Abstract: A transmitter includes: first and second IFFT units that respectively generate first and second time domain signals from first and second modulated signals generated in first and second modulation schemes; a clipping noise signal generator that generates a clipping noise signal representing a difference between a combined signal of the first and second time domain signals and a specified threshold in a time period in which the power of the combined signal is higher than the threshold; first and second calculators that respectively subtract the clipping noise signals to which first and second coefficients are multiplied from the first and second time domain signals; first and second frequency filters that respectively filter output signals of the first and second calculators; and a combiner that generates a transmission signal including an output signal of the first frequency filter and an output signal of the second frequency filter.

Abstract: The augmented twin nonlinear two-box modeling and predistortion method for power amplifiers and transmitters provides power amplifier distortion modeling and predistortion linearization. A memoryless nonlinearity is combined with a memory polynomial function that includes cross-terms. The method can utilize an augmented forward twin-nonlinear two-box model, an augmented reverse twin-nonlinear two-box model, or alternatively, an augmented parallel twin-nonlinear two-box model. The present two-box models are validated in modeling and predistortion applications. Measurement results demonstrate the superiority of the present two-box models with respect to conventional state of the art models. The present two-box models lead to better accuracy with reduced complexity.

Abstract: A system for digital pre-distortion includes: a transmitter configured to transmit at least one transmission data signal; a receiver configured to receive at least one receive data signal and to receive the at least one transmission data signal; and at least one amplifier, associated with the transmitter, configured to receive at least one pre-distortion control signal sent from the receiver; wherein the at least one pre-distortion control signal is related to the at least one transmission data signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of calibrating an envelope path and an input path of an amplification stage including an envelope tracking power supply, the method comprising: generating input signals having a known relationship for each of the input and envelope paths; and varying an amplitude and a delay of the signal in one of the envelope and input paths in order to reduce the variation in the power detected in a signal at the output of the amplification stage.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to reduce Cartesian loop transmission delay for compensating the distortion occurring in a high-frequency power amplifier and make the distortion compensation converge quickly, thereby increasing the efficiency. A transmission device has: a high-frequency power amplifier; a pre-distortion compensation circuit for independently generating the coefficients of the distortion compensation signal for each order of the odd and even symmetric distortions of the high-frequency power amplifier; a means for varying the power supply voltage of the high-frequency power amplifier with an orthogonal modulation OFDM input signal; a digital frequency converter; a high-frequency band ADC; and a high-frequency band DAC.

Abstract: Communication apparatus, method and computer program product for communication in a communication system. While a transmitter of a transceiver module of a user equipment is transmitting, a first receiver is operated on a first received signal, and a second receiver is operated on a transmitted signal from the transmitter. While the transmitter is not transmitting, the second receiver is operated on a second received signal.

Abstract: An appliance includes an oven cavity; a gas burner disposed within the oven cavity; an electrical heating element disposed within the oven cavity; and a controller in operative communication with the gas burner and the electrical heating element, the controller being configured to receive a signal indicative of a current state of an associated utility, and to selectively activate at least one of the gas burner and the electrical heating element based upon the signal.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with phase based transformation of repeated signals are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes duplication logic configured to duplicate a string of data to form a duplicate string of data. Transformation logic is configured to modify phases associated with the string of data to generate a modified string of data. Signal generation logic is configured to generate a signal for wireless transmission where the signal having at least the modified string of data and the duplicate string of data.

Abstract: A communication unit has an envelope tracking system operably coupled to a power amplifier, PA, module. The envelope tracking system has at least one slew rate module arranged to re-distribute a slew rate across a number of input samples according to a maximum slew rate of the number of input samples; and a supply modulator arranged to variably control a supply voltage for the PA module in response to an output of the at least one slew rate module.

Abstract: Systems and methods for radio frequency digital predistortion in a multi-band transmitter are disclosed. In one embodiment, the multi-band transmitter includes a digital upconversion system configured to digitally upconvert digital input signals to provide digital radio frequency signals. Each digital input signal and thus each digital radio frequency signal corresponds to a different band of a multi-band transmit signal to be transmitted by the multi-band transmitter. The multi-band transmitter also includes a radio frequency digital predistortion system configured to digitally predistort the digital radio frequency signals to provide predistorted digital radio frequency signals, and a combiner configured to combine the predistorted digital radio frequency signals to provide a multi-band predistorted digital radio frequency signal.

Abstract: Described herein are a method and an apparatus for minimizing within-die variations in performance parameters of a processor. The apparatus comprising: a reference generator to generate an adjustable compensated reference signal; a bias generator to generate a bias signal based on the adjustable compensated reference signal; a transmitter coupled with the bias generator to transmit an output signal; and a feedback mechanism to sample the output signal from the transmitter and to provide the sampled output signal to the bias generator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided to improve upon the efficiency of a power amplifier. Suitable hardware/software in the form of circuitry, logic gates, and/or code functions to construct an envelope tracking waveform of an input communications signal and modulate the input supply voltage based on power amplifier circuitry operational parameters such as slew rates.

Abstract: A system and method for power control in a physical layer device. Energy savings during an active state can be produced through the monitoring of a received signal level by a receiver in a physical layer device. In one embodiment, based on an indication of the received signal level or other communication characteristic of the transmission medium, a control module can adjust the signal level or amplitude and/or adjust the voltage supply.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a digital pre-distortion transmitter and a method for controlling the same, which increase the efficiency of the power amplifier and improve the linearity of the transmitter. The digital pre-distortion transmitter includes: a pre-distortion unit configured to update a pre-distortion coefficient required by pre-distortion processing, and perform the pre-distortion processing on a baseband signal; a signal process and transmit unit configured to perform signal processing on the pre-distortion-processed baseband signal and transmission thereof; and a feedback signal process unit configured to process a feedback signal of the signal transmitted by the signal process and transmit unit, so as to supply a dynamic drain voltage to a power amplifier in the signal process and transmit unit by using the processed feedback signal; and, the pre-distortion unit updates the pre-distortion coefficient by using the feedback signal processed by the feedback signal process unit.

Abstract: Clipping a widely-separated, multi-carrier signal is effectively performed without having to use a high sampling speed. Clipping is performed in a first stage at a combined signal level, but with a predetermined carrier separation of at least twice the channel bandwidth (2CBW), followed by repositioning the carriers at baseband zero frequency. After clipping, carriers are placed at their respective center frequencies with full carrier separation reintroduced in a second stage. Iterative clipping stages smooth out signal reshaping and re-settled amplitudes for combined carriers.

Abstract: A predistortion correction method, a predistortion correction apparatus, a transmitter, and a base station are provided. The method includes: performing, based on a digital predistortion model, non-linear processing on an input transmit signal to obtain higher-order distortion time-domain signals; and obtaining, after performing processing on the higher-order distortion time-domain signals, a predistortion signal to be input to a power amplifier, where a process of converting the higher-order distortion time-domain signals to the predistortion signal includes bandwidth limitation processing, so that the predistortion signal to be input to the power amplifier is a predistortion signal within a preset bandwidth. Embodiments of the present invention can ensure predistortion accuracy, and can also reduce a requirement for a bandwidth and a sampling rate of a feedback channel, thereby reducing a predistortion cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for a transmission apparatus. A method of generating a differential signal includes adding a predetermined offset to an envelope signal to generate a first signal having the same magnitude as the envelope signal with respect to 0, scaling the first signal at a predetermined rate to generate a second signal, changing a sign of the second signal to generate a third signal that is an inverted signal of the second signal, and forming a differential signal using the second signal and the third signal.

Abstract: In a distortion compensating unit, a threshold calculating unit calculates a clip threshold to be set in an adjusting unit based on an address value generated by an address generating circuit. For example, the threshold calculating unit calculates the clip threshold by identifying the maximum value of address values generated by the address generating circuit in each adjustment unit period and subtracting a certain offset value from the identified maximum value. The adjusting unit adjusts a distortion compensation coefficient based on an address value received from the address generating circuit and a magnitude relationship with the set clip threshold.

Abstract: A signal transmission approach comprises encoding a source signal (comprising a plurality of source symbols) to generate a corresponding encoded signal. The encoded signal is modulated by mapping each source symbol to a respective signal constellation point of an applied signal constellation to generate a modulated signal. The modulated signal is pre-distorted based on a distortion estimate to generate a pre-distorted signal. The pre-distorted signal is filtered to generate a filtered signal. The filtered signal is frequency translated and amplified to generate a transmission signal for transmission via an uplink channel of a satellite communications system. To increase throughput, the source signal is processed through the apparatus and the resulting transmission signal is generated at a Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) symbol rate and with a tight frequency roll-off.

Abstract: Embodiments include but are not limited to apparatuses and systems including a quadrature lattice matching network including first path having a series inductor and a shunt inductor, and a second path having a series capacitor and a shunt capacitor. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A digital predistortion linearization method is provided for increasing the instantaneous or operational bandwidth for RF power amplifiers employed in wideband communication systems. Embodiments of the present invention provide a method of increasing DPD linearization bandwidth using a feedback filter integrated into existing digital platforms for multi-channel wideband wireless transmitters. An embodiment of the present invention utilizes a DPD feedback signal in conjunction with a low power band-pass filter in the DPD feedback path.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a composite signal includes electronics configured to modulate a carrier utilizing a finite set of composite signal phases to generate a composite signal, the finite set of composite signal phases being determined through an optimization process that minimizes a constant envelope for the phase modulated carrier, subject to constraints on desired signal power levels of the signals to be combined and either zero or one or more relative phase relationships between the signals. The apparatus and method can be extended to generating an optimized composite signal of different frequencies.

Abstract: A method of processing digital samples of a signal received at a receiver of a wireless communication system includes monitoring channel conditions and generating a channel indicator including at least one channel parameter by performing at least one of: estimating a channel mobility parameter and comparing it with a threshold; estimating a channel parameter of the energy of the channel outside a predefined temporal window and comparing it with a threshold; estimating a channel temporal duration parameter and establishing if it meets predetermined criteria; estimating a channel-zero location parameter and establishing if it meets predetermined criteria; estimating a received-signal signal-to-disturbance power ratio and comparing it to a threshold; estimating an estimated-channel-response signal-to-disturbance power ratio; estimating the degree of non-stationarity of the disturbance at the receiver input; and selecting one of a plurality of processing routines for processing the digital samples based on said c

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a digital amplitude modulator includes a power supply unit, a measurement unit, a calculation unit, and a power controller. The power supply unit supplies a power supply voltage to a plurality of power amplifiers. The measurement unit measures the output power and reflection coefficient of a synthesizer. The calculation unit calculates loss power occurring in each power amplifier in an ON state, and reflected power consumed by each power amplifier in the ON state. The power controller controls all the power amplifiers to be in an OFF state, and performs a normal operation, and controls the input voltage of the power supply unit or ON/OFF of the plurality of power amplifiers.

Abstract: Digital predistortion (“DPD”) of an RF power amplifier for signals comprising two widely spaced carrier clusters is proposed. The basis waveforms within the DPD are selected to allow for the use of a lower sampling rate. As one example, multi-carrier signals spanning 60 MHz of bandwidth may be linearized using a sample rate of 100 MHz for the DPD module and the observation path, as opposed to a sample rate exceeding 300 MHz (5 times Nyquist) used conventionally. A transmit (Tx) filter is located after the power amplifier to attenuate distortion modes exceeding the sampling rate used.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling envelope tracking in a transmitter with closed loop power control, including up-converting and pre-amplifying a baseband signal to a pre-amplified RF signal, amplifying the pre-amplified RF signal, converting the envelope of the baseband signal into a shaped envelope signal, adjusting the gain of the pre-amplified RF signal, and adjusting the shape of the envelope signal in response to changes in the gain of the pre-amplified RF signal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a circuit for multi-standard wireless RF transmission comprising: input circuitry (302 to 314) for generating a transmission signal (IT(t), QT(t)) based on an input data signal (I, Q); a power amplifier (316) adapted to amplify said transmission signal to provide an output signal (S(t)) for transmission via at least one antenna; and feedback circuitry (320 to 340) comprising at least one variable low-pass filter (334, 336) for generating a feedback signal (IFB, QFB) based on said output signal, wherein said input circuitry further comprises pre-distortion circuitry (302) adapted to modify said input data signal (I, Q) based on said feedback signal.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) includes an oscillation frequency signal generation circuit and a transconductance control circuit. The oscillation frequency signal generation circuit has a first transconductance and generates a first oscillation frequency signal and a second oscillation frequency signal based on a voltage control signal and a power supply voltage. The first and second oscillation frequency signals are a pair of differential signals. The oscillation frequency signal generation circuit is configured to output the first oscillation frequency signal from a first output node. The oscillation frequency signal generation circuit is configured to output the second oscillation frequency signal from a second output node. The transconductance control circuit is connected to the first and second output nodes and has a second transconductance. The transconductance control circuit is configured to adjust the second transconductance based on a digital control signal.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is described for providing a power supply to a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA). The integrated circuit comprises a low-frequency power supply path comprising a switching regulator and a high-frequency power supply path arranged to regulate an output voltage of a combined power supply at an output port of the integrated circuit for coupling to a load. The combined power supply is provided by the low-frequency power supply path and high-frequency power supply path. The high-frequency power supply path comprises: an amplifier comprising a voltage feedback and arranged to drive a power supply signal on the high-frequency power supply path; and a high-frequency-path supply module arranged to provide a high frequency supply to drive the amplifier, where the high-frequency-path supply module comprises a pulse-width modulator operably coupled to the high frequency supply via a filter and arranged to provide a filtered pulse-width modulated signal to the high frequency supply.

Abstract: The memory polynomial based digital predistorter utilizes a cluster-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique and has an embedded model-size estimator. The PSO technique and model-size estimator efficiently find the dimensions and accurately estimate the coefficients of the memory polynomial based digital predistorter for improved linearity of a power amplifier.

Abstract: An optical device receives a modulation format and a baud rate for transmission of an optical signal with multiple subcarrier signals, and generates the optical signal based on the modulation format and the baud rate. The optical device generates a dual-etalon response based on the optical signal, the modulation format, and the baud rate, where the dual-etalon response includes multiple peaks. The optical device compares the subcarrier signals of the optical signal and the peaks of the dual-etalon response, and determines, based on the comparing, whether at least one of the subcarrier signals aligns with a peak of the dual-etalon response. The optical device locks or adjusts a wavelength of the optical signal for the modulation format and the baud rate based on whether at least one of the subcarrier signals aligns with a peak of the dual-etalon response.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a switching scheme for tri-level unit elements with ISI mitigation. A tri-level unit element may include a first and second current source and a plurality of switches arranged to form three circuit branches between the first and the second current source. The first circuit branch may include two switches connected in parallel between the first current source and a first output terminal and two switches connected in parallel between the second current source and the first output terminal. The second circuit branch may include two switches connected in parallel between the first current source and a second output terminal and two switches connected in parallel between the second current source and the second output terminal. The third circuit branch may include switches to couple the first current source and the second current source to a dump node.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may reduce non-linear interference on a signal received at a receiving RAT by using a determined operating parameter of a transmitting radio access technology (RAT) of the user equipment (UE), which transmits a signal according to the operating parameter. The UE may estimate the non-linear interference in digital baseband to a receiving RAT of the UE from a digital baseband portion of the transmitted signal of the transmitting RAT by applying non-linear transformation based on the determined operating parameter of the transmitting RAT and cancel the estimated non-linear interference in baseband from a signal received by the receiving RAT.

Abstract: A front-end circuit includes a power amplifier circuit, a low noise amplifier circuit, a connection switching circuit, a bypass circuit and an attenuation unit. The connection switching circuit switches connections in response to a control signal. The bypass circuit forms a bypass in response to a control signal. The attenuation unit includes a plurality of attenuation circuits. The plurality of attenuation circuits include attenuation circuits. In the case where an antenna terminal is electrically connected to the power amplifier circuit, the attenuation circuits attenuate a branch signal leaked from the transmission signal into a transfer line for transferring the reception signal in response to the control signal. In the case where the antenna terminal is electrically connected to the low noise amplifier circuit, the attenuation circuit attenuates the reception signal in the transfer line in response to the control signal.

Abstract: A method includes identifying a signal peak from an input signal. The signal peak may be detected with peak detection circuitry. A serial division operation may be performed on the identified signal peak value with serial division circuitry to obtain a scaling factor. The peak detection circuitry may identify an additional signal peak from the input signal concurrently with the serial division operation. The serial division operation may be halted if the additional identified signal peak is greater than the previous identified signal peak. Another serial division operation may be performed based on the additional identified signal peak.

Abstract: A signal processing system is provided. The signal processing system includes: a peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) reducer that reduces a peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) of an input signal x(n), a clipping noise processing system that generates an equivalent clipping noise signal ?*CL(n) that is defined as a weighted sum of a weighted in-band clipping signal WIN*?CL,IN(n) and a weighted out-of-band clipping signal WOUT*?CL,OUT(n) to be used for determining functions of a predistorter that suppresses out-of-band spectrum caused during peak-to-average power reduction process and for generating an input signal of an amplifier which input signal has reduced clipping noise and be distorted so as to compensate nonlinearity of the amplifier.

Abstract: A sampling circuit samples a transmission signal containing a particular transmission signal transmitted in a regular and intermittent transmission pattern. The sampling circuit includes a sampling processing unit that performs a sampling process that samples the transmission signal; a determination unit that determines whether the sampling process has been successfully or unsuccessfully performed; and a sampling control unit that sets up sampling acquisition intervals for the sampling processing unit in which the intervals differ depending on whether the sampling process is successfully or unsuccessfully, the sampling processing unit performing the sampling process based on the sampling acquisition interval that has been set up by the sampling control unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for effecting predistortion of a concurrent multi-band signal to compensate for power amplifier non-linearity. In general, the concurrent multi-band signal contains frequency components occupying multiple frequency bands with no frequency components between adjacent frequency bands. In one embodiment, a transmitter includes a power amplifier that amplifies a modulated concurrent multi-band signal to provide an amplified concurrent multi-band signal. A predistortion sub-system effects predistortion of the modulated concurrent multi-band signal prior to amplification in order to compensate for non-linearity of the power amplifier. The predistortion sub-system includes a number of predistorters each providing predistortion for a different one of the frequency bands of the modulated concurrent multi-band signal.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus and method for transmitting data within a multi-carrier transmission system including two or more transmission apparatuses configured to transmit same data. To avoid destructive interferences the transmission apparatus includes a signal input configured to receive multi-carrier signals carrying data to be transmitted, a distortion unit configured to distort the multi-carrier signals by use of a distortion function including a phase parameter for differently modulating phase of the multi-carrier signals, the distortion function being different from distortion functions used by other transmission apparatuses, whose coverage areas overlap with the coverage area of the present transmission apparatus, by using a phase parameter different from the phase parameter used by the other transmission apparatuses, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the distorted multi-carrier signals as a transmission signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for signal bandwidth compensation is disclosed.

Abstract: An all digital model of nonlinear transmitter signal distortion in signals received at a receiver of a transmitter-receiver may be used to estimate distortion. The estimated distortion may then be cancelled from the received signals to improve signal quality of the received signal. The digital nonlinear model may be part of an estimator circuit that estimates nonlinear distortion terms by applying a formula or transformation to a digitized version of the signals transmitter at a transmitter of the transmitter-receiver. A mixer may be used to shift a frequency of the estimated nonlinear terms away from a transmitter frequency so that the nonlinear terms can later be subtracted from the incoming signal received at the receiver at a receiver frequency. Circuits and methods are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus relates generally to multi-path digital predistortion. In this apparatus, a single-band digital predistorter engine has first and second sample paths. An input stage is coupled to receive input samples and configured to separate them into first samples and second samples. The input stage provides first and second magnitudes for the first and second samples, respectively. A first set of digital predistorters receives the first samples, the first magnitudes and the second magnitudes. A second set of digital predistorters receives the second samples, the second magnitudes and the first magnitudes. An output stage is coupled to receive predistorted outputs from the first set of digital predistorters and the second set of digital predistorters and is configured to provide a digital predistorted composite signal from the first set of digital predistorters and the second set of digital predistorters.

Abstract: A method of calibrating an envelope tracking system for a supply voltage for a power amplifier module within a radio frequency (RF) transmitter module. The method includes deriving a mapping function between an instantaneous envelope of a waveform signal to be amplified by the power amplifier module and the power amplifier module supply voltage to achieve a constant power amplifier module gain based on a gain compression factor, setting an envelope tracking path of the transmitter module into an envelope tracking mode in which mapping between the instantaneous envelope of the waveform signal and the power amplifier module supply voltage is performed using the derived mapping function, applying a training signal comprising an envelope that varies with time to the RF transmitter module, measuring a battery current, modifying the gain compression factor based on the measured battery current, and re-deriving the mapping function based on the modified gain compression factor.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are related to digital pre-distortion in envelope tracking systems. A device may include an amplitude modulation-to-phase modulation (AM-PM) distortion unit configured to generate an AM-PM distortion component in response to receipt of phase data of an input transmit signal. The device may also include a local oscillator (LO) path coupled to the distortion unit and configured to convey a local oscillator (LO) signal that varies based on the AM-PM distortion component.

Abstract: A baseband PA predistortion module, which includes a baseband combiner, a baseband PA correction circuit, and a baseband filter, is disclosed. The baseband PA correction circuit replicates behavior of an RF PA by processing a modulation data signal to provide a predistortion data signal. The behavior of the RF PA includes distortion. The modulation data signal is representative of an RF input signal to an RF PA and the predistortion data signal is representative of a correction needed at an output of the RF PA. The baseband filter receives and filters the predistortion data signal to provide a reduced predistortion data signal, such that a low frequency content of the reduced predistortion data signal is less than a low frequency content of the predistortion data signal. The baseband combiner receives and combines the modulation data signal and the reduced predistortion data signal to provide a baseband transmit signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling update of digital pre-distortion (DPD) coefficient is provided. The apparatus is applicable to a digital power control system, wherein the apparatus comprises: an update controlling unit configured to determine a group of fully-trained DPD coefficients among a plurality of DPD coefficients; and a DPD coefficient generating unit configured to update adaptively the group of fully-trained DPD coefficients according to the result of judgment of the update controlling unit. The DPD coefficients are allowed to be updated after being judged as being able to be fully trained according to power distribution information of DPD input signals, or according to address distribution information of an LUT, or according to average power of output of an HPA; otherwise, they may not be updated, thereby efficiently preventing DPD abnormality resulted from unfull training of coefficients in being updated.

Abstract: Integrated circuits with wireless communications circuitry having digital predistortion (DPD) circuitry are provided. The digital predistortion circuitry may include a forward path filter, a time domain alignment (TDA) circuit, a frequency domain alignment (FDA) circuit, and an adaption circuit. The TDA circuit may receive power amplifier input signals and power amplifier output signals and may include a cross correlator, a peak detector, and a delay circuit for performing coarse time domain alignment (i.e., to align the power amplifier input and output signals). The FDA circuit may include a fast Fourier transform circuit, a matrix multiplier, and a matrix inverter for performing frequency domain alignment. The adaption circuit may analyze the aligned signals output from the FDA circuit to produce impulse response coefficients that are then used to control the forward path filter. The forward path filter may serve to predistort transmit signals prior to radio-frequency amplification.

Abstract: To satisfy the required SNR values for each system and/or each channel, a peak factor reduction device for reducing peak components included in a transmission signal, generates a cancellation signal to be multiplexed on the transmission signal, and the peak factor reduction device changes an amplitude of the generated cancellation signal according to a signal noise ratio required for the transmission signal and a power level of the transmission signal.

Abstract: A modulator generates modulation signals from input signals. A combiner arranges subcarrier modulation signals based on the modulation signals in order thereby to generate a compound matrix. The shifter shifts elements of each row of the compound matrix to generate shift matrix. An IFFT calculator subjects the shift matrix to inverse fast Fourier transformation to generate inverse transformation matrix. A maximum detector detects a column with a highest peak-to-average power ratio among columns of the inverse transformation matrix. A minimum detector detects an inverse transformation matrix including a column with a lowest peak-to-average power ratio among columns of inverse transformation matrices detected by the maximum detector. A transmitter generates a transmission signal based on baseband signals generated from each column of the inverse transformation matrix detected by the minimum detector, and transmits the transmission signal.

Abstract: A method of operating base station includes determining a first transmit power of a user equipment (UE), which includes determining a serving base station receive power, determining a path loss of the UE to the base station, determining a downlink signal to noise and interference ratio (SNIR) at the UE, and forming the first UE transmit power. Forming the first UE transmit power comprises summing the serving base station receive power, the path loss of the UE to the base station and the downlink SNIR. The method further includes instructing the UE to transmit at the first UE transmit power.