Abstract: A temperature probe has a sensor housing with a sensor head and an associated scoop, together forming a primary airflow path, with the sensor head containing a sample chamber for the thermal sensor. Gaseous fluid is caused to pass through the primary airflow path, where its pressure is increased. The sample chamber is adjacent to the primary airflow path and configured to draw a sample of the flowing gaseous fluid out of the primary airflow path and bring it to and through the sampling chamber, while maintaining the sampled flow at essentially the same immersion depth as the primary airflow path. The sensor is connected to the housing and extends into the sampling chamber so that the gaseous fluid flows across the sensor's axis and sensing surface, rather than along the sensor's longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An average temperature sensor designed for use in an air conditioning unit, wherein the air conditioning unit has a high pressure region and a low pressure region and a method for making an average temperature measurement. The average temperature sensor senses the average temperature of air flowing in the high pressure region and comprises a device for conveying a flow of air that is in fluid communication with the high pressure region. A temperature sensor is disposed in a temperature sensing relationship to the device for conveying the flow or air. The high pressure in the high pressure region induces a flow of air in the device for conveying a flow of air. This flow of air flows from the high pressure region to the low pressure region and is at the average temperature of the air in the high pressure region.

Abstract: The instrumentation probe of the present invention comprises a tubular housing for enclosing a sensing element, the tubular housing being adapted to project into a process stream. The tubular housing is surrounded by an outer casing that has its longitudinal axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tubular housing and which outer casing is aerodynamically shaped to be substantially non-disruptive of the flow of the process stream while protecting the tubular housing from erosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring apparatus for measuring the condition of a felt in a paper machine, comprising a measuring head (1) connected to a vacuum source. Air is sucked into the measuring head through the felt, and the air and the water carried with the air are removed through separate conduits. The measuring head comprises a microwave head for measuring the water content of the felt, and a temperature detector for measuring the temperature of the sucked air concurrently with the vacuum measurement.

Abstract: An aspirating or suction pyrometer for measuring hot combustion gases. A thermocouple in the pyrometer has a temperature sensitive junction formed of platinum alloys. The thermocouple junction is insulated and is encased within a platinum alloy sheath. The sheathed thermocouple is mounted within inner and outer tubular radiation shields. These shields are formed of a platinum alloy having a radiation emissivity substantially the same as the thermocouple. The shields block radiated heat from the flame and combustion chamber from being transferred to the thermocouple. The radiation shields do not themselves radiate heat to the thermocouple because the shields and thermocouple are at the same temperature and formed of substantially the same noble alloys.

Abstract: A twist lock for attaching a plastic shell of a thermal probe to a structural member such as a plastic intake manifold of an internal combustion engine in a socket in the structural member. The twist lock includes hooks on the plastic shell which traverse an annular shoulder at the bottom of the socket through notches in the shoulder when the shell is inserted in the socket and which are captured by the shoulder when the shell is rotated in the socket from an unlocked position to a locked position. The twist lock further includes a lug on the shell cooperating with a cam edge on a resilient lip around an open end of the socket to afford tactile representation of the progress of the shell toward and achievement of the locked position and to prevent reverse rotation of the shell from the locked position.

Abstract: A temperature probe measures the temperature of a fluid which moves relative to the probe. The probe includes a housing, a transducer, and one or more fins. The housing has a bore with a bore axis and carries at least a portion of the fluid along the bore axis. The transducer has a sensing length, and the fin thermally couples to the transducer along substantially the entire sensing length. The fin is also substantially aligned with the bore axis to promote laminar flow of the fluid in the bore. In a preferred embodiment the transducer is held within a protective tube, and the fin attaches to the tube along a fin inner edge. The fin also attaches along a fin outer edge to a radiation shield encircling the tube, the fin outer edge being shorter than the fin inner edge.

Abstract: A thermal conductivity detector includes a thin diaphragm, a heat-generating portion, and a pair of boundary holes. The thin diaphragm is obtained by forming a space in part of a base. The heat-generating portion is formed in the diaphragm. The boundary holes are formed to surround the heat-generating portion.

Abstract: An averaging temperature probe is disclosed wherein a sensor strip extends from a mounting plate substantially across a stratified airflow. Temperatures at points spaced along the sensor strip are measured and averaged by circuitry to provide a more accurate representation of the actual or mixed airflow temperature.

Abstract: An optical temperature sensor has an outer probe with a sapphire element at its forward end within a stagnation chamber through which hot gas flows and heats a thermally-emissive coating on the element. A lens focusses radiation emitted by the coating onto one end of a fibre-optic cable that extends within the rear of the probe. A gas passage along the probe enables cooling gas to flow from an inlet at the rear end, around the fibre optic cable, lens and through an outlet rearwardly of a transparent thermal barrier which protects the sapphire element from the cooling gas.

Abstract: A sensor holder for holding a temperature sensor is disclosed, which comprises a first part having a first passage formed therethrough and a second part having a second passage formed therethrough. The first and second parts are so united as to coaxially connect the first and second passages thereby to constitute an elongate passage through which air flows in a direction from the first passage to the second passage. The temperature sensor is located at a given position in the first passage. A heat insulating air cavity is provided by the first part near the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive element including an elongate ceramic mandrel having at least two non-insulated connection wires passing longitudinally therealong, which wires are connected to a bifilar winding wound over the outside surface of said mandrel, and an insulated coating of glass surrounding the elongate mandrel and its bifilar winding, the temperature-sensitive element being characterized by the fact that it includes at least one mineral-insulated screened cable having one end received inside the elongate mandrel, with the connection wires passing along the cable(s), and by the fact that the insulated covering also covers that zone of the mineral insulated-screened cable(s) which is immediately adjacent to the point where the cable(s) penetrates into said elongate mandrel. The invention is particularly suitable for measuring temperatures in the field of cryogenics and in the aerospace industry.

Abstract: A temperature monitor comprising two circular metallic plates which are disposed in the horizontal plane in a spaced-apart configuration, the upper plate having a mirrored top surface and a black bottom surface, the lower plate having a black top surface and a mirrored bottom surface, and a temperature sensor mounted in the space between the two plates. The plates are fastened in the spaced-apart configurataion by use of nylon bolts, and the temperature sensor is mounted using nylon or other electrically insulating washers. The entire apparatus is mounted on wood or PVC supports. A thin layer of temperature-stabilized air is traped in between the two plates, allowing the temperataure sensor to achieve great accuracy.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for a temperature measuring pyrometer probe that measures gas temperatures above the melting point of conventional thermocouple material. The apparatus is used to calculate radiation heat losses and compensate for pneumatic cooling from the thermocouple junction of the pyrometer probe. The pyrometer probe has an inner hollow body which defines an inner chamber. The inner hollow body has an open end and the inner chamber is in communication with ambient gas surrounding the pyrometer probe. The inner hollow body is mounted within an outer hollow body and such mounting defines cooling channels. The cooling channels accommodate fluid flow which cools the inner hollow body. The ambient gas is directed into a converging-diverging nozzle, mounted within the inner hollow body, toward a thermocouple junction. The converging-diverging nozzle has a wall suction channel through which a boundary layer of the ambient gas is drawn away from the thermocouple junction.

Abstract: A sample in a wind tunnel is radiated from a thermal energy source exteriorly of the wind tunnel. A thermal imager system, also located exteriorly of the wind tunnel, reads surface radiations from the sample as a function of time. The produced thermal images are characteristic of the heat transferred from the sample to the flow across the sample. In turn, the measured rates of heat loss of the sample are characteristic of the flow and the sample.

Abstract: A high limit thermostat for gas furnace applications is shown having a molded base plate and an elongated housing formed integrally with the base plate which mounts a thermostat at a free end of the housing in order to be positioned within an air stream of a heat exchanger to sense temperature conditions of the air stream.

Abstract: A thermal probe has a premolded single unitary plastic outer shell forming an open end adapted to receive a connector unit and having an inboard end defining a probe portion. The plastic outer shell has deformable walls forming a bore. A pair of terminals and wire leads connected to a thermistor have a plastic mounting member premolded thereon; the plastic mounting member is slideably press fit in the bore to position the thermistor within the bore and to axially locate the thermistor in spaced relationship to the inboard end of the outer shell. Side segments on the terminals extend outwardly of the plastic member and are embedded in the deformable walls of the bore to interlock the thermistor in place within the outer shell.

Abstract: A new method and apparatus are provided for sensing refrigerant temperatures in refrigerator systems, and for preventing underloading of the coil, or of any of the coils in a plurality of refrigerator evaporator circuit coils connected in parallel. The usual thermostatically controlled refrigerant flow control valve is controlled by a thermostatic sensor to ensure a predetermined minimum amount of superheat, usually about 5.5.degree. C. (10.degree. F.). To avoid underloading the refrigerant is rendered thoroughly turbulent and mixed, and in the multi-coil evaporator the flows from all of the coils are similarly thoroughly turbulated and mixed, by a turbulating and/or mixing device that intercepts the entire refrigerant flow just before the sensing of the superheat, thus ensuring that the temperature is accurately measured; in the multi-circuit coil system the device averages the temperatures of all the flows. Different turbulator/mixer devices are described and two or more such devices may be used in series.

Abstract: In one form of the invention, different airflows across a temperature sensor in an aircraft are maintained during different flight conditions. A first airflow is generated during takeoff by a pressure differential existing between two surfaces of the aircraft. A second airflow is maintained during cruise by an air jet supplied by an ejector.

Abstract: A temperature sensor probe is provided with a series of flow channels for deflecting a fluid to be sensed as it flows over the surface of the probe. The flow channels reduce the separation of flow from the surface of the probe thereby increasing the convective heat transfer of the probe and improving the time response of the probe. The temperature sensor probe includes a temperature sensing element housed in a probe housing. In channels are formed on the outer surface of the probe housing. In the preferred form of the invention, the housing is cylindrically shaped and the flow channels extend around the entire circumference of the housing in a spiral fashion so as to form a helical shape extending substantially the entire length of the probe housing.

Abstract: The temperature of fluid (gas or liquid) flowing in a duct 10a having axis 21 is measured using a collar 12 having an inner face 17 embracing the tube and having two axial bores 16, 18 at different lateral distances from the duct axis which receive temperature sensors 8, 9 connected to recording and monitoring devices 20, 22. A heater 14 is provided on the outside of the collar and when there is no lateral heat flux in the collar and the wall of the duct the temperature of the fluid equals the temperature of the sensors.

Abstract: An air/sea temperature probe is disclosed which can be deployed from a moving ship to detect the temperature profile of the atmosphere and ocean beyond the thermal influence of a ship. The probe includes a temperature transducer which utilizes a bifilar wire that provides a very quick air temperature time constant. The transducer is mounted within a radiation shield having low thermal conductance to minimize thermal and solar radiation contamination and is coupled to a signal processing network. In operation, the probe is deployed from a ship and provides temperature telemetry via an electrical data link coupled between the signal processing network and a receiving transducer located onboard the ship.

Abstract: A thermal air flow meter for measuring the flow rate of intake air supplied to an internal combustion engine comprises a thermal sensor disposed in an intake air passage, a drive circuit including a circuit pattern formed on a circuit board for driving the thermal sensor, a shielding case having at least a bottom wall on which the circuit board is mounted and side walls, a through capacitor disposed on one of the side walls of the shielding case, a conductor extending through the capacitor so that the conductor is electrically connected in an AC mode through the capacitor to the shielding case and having one end connected to a corresponding terminal of the drive circuit and the other end connected to an external terminal, a metal case in which the shielding case is mounted and a connecting member electrically connecting the shielding case to the metal case at an area on the bottom wall selected between an edge of the bottom wall connected to the one side wall and an edge of the pattern formed on the circuit b

Abstract: Method of measuring the temperature of a running filiform element, without mechanical contact with the element, and devices for implementing such method. According to the invention, a fluid of which the temperature and the flow rate have been measured is supplied to a chamber through which a filiform element is moving. Part of the fluid is collected in order to measure its temperature. The temperature of the element is determined from the flow rate and injection exit temperatures of the fluid. The invention is particularly applied in metallurgy to temperature measuring of yarns, tubes, sheets or metal strips, sections, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method which monitors the quality of steam flowing in a pipe. A steam sensor located in the pipe provides a steam signal which is frequency related to the quality of the steam flowing in the pipe. A network connected to the sensor provides a high frequency signal and a low frequency signal in accordance with the steam signal. The steam quality is the in accordance with the high frequency signal and the low frequency signal.

Abstract: In an air-conditioning installation for vehicles with a blower for supplying fresh air to a vehicle interior space, with a temperature sensor for detecting the interior space temperature and with an air jet pump, consisting of a venturi pipe and of an air suction connection for producing an air flow over the temperature sensor, the air jet pump is arranged integrated in the blower for reducing the individual components for the temperature detection and for reducing the requisite installation space in the vehicle in such a manner that its air outlet opening lies within the blower stream. The temperature sensor is thereby so arranged that it is acted upon by the interior space air sucked-in by way of the air suction connection.

Abstract: A viscometric thermometer is fabricated with two sensing capillaries connected serially in a common fluid flow circuit. The first capillary is immersed in a reference bath of known constant temperature. Pressure differential across the first capillary is measured and the fluid medium flow rate through the common circuit is determined. The second sensor is positioned in the unknown temperature environment and pressure differential across the second capillary is measured. This second capillary pressure differential is combined with the determined flow rate value to further determine the unknown temperature value.

Abstract: A pressure and temperature measuring probe with a low drag, airfoil shaped cross section includes a longitudinally extending pressure cavity adjacent the leading edge and a separate longitudinally extending temperature cavity immediately downstream thereof. Longitudinally spaced apart passages extend downstream from their inlets at pressure measuring stations along the leading edge and intersect the pressure cavity. At temperature measuring stations along the leading edge passages extend downstream adjacent the pressure cavity to intersect the temperature cavity and direct a high velocity flow of gases over a thermocouple junction disposed within the temperature cavity. Stagnation devices at the leading edge reduce gas velocity to zero at the passage inlets.

Abstract: In a method of determining the rate of heat transfer from a surface due to liquid convection, a coating of a material capable of dissolving in the convecting liquid and whose optical properties on irradiation are proportional to the thickness of the coating, is applied to the surface and is then exposed to radiation and to the convecting liquid, the change in the amount of radiation transmitted or reflected from the coating giving an indication of the rate of heat transfer.

Abstract: A thermocouple rake for measuring the temperature of heated fluids. The thermocouple rake is provided with a cooling chamber for circulating a coolant about individual thermocouple assemblies to cool the assemblies during use in the hot gas. A U-shaped channel is formed downstream in the flow of fluid to accept lead wires from the thermocouple assemblies to deflect the hot gas fluid from contacting the lead wires.

Abstract: A system for and method of precisely controlling the temperature of an electronic component through a range of temperatures by controlling the temperature of a gas forced into contact with the component is disclosed. The system comprises a dual control loop including two sensors, one for measuring the temperature of the gas and the other for sensing the temperature of the component, for controlling the temperature of the gas so as to provide accurate control of the temperature of the component.

Abstract: A hot air leak sensor for sensing jet engine bleed air leaks in an aircraft. Infrared detectors are combined with thermal re-radiating elements which are installed in air passages adjacent to the bleed air ducts and downstream of the region where a bleed air leak may occur. The elements are approximately 50% transmissive and 50% absorptive to infrared radiation with wavelengths within the range of approximately 4 to 20 micrometers. Incident radiation within the field of view of the detector is both transmitted and absorbed for re-radiation to the detector. If no incident radiation within the sensor field of view is available, the re-radiating element still responds to the increased airstream temperature resulting from the bleed air leak and supplies radiation to the detector to provide detection of the leak.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and process for measuring the temperature of a fluid environment within a vessel. The apparatus features a chamber which opens into the vessel and thus contains a portion of the fluid environment. Structure is provided for preventing substantial convective movement between the portion of the fluid environment within the chamber and the remainder of the fluid environment. A temperature sensing device is also provided which is movable from a position within the chamber to a position into the remainder of the fluid environment for obtaining a temperature measurement. The chamber is maintained at a temperature cooler than that of the fluid environment. This invention also relates to a process for the periodic measuring of the temperature of a fluid environment in a vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the temperature of an elongated movable object such as a wire or wire-rod exiting from a draw plate during a wire drawing process. The wire is located in a column-like chamber which is defined by two vertical walls and through which an upwardly moving flow of gas passes. A temperature sensor is mounted above and beneath the wire and the temperature difference in the gas is determined with the aid of a differential amplifier. The sensors may be thermistors or preferably thermocouples, which in the latter case are coupled with counteracting thermo-voltages for direct compensation and an output voltage proportional to the temperature difference.

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating the fluid flow through implanted shunts by temperature sensing. The sensor comprises a series of thermistors carried by a flexible substrate mounted on a rigid support. The sensors are placed in external proximity to a section of the implanted shunt and by varying the temperature of the fluid proceeding the test section, the apparatus will determine the rate of flow therethrough. Each thermistor is connected by conductors to scaling and amplification circuitry for input into a computer system.

Abstract: A convective heat flow probe device is provided which measures heat flow and fluid flow magnitude in the formation surrounding a borehole. The probe comprises an elongate housing adapted to be lowered down into the borehole; a plurality of heaters extending along the probe for heating the formation surrounding the borehole; a plurality of temperature sensors arranged around the periphery of the probe for measuring the temperature of the surrounding formation after heating thereof by the heater elements. The temperature sensors and heater elements are mounted in a plurality of separate heater pads which are supported by the housing and which are adapted to be radially expanded into firm engagement with the walls of the borehole. The heat supplied by the heater elements and the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors are monitored and used in providing the desired measurements.

Abstract: A probe for measuring temperatures in a hot gaseous medium such as the gases inside the shaft of a blast furnace. A first tubular member extends from a base structure such as a blast furnace wall into the gaseous medium. Successively smaller, second and third tubular members are concentrically positioned inside this exterior tubular member. Preferably, an exterior protective member also surrounds the first tubular member. A refractory material is interposed between the exterior protective member and the first tubular member to minimize temperature fluctuations in the body of the probe itself. Thermocouple leads extend longitudinally in an air space between the second and third tubular members and then protrude to the exterior of the probe. A forward fluid coolant passageway is formed inside the third tubular member.

Abstract: A temperature indicating propeller assembly comprises first and second propellers freely suspended one above the other on a common suspension wire for rotation by rising air currents. One propeller is of larger diameter than the other so that it commences rotation by air currents generated at lower temperatures than the other propeller. The assembly can be suspended over a domestic stove, for example, to indicate when the stove is operating at normal temperature by rotation of the one propeller, or when the stove is operating at an excessive temperature by rotation of both propellers.

Abstract: There is described a gas chromatographic assembly formed on a semiconductor wafer by etching techniques. There is also described an improved thermal detector for use therewith.

Abstract: Liquids flowing from a nozzle or the like are tested by providing a sensing element having a heated tip part, directing a liquid to be tested to the tip of the sensing element so that the liquid cools the tip part and thereby an electrical signal is produced, and the thus produced electrical signal is utilized for evaluating the liquid and the nozzle.

Abstract: A method for measuring the temperature of an asphalt pavement, that comprises the measurement of temperature of air used as a heat-carrying agent, drawn through the pavement prior to measuring the temperature thereof. The air is drawn through the pavement by application of a vacuum to a pavement area isolated from the environment. A device used for the implementation of the method comprises a hollow, thermally isolated chamber with open end faces. Installed on one of its end faces is a means used for providing the air filtration through the pavement and made as an exhaust blower whose impeller is arranged inside the chamber in close vicinity to its end face.

Abstract: Plural gas samples are simultaneously collected and the temperature at each sampling point accurately measured by means of a probe which may be inserted into the furnace charge. The probe is constructed so as to facilitate assembly and repair while insuring against relative motion of the various components thereof as a result of imposed vibrations and thermally induced expansion.

Abstract: A system for the measurement of temperatures in a reactor such as those operated under high pressure and/or temperature is disclosed. The temperature is measured by the use of a pyrometer which is in optical communication with a measuring duct which can be disposed in the wall of the reactor and is in optical communication with the reactor interior. The measuring duct comprises two concentric tubes the outer one of which extends beyond the inner tube in the direction of the reactor interior and has a conical construction immediately following the termination of the inner tube. The concentric tubes are provided with a common end section such as in the form of a cone in the direction of the reactor exterior. A hermetic housing defining a safety chamber is disposed exterior thereof, the hermetic housing having two opposed pressure type and heat resistant windows in alignment with the inner tube and the pyrometer. The hermetic housing is not normally permanently attached to the measuring duct.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of hot fluids (1) in environments involving thermal radiation. The apparatus comprises at least one radiation-protected measuring body (4) constituting one end of a heat-tube (2) having a working temperature below the fluid (1) temperaure to be measured. The other end of the heat-tube (10) is connected to one end of a heat-conducting rod (8); the other end of which is kept cool by cooling means (11). The apparatus is equipped with temperature measuring means (12, 14) for measuring the temperature of the heat-tube as well as the temperature at two points along the heat-conducting rod. There can be more than one measuring body.