Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for detecting a defect in a cold plate, configured for cooling an electronics component. The method includes: establishing a first fluid flow through the cold plate, the first fluid flow being at a first temperature; impinging a second fluid flow onto the interface surface, the second fluid flow being at a second temperature, the first temperature and the second temperature being different temperatures; obtaining an isotherm mapping of the interface surface of the cold plate while the first fluid flow passes through the cold plate and the second fluid flow impinges onto the interface surface; and using the isotherm mapping to determine whether the cold plate has a defect. In one embodiment, an infrared-transparent manifold is employed in impinging the second fluid flow onto the interface surface, and the isotherm mapping of the interface surface is obtained through the infrared-transparent manifold.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for diagnosing temperature sensor operation in an exhaust aftertreatment system. Temperature signals from first, second and third temperature sensors and a flow signal are received by a control circuit. The three temperature sensors are positioned in fluid communication with an exhaust flow path fluidly coupled to an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine, and the flow signal represents the flow rate of exhaust gas through the exhaust flow path. The control circuit determines average temperature differentials between each of the first, second and third temperature sensors as functions of the flow signal and corresponding ones of the first, second and third temperature signals, and produces a diagnostic fail signal if any of the differences between the average temperature differentials exceed a threshold value.

Abstract: In a gas mixture temperature estimation method for an internal combustion engine, before a forefront portion of a gas mixture reaches an inner wall surface of the combustion chamber, the gas mixture temperature is calculated in accordance with a predetermined equation which is based on the assumption that no head exchange occurs between the gas mixture and cylinder interior gas which exists around the gas mixture without mixing with fuel. After the gas mixture forefront portion reaches the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber, the gas mixture temperature calculated in accordance with the equation is corrected in consideration of the quantity of heat transfer between the gas mixture and the cylinder interior gas and the quantity of heat transfer between the gas mixture and the wall.

Abstract: A tool is disclosed, for measuring the important thermal characteristics of a unit of electronic equipment, which obtains air flow and temperature readings at both air inlet and air outlet openings of the unit without disturbing cable or wiring connections or otherwise interrupting device operation. The tool pressure sensing element is rotatable between detented positions to permit the tool to be used at both air inlet and air outlet openings. The tool air duct portion may be formed of separate duct portions to enable a single duct portion including the sensing instrumentation to be used with multiple duct portions that conform to electronic device air inlet and outlet openings to impart added flexibility to the tool.

Abstract: A thermal flow rate sensor includes: a bridge circuit having a heat-generating resistor generating heat by receiving a supplied current, a heating element temperature detector having a resistance value varying in accordance with a temperature of the heat-generating resistor and a fluid temperature detector having a resistance value varying in accordance with a temperature of a fluid; a comparison portion supplying a digital output indicating a difference between voltages at intermediate points in the bridge circuit; a DA converter converting an output from the comparison portion to an analog signal and supplying the resultant signal to the heat-generating resistor as the current; and an output operation portion accumulating outputs from the comparison portion for a prescribed period to output a result of accumulation as a flow rate for the prescribed period, of the fluid which is an object of measurement.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring a physical parameter of a fluid, in particular for measuring total air temperature, the sensor comprising: a fluid intake (1) fitted to a streamlined body (2); a duct provided in said streamlined body (2) to enable fluid flow, said duct communicating with said fluid intake; and a sensing element disposed inside said duct. The sensor is characterized in that it includes elements that give it improved measurement performance. In particular, the proposed air intake presents an inlet section which extends so as to define a sliding surface suitable for eliminating ice. The invention also provides an improved system for sucking in the boundary layer by using slots, and it also provides a ceramic sensing element that provides better thermal decoupling relative to the de-iced body.

Abstract: A method for non-intrusive determination of an internal temperature of a given area of an electrical machine stator, comprises obtaining a temperature gradient between an internal wall of the stator and an external wall of the stator, obtaining temperature measurements at locations on the external wall of the stator, and using the temperature gradient and the external temperature measurements to extrapolate corresponding internal temperatures of the stator.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting icing conditions in an airstream includes a flow housing mounted on an aircraft and in which one or more probes are mounted. At least one of the probes subjected to impingement of the airstream and liquid moisture droplets in such airstream. The heat removal, or cooling effect on the probe in the airstream carrying liquid droplets is determined. A temperature signal indicating the airstream temperature is combined with signals from the at least one probe for determining whether or not icing conditions are present.

Abstract: A dynamic heat flow meter is provided which introduces a measured air flow into the system adjacent the test sample (e.g., insulation product), for which thermal properties are to be measured. The heat flow meter then measures thermal properties (e.g., thermal conductivity and/or heat capacity) of the test sample taking into account air flow through and/or adjacent the test sample.

Abstract: A total air temperature sensor probe samples the air stream surrounding an aircraft in flight, and includes a duct carrying a fluid flow a portion of which is diverted to a primary chamber mounting a total air temperature sensor. A secondary chamber has a secondary sensor for sensing a different property of a sampled air stream. The secondary chamber is open to receive air flow from passageways in the total air temperature probe.

Abstract: A signal (Snormal) is provided to a heat element of a temperature sensor, which is recorded as a step response (Lruh, Lbew). From the difference of the step response compared with the reaction adaptively determined with the temperature sensor at zero air circulation, air flow or no air flow is determined.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for performance testing of heat dissipating modules (19) includes an enclosure (11) configured for receiving the heat dissipating module therein, a vertically movable platform (13) for supporting the enclosure thereon, a boosting mechanism (18) configured for raising the vertically movable platform, and a force gage (12) having a force-sensing portion (121) configured for abutting against a top of the heat dissipating module. The enclosure includes a mounting base (110) having a plurality of mounting holes (1101) defined therein configured for mounting of heat dissipating modules with various sizes thereon. The present heat dissipating module testing apparatus can fit heat dissipating modules with various sizes. Thus saving both cost and time in testing.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has a probe including a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor which are controlled to make measurements at specified time intervals. The measured values are used in solving the equation of heat conduction to estimate the temperature of an internal body position. A heater may be included to preheat a body part in order to reduce the time required for measurement. The probe may use two temperature sensors to measure temperatures at two body surface positions through insulating members which are different in thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A dynamic heat flow meter is provided which introduces a measured air flow into the system adjacent the test sample (e.g., insulation product), for which thermal properties are to be measured. The heat flow meter then measures thermal properties (e.g., thermal conductivity and/or heat capacity) of the test sample taking into account air flow through and/or adjacent the test sample.

Abstract: A total air temperature sensor probe samples the air stream surrounding an aircraft in flight, and includes a duct carrying a fluid flow a portion of which is diverted to a primary chamber mounting a total air temperature sensor. A secondary chamber has a secondary sensor for sensing a different property of a sampled air stream. The secondary chamber is open to receive air flow from passageways in the total air temperature probe.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring heat dissipation of a target heating element includes a reference heating element for emitting heat; a control unit; and a pair of temperature measuring devices for measuring representative temperatures of the target and the reference heating element and transmitting to the control unit signals indicating the representative temperatures. The reference heating element has an outer configuration and sizes substantially identical to those of the target heating element. The control unit controls the reference heating element such that the representative temperature of the reference heating element becomes substantially identical to that of the target heating element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining total temperature for aircraft. This device is particularly useful in a probe, called a multifunction probe, for measuring several aerodynamic parameters such as, for example, the total pressure (Pt), the static pressure (Ps) and the total temperature (TT) of an airflow surrounding the aircraft. The device includes a deiced temperature probe. To obtain the total temperature (TTcorrected) of the airflow, the temperature (TTmeasured) recorded by the temperature probe is corrected as a function of the upstream infinity parameters (M?, Pt?, Ps?) of the aircraft and of the power (P) dissipated in the probe in order to deice it.

Abstract: A leak detector for mixed heat exchangers. In mixed heat exchangers it is important to monitor leaks from the liquid flows to the gas flows since liquid can damage delicate machinery. A barrier is mounted on the gas side of the heat exchanger. The barrier contains at least two thermometers, one of which is thermally isolated from the gas flow inside of the barrier, and another which is in contact with the barrier. When cooler water droplets and vapor enter the gas flow they will come into contact with the barrier. This will lower the measured temperature dramatically in the thermometer which is in contact with the barrier, while the isolated thermometer will not have its measured temperature quickly lowered by the leak. Therefore a different in the measurement in the change in temperature of the thermometers will indicate a leak in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a membrane supported by a substrate and a circuit having elements for a substrate electrical resistance indicative of the temperature of a substrate and a membrane electrical resistance indicative of the temperature of a membrane. The substrate resistance and the membrane resistance are arranged in a bridge configuration to facilitate measurement of a differential voltage responsive to temperature change. The resulting temperature signal includes a first varying portion and a second varying portion. A controller receives a temperature signal from sensor, eliminates the second varying portion and generates a temperature value based on the based on the first varying portion. In this manner, the sensor provides an improved, fast response to changes in the surrounding temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a total temperature probe for an aircraft and to a method of determining temperature by means of such a probe. The total temperature measurement probe comprises a base, an external face of which is intended to be mounted so as to be substantially coplanar with a skin of the aircraft, and a mast that projects from the base and supports an active part of the probe. The probe furthermore includes several temperature sensors placed on, the external face of the base and distributed around the mast. The method consists in determining the total temperature of the air surrounding the probe on the basis of the temperature measurement carried out in the active part (4) of the probe and on the basis of the maximum difference that exists between the measurements made by the temperature sensors.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a tympanic thermometer including a heat sensing probe defining a longitudinal axis and an outer surface extending from a distal end of the tympanic thermometer. The heat sensing probe includes a sensor housing extending to a distal end thereof. A sensor can is mounted with the sensor housing and a nozzle is mounted onto the sensor housing. The sensor can includes temperature sensing electronics for sensing temperature via the heat sensing probe. The nozzle includes a base disposed with the sensor housing and an elongated cylindrical nose portion disposed about the sensor housing. The nozzle is configured to direct heat flux to the distal end of the heat sensing probe. A probe cover is mountable to the distal end of the tympanic thermometer. The probe cover has an inner surface configured to engage an outer surface of the nozzle.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has a probe including a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor which are controlled to make measurements at specified time intervals. The measured values are used in solving the equation of heat conduction to estimate the temperature of an internal body position. A heater may be included to preheat a body part in order to reduce the time required for measurement. The probe may use two temperature sensors to measure temperatures at two body surface positions through insulating members which are different in thermal conductivity.

Abstract: Sensing in an elevated-temperature environment is provided using a sensor system having a sensor housing with an exterior wall with a window-support region having an outwardly facing external face, and a window through the window-support region of the exterior wall and affixed to the exterior wall. A sensor unit contained within the sensor housing receives an input signal through the window. A thermal-insulation layer is on the external face of the window-support region of the exterior wall at a location immediately adjacent to the window. The sensor system is operated in an environment wherein the window-support region of the exterior wall is heated to a temperature of greater than about 100° C. in the event that no thermal-insulation layer is present. In a typical application, the sensor system is attached to an aircraft such that the external face is in a forward-facing orientation, and the aircraft is operated such that the external face is heated by aerodynamic heating.

Abstract: A total air temperature (TAT) probe for measuring TAT includes an inlet scoop which receives airflow from free stream airflow moving toward the inlet scoop from a first direction. A first portion of the airflow entering the inlet scoop exits the probe through a main exit channel. A second portion of the airflow enters a TAT sensor flow passage, which extends longitudinally along an axis. This axis is oriented to form an angle of less than 90 degrees with the first direction from which the free stream airflow moves toward the inlet scoop. A sensor assembly extends longitudinally in the sensor flow passage and measures a total air temperature of airflow through the sensor flow passage. By increasing the angle through which the internal air turns, better inertial extraction of ice and water particles is realized. As a result, sensor clogging from accreted ice is significantly reduced. A second improvement is achieved by repositioning the sensor element to be more in-line with the internal airflow direction.

Abstract: Method and device for thawing deep-frozen goods consisting of an organic cell mass such as foodstuffs, wherein heat is supplied to the goods from the surrounding atmosphere. During the thawing, the surface temperature of the goods (13) is controlled continuously. The supply of heat is controlled so that the surface temperature of the goods is kept within a predetermined time limited temperature area close to the freezing temperature of the goods with the temperature area in that connection lying slightly below, alternatively slightly above the freezing temperature. When the surface temperature of the goods during a predetermined time period is kept constantly within said alternative areas, the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere is adjusted to such a level that the surface temperature of the goods is kept constantly slightly above its freezing temperature until the goods is further transported to further preparation. The device is provided with a space (5) in which the goods (13) is enclosed.

Abstract: A temperature sensor device for use in a clean room has a housing, a covering tube extending from the housing, a lead wire protecting tube extending from the housing within the covering tube, and a generally cylindrical temperature sensor also disposed within the covering tube. A fixing end of the temperature sensor is detachably coupled to a distal end of the lead wire protecting tube. A plurality of lead wires protrude from the fixing end and extend through the lead wire protecting tube and into the housing. The temperature sensor includes a temperature sensor element at a free end thereof. The covering tube has at least one hole by which the temperature sensor element is exposed to the atmosphere. Accordingly, the temperature sensor is highly responsive to changes in temperature, and can be repaired, maintained or replaced with ease.

Abstract: A device for determining the temperature in the interior of a vehicle includes a temperature sensor for arrangement behind a wall adjacent the interior, and a processing unit receiving the measuring signal from the temperature sensor and outputting an output signal representing the temperature in the interior of the vehicle, and a thermal conductor for sensing the temperature of the air in the interior in the region close to the wall, the thermal conductor being in thermally conductive contact with the temperature sensor and being provided to extend up to or close to the wall or through an opening in the wall.

Abstract: A thermal interface composition undergoes a viscoelastic change at microprocessor operating temperatures to transfer heat generated by a heat source, such as a microprocessor to a heat sink. The composition includes a low melting alloy dispersed in a matrix. The matrix comprises a viscoelastic composition which softens at about the operating temperature of the heat source. The viscoelastic composition may include a thermoplastic elastomer, a compatible hydrocarbon oil, and a tackifying resin. In use, the thermal interface composition flows under pressure between the heat source and the heat sink to make thermal contact between the two. When the heat source is operated and reaches operating temperature, the viscoelastic composition softens and the low melting alloy melts at around the operating temperature to form a highly thermally conductive, generally homogeneous mixture which readily transfers heat to the heat sink.

Abstract: A temperature measuring method for a target substrate to be thermally processed in a semiconductor processing apparatus under a predetermined process condition is provided. This method includes the steps of detecting a heat flux supplied from at least part of the target substrate and detecting a temperature of a sensor by using the sensor facing the target substrate, and calculating a temperature of the target substrate from a parameter, including a thermal resistance between the sensor and the target substrate under the predetermined process condition, the detected heat flux, and the temperature of the sensor. The sensor is arranged opposite to heating means, through the target substrate, which heats the target substrate. The parameter may be obtained in advance by calibration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining a viewing window of a detector substantially clean includes enclosing the detector within a housing, and moving a target surface relative to the viewing window to create an airflow adjacent the viewing window. The housing can include an aperture through which the viewing window of the sensor views the target surface. Motion of the target surface creates an airflow velocity adjacent the viewing window for maintaining the viewing window substantially clean. To increase the accuracy of the detector, a high emissivity area is provided on an outside surface of the housing which faces the target surface.

Abstract: A total temperature probe with a complimentary sensor cavity for measuring multiple properties of a fluid flowing rapidly through the probe. The probe includes a sensor housing for diverting a portion of the rapidly flowing fluid into a primary flow path. A sample chamber within the probe houses a total temperature probe and is configured to divert a portion of the rapidly flowing fluid from a primary flowpath. An ancillary chamber adjacent to the sample chamber is configured to house an additional sensor and to divert a portion of the rapidly flowing fluid from the sample chamber. In some embodiments, the ancillary chamber diverts fluid directly from the rapidly flowing fluid. Preferably, the sensor housed within the ancillary chamber measures the water vapor level within the rapidly flowing fluid.

Abstract: A total air temperature probe positionable on a surface of an aircraft for measuring total air temperature includes an inlet scoop which receives airflow from free stream airflow moving toward the inlet scoop from a first direction. A first portion of the airflow entering the inlet scoop exits the probe through a main exit channel. A second portion of the airflow enters a TAT sensor flow passage, which extends longitudinally along an axis. This axis is oriented to form an angle of less than 90 degrees with the first direction from which the free stream airflow moves toward the inlet scoop. A sensor assembly extends longitudinally in the sensor flow passage and measures a total air temperature of airflow through the sensor flow passage. By increasing the angle through which the internal air turns, better inertial extraction of ice and water particles is realized. As a result, sensor clogging from accreted ice is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for thermally analyzing a sample of a material by detecting a heat flow between the sample (7) and a heat source (1) and evaluating a functional relation between the measured heat flow (HF) and an associated temperature is based on controlling the heating power of the heat source (1) so as to cause the heat source to follow a temperature program (17) as a function of time superposed with a modulation (23) of the heating power.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical method and to an optical device based on a laser source for implementing the optical method for nonintrusively measuring the temperature of a flowing liquid by using the fluorescence induced by a laser beam in a measurement volume (3) of the liquid, the process consisting in using a single temperature-sensitive fluorescent tracer and at least two separate spectral detection windows on this same tracer, after molecular dilution of said tracer in said liquid medium.

Abstract: A temperature sensor device for use in a clean room has a housing, a covering tube extending from the housing, a lead wire protecting tube extending from the housing within the covering tube, and a generally cylindrical temperature sensor also disposed within the covering tube. A fixing end of the temperature sensor is detachably coupled to a distal end of the lead wire protecting tube. A plurality of lead wires protrude from the fixing end and extend through the lead wire protecting tube and into the housing. The temperature sensor includes a temperature sensor element at a free end thereof. The covering tube has at least one hole by which the temperature sensor element is exposed to the atmosphere. Accordingly, the temperature sensor is highly responsive to changes in temperature, and can be repaired, maintained or replaced with ease.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device is the provided with which accurate temperature measurement is possible even when used in conditions of ice and snow, to which ice and snow do not readily adhere, and with which even when ice and snow do adhere, the temperature measuring device itself is not damaged. and the engine, or the like, are not damaged when the ice and snow detach.

Abstract: A high temperature capable probe housing for use in a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The rake is preferably made of silicon nitride or silicon carbide and is capable of withstanding the hostile environment within a gas turbine engine at temperatures greater than 1,200 Celsius while only passively cooled. The rake is a substantially elongated member extending between an at least partially open first end and a closed second end. The rake has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The interior surface defines an internal cavity beginning at the at least partially open first end and extending toward the closed second end. The exterior surface extends between the two ends and has a leading face having a plurality of openings upon which the flow generally impinges. The openings extend between the exterior surface and interior surface and are configured to receive a sensor.

Abstract: The sensor has an outer member 10 formed with an upwardly directed hole 12 having an open upper end 14. An inner member in the form of a tube 16 is provided having a lower portion 18 positioned in the hole 12 and an upper portion 19 which projects above the outer member 10. Solar radiation applied to the upper portion 19 of the tube 16 creates a chimney effect which causes air to flow upwardly inside the tube 16 and downwardly from the open upper end 14 through a space 22 between the inner and outer members 10, 16. Sensing devices 24, 26 for sensing temperature and humidity are arranged within the outer member 10 and in the air flow path.

Abstract: A smart probe system for an aircraft receives an input from a heated total air temperature sensor. When on the ground, the heater for the total air temperature probe is cycled so that when a preselected temperature is indicated by the temperature sensing element in the total air temperature probe, the heater power is turned off, and as the total air temperature probe cools, changes. Changes in indicated temperature from the temperature sensing element are measured and the changes analyzed and used for determining outside air temperature. The outside air temperature can be calculated by determining the rate of change in the temperature while the probe cools. A complimentary method is to determine when the indicated temperature stabilizes, after the heater is turned off, and deriving outside air temperature from the stabilized temperature signal from the sensing element.

Abstract: A microsensor housing having a structure with at least one inlet at one end and a thermal property sensor at the other end. Situated between the inlet and the sensor is a convection shield. Sampled fluid is taken in the inlet from a channel carrying the fluid to be sampled. The convection flow lines of the fluid are barred by the convection shield. The fluid is diffused into a cavity between the shield and sensor. The sensor detects a thermal property of the diffused fluid. One preferred shield has holes about its perimeter with a solid center part of the shield covering at a distance the sensor. The channel carrying the fluid may have screens to reduce turbulence noise and to aid in fluid transport to and from the sensor housing.

Abstract: The thermal isolation apparatus for the protruding probe of a biomedical thermometer includes an insulative air gap and a heat sink disposed between the surface of the probe and the optical path through the probe. The heat sink surrounds the optical path, such as a waveguide, and acts to evenly distribute any heat along the entire length of the waveguide to avoid temperature variations. Additionally, the heat sink has sufficient mass for high heat capacity and may slow the progress of any heat from reaching or leaving the waveguide until after the measurement by the biomedical instrument has been completed. Disposed over the heat sink is a boot which forms the closed air space between the heat sink and the outer probe surface. The air gap combined with the heat sink provide relative thermal isolation of the optical path through the probe and provide relative thermal isolation of the target anatomy from the temperature of the probe.

Abstract: An HVAC control unit is formed of a molded, electrically insulative material. The HVAC control unit has a wall plate and a cover plate. The wall plate attaches to a standard electrical box and has an opening for wires, and a cover plate attaches to the wall plate forming a sensor compartment. A vertical separation wall divides the sensor compartment into two chambers, namely, a temperature sensitive chamber and an electrical component chamber. Electrical contacts extend through the separation wall. The cover plate includes lower and upper ventilation openings to allow unforced air flow from the outside room through the temperature sensitive chamber. The vertical separation wall restricts air flow between the two chambers, closing the temperature sensitive chamber to the electrical component chamber. A gasket seals an edge of the vertical separation wall to further restrict air flow between the chambers. The temperature sensor is placed in the lower third of the temperature sensitive chamber.

Abstract: A method for forming a signal in a device having an internal combustion engine and an associated catalytic converter, the signal representing the instantaneous temperature of the catalytic converter. The internal combustion engine is controllable by an electronic engine control unit as a function of the load, the engine speed and other operating parameters. Air may be supplied to the internal combustion engine via an intake port, whereas the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine may be carried away via an exhaust duct in which a catalytic converter is arranged. The internal combustion engine may be cooled by a radiator having a coolant circulation. The coolant temperature, the outside air temperature, the load and the engine speed are detected by sensors and corresponding signals are supplied to an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit ascertains the exhaust-gas flow and the exhaust-gas temperature over time by calculation from the load and the engine speed.

Abstract: A device for monitoring heat transfer systems. A non-heated temperature sensor is used to determine the approximate temperature of a flowing fluid being monitored. A heated temperature sensor is exposed to and is thereby cooled by the flowing fluid being monitored. A flow measurement is made using a flow sensor and the heat transfer from the heated temperature sensor to the flowing fluid is determined. An electrolytic means is provided for chemically altering the environment of the heat transfer surface of the heated temperature sensor to determine its use or effects for testing, operation and maintenance of the heat transfer system and also the device. A hot tap insertion flow probe configuration is presented which includes a cost effective miniature magnetic flow sensor using permanent magnets.

Abstract: A temperature IC is mounted to a card mounted within an electronic apparatus for monitoring airflow rate around the card to provide an alarm signal. The temperature IC includes a first IC including a temperature sensor and a second IC disposed downstream of the first IC. The second IC includes a temperature sensor and a resistor as a heating element. The second IC includes a first arithmetic unit that forms the difference in temperature out of two inputs of the temperature sensors, and a second arithmetic unit that determines thermal resistance of the second IC out of the difference in temperature and the quantity of heat released from the resistor. A memory stores date indicative of a relation between values of airflow rate and values of thermal resistance. A third arithmetic unit is provided to refer the stored data using the determined thermal resistance to find airflow rate.

Abstract: Aircraft probe assemblies integrally include a total airstream temperature sensor. Preferred embodiments include at least one pressure sensing port and a temperature sensing port which are in fluid communication with a pressure sensing chamber and a temperature sensing chamber, respectively. A temperature sensor may thus be disposed in the temperature sensing chamber so as to sense the temperature of the in-flight air flow. The temperature sensor is most preferably shielded thermally from the probe element. Specifically, the temperature sensor is most preferably coaxially surrounded by a generally cylindrical thermal shield structure having airflow inlet and outlet apertures. The thermal shield thereby prevents the temperature of the probe element (which may be heated by an integral electrical resistance heater during potential in-flight icing conditions) from affecting the airflow temperature data obtained by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Instead of applying the maximum cooling effect that can be produced, the method and apparatus disclosed applies only a carefully controlled cooling that is adequate to maintain the fluid in the pipe in a frozen condition but which maintains the temperature high enough to prevent damage to the metallurgical structure of the pipe. At the same time, the apparatus creates permanent documentation of the temperatures at selected stations along the pipe throughout the process, thereby providing proof that the pipe sustained no thermal damage.

Abstract: An apparatus for varying a temperature of a device under test (DUT). The apparatus comprises a plate having a surface area configured to couple to the DUT to transfer heat to and from the DUT by way of conduction. A heat exchanger is connected to the plate to set a temperature of the surface area of the plate to one of a range of temperatures by way of conduction. The heat exchanger circulates a plurality of fluids that each have a different nominal temperature, and the flow rates of the fluids are adjustable to vary the temperature of the surface area of the plate, thereby varying the temperature of the DUT.

Abstract: In a high-temperature probe (1) which is used in particular in a hot-gas flow (24) up to about 1550.degree. C., a sensor tube (19) and a support tube (6) are in each case arranged in an inner bore (2a, 2b) of a probe tube (2). The bore (2a) for the sensor tube (19), in which a temperature sensor (34) is arranged, ends in a throughflow passage (3b) for the hot-gas flow (24). The bore (2b) for the support tube (6) ends in an enlarged bore (4) of the probe tube (2), in which enlarged bore (4) a ring (8) of the support tube (6) is arranged. The support tube (6) and the sensor tube (19) project through bores (12a, 31a) of a flange (13) into a region called the plenum (27), a screw (18) being screwed in place in an internal thread (11) at the tip (28) of the support tube (6). A preloaded spring (17) which holds the high-temperature probe (1) together in a flexible manner sits between this screw (18) and a flange (14) which is connected to the flange (13) via a tubular socket (12).

Abstract: A method to estimate the thickness of a brake lining based on the periodic sampling of the output of a temperature sensor embedded in the brake lining. A temperature histogram is created which is compared to calibration histograms stored in an electronic processing unit to yield an estimated brake lining thickness which is transmitted to the vehicle cab or to another on-board electronics unit. A brake wear factor is calculated from the temperature histogram by multiplying the average value of each temperature range by the frequency of occurrence and then summing the results.