Abstract: Methods and user equipment (UE) for data demodulation. A UE comprises a receiver (Rx), a transmitter (Tx), a demodulator, a decoder, a processor, and a memory. An order message can be received by the receiver from a radio network node. The order message orders the UE to utilize both additional pilots and common pilots. In response to the receiver receiving the order message, the transmitter may return an ACK message to the radio network node. The receiver may also be configured to receive data from the radio network node. The memory stores computer program code which, when run in the processor, causes the demodulator to demodulate received data utilizing additional pilots in addition to common pilots. Furthermore, the memory and the computer program code are configured to, together with the processor, cause the demodulator to demodulate received data utilizing only common pilots when the decoder is unsuccessful in decoding received data demodulated by utilizing additional pilots in addition to common pilots.

Abstract: An uplink transmission method in a wireless communication system, and a user equipment (UE) therefore, are discussed. The method includes, for example, generating uplink control information (UCI) which includes at least one of a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK)/negative-acknowledgement (NACK) signal, a channel quality indicator (CQI) and a scheduling request (SR); generating a reference signal (RS) based on one or more indices selected from among a set {0, 3, 6, 8, 10}; transmitting the UCI on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); and transmitting the generated RS for the PUCCH based on the selected one or more indices.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for modulating a first electrical signal to generate first modulated electromagnetic waves, and transmitting the first modulated electromagnetic waves on a waveguide located in proximity to a transmission medium. In one embodiment, the first electromagnetic waves can induce second electromagnetic waves that propagate on an outer surface of the transmission medium. The second electromagnetic waves can have a first spectral range that is divided into, contains or otherwise includes a first control channel and a first plurality of bands. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can describe a method for communicating. This can include identifying a set of nonlinear functions used to generate waveforms; generating, a plurality of waveforms having substantially identical amplitudes and substantially identical phases, and designating this plurality of waveforms as a plurality of reference signals; encoding at least one bit of traffic data in an attribute of a waveform; selecting a reference symbol (“refbol”) that encodes the at least one bit of traffic data; transmitting the refbol as a waveform from a transmitter; receiving the refbol at a receiver; and decoding the refbol.

Abstract: A serial data channel includes a transmitter that encodes data using a PAM-4 where each symbol is represented by one of four signal levels comprising two balanced pairs of differential signal levels, and a de-emphasis circuit. The circuit determines that a symbol represents as a first instance of a first signal state, determines that a next symbol represents a second instance of the first state, and determines that a third symbol is represented as a second state. The circuit determines that the second state is of a same balanced pair as the first state and, in response, provides a de-emphasis to the second symbol. The circuit determines that the second state is of a different balanced pair as the first state and, in response, provides the de-emphasis and a correction factor to the second symbol.

Abstract: Frame formatting for communications within single user, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications. A signal is processed within a communication device using at least two respective downclocking ratios (e.g., a first downclocking ratio applied to a first portion of the signal such as a frame or packet extracted there from, a second downclocking ratio applied to a second portion of the signal). Alternatively, a signal is divided into more than two respective portions, and different respective downclocking ratios are applied to those different respective portions (e.g., a first downclocking ratio applied to a first portion of the signal, and so on up to an n-th downclocking ratio applied to an n-th portion of the signal). Some implementations apply a singular or common downclocking ratio to more than one portion of the signal (which may be contiguous/adjacent or non-contiguous/non-adjacent within the signal).

Abstract: A plurality of different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sub-channel blocks are assigned to a plurality of devices including a first device and a second device. The plurality of OFDM sub-channel blocks includes a first OFDM sub-channel block assigned to the first device and a second OFDM sub-channel block assigned to the second device. Data for the first device and data for the second device are received. OFDM data units are generated, wherein data for the first device is modulated on sub-channels in the first OFDM sub-channel block and data for the second device is modulated on sub-channels in the second OFDM sub-channel block. At least one of the OFDM sub-channel blocks is formatted to substantially conform to a physical layer specification of a WLAN communication protocol having a maximum channel bandwidth smaller than a bandwidth of the generated OFDM data units.

Abstract: A method for enabling confirmation of expected phase shifts of radio frequency (RF) signals emitted from respective elements of an antenna array, such as a phased array antenna used for providing directional RF signal radiation patterns needed for beamforming. As a RF signal transmitted via an antenna element of the antenna array is shifted, e.g., stepped, in phase, the resulting received RF signal is monitored. Following detection of a phase shift, a sample of the received RF signal is captured and stored, e.g., for subsequent analysis, such as comparison with one or more expected signal phase differences to characterize the directivity of the transmitted signal.

Abstract: In an asymmetric time-reversal wireless system, a base station includes an input circuit configured to, during a hand-shake period, receive a channel response signal derived from a probe signal sent from a first terminal device to the apparatus through multiple wireless propagation paths, and during an uplink transmission period, receive combined signals that include a signal from the first terminal device and a signal from a second terminal device. The base station includes a data processor configured to calculate a signature waveform for the first terminal device based on the channel response, and determine the signal sent from the first terminal device during the uplink transmission period based on the combined signals and the signature waveform for the first terminal device.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for transmitting energy at multiple frequencies via a guided surface wave along the surface of a lossy medium such as, e.g., a terrestrial medium by exciting a guided surface waveguide probe.

Abstract: A method and a device for transmitting data in a wireless local area network are provided. The device transmits a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) that includes a first part and a second part over an operating bandwidth. The first part is phase-rotated in frequency domain so that the first part has a different phase than the second part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method and apparatus for channel estimation and equalization in a cellular environment based on quadrature amplitude modulation-filter bank multicarrier (QAM-FBMC) transmission is provided.

Abstract: A method for transmitting sound waves using a time-varying frequency-based symbol includes the steps of: storing waveform data in a digital form; converting the waveform data in the digital form into an analog signal; and outputting the analog signal as sound waves through a speaker. Herein, the waveform data in the digital form includes a symbol the frequency of which changes with time within a sound wave band.

Abstract: Embodiments described relate to a Resource Partitioning Node (RPN) associated with scheduling nodes and a method performed by the RPN for allocating reference demodulation reference signal (DMRS) parameters to user equipments (UE). The method comprises assigning a first partition of at least one type of DMRS parameters to the at least one UE of the first scheduling node and a second partition of the same type of DMRS parameters to the at least one UE of the second scheduling node, and signaling, to the first and the second scheduling node, the respective partition of the at least one type of DMRS parameter to be used by the respective at least one UE. A scheduling node and a method thereof are also described.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for adaptive switching in multicast media streams are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a method for adaptively transmitting content to one or more users based on currently available bandwidth via internet protocol (“IP”) multicast protocol, includes: receiving a first content stream having a plurality of data packets, the first content stream encoded at a first bit rate; receiving a second content stream having a plurality of data packets, the second content stream encoded at a second bit rate, wherein the first bit rate is different than the second bit rate and wherein the first and second content streams represent the same content; transmitting the first content stream to a user; determining that the user could receive the second content stream based on available bandwidth for transmitting data to the user; and transmitting the second content stream to the user.

Abstract: A terminal device including: an acquisition unit configured to acquire information on a small cell, a portion of or an entirety of the small cell overlapping a macro cell, and the macro cell; and a communication control unit configured to perform an access procedure for connection to a base station of the small cell when the terminal device is not connected to any base station. The device can suppress an increase in the load on the base station of the macro cell.

Abstract: A method for estimating a channel state of an audio/video signal includes: estimating a first response and a second response according to the audio/video signal, wherein the first response corresponds to an echo path and the second response corresponds to a reference path; calculating a plurality of phase differences at a plurality of time points between the first response and the second response; determining whether the echo path is a Doppler path according to the phase differences; and when it is determined that the echo path is the Doppler path, calculating a phase rotation frequency of the Doppler path according to a difference between at least two of the phase differences.

Abstract: A handshaking process for time-reversal wireless communication is provided. A first device receives a handshake signal transmitted from a second device through multiple propagation paths, the handshake signal including a preamble and a training sequence, in which the training sequence includes a sequence of symbols known to the first and second devices. A synchronization index is determined based on the preamble, and the training sequence in the handshake signal is identified based on the synchronization index. A channel response signal is determined based on the received training sequence, and a signature waveform that is a time-reversed signal of the channel response signal is generated. A transmission signal is generated based on transmit data and the signature waveform, in which the transmit data are data configured to be transmitted to the second device.

Abstract: Embodiments use the principles of self-organizing networks to allocate resources to allow spectrum owners to share spectrum with wireless carriers according to defined license conditions. A spectrum licensee holds the licensing conditions of the spectrum licensed by the spectrum owners. This licensed spectrum is referred to as secondary spectrum. A self-organizing network server requests access to secondary spectrum. The spectrum licensee grants access to the secondary spectrum along with the licensing conditions for access. The self-organizing network server monitors the conditions associated with the license and/or delegates the responsibility for monitoring conditions associated with the license to others. When the license conditions are met, enhanced Node B systems may begin using the secondary spectrum according to the license conditions. When the license conditions are no longer met, enhanced Node B systems discontinue use of the secondary spectrum.

Abstract: A method of processing a digital radio broadcast signal in a digital radio receiver includes: receiving baseband signal samples at a first sample rate; adjusting the sample rate of the baseband signals based on a difference between a receiver clock and a transmitter clock to produce adjusted baseband signal samples at a second sample rate; filtering the adjusted baseband signal samples to separate a digital component of the samples and an analog component of the samples, wherein the digital component and the analog component are synchronous; and separately demodulating the digital component and the analog component to produce a digital output signal and an analog output signal. A receiver that uses the method is also provided.

Abstract: According to example embodiments of the present invention, predetermined patterns are inserted into data streams and exchanged between a master node and a slave node. By recognizing the patterns near the underlying interface of the physical layer, the master node and slave node can generate timestamps that exactly identify when the respective messages leaves and/or arrives at the physical layer. The slave clock can be synchronized to the master clock based on such timestamps.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a power amplifier with crest factor reduction embodied by first circuitry for producing a correlated out-of-band noise signal for controlling the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of a communication device; and second circuitry for providing an output signal for controlling the error vector magnitude (EVM) of a digital radio. The ACLR and the EVM are concurrently individually controllable. Additional apparatus is described.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a method, and a device for performing the method, for allocating power levels to a transmission in a DSL network, the method including: identifying a first and second geographical region as being associated with a subscriber line in the DSL network; defining a first spectral mask having a first set of power levels over a range of frequencies, wherein the first set of power levels are tailored according to a Radio Frequency, RF, environment of the first geographical region; defining a second spectral mask having a second set of power levels over the range of frequencies, wherein the second set of power levels are tailored according to an RF environment of the second geographical region; and constructing a transmit spectral mask for the subscriber line, the transmit spectral mask based on a combination of the first and second spectral masks, including, for each frequency in the range of frequencies, using the minimum power level for that frequency from the first and second spectral masks.

Abstract: A method for transmitting broadcast signals in a transmitter includes encoding data for Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs), mapping the encoded data onto constellations according to modulation types, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) processing the mapped data for the MIMO processing by multiplying a rotation matrix with a pair of symbols of the mapped data and applying a phase rotation matrix to the multiplied symbols, time interleaving the MIMO processed data, building frames by mapping the time interleaved data, frequency-interleaving data in the built frames, modulating the frequency-interleaved data by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and transmitting the broadcast signals including the modulated data. The frames includes signaling information for signaling data in the frames. The signaling information includes information on a PLP identifier.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for transmitting an uplink signal includes transmitting the uplink signal including a block of data symbols. The block of data symbols are mapped to at least two sets of subcarrier blocks. Each data symbol of the block of data symbols is mapped to one of subcarriers of the at least two sets of subcarrier blocks. The at least two sets of subcarrier blocks are not contiguous in frequency. The block of data symbols are mapped in sequence starting with a first data symbol to the at least two sets of subcarrier blocks and in increasing order of subcarrier index.

Abstract: A stochastic channel state information transmission/reception method and apparatus is provided for use in a multiuser radio communication system. The signal method of transmitting and receiving signals in a terminal in a mobile communication system according to the present disclosure includes receiving a reference signal transmitted by a base station, estimating channel information based on the reference signal, predicting a channel estimation error based on the channel information, generating feedback information based on the channel estimation error, and transmitting feedback information to the base station.

Abstract: Modulated optical signals are received in a coherent optical receiver employing both post digital filter and inter-symbol-interference (ISI) equalizer such as a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) or Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithms. Some disclosed techniques are directed to adaptively adjusting the impulse response in time domain (or equivalently the frequency response in frequency domain) of the post digital filter and the corresponding structure of ISI equalizer in different spectrum-narrowing operation scenarios.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system (100) for supplying low-voltage DC power to at least one electronic communication device (3;6) in a power line carrier communication system furthermore including a power line carrier coupler comprising a coupling capacitor (10) electrically linked to a medium-voltage line (8) of a power distribution network. According to the invention, the system (100) comprises means (15) for generating a first low DC voltage value based on a current-to-voltage conversion of the leakage current related to said coupling capacitor (10), said first low DC voltage value being able to act as power supply to at least one active electronic component (13) of said at least one electronic communication device (3;6).

Abstract: In many wireless communication systems, there is a major problem with the coverage in indoor environments because of signal loss during signal penetration through walls and other structures. Femto cells or repeaters may be used to address the signal coverage issue for indoor environments. The cost of femto cells or repeaters may be high depending on its capabilities. Method and apparatus are disclosed for a Signal Enhancer with reduced complexity to enhance the signal for an OFDM based TDD wireless communication system. This may result in a lower cost solution for improving the coverage and the overall communication system performance.

Abstract: A single-carrier-modulation communication system for transmitting data over a wireless link, the communication system including, on a first side of a wireless link one single-carrier-modulation receiver associated with a single antenna, on a second side of the wireless link a plurality of antennas and a plurality of single-carrier-modulation transmitters, each one of the plurality of transmitters associated with one of the plurality of antennas, the transmitters each further associated with a pre-coding filter, and the plurality of transmitters are arranged to each transmit same data via a respectively associated pre-coding filter and the associated antenna, using the pre-coding filters to perform beam-forming to the one receiver. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: In a wireless charging system, a receiver device includes a second coil that performs a reactance shift. The reactance shift may be used to conform the device reactance to a reactance range, or to adjust a rectified voltage of the wireless power provided to the device electronics. The reactance shift differs from resonance matching in that the power transfer efficiency may be decreased.

Abstract: A computing device obtains a Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) unit header of a NAL unit of the multi-layer video data. The NAL unit header comprises a layer identifier syntax element having a value that specifies an identifier of a layer of the NAL unit. The layer identifier syntax element comprises a plurality of bits that represent the value within a defined range of values. A requirement of the bitstream conforming to a video coding standard is that the value of the layer identifier syntax element is less than the maximum value of the range of values.

Abstract: A device comprises a plurality of distributed transceivers, a plurality of distributed beamformers, a baseband processor, and a network management engine. The distributed transceivers perform beamforming in a radio frequency band. The distributed beamformers, however, performs beamforming in an intermediate frequency band. Each of the distributed transceivers is coupled to a corresponding one of the distributed beamformers. Each transceiver-beamformer pair is coupled to the baseband processor utilizing a same communication medium such as a cable. For transmission, a data stream generated at baseband is converted to intermediate frequencies. With a low-power transmission, the distributed beamformers transmit the data stream wirelessly in the intermediate frequencies to a receiving device. With a normal-power transmission, the distributed transceivers transmit the data stream to the receiving device in the radio frequency band. The transceivers and the beamformers are turned OFF whenever not being used.

Abstract: A four-level pulse amplitude modulation receiver has a four-level pulse amplitude modulation mode and a non-return-to-zero modulation mode. First, second, and third four-level pulse amplitude modulation samplers are coupled to an input. Each of the samplers has a corresponding output in turn including a corresponding binary decision of the first, second, and third samplers. A four-level pulse amplitude modulation decoder circuit has inputs coupled to the outputs of the samplers. The four-level pulse amplitude modulation decoder circuit is active in the four-level pulse amplitude modulation mode. The receiver also includes a non-return-to-zero majority voting circuit coupled to the outputs of the samplers. The non-return-to-zero majority voting circuit has an output and is configured to output a majority decision of the corresponding binary decisions of the samplers, and is active in the non-return-to-zero modulation mode.

Abstract: An active antenna test system is described. The active antenna test system comprises an active antenna unit comprising: a plurality of antenna elements; at least one processor; a plurality of transceiver modules operably coupled to the at least one processor and arranged to receive at least one first baseband signal for transmission via at least one of the plurality of antenna elements and arranged to pass at least one second baseband signal thereto received and down-converted from at least one of the plurality of antenna elements; and at least one switching module operably coupling the plurality of antenna modules to the plurality of transceiver modules. The active antenna test system also comprises at least one communication test equipment, such as a radio frequency, RF, test module and at least one baseband processor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide beamforming with coupled antennas. A first channel matrix can be transformed into a transformed second channel matrix. The first channel matrix can be a channel from a transmitter array of antennas of the transmitting device to at least one receiver antenna of a receiving device. A precoding matrix can be determined that maximizes the capacity for the transformed second channel matrix subject to a power constraint of the precoding matrix. The channel capacity maximizing precoding matrix for the transformed second channel matrix can be converted into an optimal precoding matrix for the first channel matrix. A signal can be received for transmission. The optimal precoding matrix can be applied to the signal to generate a precoded signal for transmission over a physical channel. The precoded signal can then be transmitted.

Abstract: A transmit circuit can be configured to output two-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-2) or four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4). In the PAM-2 mode, pre-tap feed-forward equalization (FFE) and post-tap FFE can be applied to the PAM-2 signal by pre-taps and post-taps, respectively. In the PAM-4 mode, at least one post-tap is repurposed to generate, along with the main tap, the main PAM-4 signaling levels. At least one PAM-2 FFE tap is repurposed to apply FFE in the PAM-4 mode.

Abstract: A device includes circuitry configured to assess a broadband spectrum environment including signal and blocker characteristics via one or more receiver paths, determine operational parameters for the device based on the signal and blocker characteristics, and align one or more radio components from one or more radios for operation based on the operational parameters of the device.

Abstract: A first wireless communication device including a distance determination module. The distance determination module is configured to calculate a distance between the first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device. The first wireless communication device is configured to communicate with the second wireless communication device at one of a plurality of available data rates. A rate selection module is configured to select, based on the distance between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, a first data rate from the plurality of available data rates and/or adjust, based on the distance, the first data rate. The adjusted first data rate corresponds to a second data rate selected from the plurality of available data rates. A transceiver is configured to communicate with the second wireless communication device at the first data rate and/or the second data rate.

Abstract: In general, this disclosure describes techniques for beamforming using limited feedback that exploit the spatio-temporal channel correlation and avoid the limitations of codebook-based feedback and Markov chain modeling. In one example, a receiving device includes a plurality of receive antennas for receiving communication information, a memory for storing the communication information, and one or more processors for processing the communication information. The one or more processors are configured to receive, through a wireless communication channel, a pilot signal transmitted by a transmitting device, determine, based on the received pilot signal, channel state feedback comprising a quantized representation of the pilot signal as received at the receiving device, and send, through the wireless communication.

Abstract: In a coherent receiver of an optical communication system, a method of processing a detected symbol estimate to determine a most likely value of a corresponding transmitted data word, the transmitted data word comprising one or more data bits encoded in a transmitter using a predetermined constellation of at least two symbols. A set of two or more virtual constellation points are define in a decision region corresponding to a possible value of the data word. The detected symbol estimate is processed to find a most likely virtual constellation point given the detected symbol estimate. The most likely value of the corresponding transmitted data word is determined based on the most likely virtual constellation point.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a wireless signal (FIGS. 3A-3C) is disclosed. A data stream is divided (306) into a first data stream and a second data stream. The first data stream is encoded (300) at a first data rate. The second data stream is encoded (320) at a second data rate different from the first data rate. A first part of the encoded first data stream is transmitted from a first transmit antenna (308). A second part of the encoded first data stream is transmitted from a second transmit antenna (312).

Abstract: A deterministic mismatch model called Sparsity Enhanced Mismatch Model-Reverse discrete prolate spheroidal sequence which leads to a two stage transceiver design that outperforms precoding only strategy incorporating norm ball mismatch modeling. The inherent sparsity in the channel is brought forth by modeling the channel using a basis expansion model where discrete prolate spheroidal sequence is used as a basis. The sparsity enhanced mismatch model reverse discrete prolate spheroidal sequence disclosed herein better accounts for the channel state information estimate mismatch compared to the norm ball mismatch. The Sparsity Enhanced Mismatch Model-Reverse based transceiver system, which includes a two-stage precoder and decoder, allows the transceiver to utilize higher transmit power without violating the interference constraint placed at the victims, resulting in enhanced performance in the communication link.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing spatial processing with unequal modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) or stream-dependent MCSs are disclosed. Input data may be parsed into a plurality of data streams, and spatial processing is performed on the data streams to generate a plurality of spatial streams. An MCS for each data stream is selected independently. The spatial streams are transmitted via multiple transmit antennas. At least one of the techniques of space time block coding (STBC), space frequency block coding (SFBC), quasi-orthogonal Alamouti coding, time reversed space time block coding, linear spatial processing and cyclic delay diversity (CDD) may be performed on the data/spatial streams. An antennal mapping matrix may then be applied to the spatial streams. The spatial streams are transmitted via multiple transmit antennas. The MCS for each data stream may be determined based on a signal-to-noise ratio of each spatial stream associated with the data stream.

Abstract: RFID data signals from RFID tags may be recovered by determining the probabilities of transitions between data states between a series of a pairs of signal samples using a set of predetermined probabilities related to data, timing, baud rate and/or phase variables affecting the received signal and processing those determined probabilities to determine the sequence of such transitions that has the highest probability of occurrence. A second set of predetermined probabilities related to transitions in the opposite direction may be used to sequence in a reverse direction. The determination of the sequence representing the RFID tag data may be iterated in both directions until further iterations do not change the determined probabilities.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided for performing cell reselection, the method includes detecting a signal of cell for cell reselection on a frequency, where the signal includes an intra-frequency reselection indicator, determining from the signal whether the cell is a barred cell, on a condition that the cell is a barred cell, determining that the barred cell is not a candidate for cell reselection, determining whether the barred cell is a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) cell, and allowing intra-frequency cell reselection to a different cell on the frequency regardless of the value of the intra-frequency reselection indicator on a condition that the barred cell is a CSG cell and that the different cell meets reselection criteria.

Abstract: A sampling circuit includes a first latch, a second latch and a signal transition detector. The first latch is disposed on an upstream side of a logic circuit. The second latch is disposed on a downstream side of the logic circuit. The first latch and the second latch respectively switch to opposite states of an opaque state or a transparent state according to trigger signals generated by a reference clock and a control clock. The signal transition detector is configured for detecting whether the signal outputted by the logic circuit is in error or not and outputting a corresponding control clock. The above-mentioned sampling circuit can delay switching the second latch to the opaque state and switching the first latch to the transparent state to correct sampling when a timing error occurs.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can describe a method for communicating. The method for communicating can include a step for identifying characteristics of a communications channel, a step for identifying a set of nonlinear functions used to generate waveforms, a step for assigning a unique numeric code to each waveform, a step for transmitting a numeric sequence as a series of waveforms, a step for receiving the series of waveforms, and a step for decoding the series of waveforms.

Abstract: A method for determining a codebook, information feedback method and devices thereof. For precoding of a differential dual codebook, the method includes: providing N1 codewords in a second codebook, so that complex codewords obtained by a product of codewords in the second codebook and a first codebook satisfy corresponding antenna configuration(s), where, N1 is greater than or equal to 16. Or for precoding of a GoB dual codebook, the method includes: codewords in a first codebook being: W 1 = ( X 0 0 Y ) = ( X 0 0 D 1 ? XD 2 ) ; where, D1 and D2 are respectively unitary diagonal matrixes for respectively weighting elements at each row and each column of a matrix X, X containing Nb column vectors, and Nb denotes the number of beams contained in the codewords of the first codebook. The embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to various antenna configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a method for a base station to set a backhaul link subframe for a relay node in a wireless communication system, to which a carrier aggregation technique is applied.