modular design, the furnace body and control panel are assembled in the housing, the top surface of the housing has a plurality of heat dissipation holes, the top of the control panel assembly is spaced apart from the top surface of the housing, a flow guiding fan is at the top of the control panel assembly, and a flow guiding plate inclined to the heat dissipation holes on the top surface of the housing is above the flow guiding fan. The furnace body has a compact structure, and the radiators have a light weight and a high heat dissipation efficiency, improving the operation stability and temperature measurement accuracy of the furnace body, and the furnace body is suitable for temperature measurement of low-temperature elements.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a determining device that can improve the precision of determination as to the presence or absence of an abnormality as indicated by an output value. In order to solve this problem, a determining device according to the present invention includes a deriving means, a determining means, and an output means. The deriving means derives a degree value from an output value output from a sensor, the degree value indicating a degree of temporal variation in the output value. The determining means derives a third determination result relating to a first output value, which is the abovementioned output value, from a first determination result and a second determination result. Here, the first determination result is a determination result about the magnitude of the first output value relating to a first time, associated with the time when the sensor outputted the first output value.

Abstract: A method for calibrating an oxygen sensor of a household appliance includes a calibration process which is automatically started when at least one status parameter of the household appliance has at least reached a predetermined threshold value. The household appliance can be a steam cooking appliance, and the oxygen sensor can be a lambda probe.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus includes a chamber, a stage which is disposed within the chamber and on which a target substrate is seated, a deposition source disposed within the chamber and including a deposition material, a plurality of nozzles connected to the deposition source within the chamber to inject the deposition material in a direction of the stage, and an ionizer disposed between the nozzles and the stage to charge the deposition material injected from the nozzles. A first electric field is generated in each of the ionizer and the nozzles, and a second electric field having an intensity less than the first electric field is generated between the stage and the ionizer. Each of the nozzles includes a plurality of protrusion tips disposed on an inner surface of each of the nozzles to charge the deposition material.

Abstract: A vehicle includes: a radiator that cools cooling water; a grille shutter that is provided on a vehicle front side of the radiator and opens or closes a grille provided in a vehicle; a first flow path in which the cooling water passes through the radiator; a second flow path in which the cooling water does not pass through the radiator; a thermostat that switches a path between the first flow path and the second flow path; and a failure determiner that performs failure determination of the thermostat based on an actual temperature of the cooling water and an estimated temperature of the cooling water, the estimated temperature being calculated based on a temperature change of the cooling water caused by an open or close state of the grille shutter.

Abstract: A fluidic die may include at least two zones, a reference temperature sensor communicatively coupled to each zone, a calibration voltage generator coupled between the zones and the reference temperature sensor, and a calibration loop circuit associated with each zone to calibrate each zone based on a voltage provided by the reference temperature sensor.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present technology may provide methods and system for a battery. The system may provide a fuel gauge circuit configured to estimate a state of health of the battery based on known battery data as a function of time, temperature, and remaining capacity.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a high-accuracy contactless measurement method for measuring the temperature of a metal thermoforming mold, which is capable of timely monitoring the metal temperature in multiple areas and also has threshold warning functionalities for delivering real-time notifications, in order to save the labor costs for long-term monitoring.

Abstract: A temperature-determining device for determining a temperature (TMED) of a medium via a temperature of a surface includes: an ambient-temperature sensor, arranged in surroundings of the surface, for measuring an ambient temperature (TU); a surface-temperature sensor, lying on the surface, for measuring a mixed temperature (TM) lying between the temperature (TMED) of a medium and the ambient temperature (TU); and an arithmetic-logic unit having an approximation formula electronically stored thereon for calculating an approximation (TMEDN) of a temperature of a medium. The approximation formula is a sum of the mixed temperature (TM) and a product of two factors. The first factor results from a difference between the mixed temperature (TM) and the ambient temperature (TU) and the second factor results from a ratio of a dividend to a quotient. The dividend results from a difference between a calibration temperature (TMEDKAL) of a medium and a calibration mixed temperature (TMKAL).

Abstract: Temperature-sensor calibrating method enables a wireless-data-communicating wearable clinical thermometer to be reused. The thermometer's temperature sensor, for sensing and measuring a target subject's body temperature, is detachable from/reattachable into a main unit of the thermometer. The temperature sensor is calibrated whenever it is to be swapped out, making thermometer main unit post-multicycle-use disposable. The calibration is accomplished by sampling and acquiring a base resistance value per the temperature sensor, computing, based on the difference between the acquired base resistance value and a resistance value gauged with a standard temperature gauge, a calibration coefficient, storing the calibration coefficient in a measuring-device storage medium, and transmitting the calibration coefficient to the thermometer main unit.

Abstract: A sensor service prediction system and method are provided for a sensor. The system monitors sensor operations of the sensor, and provides a calendar age odometer which increments a calendar age of the sensor by a first time interval as the sensor operates. The system further provides an accelerated age odometer which increments an accelerated age of the sensor by a second time interval according to the increment of the calendar age and a sensor temperature or other measurable environmental condition associated therewith. The system obtains a value of a sensor property at different calendar ages or accelerated ages of the sensor over time, and predicts and outputs when the sensor property of the sensor is anticipated to reach a sensor property threshold based on the values of the sensor property in relations to the accelerated age.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method capable of analyzing a state of health (SOH) of a battery, and an apparatus and method capable of diagnosing whether or not to reuse the battery, wherein the battery SOH analyzing apparatus includes a memory unit configured to store reference temperature data according to depth of discharge (DOD) of a reference battery, or a reference temperature increase rate (K1) of a discharge last half with DOD of 50% or above, calculated therefrom; and a control unit.

Abstract: In one aspect, an example method includes (a) determining, via a thermal conductivity sensor of an automobile damage detection device, one or more thermal conductivities at one or more locations on an automobile; (b) transmitting, via a network interface of the automobile damage detection device, a request for anticipated thermal conductivity data from an automobile claims system, wherein the anticipated thermal conductivity data corresponds to anticipated thermal conductivities at the one or more locations on the automobile; (c) in response to transmitting the request, receiving, via the network interface from the automobile claims system, the anticipated thermal conductivity data; and (d) in response to receiving, from the automobile claims system, the anticipated thermal conductivity data, displaying, via a graphical user interface, a graphical representation of the determined one or more thermal conductivities and the anticipated thermal conductivity data.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for verifying a purported composition of material in a solid metal object based on heat transfer characteristics. Embodiments include determining, using a group of temperature sensors included in a heat sink, a heat transfer profile for the heat sink when connected to the solid metal object. One or more embodiments include comparing the heat transfer profile for the solid metal object to a baseline heat transfer profile determined based on dimensions of the solid metal object and the purported composition. One or more embodiments include determining, based on the comparing, a difference between the heat transfer profile and the baseline heat transfer profile. And one or more embodiments include indicating that the purported composition is verified in response to determining that the difference between the heat transfer profile and the baseline heat transfer profile is within a threshold.

Abstract: An article has a substrate and a layer atop the substrate. The layer has: a matrix comprising at least one of hafnium silicate (HfSiO4) and ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7); and barium magnesium alumino silicate (BMAS).

Abstract: A measuring arrangement for a thermal analysis of a sample, having a crucible for storing a sample in the crucible, as well as a sensor for measuring a sample temperature of the sample when the crucible is arranged on the sensor. To reduce the risk of damages to or even the destruction of used components as a result of chemical or physical reactions, it is provided according to the invention that the measuring arrangement further has an outer crucible for storing the crucible in the outer crucible, wherein the crucible is made of a crucible material and the outer crucible of an outer crucible material, which differs from the crucible material. The invention further proses a method for the thermal analysis of a sample, which is performed by using such a measuring arrangement.

Abstract: A cloud-based system for monitoring food storage/processing comprising at least one fixed sensor to collect fixed location environment data; at least one handheld sensor to collect mobile location environment data; and a remote monitoring and reporting system to collect the fixed and remote location environment data and to audit the collected data. A portable device comprises a processor configured to: receive the mobile location environment data; and transmit an auditable version of the received mobile location environment data to the remote system. A hub device comprising a processor configured to: receive the fixed location environment data; and transmit an auditable version of the fixed location environment data. The monitoring and reporting system is configured to determine whether the version of the environment data indicates that the monitored environment is operating within the bounds of a model defining correct operation of a food process and to output an alert if necessary.

Abstract: Embodiment disclosed herein include a liner assembly, comprising an injector plate liner, a gas injector liner coupled to the injector plate liner, an upper process gas liner coupled to the gas injector liner, a lower process gas liner coupled to the upper process gas liner, and an injector plate positioned between the injector plate liner and the upper process gas liner, wherein a cooling fluid channel is formed in the injector plate adjacent to the gas injector liner.

Abstract: A sensor bracket includes a locking wall formed on a bracket main body of the sensor bracket and to which a side surface of the engaging is locked in a pressed state, the side surface of the engaging protrusion being formed so as to cross with a protruding direction of the engaging protrusion; and a biasing piece having a base section and a tip region, the base section being formed so as to be supported by the bracket main body, the tip region being formed so as to abut the side surface of the engaging protrusion and to bias the engaging protrusion in a direction pressing against the locking wall, wherein a plurality of bending deformation sections bent in a state in which the biasing piece is biasing the engaging protrusion against the locking wall are installed between the base section and the tip region of the biasing piece.

Abstract: The method is used for detecting one failure in a burner of a combustor of a turbine system; the combustor comprises a plurality of burners arranged annularly; the turbine system comprises a turbine downstream of the combustor, the method comprising the steps of: A) providing a plurality of temperature sensors arranged annularly at the outlet of the turbine, B) detecting a plurality of temperatures through the plurality of temperature sensors, C) calculating a temperature spread indicator as a function of the plurality of temperatures, and D) carrying out a comparison the temperature spread indicator and a threshold; a positive result of this comparison indicates a burner failure.

Abstract: To provide an MFC capable of improving an S/N ratio of a sensor signal even when a pressure difference between both sides of the MFC is small and a flow rate in the sensor flow path is low. Provided is a mass flow controller including a fluid flow path that allows a fluid to pass therethrough, a plurality of flow sensor units that measure a mass flow rate of the fluid, an adjusting valve that adjusts a flow rate of the fluid passing through the fluid flow path, and a control unit that controls a degree of open of the adjusting valve. The flow sensor units are each a thermal flow sensor unit. The control unit calculates a mass flow rate from an added output signal obtained by adding the output signals of the plurality of flow sensor units, and controls the degree of open of the adjusting valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for calibrating a temperature measuring device of a dental oven by means of at least one calibration element, which is heated in the dental oven during a heating time interval (dt), wherein the at least one calibration element has at least one measurement material having a reversible phase transition occurring at a first transition temperature (TC1), the phase transition causes an abrupt change of at least one first parameter (I) of the dental oven, the temperature in the furnace chamber is measured by means of the temperature measuring device as an actual temperature (T), and the parameter (I) is measured, at least one first abrupt change (dI1) of the first parameter (I) is identified, a deviation of the first actual temperature value (T1), which is measured by the temperature measuring device when the first abrupt change (dI1) of the first parameter (I) occurs, from the first transition temperature (TC1) is determined, and the actual temperature (T) of the temperature measu

Abstract: A block calibrator for calibrating a temperature sensor includes a calibrator sleeve having at least one sensor bore into which the temperature sensor is insertable along a longitudinal direction. The calibration sleeve also includes a body having at least two sections having different thermal conductivities.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are presented relating to a plurality of current sources for generating a plurality of first bias currents to drive a plurality of LEDs and a plurality of measurement circuits for obtaining a plurality of first voltage measurements for the LEDs during a first test cycle. The current sources are further configurable to generate a plurality of second bias currents for driving the LEDs, and the measurement circuits are further configurable to obtain a plurality of second voltage measurements for the plurality of LEDs, during a second test cycle. A memory device is configured to store the first and second bias currents and first and second voltage measurements as a current-voltage (I-V) performance characteristic.

Abstract: A failure determination circuit includes a switching circuit that receives a signal including an output voltage from a temperature sensor and a first reference voltage and outputs the signal in a time division manner, an A/D conversion circuit that A/D converts an output of the switching circuit, and a first determination circuit, and the first determination circuit determines a failure of the temperature sensor based on a signal based on a first digital signal obtained by A/D converting an output voltage from the temperature sensor by the A/D conversion circuit, a signal based on a second digital signal obtained by A/D converting the first reference voltage by the A/D conversion circuit, and temperature characteristics data based on a change in characteristics of the temperature sensor due to temperature and a change in characteristics of the first reference voltage due to temperature.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a gas turbine having a compressor, a combustor, a turbine downstream of the combustor, and a total number of turbine outlet temperature measurements. The method includes locally measuring the turbine outlet temperature of the turbine with the turbine outlet temperature measurements of the respective turbine, and averaging measured temperatures of the selected turbine outlet temperature measurements to obtain an average turbine outlet temperature. The gas turbine operation is controlled depending on the determined average turbine outlet temperature.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis method of a coolant temperature sensor for a vehicle, may include determining, by a controller, whether or not it is in a flow stop state that stagnates the flow of coolant by a flow control valve; obtaining, by the controller, an engine outlet coolant model temperature when it is in the flow stop state; and diagnosing, by the controller, as a failure of an engine outlet-side outlet water temperature sensor when the coolant model temperature is equal to or greater than a reference temperature and the flow stop state is maintained by the flow control valve.

Abstract: An optical non-destructive inspection method includes: a heating laser emission step; an information acquisition step of acquiring measurement point information and heating laser information; a joint state determination step of determining the joint state on the basis of the measurement point information and the heating laser information; and a preliminary heating step, which is performed before the heating laser emission step, of causing thermal distortion in a first member by irradiating a measurement point, or a preliminary heating range that includes the measurement point, or a preliminary heating point set in the preliminary heating range, with preliminary heating laser adjusted to a thermal distortion generation intensity, which is a constant output intensity, and an irradiation time such that the thermal distortion is caused without destroying the first member.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for a vehicle that is designed to detect an interior temperature of the vehicle and that can be arranged in the vehicle. The temperature sensor provides improved usability and can be manufactured more easily. In particular, the temperature sensor allows raw data of the temperature sensor to be evaluated by the temperature sensor itself. An advantage of this setup thus is that a tedious sensor-specific adaptation of an associated control device in the vehicle for evaluating the raw data is not necessary. Different temperature sensors can be used with the control device without the control device having to be adapted in a different way to each of these temperature sensors.

Abstract: A wading structure health sensing distributed optical fiber calibration system and a method includes a heat insulation barrel, and calibration modules located in the inner ring of the barrel, the calibration module comprises a through-shaft, a first electronic thermometer and a second electronic thermometer, an optical cable to be calibrated is twisted on the through-shaft and is connected to an optical fiber temperature demodulator outside the heat insulation barrel, the first and second electronic thermometers are respectively connected to first and second temperature control meters outside the barrel, a temperature source wire for heating water in the barrel arranged in the wall of the barrel, the temperature source wire connected to a power temperature control meter outside the barrel, and the first temperature control meter connected to cooling and heating devices simultaneously through leads of the first temperature control meter.